1
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Oviatt A, Gibson EG, Huang J, Mattern K, Neuman KC, Chan PF, Osheroff N. Interactions between Gepotidacin and Escherichia coli Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV: Genetic and Biochemical Evidence for Well-Balanced Dual-Targeting. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1137-1151. [PMID: 38606465 PMCID: PMC11015057 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat to human health. Therefore, efforts have been made to develop new antibacterial agents that address this critical medical issue. Gepotidacin is a novel, bactericidal, first-in-class triazaacenaphthylene antibacterial in clinical development. Recently, phase III clinical trials for gepotidacin treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections caused by uropathogens, including Escherichia coli, were stopped for demonstrated efficacy. Because of the clinical promise of gepotidacin, it is important to understand how the compound interacts with its cellular targets, gyrase and topoisomerase IV, from E. coli. Consequently, we determined how gyrase and topoisomerase IV mutations in amino acid residues that are involved in gepotidacin interactions affect the susceptibility of E. coli cells to the compound and characterized the effects of gepotidacin on the activities of purified wild-type and mutant gyrase and topoisomerase IV. Gepotidacin displayed well-balanced dual-targeting of gyrase and topoisomerase IV in E. coli cells, which was reflected in a similar inhibition of the catalytic activities of these enzymes by the compound. Gepotidacin induced gyrase/topoisomerase IV-mediated single-stranded, but not double-stranded, DNA breaks. Mutations in GyrA and ParC amino acid residues that interact with gepotidacin altered the activity of the compound against the enzymes and, when present in both gyrase and topoisomerase IV, reduced the antibacterial activity of gepotidacin against this mutant strain. Our studies provide insights regarding the well-balanced dual-targeting of gyrase and topoisomerase IV by gepotidacin in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria
A. Oviatt
- Department
of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School
of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Elizabeth G. Gibson
- Department
of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School
of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School
of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Jianzhong Huang
- Infectious
Diseases Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Karen Mattern
- Infectious
Diseases Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Keir C. Neuman
- Laboratory
of Single Molecule Biophysics, National
Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20982, United States
| | - Pan F. Chan
- Infectious
Diseases Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Neil Osheroff
- Department
of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School
of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department
of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Vanderbilt
University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- VA
Tennessee
Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
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2
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Miranda-Vera C, Hernández ÁP, García-García P, Díez D, García PA, Castro MÁ. Podophyllotoxin: Recent Advances in the Development of Hybridization Strategies to Enhance Its Antitumoral Profile. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2728. [PMID: 38140069 PMCID: PMC10747284 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin is a naturally occurring cyclolignan isolated from rhizomes of Podophyllum sp. In the clinic, it is used mainly as an antiviral; however, its antitumor activity is even more interesting. While podophyllotoxin possesses severe side effects that limit its development as an anticancer agent, nevertheless, it has become a good lead compound for the synthesis of derivatives with fewer side effects and better selectivity. Several examples, such as etoposide, highlight the potential of this natural product for chemomodulation in the search for new antitumor agents. This review focuses on the recent chemical modifications (2017-mid-2023) of the podophyllotoxin skeleton performed mainly at the C-ring (but also at the lactone D-ring and at the trimethoxyphenyl E-ring) together with their biological properties. Special emphasis is placed on hybrids or conjugates with other natural products (either primary or secondary metabolites) and other molecules (heterocycles, benzoheterocycles, synthetic drugs, and other moieties) that contribute to improved podophyllotoxin bioactivity. In fact, hybridization has been a good strategy to design podophyllotoxin derivatives with enhanced bioactivity. The way in which the two components are joined (directly or through spacers) was also considered for the organization of this review. This comprehensive perspective is presented with the aim of guiding the medicinal chemistry community in the design of new podophyllotoxin-based drugs with improved anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Miranda-Vera
- Laboratorio de Química Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, CIETUS, IBSAL, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.M.-V.); (Á.P.H.); (P.G.-G.); (P.A.G.)
| | - Ángela Patricia Hernández
- Laboratorio de Química Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, CIETUS, IBSAL, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.M.-V.); (Á.P.H.); (P.G.-G.); (P.A.G.)
| | - Pilar García-García
- Laboratorio de Química Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, CIETUS, IBSAL, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.M.-V.); (Á.P.H.); (P.G.-G.); (P.A.G.)
| | - David Díez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Pablo Anselmo García
- Laboratorio de Química Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, CIETUS, IBSAL, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.M.-V.); (Á.P.H.); (P.G.-G.); (P.A.G.)
| | - María Ángeles Castro
- Laboratorio de Química Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, CIETUS, IBSAL, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.M.-V.); (Á.P.H.); (P.G.-G.); (P.A.G.)
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3
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Jian JY, Osheroff N. Telling Your Right Hand from Your Left: The Effects of DNA Supercoil Handedness on the Actions of Type II Topoisomerases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11199. [PMID: 37446377 PMCID: PMC10342825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Type II topoisomerases are essential enzymes that modulate the topological state of DNA supercoiling in all living organisms. These enzymes alter DNA topology by performing double-stranded passage reactions on over- or underwound DNA substrates. This strand passage reaction generates a transient covalent enzyme-cleaved DNA structure known as the cleavage complex. Al-though the cleavage complex is a requisite catalytic intermediate, it is also intrinsically dangerous to genomic stability in biological systems. The potential threat of type II topoisomerase function can also vary based on the nature of the supercoiled DNA substrate. During essential processes such as DNA replication and transcription, cleavage complex formation can be inherently more dangerous on overwound versus underwound DNA substrates. As such, it is important to understand the profound effects that DNA topology can have on the cellular functions of type II topoisomerases. This review will provide a broad assessment of how human and bacterial type II topoisomerases recognize and act on their substrates of various topological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Y. Jian
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Neil Osheroff
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
- Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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4
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Basagni F, Marotta G, Rosini M, Minarini A. Polyamine-Drug Conjugates: Do They Boost Drug Activity? Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114518. [PMID: 37298993 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, the strategy of conjugating polyamine tails with bioactive molecules such as anticancer and antimicrobial agents, as well as antioxidant and neuroprotective scaffolds, has been widely exploited to enhance their pharmacological profile. Polyamine transport is elevated in many pathological conditions, suggesting that the polyamine portion could improve cellular and subcellular uptake of the conjugate via the polyamine transporter system. In this review, we have presented a glimpse on the polyamine conjugate scenario, classified by therapeutic area, of the last decade with the aim of highlighting achievements and fostering future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Basagni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giambattista Marotta
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Rosini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Minarini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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5
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Jian JY, McCarty KD, Byl J, Guengerich FP, Neuman K, Osheroff N. Basis for the discrimination of supercoil handedness during DNA cleavage by human and bacterial type II topoisomerases. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:3888-3902. [PMID: 36999602 PMCID: PMC10164583 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To perform double-stranded DNA passage, type II topoisomerases generate a covalent enzyme-cleaved DNA complex (i.e. cleavage complex). Although this complex is a requisite enzyme intermediate, it is also intrinsically dangerous to genomic stability. Consequently, cleavage complexes are the targets for several clinically relevant anticancer and antibacterial drugs. Human topoisomerase IIα and IIβ and bacterial gyrase maintain higher levels of cleavage complexes with negatively supercoiled over positively supercoiled DNA substrates. Conversely, bacterial topoisomerase IV is less able to distinguish DNA supercoil handedness. Despite the importance of supercoil geometry to the activities of type II topoisomerases, the basis for supercoil handedness recognition during DNA cleavage has not been characterized. Based on the results of benchtop and rapid-quench flow kinetics experiments, the forward rate of cleavage is the determining factor of how topoisomerase IIα/IIβ, gyrase and topoisomerase IV distinguish supercoil handedness in the absence or presence of anticancer/antibacterial drugs. In the presence of drugs, this ability can be enhanced by the formation of more stable cleavage complexes with negatively supercoiled DNA. Finally, rates of enzyme-mediated DNA ligation do not contribute to the recognition of DNA supercoil geometry during cleavage. Our results provide greater insight into how type II topoisomerases recognize their DNA substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Y Jian
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kevin D McCarty
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jo Ann W Byl
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Keir C Neuman
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biophysics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20982, USA
| | - Neil Osheroff
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
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6
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Perevoshchikova KA, Eshtukova-Shcheglova EA, Markov OV, Markov AV, Chernikov IV, Maslov MA, Zenkova MA. Symmetric lipophilic polyamines exhibiting antitumor activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 76:117089. [PMID: 36399911 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.117089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Unsymmetric lipophilic polyamine derivatives are considered as potential antitumor agents. Here, a series of novel symmetric lipophilic polyamines (LPAs) based on norspermine and triethylenetetramine (TETA) backbones bearing alkyl substituents with different lengths (from decyl to octadecyl) at C(1) atom of glycerol were synthesized. Performed screening of the cytotoxicity of novel compounds on the panel of tumor cell lines (MCF-7, KB-3-1, B16) and non-malignant fibroblasts hFF3 in vitro revealed a correlation between the length of the aliphatic moieties in LPAs and their toxic effects - LPAs with the shortest decyl substituent were found to exhibit the highest cytotoxicity. Furthermore, norspermine-based LPAs displayed somewhat more pronounced cytotoxicity compared with their TETA-based counterparts. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated that hit LPAs containing the norspermine backbone and tetradecyl or decyl substituents efficiently induced apoptosis in KB-3-1 cells. Moreover, decyl-bearing LPA inhibited motility and enhanced adhesiveness of murine B16 melanoma cells in vitro, showing promising antimetastatic potential. Thus, developed novel symmetric norspermine-based LPAs can be considered as promising anticancer chemotherapeutic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia A Perevoshchikova
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA - Russian Technological University, 119571 Moscow, Russian
| | | | - Oleg V Markov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentieva ave. 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Andrey V Markov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentieva ave. 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Ivan V Chernikov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentieva ave. 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Maslov
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA - Russian Technological University, 119571 Moscow, Russian.
| | - Marina A Zenkova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentieva ave. 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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7
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Jiang H, Qin X, Wang Q, Xu Q, Wang J, Wu Y, Chen W, Wang C, Zhang T, Xing D, Zhang R. Application of carbohydrates in approved small molecule drugs: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 223:113633. [PMID: 34171659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are an important energy source and play numerous key roles in all living organisms. Carbohydrates chemistry involved in diagnosis and treatment of diseases has been attracting increasing attention. Carbohydrates could be one of the major focuses of new drug discovery. Currently, however, carbohydrate-containing drugs account for only a small percentage of all drugs in clinical use, which does not match the important roles of carbohydrates in the organism. In other words, carbohydrates are a relatively untapped source of new drugs and therefore may offer exciting novel therapeutic opportunities. Here, we presented an overview of the application of carbohydrates in approved small molecule drugs and emphasized and evaluated the roles of carbohydrates in those drugs. The potential development direction of carbohydrate-containing drugs was presented after summarizing the advantages and challenges of carbohydrates in the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Jiang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China; Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiaofei Qin
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Critical Medicine, Hainan Maternal and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, 570312, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Laboratory of Immunology for Environment and Health, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yudong Wu
- Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wujun Chen
- Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Dongming Xing
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China; Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Renshuai Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China; Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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8
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Abstract
1,2-Naphthoquinone, a secondary metabolite of naphthalene, is an environmental pollutant found in diesel exhaust particles that displays cytotoxic and genotoxic properties. Because many quinones have been shown to act as topoisomerase II poisons, the effects of this compound on DNA cleavage mediated by human topoisomerase IIα and IIβ were examined. The compound increased the levels of double-stranded DNA breaks generated by both enzyme isoforms and did so better than a series of naphthoquinone derivatives. Furthermore, 1,2-naphthoquinone was a more efficacious poison against topoisomerase IIα than IIβ. Topoisomerase II poisons can be classified as interfacial (which interact noncovalently at the enzyme-DNA interface and increase DNA cleavage by blocking ligation) or covalent (which adduct the protein and increase DNA cleavage by closing the N-terminal gate of the enzyme). Therefore, experiments were performed to determine the mechanistic basis for the actions of 1,2-naphthoquinone. In contrast to results with etoposide (an interfacial poison), the activity of 1,2-naphthoquinone against topoisomerase IIα was abrogated in the presence of sulfhydryl and reducing agents. Moreover, the compound inhibited cleavage activity when incubated with the enzyme prior to the addition of DNA and induced virtually no cleavage with the catalytic core of the enzyme. It also induced stable covalent topoisomerase IIα-DNA cleavage complexes and was a partial inhibitor of DNA ligation. Findings were also consistent with 1,2-naphthoquinone acting as a covalent poison of topoisomerase IIβ; however, mechanistic studies with this isoform were less conclusive. Whereas the activity of 1,2-naphthoquinone was blocked in the presence of a sulfhydryl reagent, it was much less sensitive to the presence of a reducing agent. Furthermore, the reduced form of 1,2-naphthoquinone, 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene, displayed high activity against the β isoform. Taken together, results suggest that 1,2-naphthoquinone increases topoisomerase II-mediated double-stranded DNA scission (at least in part) by acting as a covalent poison of the human type II enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Collins
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Neil Osheroff
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
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9
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Buzun K, Bielawska A, Bielawski K, Gornowicz A. DNA topoisomerases as molecular targets for anticancer drugs. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:1781-1799. [PMID: 32975138 PMCID: PMC7534307 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1821676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The significant role of topoisomerases in the control of DNA chain topology has been confirmed in numerous research conducted worldwide. The prevalence of these enzymes, as well as the key importance of topoisomerase in the proper functioning of cells, have made them the target of many scientific studies conducted all over the world. This article is a comprehensive review of knowledge about topoisomerases and their inhibitors collected over the years. Studies on the structure-activity relationship and molecular docking are one of the key elements driving drug development. In addition to information on molecular targets, this article contains details on the structure-activity relationship of described classes of compounds. Moreover, the work also includes details about the structure of the compounds that drive the mode of action of topoisomerase inhibitors. Finally, selected topoisomerases inhibitors at the stage of clinical trials and their potential application in the chemotherapy of various cancers are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Buzun
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Bielawska
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Bielawski
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gornowicz
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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10
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Boyé P, Floch F, Serres F, Segaoula Z, Hordeaux J, Pascal Q, Coste V, Courapied S, Bouchaert E, Rybicka A, Mazuy C, Marescaux L, Geeraert K, Fournel-Fleury C, Duhamel A, Machuron F, Ferré P, Pétain A, Guilbaud N, Tierny D, Gomes B. Randomized, double-blind trial of F14512, a polyamine-vectorized anticancer drug, compared with etoposide phosphate, in dogs with naturally occurring lymphoma. Oncotarget 2020; 11:671-686. [PMID: 32133044 PMCID: PMC7041934 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: F14512 is an epipodophyllotoxin derivative from etoposide, combined with a spermine moiety introduced as a cell delivery vector. The objective of this study was to compare the safety and antitumor activity of F14512 and etoposide phosphate in dogs with spontaneous non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and to investigate the potential benefit of F14512 in P-glycoprotein (Pgp) overexpressing lymphomas.
Experimental Design: Forty-eight client-owned dogs with intermediate to high-grade NHL were enrolled into a randomized, double-blind trial of F14512 versus etoposide phosphate. Endpoints included safety and therapeutic efficacy.
Results: Twenty-five dogs were randomized to receive F14512 and 23 dogs to receive etoposide phosphate. All adverse events (AEs) were reversible, and no treatment-related death was reported. Hematologic AEs were more severe with F14512 and gastrointestinal AEs were more frequent with etoposide phosphate. F14512 exhibited similar response rate and progression-free survival (PFS) as etoposide phosphate in the global treated population. Subgroup analysis of dogs with Pgp-overexpressing NHL showed a significant improvement in PFS in dogs treated with F14512 compared with etoposide phosphate.
Conclusion: F14512 showed strong therapeutic efficacy against spontaneous NHL and exhibited a clinical benefice in Pgp-overexpressing lymphoma superior to etoposide phosphate. The results clearly justify the evaluation of F14512 in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Boyé
- OCR (Oncovet-Clinical-Research), Loos, France.,Oncovet, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,Current address: Department of Small Animal Teaching Hospital, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - François Serres
- OCR (Oncovet-Clinical-Research), Loos, France.,Oncovet, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Zacharie Segaoula
- OCR (Oncovet-Clinical-Research), Loos, France.,Université de Lille, JPARC - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert, Neurosciences et Cancer, Lille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alain Duhamel
- Université Lille, Santé Publique: Epidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille, France
| | - François Machuron
- Université Lille, Santé Publique: Epidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille, France
| | - Pierre Ferré
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Dominique Tierny
- OCR (Oncovet-Clinical-Research), Loos, France.,Oncovet, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Bruno Gomes
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France.,Current address: Hoffmann-La Roche, Switzerland
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11
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Kuriappan JA, Osheroff N, De Vivo M. Smoothed Potential MD Simulations for Dissociation Kinetics of Etoposide To Unravel Isoform Specificity in Targeting Human Topoisomerase II. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:4007-4017. [PMID: 31449404 PMCID: PMC6800198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Human
type II topoisomerases (TopoII) are essential for controlling
DNA topology within the cell. For this reason, there are a number
of TopoII-targeted anticancer drugs that act by inducing DNA cleavage
mediated by both TopoII isoforms (TopoIIα and TopoIIβ)
in cells. However, recent studies suggest that specific poisoning
of TopoIIα may be a safer strategy for treating cancer. This
is because poisoning of TopoIIβ appears to be linked to the
generation of secondary leukemia in patients. We recently reported
that enzyme-mediated DNA cleavage complexes (in which TopoII is covalently
linked to the cleaved DNA during catalysis) formed in the presence
of the anticancer drug etoposide persisted approximately 3-fold longer
with TopoIIα than TopoIIβ. Notably, enhanced drug-target
residence time may reduce the adverse effects of specific TopoIIα
poisons. However, it is still not clear how to design drugs that are
specific for the α isoform. In this study, we report the results
of classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to comparatively
analyze the molecular interactions formed within the TopoII/DNA/etoposide
complex with both isoforms. We also used smoothed potential MD to
estimate etoposide dissociation kinetics from the two isoform complexes.
These extensive classical and enhanced sampling simulations revealed
stabilizing interactions of etoposide with two serine residues (Ser763
and Ser800) in TopoIIα. These interactions are missing in TopoIIβ,
where both amino acids are alanine residues. This may explain the
greater persistence of etoposide-stabilized cleavage complexes formed
with Topo TopoIIα. These findings could be useful for the rational
design of specific TopoIIα poisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jissy A Kuriappan
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30 , 16163 Genova , Italy
| | - Neil Osheroff
- Department of Biochemistry , Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville , Tennessee 37232-0146 , United States.,Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology) , Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville , Tennessee 37232-6307 , United States.,VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System , Nashville , Tennessee 37212 , United States
| | - Marco De Vivo
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30 , 16163 Genova , Italy
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12
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Kuruppu AI, Paranagama P, Goonasekara CL. Medicinal plants commonly used against cancer in traditional medicine formulae in Sri Lanka. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 27:565-573. [PMID: 31061626 PMCID: PMC6488922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a global burden. In low- and middle-income countries around 70% of deaths are due to cancer. For a number of years natural products have been a good source of agents for combatting cancer and plants have played a huge role in anti-cancer product development. For many centuries, indigenous cultures around the world have used traditional herbal medicine to treat a myriad of diseases including cancer. In Sri Lanka, a number of plants have been reported to have anti-cancer properties and some of the commonly used plants are described in this review with an account of their compounds and modes of action. Only a small number of the plants in Sri Lanka have been tested for their bioactivity and more research is required to determine their medicinal activity with the aim of developing novel drugs to fight this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchala I Kuruppu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka.,Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Sri Lanka
| | - Priyani Paranagama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka.,Institute of Indigenous Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Charitha L Goonasekara
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Sri Lanka
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13
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Leary A, Le Tourneau C, Varga A, Sablin MP, Gomez-Roca C, Guilbaud N, Petain A, Pavlyuk M, Delord JP. Phase I dose-escalation study of F14512, a polyamine-vectorized topoisomerase II inhibitor, in patients with platinum-refractory or resistant ovarian cancer. Invest New Drugs 2018; 37:693-701. [PMID: 30547316 PMCID: PMC6647401 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-0688-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of F14512, a topoisomerase II inhibitor designed to target cancer cells through the polyamine transport system, (three-hour daily infusion given for 3 consecutive days every 3 weeks) in platinum-refractory or resistant ovarian cancer. Other objectives were safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), PK/pharmacodynamics relationship, and efficacy. Methods This was an open-label, dose-escalation, multicenter phase I study. Results Eleven patients were enrolled and were treated at dose levels (DLs) of 10 and 5 mg/m2/day. All patients received the 3 injections per cycle as per study protocol (median, 1 cycle (Ferlay et al. Int J Cancer 136:E359–386, 2015; Siegel et al. CA Cancer J Clin 65:5–29, 2015; Oronsky et al. Med Oncol 34:103, 2017; Barret et al. Cancer Res 68:9845–9853, 2008; Ballot et al. Apoptosis 17:364–376, 2012; Brel et al. Biochem Pharmacol 82:1843–1852, 2011; Gentry et al. Biochemistry 50:3240–3249, 2011; Kruczynski et al. Investig New Drugs 29:9–21, 2011; Chelouah et al. PLoS One 6:e23597, 2011)) with no dose reductions. At DL 10 mg/m2/day, 6 dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were reported (3/4 evaluable patients: 2 grade 3 febrile neutropenia, 1 grade 4 neutropenia lasting at least 7 days, 1 grade 3 nausea, 1 decreased appetite, and 1 grade 3 asthenia). At dose 5 mg/m2/day, 2 DLTs were reported (2/6 treated patients: 2 grade 3 febrile neutropenia). Both DLs were defined as MTD. Stable disease was reported as best overall response in 2 (40%) patients having both received 9 cycles, one at each DL. 90.9% of patients experienced grade 4 neutropenia, but for only one (9.1%) it was reported as a serious adverse event. Conclusion Although there was some encouraging efficacy signal, grade 4 neutropenia led to complications and it was decided to stop the study. A DL below 5 mg/m2/day was not tested as this would not allow reaching the minimum serum concentration needed for the pharmacological activity of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Leary
- Gustave Roussy, Oncology Department, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94805, Villejuif, France.,INSERM U981, Villejuif, France
| | - Christophe Le Tourneau
- Department of Medical Oncology, Paris & Saint-Cloud, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,INSERM U900 Research unit, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Andrea Varga
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Drug Development Department, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie-Paule Sablin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Paris & Saint-Cloud, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,INSERM U900 Research unit, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Carlos Gomez-Roca
- Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopole, Departement d'Oncologie Medicale, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Jean-Pierre Delord
- Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopole, Departement d'Oncologie Medicale, Toulouse, France.
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14
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Oviatt AA, Kuriappan JA, Minniti E, Vann KR, Onuorah P, Minarini A, De Vivo M, Osheroff N. Polyamine-containing etoposide derivatives as poisons of human type II topoisomerases: Differential effects on topoisomerase IIα and IIβ. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2961-2968. [PMID: 30006062 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Etoposide is an anticancer drug that acts by inducing topoisomerase II-mediated DNA cleavage. Despite its wide use, etoposide is associated with some very serious side-effects including the development of treatment-related acute myelogenous leukemias. Etoposide targets both human topoisomerase IIα and IIβ. However, the contributions of the two enzyme isoforms to the therapeutic vs. leukemogenic properties of the drug are unclear. In order to develop an etoposide-based drug with specificity for cancer cells that express an active polyamine transport system, the sugar moiety of the drug has been replaced with a polyamine tail. To analyze the effects of this substitution on the specificity of hybrid molecules toward the two enzyme isoforms, we analyzed the activity of a series of etoposide-polyamine hybrids toward human topoisomerase IIα and IIβ. All of the compounds displayed an ability to induce enzyme-mediated DNA cleavage that was comparable to or higher than that of etoposide. Relative to the parent drug, the hybrid compounds displayed substantially higher activity toward topoisomerase IIβ than IIα. Modeling studies suggest that the enhanced specificity may result from interactions with Gln778 in topoisomerase IIβ. The corresponding residue in the α isoform is a methionine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria A Oviatt
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA
| | - Jissy A Kuriappan
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Elirosa Minniti
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy; Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Kendra R Vann
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA
| | - Princess Onuorah
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA
| | - Anna Minarini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco De Vivo
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
| | - Neil Osheroff
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA; Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-6307, USA; VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
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15
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Novel xanthone-polyamine conjugates as catalytic inhibitors of human topoisomerase IIα. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4687-4693. [PMID: 28919339 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
It has been proposed that xanthone derivatives with anticancer potential act as topoisomerase II inhibitors because they interfere with the ability of the enzyme to bind its ATP cofactor. In order to further characterize xanthone mechanism and generate compounds with potential as anticancer drugs, we synthesized a series of derivatives in which position 3 was substituted with different polyamine chains. As determined by DNA relaxation and decatenation assays, the resulting compounds are potent topoisomerase IIα inhibitors. Although xanthone derivatives inhibit topoisomerase IIα-catalyzed ATP hydrolysis, mechanistic studies indicate that they do not act at the ATPase site. Rather, they appear to function by blocking the ability of DNA to stimulate ATP hydrolysis. On the basis of activity, competition, and modeling studies, we propose that xanthones interact with the DNA cleavage/ligation active site of topoisomerase IIα and inhibit the catalytic activity of the enzyme by interfering with the DNA strand passage step.
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16
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Bombarde O, Larminat F, Gomez D, Frit P, Racca C, Gomes B, Guilbaud N, Calsou P. The DNA-Binding Polyamine Moiety in the Vectorized DNA Topoisomerase II Inhibitor F14512 Alters Reparability of the Consequent Enzyme-Linked DNA Double-Strand Breaks. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:2166-2177. [PMID: 28611105 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Poisons of topoisomerase II (TOP2) kill cancer cells by preventing religation of intermediate DNA breaks during the enzymatic process and thus by accumulating enzyme-drug-DNA complexes called TOP2 cleavage-complex (TOP2cc). F14512 is a highly cytotoxic polyamine-vectorized TOP2 inhibitor derived from etoposide and currently in clinical trials. It was shown in vitro that F14512 has acquired DNA-binding properties and that the stability of TOP2cc was strongly increased. Paradoxically, at equitoxic concentrations in cells, F14512 induced less DNA breaks than etoposide. Here, we directly compared etoposide and F14512 for their rates of TOP2cc production and resolution in human cells. We report that targeting of TOP2α and not TOP2β impacts cell killing by F14512, contrary to etoposide that kills cells through targeting both isoforms. Then, we show that despite being more cytotoxic, F14512 is less efficient than etoposide at producing TOP2α cleavage-complex (TOP2αcc) in cells. Finally, we report that compared with TOP2αcc mediated by etoposide, those generated by F14512 persist longer in the genome, are not dependent on TDP2 for cleaning break ends from TOP2α, are channeled to a larger extent to resection-based repair processes relying on CtIP and BRCA1 and promote RAD51 recruitment to damaged chromatin. In addition to the addressing of F14512 to the polyamine transport system, the properties uncovered here would be particularly valuable for a therapeutic usage of this new anticancer compound. More generally, the concept of increasing drug cytotoxicity by switching the repair mode of the induced DNA lesions via addition of a DNA-binding moiety deserves further developments. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(10); 2166-77. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriane Bombarde
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Florence Larminat
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Dennis Gomez
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Frit
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Carine Racca
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Gomes
- Pierre Fabre Research Institute, CRDPF, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | | | - Patrick Calsou
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France. .,Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2013
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17
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Boyé P, Serres F, Marescaux L, Hordeaux J, Bouchaert E, Gomes B, Tierny D. Dose escalation study to evaluate safety, tolerability and efficacy of intravenous etoposide phosphate administration in 27 dogs with multicentric lymphoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177486. [PMID: 28505195 PMCID: PMC5432161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparative oncology has shown that naturally occurring canine cancers are of valuable and translatable interest for the understanding of human cancer biology and the characterization of new therapies. This work was part of a comparative oncology project assessing a new, clinical-stage topoisomerase II inhibitor and comparing it with etoposide in dogs with spontaneous lymphoma with the objective to translate findings from dogs to humans. Etoposide is a topoisomerase II inhibitor widely used in various humans' solid and hematopoietic cancer, but little data is available concerning its potential antitumor efficacy in dogs. Etoposide phosphate is a water-soluble prodrug of etoposide which is expected to be better tolerated in dogs. The objectives of this study were to assess the safety, the tolerability and the efficacy of intravenous etoposide phosphate in dogs with multicentric lymphoma. Seven dose levels were evaluated in a traditional 3+3 phase I design. Twenty-seven owned-dogs with high-grade multicentric lymphoma were enrolled and treated with three cycles of etoposide phosphate IV injections every 2 weeks. Adverse effects were graded according to the Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group criteria. A complete end-staging was realized 45 days after inclusion. The maximal tolerated dose was 300 mg/m2. At this dose level, the overall response rate was 83.3% (n = 6, 3 PR and 2 CR). Only a moderate reversible gastrointestinal toxicity, no severe myelotoxicity and no hypersensitivity reaction were reported at this dose level. Beyond the characterization of etoposide clinical efficacy in dogs, this study underlined the clinical and therapeutic homologies between dog and human lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Boyé
- Oncovet-Clinical-Research (OCR), SIRIC ONCOLille, Parc Eurasanté, Loos, France
- Oncovet, SIRIC ONCOLille, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - François Serres
- Oncovet-Clinical-Research (OCR), SIRIC ONCOLille, Parc Eurasanté, Loos, France
- Oncovet, SIRIC ONCOLille, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | | | - Juliette Hordeaux
- Oncovet-Clinical-Research (OCR), SIRIC ONCOLille, Parc Eurasanté, Loos, France
| | - Emmanuel Bouchaert
- Oncovet-Clinical-Research (OCR), SIRIC ONCOLille, Parc Eurasanté, Loos, France
| | - Bruno Gomes
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France
| | - Dominique Tierny
- Oncovet-Clinical-Research (OCR), SIRIC ONCOLille, Parc Eurasanté, Loos, France
- Oncovet, SIRIC ONCOLille, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
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18
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19
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Gibson EG, King MM, Mercer SL, Deweese JE. Two-Mechanism Model for the Interaction of Etoposide Quinone with Topoisomerase IIα. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:1541-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G. Gibson
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lipscomb University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, One University Park Drive, Nashville, Tennessee 37204-3951, United States
| | - McKenzie M. King
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lipscomb University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, One University Park Drive, Nashville, Tennessee 37204-3951, United States
| | - Susan L. Mercer
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lipscomb University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, One University Park Drive, Nashville, Tennessee 37204-3951, United States
| | - Joseph E. Deweese
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lipscomb University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, One University Park Drive, Nashville, Tennessee 37204-3951, United States
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20
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Vann KR, Ekiz G, Zencir S, Bedir E, Topcu Z, Osheroff N. Effects of Secondary Metabolites from the Fungus Septofusidium berolinense on DNA Cleavage Mediated by Human Topoisomerase IIα. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:415-20. [PMID: 26894873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Two metabolites from the ascomycete fungus Septofusidium berolinense were recently identified as having antineoplastic activity [Ekiz et al. (2015) J. Antibiot. , DOI: 10.1038/ja.2015.84]. However, the basis for this activity is not known. One of the compounds [3,6-dihydroxy-2-propylbenzaldehyde (GE-1)] is a hydroquinone, and the other [2-hydroxymethyl-3-propylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (GE-2)] is a quinone. Because some hydroquinones and quinones act as topoisomerase II poisons, the effects of GE-1 and GE-2 on DNA cleavage mediated by human topoisomerase IIα were assessed. GE-2 enhanced DNA cleavage ∼4-fold and induced scission with a site specificity similar to that of the anticancer drug etoposide. Similar to other quinone-based topoisomerase II poisons, GE-2 displayed several hallmark characteristics of covalent topoisomerase II poisons, including (1) the inability to poison a topoisomerase IIα construct that lacks the N-terminal domain, (2) the inhibition of DNA cleavage when the compound was incubated with the enzyme prior to the addition of plasmid, and (3) the loss of poisoning activity in the presence of a reducing agent. In contrast to GE-2, GE-1 did not enhance DNA cleavage mediated by topoisomerase IIα except at very high concentrations. However, the activity and potency of the metabolite were dramatically enhanced under oxidizing conditions. These results suggest that topoisomerase IIα may play a role in mediating the cytotoxic effects of these fungal metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sevil Zencir
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University , 20070 Denizli, Turkey
| | | | | | - Neil Osheroff
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System , Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
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21
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Crystal structure and stability of gyrase-fluoroquinolone cleaved complexes from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:1706-13. [PMID: 26792525 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1525047113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infects one-third of the world's population and in 2013 accounted for 1.5 million deaths. Fluoroquinolone antibacterials, which target DNA gyrase, are critical agents used to halt the progression from multidrug-resistant tuberculosis to extensively resistant disease; however, fluoroquinolone resistance is emerging and new ways to bypass resistance are required. To better explain known differences in fluoroquinolone action, the crystal structures of the WT Mtb DNA gyrase cleavage core and a fluoroquinolone-sensitized mutant were determined in complex with DNA and five fluoroquinolones. The structures, ranging from 2.4- to 2.6-Å resolution, show that the intrinsically low susceptibility of Mtb to fluoroquinolones correlates with a reduction in contacts to the water shell of an associated magnesium ion, which bridges fluoroquinolone-gyrase interactions. Surprisingly, the structural data revealed few differences in fluoroquinolone-enzyme contacts from drugs that have very different activities against Mtb. By contrast, a stability assay using purified components showed a clear relationship between ternary complex reversibility and inhibitory activities reported with cultured cells. Collectively, our data indicate that the stability of fluoroquinolone/DNA interactions is a major determinant of fluoroquinolone activity and that moieties that have been appended to the C7 position of different quinolone scaffolds do not take advantage of specific contacts that might be made with the enzyme. These concepts point to new approaches for developing quinolone-class compounds that have increased potency against Mtb and the ability to overcome resistance.
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22
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Fluoroquinolone interactions with Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrase: Enhancing drug activity against wild-type and resistant gyrase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E839-46. [PMID: 26792518 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1525055113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a significant source of global morbidity and mortality. Moxifloxacin and other fluoroquinolones are important therapeutic agents for the treatment of tuberculosis, particularly multidrug-resistant infections. To guide the development of new quinolone-based agents, it is critical to understand the basis of drug action against M. tuberculosis gyrase and how mutations in the enzyme cause resistance. Therefore, we characterized interactions of fluoroquinolones and related drugs with WT gyrase and enzymes carrying mutations at GyrA(A90) and GyrA(D94). M. tuberculosis gyrase lacks a conserved serine that anchors a water-metal ion bridge that is critical for quinolone interactions with other bacterial type II topoisomerases. Despite the fact that the serine is replaced by an alanine (i.e., GyrA(A90)) in M. tuberculosis gyrase, the bridge still forms and plays a functional role in mediating quinolone-gyrase interactions. Clinically relevant mutations at GyrA(A90) and GyrA(D94) cause quinolone resistance by disrupting the bridge-enzyme interaction, thereby decreasing drug affinity. Fluoroquinolone activity against WT and resistant enzymes is enhanced by the introduction of specific groups at the C7 and C8 positions. By dissecting fluoroquinolone-enzyme interactions, we determined that an 8-methyl-moxifloxacin derivative induces high levels of stable cleavage complexes with WT gyrase and two common resistant enzymes, GyrA(A90V) and GyrA(D94G). 8-Methyl-moxifloxacin was more potent than moxifloxacin against WT M. tuberculosis gyrase and displayed higher activity against the mutant enzymes than moxifloxacin did against WT gyrase. This chemical biology approach to defining drug-enzyme interactions has the potential to identify novel drugs with improved activity against tuberculosis.
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23
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Chan PF, Srikannathasan V, Huang J, Cui H, Fosberry AP, Gu M, Hann MM, Hibbs M, Homes P, Ingraham K, Pizzollo J, Shen C, Shillings AJ, Spitzfaden CE, Tanner R, Theobald AJ, Stavenger RA, Bax BD, Gwynn MN. Structural basis of DNA gyrase inhibition by antibacterial QPT-1, anticancer drug etoposide and moxifloxacin. Nat Commun 2015; 6:10048. [PMID: 26640131 PMCID: PMC4686662 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
New antibacterials are needed to tackle antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Type IIA topoisomerases (topo2As), the targets of fluoroquinolones, regulate DNA topology by creating transient double-strand DNA breaks. Here we report the first co-crystal structures of the antibacterial QPT-1 and the anticancer drug etoposide with Staphylococcus aureus DNA gyrase, showing binding at the same sites in the cleaved DNA as the fluoroquinolone moxifloxacin. Unlike moxifloxacin, QPT-1 and etoposide interact with conserved GyrB TOPRIM residues rationalizing why QPT-1 can overcome fluoroquinolone resistance. Our data show etoposide's antibacterial activity is due to DNA gyrase inhibition and suggests other anticancer agents act similarly. Analysis of multiple DNA gyrase co-crystal structures, including asymmetric cleavage complexes, led to a ‘pair of swing-doors' hypothesis in which the movement of one DNA segment regulates cleavage and religation of the second DNA duplex. This mechanism can explain QPT-1's bacterial specificity. Structure-based strategies for developing topo2A antibacterials are suggested. Type IIA topoisomerases (topo2As) create transient double-strand DNA breaks. Here, the authors report structures showing how QPT-1 binds in the DNA/topo2A complex at the same site as the fluoroquinolone moxifloxacin, and discuss the potential for developing new classes of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan F Chan
- Antibacterial Discovery Performance Unit, Infectious Diseases, Therapy Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426-0989, USA
| | - Velupillai Srikannathasan
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Jianzhong Huang
- Antibacterial Discovery Performance Unit, Infectious Diseases, Therapy Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426-0989, USA
| | - Haifeng Cui
- Antibacterial Discovery Performance Unit, Infectious Diseases, Therapy Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426-0989, USA
| | - Andrew P Fosberry
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Minghua Gu
- Antibacterial Discovery Performance Unit, Infectious Diseases, Therapy Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426-0989, USA
| | - Michael M Hann
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Martin Hibbs
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Paul Homes
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Karen Ingraham
- Antibacterial Discovery Performance Unit, Infectious Diseases, Therapy Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426-0989, USA
| | - Jason Pizzollo
- Antibacterial Discovery Performance Unit, Infectious Diseases, Therapy Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426-0989, USA
| | - Carol Shen
- Antibacterial Discovery Performance Unit, Infectious Diseases, Therapy Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426-0989, USA
| | - Anthony J Shillings
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Claus E Spitzfaden
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Robert Tanner
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Andrew J Theobald
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Robert A Stavenger
- Antibacterial Discovery Performance Unit, Infectious Diseases, Therapy Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426-0989, USA
| | - Benjamin D Bax
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Michael N Gwynn
- Antibacterial Discovery Performance Unit, Infectious Diseases, Therapy Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426-0989, USA
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24
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Thibault B, Clement E, Zorza G, Meignan S, Delord JP, Couderc B, Bailly C, Narducci F, Vandenberghe I, Kruczynski A, Guilbaud N, Ferré P, Annereau JP. F14512, a polyamine-vectorized inhibitor of topoisomerase II, exhibits a marked anti-tumor activity in ovarian cancer. Cancer Lett 2015; 370:10-8. [PMID: 26404751 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer is the fourth cause of death among cancer-bearing women and frequently associated with carboplatin resistance, underlining the need for more efficient and targeted therapies. F14512 is an epipodophylotoxin-core linked to a spermine chain which enters cells via the polyamine transport system (PTS). Here, we investigate this novel concept of vectorization in ovarian cancer. We compared the effects of etoposide and F14512 on a panel of five carboplatin-sensitive or resistant ovarian cancer models. We assessed the incorporation of F17073, a spermine-linked fluorescent probe, in these cells and in 18 clinical samples. We then showed that F14512 exhibits a high anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity, particularly in cells with high levels of F17073 incorporation. Consistently, F14512 significantly inhibited tumor growth compared to etoposide, in a cisplatin-resistant A2780R subcutaneous model, at a dose of 1.25 mg/kg. In addition, ex vivo analysis indicated that 15 out of 18 patients presented a higher F17073 incorporation into tumor cells compared to normal cells. Overall, our data suggest that F14512, a targeted drug with a potent anti-tumor efficacy, constitutes a potential new therapy for highly PTS-positive and platinum-resistant ovarian cancer-bearing patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Thibault
- EA4553, IUCT-Oncopole, 1 avenue Irène Joliot-Curie, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Emily Clement
- EA4553, IUCT-Oncopole, 1 avenue Irène Joliot-Curie, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Grégoire Zorza
- Centre de recherche et développement Pierre Fabre, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, 31562 Toulouse, France
| | - Samuel Meignan
- Centre Oscar Lambret, INSERM, 3 rue Frédéric Combemale, 9000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Delord
- EA4553, IUCT-Oncopole, 1 avenue Irène Joliot-Curie, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Bettina Couderc
- EA4553, IUCT-Oncopole, 1 avenue Irène Joliot-Curie, 31059 Toulouse, France.
| | - Christian Bailly
- Centre de recherche et développement Pierre Fabre, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, 31562 Toulouse, France
| | - Fabrice Narducci
- Centre Oscar Lambret, INSERM, 3 rue Frédéric Combemale, 9000 Lille, France
| | - Isabelle Vandenberghe
- Centre de recherche et développement Pierre Fabre, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, 31562 Toulouse, France
| | - Anna Kruczynski
- Centre de recherche et développement Pierre Fabre, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, 31562 Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Guilbaud
- Centre de recherche et développement Pierre Fabre, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, 31562 Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Ferré
- Centre de recherche et développement Pierre Fabre, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, 31562 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Annereau
- Centre de recherche et développement Pierre Fabre, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, 31562 Toulouse, France
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25
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Palermo G, Minniti E, Greco ML, Riccardi L, Simoni E, Convertino M, Marchetti C, Rosini M, Sissi C, Minarini A, De Vivo M. An optimized polyamine moiety boosts the potency of human type II topoisomerase poisons as quantified by comparative analysis centered on the clinical candidate F14512. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:14310-3. [PMID: 26234198 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05065k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Combined computational-experimental analyses explain and quantify the spermine-vectorized F14512's boosted potency as a topoII poison. We found that an optimized polyamine moiety boosts drug binding to the topoII/DNA cleavage complex, rather than to the DNA alone. These results provide new structural bases and key reference data for designing new human topoII poisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Palermo
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy.
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26
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Tierny D, Serres F, Segaoula Z, Bemelmans I, Bouchaert E, Pétain A, Brel V, Couffin S, Marchal T, Nguyen L, Thuru X, Ferré P, Guilbaud N, Gomes B. Phase I Clinical Pharmacology Study of F14512, a New Polyamine-Vectorized Anticancer Drug, in Naturally Occurring Canine Lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:5314-23. [PMID: 26169968 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-3174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE F14512 is a new topoisomerase II inhibitor containing a spermine moiety that facilitates selective uptake by tumor cells and increases topoisomerase II poisoning. F14512 is currently in a phase I/II clinical trial in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. The aim of this study was to investigate F14512 potential in a new clinical indication. Because of the many similarities between human and dog lymphomas, we sought to determine the tolerance, efficacy, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationship of F14512 in this indication, and potential biomarkers that could be translated into human trials. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Twenty-three dogs with stage III-IV naturally occurring lymphomas were enrolled in the phase I dose-escalation trial, which consisted of three cycles of F14512 i.v. injections. Endpoints included safety and therapeutic efficacy. Serial blood samples and tumor biopsies were obtained for PK/PD and biomarker studies. RESULTS Five dose levels were evaluated to determine the recommended dose. F14512 was well tolerated, with the expected dose-dependent hematologic toxicity. F14512 induced an early decrease of tumoral lymph node cells, and a high response rate of 91% (21/23) with 10 complete responses, 11 partial responses, 1 stable disease, and 1 progressive disease. Phosphorylation of histone H2AX was studied as a potential PD biomarker of F14512. CONCLUSIONS This trial demonstrated that F14512 can be safely administered to dogs with lymphoma resulting in strong therapeutic efficacy. Additional evaluation of F14512 is needed to compare its efficacy with standards of care in dogs, and to translate biomarker and efficacy findings into clinical trials in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Tierny
- Oncovet Clinical Research, SIRIC ONCOLille, Avenue Paul Langevin, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - François Serres
- Oncovet Clinical Research, SIRIC ONCOLille, Avenue Paul Langevin, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Zacharie Segaoula
- Oncovet Clinical Research, SIRIC ONCOLille, Avenue Paul Langevin, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France. Inserm, UMR-S1172, Jean Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Lille, France. Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Ingrid Bemelmans
- Oncovet Clinical Research, SIRIC ONCOLille, Avenue Paul Langevin, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Emmanuel Bouchaert
- Oncovet Clinical Research, SIRIC ONCOLille, Avenue Paul Langevin, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Aurélie Pétain
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Oncology Pharmacokinetics, Toulouse, France
| | - Viviane Brel
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Experimental Oncology Research Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphane Couffin
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Pharmacokinetics, Bel Air de Campans, Castres, France
| | - Thierry Marchal
- UPSP 2011-03-101, Interaction Cellules Environnement, Campus Vétérinaire de VetAgro-Sup, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Laurent Nguyen
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Oncology Pharmacokinetics, Toulouse, France
| | - Xavier Thuru
- Inserm, UMR-S1172, Jean Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Lille, France. Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Pierre Ferré
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Oncology Pharmacokinetics, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Guilbaud
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Experimental Oncology Research Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Gomes
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Experimental Oncology Research Center, Toulouse, France.
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Vann KR, Sedgeman CA, Gopas J, Golan-Goldhirsh A, Osheroff N. Effects of Olive Metabolites on DNA Cleavage Mediated by Human Type II Topoisomerases. Biochemistry 2015; 54:4531-41. [PMID: 26132160 PMCID: PMC4520624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Several
naturally occurring dietary polyphenols with chemopreventive
or anticancer properties are topoisomerase II poisons. To identify
additional phytochemicals that enhance topoisomerase II-mediated DNA
cleavage, a library of 341 Mediterranean plant extracts was screened
for activity against human topoisomerase IIα. An extract from Phillyrea latifolia L., a member of the olive tree family,
displayed high activity against the human enzyme. On the basis of
previous metabolomics studies, we identified several polyphenols (hydroxytyrosol,
oleuropein, verbascoside, tyrosol, and caffeic acid) as potential
candidates for topoisomerase II poisons. Of these, hydroxytyrosol,
oleuropein, and verbascoside enhanced topoisomerase II-mediated DNA
cleavage. The potency of these olive metabolites increased 10–100-fold
in the presence of an oxidant. Hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, and verbascoside
displayed hallmark characteristics of covalent topoisomerase II poisons.
(1) The activity of the metabolites was abrogated by a reducing agent.
(2) Compounds inhibited topoisomerase II activity when they were incubated
with the enzyme prior to the addition of DNA. (3) Compounds were unable
to poison a topoisomerase IIα construct that lacked the N-terminal
domain. Because hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, and verbascoside are broadly
distributed across the olive family, extracts from the leaves, bark,
and fruit of 11 olive tree species were tested for activity against
human topoisomerase IIα. Several of the extracts enhanced enzyme-mediated
DNA cleavage. Finally, a commercial olive leaf supplement and extra
virgin olive oils pressed from a variety of Olea europea subspecies enhanced DNA cleavage mediated by topoisomerase IIα.
Thus, olive metabolites appear to act as topoisomerase II poisons
in complex formulations intended for human dietary consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jacob Gopas
- ∥Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.,⊥Department of Oncology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Avi Golan-Goldhirsh
- @The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research (BIDR), French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Beer Sheva 84990, Israel
| | - Neil Osheroff
- §VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
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Structure-based design, synthesis and biological testing of piperazine-linked bis-epipodophyllotoxin etoposide analogs. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:3542-51. [PMID: 25922181 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Drugs that target DNA topoisomerase II, such as the epipodophyllotoxin etoposide, are a clinically important class of anticancer agents. A recently published X-ray structure of a ternary complex of etoposide, cleaved DNA and topoisomerase IIβ showed that the two intercalated etoposide molecules in the complex were separated by four DNA base pairs. Thus, using a structure-based design approach, a series of bis-epipodophyllotoxin etoposide analogs with piperazine-containing linkers was designed to simultaneously bind to these two sites. It was hypothesized that two-site binding would produce a more stable cleavage complex, and a more potent anticancer drug. The most potent bis-epipodophyllotoxin, which was 10-fold more growth inhibitory toward human erythroleukemic K562 cells than etoposide, contained a linker with eight methylene groups. All of the mono- and bis-epipodophyllotoxins, in a variety of assays, showed strong evidence that they targeted topoisomerase II. COMPARE analysis of NCI 60-cell GI50 endpoint data was also consistent with these compounds targeting topoisomerase II.
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29
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Aldred KJ, Schwanz HA, Li G, Williamson BH, McPherson SA, Turnbough CL, Kerns RJ, Osheroff N. Activity of quinolone CP-115,955 against bacterial and human type II topoisomerases is mediated by different interactions. Biochemistry 2015; 54:1278-86. [PMID: 25586498 DOI: 10.1021/bi501073v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CP-115,955 is a quinolone with a 4-hydroxyphenyl at C7 that displays high activity against both bacterial and human type II topoisomerases. To determine the basis for quinolone cross-reactivity between bacterial and human enzymes, the activity of CP-115,955 and a series of related quinolones and quinazolinediones against Bacillus anthracis topoisomerase IV and human topoisomerase IIα was analyzed. Results indicate that the activity of CP-115,955 against the bacterial and human enzymes is mediated by different interactions. On the basis of the decreased activity of quinazolinediones against wild-type and resistant mutant topoisomerase IV and the low activity of quinolones against resistant mutant enzymes, it appears that the primary interaction of CP-115,955 with the bacterial system is mediated through the C3/C4 keto acid and the water-metal ion bridge. In contrast, the drug interacts with the human enzyme primarily through the C7 4-hydroxyphenyl ring and has no requirement for a substituent at C8 in order to attain high activity. Despite the fact that the human type II enzyme is unable to utilize the water-metal ion bridge, quinolones in the CP-115,955 series display higher activity against topoisomerase IIα in vitro and in cultured human cells than the corresponding quinazolinediones. Thus, quinolones may be a viable platform for the development of novel drugs with anticancer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie J Aldred
- Department of Biochemistry and ⊥Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
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30
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Chamani E, Rabbani-Chadegani A, Zahraei Z. Spectroscopic detection of etoposide binding to chromatin components: the role of histone proteins. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 133:292-299. [PMID: 24954753 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin has been introduced as a main target for most anticancer drugs. Etoposide is known as a topoisomerase II inhibitor, but its effect on chromatin components is unknown. This report, for the first time, describes the effect of etoposide on DNA, histones and DNA-histones complex in the structure of nucleosomes employing thermal denaturation, fluorescence, UV absorbance and circular dichroism spectroscopy techniques. The results showed that the binding of etoposide decreased UV absorbance and fluorescence emission intensity, altered secondary structure of chromatin and hypochromicity was occurred in thermal denaturation profiles. The drug exhibited higher affinity to chromatin compared to DNA. Quenching of drug chromophores with tyrosine residues of histones indicated that globular domain of histones is the site of etoposide binding. Moreover, the binding of etoposide to histones altered their secondary structure accompanied with hypochromicity revealing compaction of histones in the presence of the drug. From the results it is concludes that apart from topoisomerase II, chromatin components especially its protein moiety can be introduced as a new site of etoposide binding and histone proteins especially H1 play a fundamental role in this process and anticancer activity of etoposide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Chamani
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azra Rabbani-Chadegani
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zohreh Zahraei
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
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31
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Bacillus anthracis GrlAV96A topoisomerase IV, a quinolone resistance mutation that does not affect the water-metal ion bridge. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:7182-7. [PMID: 25246407 DOI: 10.1128/aac.03734-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise in quinolone resistance is threatening the clinical use of this important class of broad-spectrum antibacterials. Quinolones kill bacteria by increasing the level of DNA strand breaks generated by the type II topoisomerases gyrase and topoisomerase IV. Most commonly, resistance is caused by mutations in the serine and acidic amino acid residues that anchor a water-metal ion bridge that facilitates quinolone-enzyme interactions. Although other mutations in gyrase and topoisomerase IV have been reported in quinolone-resistant strains, little is known regarding their contributions to cellular quinolone resistance. To address this issue, we characterized the effects of the V96A mutation in the A subunit of Bacillus anthracis topoisomerase IV on quinolone activity. The results indicate that this mutation causes an ∼ 3-fold decrease in quinolone potency and reduces the stability of covalent topoisomerase IV-cleaved DNA complexes. However, based on metal ion usage, the V96A mutation does not disrupt the function of the water-metal ion bridge. A similar level of resistance to quinazolinediones (which do not use the bridge) was seen. V96A is the first topoisomerase IV mutation distal to the water-metal ion bridge demonstrated to decrease quinolone activity. It also represents the first A subunit mutation reported to cause resistance to quinazolinediones. This cross-resistance suggests that the V96A change has a global effect on the structure of the drug-binding pocket of topoisomerase IV.
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32
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Structure-based design, synthesis and biological testing of etoposide analog epipodophyllotoxin-N-mustard hybrid compounds designed to covalently bind to topoisomerase II and DNA. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:5935-49. [PMID: 25282653 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Drugs that target DNA topoisomerase II isoforms and alkylate DNA represent two mechanistically distinct and clinically important classes of anticancer drugs. Guided by molecular modeling and docking a series of etoposide analog epipodophyllotoxin-N-mustard hybrid compounds were designed, synthesized and biologically characterized. These hybrids were designed to alkylate nucleophilic protein residues on topoisomerase II and thus produce inactive covalent adducts and to also alkylate DNA. The most potent hybrid had a mean GI(50) in the NCI-60 cell screen 17-fold lower than etoposide. Using a variety of in vitro and cell-based assays all of the hybrids tested were shown to target topoisomerase II. A COMPARE analysis indicated that the hybrids had NCI 60-cell growth inhibition profiles matching both etoposide and the N-mustard compounds from which they were derived. These results supported the conclusion that the hybrids displayed characteristics that were consistent with having targeted both topoisomerase II and DNA.
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33
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Aldred KJ, Breland EJ, Vlčková V, Strub MP, Neuman KC, Kerns RJ, Osheroff N. Role of the water-metal ion bridge in mediating interactions between quinolones and Escherichia coli topoisomerase IV. Biochemistry 2014; 53:5558-67. [PMID: 25115926 PMCID: PMC4151693 DOI: 10.1021/bi500682e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Although
quinolones have been in clinical use for decades, the
mechanism underlying drug activity and resistance has remained elusive.
However, recent studies indicate that clinically relevant quinolones
interact with Bacillus anthracis (Gram-positive)
topoisomerase IV through a critical water–metal ion bridge
and that the most common quinolone resistance mutations decrease drug
activity by disrupting this bridge. As a first step toward determining
whether the water–metal ion bridge is a general mechanism of
quinolone–topoisomerase interaction, we characterized drug
interactions with wild-type Escherichia coli (Gram-negative)
topoisomerase IV and a series of ParC enzymes with mutations (S80L,
S80I, S80F, and E84K) in the predicted bridge-anchoring residues.
Results strongly suggest that the water–metal ion bridge is
essential for quinolone activity against E. coli topoisomerase
IV. Although the bridge represents a common and critical mechanism
that underlies broad-spectrum quinolone function, it appears to play
different roles in B. anthracis and E. coli topoisomerase IV. The water–metal ion bridge is the most
important binding contact of clinically relevant quinolones with the
Gram-positive enzyme. However, it primarily acts to properly align
clinically relevant quinolones with E. coli topoisomerase
IV. Finally, even though ciprofloxacin is unable to increase levels
of DNA cleavage mediated by several of the Ser80 and Glu84 mutant E. coli enzymes, the drug still retains the ability to inhibit
the overall catalytic activity of these topoisomerase IV proteins.
Inhibition parallels drug binding, suggesting that the presence of
the drug in the active site is sufficient to diminish DNA relaxation
rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie J Aldred
- Department of Biochemistry and ‡Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
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34
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Leblond P, Boulet E, Bal-Mahieu C, Pillon A, Kruczynski A, Guilbaud N, Bailly C, Sarrazin T, Lartigau E, Lansiaux A, Meignan S. Activity of the polyamine-vectorized anti-cancer drug F14512 against pediatric glioma and neuroblastoma cell lines. Invest New Drugs 2014; 32:883-92. [PMID: 25008900 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-014-0132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The poor prognosis of children with high-grade glioma (HGG) and high-risk neuroblastoma, despite multidisciplinary therapeutic approaches, demands new treatments for these indications. F14512 is a topoisomerase II inhibitor containing a spermine moiety that facilitates selective uptake by tumor cells via the Polyamine Transport System (PTS) and increases topoisomerase II poisoning. Here, F14512 was evaluated in pediatric HGG and neuroblastoma cell lines. PTS activity and specificity were evaluated using a fluorescent spermine-coupled probe. The cytotoxicity of F14512, alone or in combination with ionizing radiation and chemotherapeutic agents, was investigated in vitro. The antitumor activity of F14512 was assessed in vivo using a liver-metastatic model of neuroblastoma. An active PTS was evidenced in all tested cell lines, providing a specific and rapid transfer of spermine-coupled compounds into cell nuclei. Competition experiments confirmed the essential role of PTS in the cell uptake and cytotoxicity of F14512. This cytotoxicity appeared greater in neuroblastoma cells compared with HGG cells but appeared independent of PTS activity levels. In vivo evaluation confirmed a marked and prolonged antitumoral effect in neuroblastoma cells. The combinations of F14512 with cisplatin and carboplatin were often found to be synergistic, and we demonstrated the significant radiosensitizing potential of F14512 in the MYCN-amplified Kelly cell line. Thus, F14512 appears more effective than etoposide in pediatric tumor cell lines, with greater efficacy in neuroblastoma cells compared with HGG cells. The synergistic effects observed with platinum compounds and the radiosensitizing effect could lead to a clinical development of the drug in pediatric oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Leblond
- Pediatric oncology unit, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France
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35
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Design and synthesis of the novel DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors: Esterification and amination substituted 4′-demethylepipodophyllotoxin derivates exhibiting anti-tumor activity by activating ATM/ATR signaling pathways. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 80:267-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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36
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Ashley RE, Osheroff N. Natural products as topoisomerase II poisons: effects of thymoquinone on DNA cleavage mediated by human topoisomerase IIα. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:787-93. [PMID: 24650156 PMCID: PMC4033629 DOI: 10.1021/tx400453v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The
seeds of Nigella sativa (often
referred to as black seed) have long been utilized as a medicinal
herb in Middle Eastern, Northern African, and Indian cultures. Historically,
black seed has been used to treat a variety of illnesses associated
with inflammation. More recent studies have found that it induces
apoptosis and displays anticancer activity in animal and cellular
models. The major bioactive compound of black seed is thymoquinone,
which shares structural features with 1,4-benzoquinone and other covalent
topoisomerase II poisons. Because a number of anticancer drugs target
type II topoisomerases, we determined the effects of thymoquinone
and a series of related quinones on human topoisomerase IIα.
Thymoquinone enhanced enzyme-mediated DNA cleavage ∼5-fold,
which is similar to the increase seen with the anticancer drug etoposide.
In order to enhance cleavage, compounds had to have at least two positions
available for acylation. Furthermore, activity was decreased by the
inclusion of electron-donating groups or bulky substituents. As predicted
for a covalent topoisomerase II poison, the activity of thymoquinone
(and related compounds) was abrogated by the addition of a reducing
agent. Also, thymoquinone inhibited topoisomerase IIα activity
when incubated with the enzyme prior to the addition of DNA. Cleavage
complexes formed in the presence of the compound were stable for at
least 8 h. Lastly, black seed extract and black seed oil both increased
levels of enzyme-mediated DNA cleavage, suggesting that thymoquinone
is active even in more complex herbal formulations. These findings
indicate that thymoquinone can be added to the growing list of dietary
and medicinal natural products with activity against human type II
topoisomerases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Ashley
- Departments of †Biochemistry and ‡Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
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Ketron AC, Osheroff N. Phytochemicals as Anticancer and Chemopreventive Topoisomerase II Poisons. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2014; 13:19-35. [PMID: 24678287 PMCID: PMC3963363 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-013-9291-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemicals are a rich source of anticancer drugs and chemopreventive agents. Several of these chemicals appear to exert at least some of their effects through interactions with topoisomerase II, an essential enzyme that regulates DNA supercoiling and removes knots and tangles from the genome. Topoisomerase II-active phytochemicals function by stabilizing covalent protein-cleaved DNA complexes that are intermediates in the catalytic cycle of the enzyme. As a result, these compounds convert topoisomerase II to a cellular toxin that fragments the genome. Because of their mode of action, they are referred to as topoisomerase II poisons as opposed to catalytic inhibitors. The first sections of this article discuss DNA topology, the catalytic cycle of topoisomerase II, and the two mechanisms (interfacial vs. covalent) by which different classes of topoisomerase II poisons alter enzyme activity. Subsequent sections discuss the effects of several phytochemicals on the type II enzyme, including demethyl-epipodophyllotoxins (semisynthetic anticancer drugs) as well as flavones, flavonols, isoflavones, catechins, isothiocyanates, and curcumin (dietary chemopreventive agents). Finally, the leukemogenic potential of topoisomerase II-targeted phytochemicals is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C. Ketron
- Department of Biochemistry and the Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232 USA
| | - Neil Osheroff
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine (Hematology/Oncology) and the Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232 USA
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The antitumor drug F14512 enhances cisplatin and ionizing radiation effects in head and neck squamous carcinoma cell lines. Oral Oncol 2013; 50:113-9. [PMID: 24290982 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. The treatment of advanced stages HNSCC is based on surgical treatment combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy or concomitant chemo-radiotherapy. However, the 5-year survival remains poor for advanced stages HNSCC and the development of new targeted therapies is eagerly awaited. F14512 combines an epipodophyllotoxin core-targeting topoisomerase II with a spermine moiety introduced as a cell delivery vector. This spermine moiety facilitates selective uptake by tumor cells via the Polyamine Transport System (PTS) and reinforces topoisomerase II poisoning. Here we report the evaluation of F14512 toward HNSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four cell lines representative of head and neck cancer localizations were used: Fadu (pharynx), SQ20B (larynx), CAL33 and CAL27 (base of the tongue). PTS activity and specificity were evaluated by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry using the fluorescent probe F17073 which contains the same spermine moiety as F14512. Cytotoxicity, alone or in association with standard chemotherapeutic agents (cisplatin, 5FU), and radio-sensitizing effects were investigated using MTS and clonogenic assays, respectively. F14512 efficiency and PTS activity were also measured under hypoxic conditions (1% O2). RESULTS In all 4 tested HNSCC lines, an active PTS was evidenced providing a specific and rapid transfer of spermine-coupled compounds into cell nuclei. Interestingly, F14512 presents a 1.6-11-fold higher cytotoxic effect than the reference compound etoposide (lacking the spermine chain). It appears also more cytotoxic than 5FU and cisplatin in all cell lines. Competition experiments with spermine confirmed the essential role of the PTS in the cell uptake and cytotoxicity of F14512. Hypoxia had almost no impact on the drug cytotoxicity. The combination of F14512 with cisplatin, but not 5FU, was found to be synergistic and, for the first time, we demonstrated the significant radio-sensitizing potential of F14512. CONCLUSION The spermine moiety of F14512 confers a targeted effect and a much better efficacy than etoposide in HNSCC lines. The synergistic effect observed in association with cisplatin and radiotherapy augurs well for the potential development of F14512 in HNSCC.
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F14512, a polyamine-vectorized anti-cancer drug, currently in clinical trials exhibits a marked preclinical anti-leukemic activity. Leukemia 2013; 27:2139-48. [PMID: 23568148 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy remains mainly used for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, in the past 3 decades limited progress has been achieved in improving the long-term disease-free survival. Therefore the development of more effective drugs for AML represents a high level of priority. F14512 combines an epipodophyllotoxin core targeting topoisomerase II with a spermine moiety introduced as a cell delivery vector. The polyamine moiety facilitates F14512 selective uptake by tumour cells via the polyamine transport system, a machinery overactivated in cancer cells. F14512 has been characterized as a potent drug candidate and is currently in Phase I clinical trials. Here, we demonstrated marked survival benefit and therapeutic efficacy of F14512 treatments in a series of human AML models, established either from AML cell lines or from patient AML samples. Furthermore, we reported in vitro synergistic anti-leukemic effects of F14512 in combination with cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), doxorubicin, gemcitabine, bortezomib or SAHA. In vivo combination of suboptimal doses of F14512 with Ara-C also resulted in enhanced anti-leukemic activity. We further showed that F14512 triggered both senescence and apoptosis in vivo in primary AML models, but not autophagy. Overall, these results support the clinical development in onco-hematology of this novel promising drug candidate.
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Aldred KJ, McPherson SA, Turnbough CL, Kerns RJ, Osheroff N. Topoisomerase IV-quinolone interactions are mediated through a water-metal ion bridge: mechanistic basis of quinolone resistance. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:4628-39. [PMID: 23460203 PMCID: PMC3632122 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although quinolones are the most commonly prescribed antibacterials, their use is threatened by an increasing prevalence of resistance. The most common causes of quinolone resistance are mutations of a specific serine or acidic residue in the A subunit of gyrase or topoisomerase IV. These amino acids are proposed to serve as a critical enzyme-quinolone interaction site by anchoring a water-metal ion bridge that coordinates drug binding. To probe the role of the proposed water-metal ion bridge, we characterized wild-type, GrlAE85K, GrlAS81F/E85K, GrlAE85A, GrlAS81F/E85A and GrlAS81FBacillus anthracis topoisomerase IV, their sensitivity to quinolones and related drugs and their use of metal ions. Mutations increased the Mg2+ concentration required to produce maximal quinolone-induced DNA cleavage and restricted the divalent metal ions that could support quinolone activity. Individual mutation of Ser81 or Glu85 partially disrupted bridge function, whereas simultaneous mutation of both residues abrogated protein–quinolone interactions. Results provide functional evidence for the existence of the water-metal ion bridge, confirm that the serine and glutamic acid residues anchor the bridge, demonstrate that the bridge is the primary conduit for interactions between clinically relevant quinolones and topoisomerase IV and provide a likely mechanism for the most common causes of quinolone resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie J Aldred
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA
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GL3, a Novel 4β-Anilino-4'-O-Demethyl-4-Desoxypodophyllotoxin Analog, Traps Topoisomerase II Cleavage Complexes and Exerts Anticancer Activities. Transl Oncol 2013; 6:75-82. [PMID: 23418619 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel VP-16 derivative, 4β-[N -(4‴-acetyloxyl-phenyl-1‴-carbonyl)-4″-aminoanilino]-4'-O-demethyl-4-desoxypodophyllotoxin (GL3), displayed a wide range of cytotoxicity in a panel of human tumor cell lines, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) values ranging from 0.82 to 4.88 µM, much less than that of VP-16 (4.18-39.43 µM). Importantly, GL3 induces more significant apoptosis and cell cycle arrest than VP-16. The molecular and cellular machinery studies showed that GL3 functions as a topoisomerase II (Top 2) poison through direct binding to the enzyme, and the advanced cell-killing activities of GL3 were ascribed to its potent effects on trapping Top 2-DNA cleavage complex, Moreover, GL3-triggered DNA double-strand breaks and apoptotic cell death were in a Top 2-dependent manner, because the catalytic inhibitor aclarubicin attenuated these biologic consequences caused by Top 2 poisoning in GL3-treated cells. Taken together, among a series of 4β-anilino-4'-O-demethyl-4-desoxypodophyllotoxin analog, GL3 stood out by its improved anticancer activity and well-defined Top 2 poisoning mechanisms, which merited the potential value of GL3 as an anticancer lead compound/drug candidate deserving further development.
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The structure of DNA-bound human topoisomerase II alpha: conformational mechanisms for coordinating inter-subunit interactions with DNA cleavage. J Mol Biol 2012; 424:109-24. [PMID: 22841979 PMCID: PMC3584591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2012.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Type II topoisomerases are required for the management of DNA superhelicity and chromosome segregation, and serve as frontline targets for a variety of small-molecule therapeutics. To better understand how these enzymes act in both contexts, we determined the 2.9-Å-resolution structure of the DNA cleavage core of human topoisomerase IIα (TOP2A) bound to a doubly nicked, 30-bp duplex oligonucleotide. In accord with prior biochemical and structural studies, TOP2A significantly bends its DNA substrate using a bipartite, nucleolytic center formed at an N-terminal dimerization interface of the cleavage core. However, the protein also adopts a global conformation in which the second of its two inter-protomer contact points, one at the C-terminus, has separated. This finding, together with comparative structural analyses, reveals that the principal site of DNA engagement undergoes highly quantized conformational transitions between distinct binding, cleavage, and drug-inhibited states that correlate with the control of subunit-subunit interactions. Additional consideration of our TOP2A model in light of an etoposide-inhibited complex of human topoisomerase IIβ (TOP2B) suggests possible modification points for developing paralog-specific inhibitors to overcome the tendency of topoisomerase II-targeting chemotherapeutics to generate secondary malignancies.
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Bailly C. Contemporary challenges in the design of topoisomerase II inhibitors for cancer chemotherapy. Chem Rev 2012; 112:3611-40. [PMID: 22397403 DOI: 10.1021/cr200325f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bailly
- Centre de Recherche et Développement, Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France.
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44
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45
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Aldred KJ, McPherson SA, Wang P, Kerns RJ, Graves DE, Turnbough CL, Osheroff N. Drug interactions with Bacillus anthracis topoisomerase IV: biochemical basis for quinolone action and resistance. Biochemistry 2011; 51:370-81. [PMID: 22126453 DOI: 10.1021/bi2013905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, is considered a serious threat as a bioweapon. The drugs most commonly used to treat anthrax are quinolones, which act by increasing the levels of DNA cleavage mediated by topoisomerase IV and gyrase. Quinolone resistance most often is associated with specific serine mutations in these enzymes. Therefore, to determine the basis for quinolone action and resistance, we characterized wild-type B. anthracis topoisomerase IV, the GrlA(S81F) and GrlA(S81Y) quinolone-resistant mutants, and the effects of quinolones and a related quinazolinedione on these enzymes. Ser81 is believed to anchor a water-Mg(2+) bridge that coordinates quinolones to the enzyme through the C3/C4 keto acid. Consistent with this hypothesized bridge, ciprofloxacin required increased Mg(2+) concentrations to support DNA cleavage by GrlA(S81F) topoisomerase IV. The three enzymes displayed similar catalytic activities in the absence of drugs. However, the resistance mutations decreased the affinity of topoisomerase IV for ciprofloxacin and other quinolones, diminished quinolone-induced inhibition of DNA religation, and reduced the stability of the enzyme-quinolone-DNA ternary complex. Wild-type DNA cleavage levels were generated by mutant enzymes at high quinolone concentrations, suggesting that increased drug potency could overcome resistance. 8-Methyl-quinazoline-2,4-dione, which lacks the quinolone keto acid (and presumably does not require the water-Mg(2+) bridge to mediate protein interactions), was more potent than quinolones against wild-type topoisomerase IV and was equally efficacious. Moreover, it maintained high potency and efficacy against the mutant enzymes, effectively inhibited DNA religation, and formed stable ternary complexes. Our findings provide an underlying biochemical basis for the ability of quinazolinediones to overcome clinically relevant quinolone resistance mutations in bacterial type II topoisomerases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie J Aldred
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
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Cytotoxicity and cell death mechanisms induced by the polyamine-vectorized anti-cancer drug F14512 targeting topoisomerase II. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:1843-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ballot C, Jendoubi M, Kluza J, Jonneaux A, Laine W, Formstecher P, Bailly C, Marchetti P. Regulation by survivin of cancer cell death induced by F14512, a polyamine-containing inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase II. Apoptosis 2011; 17:364-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-011-0681-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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48
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Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a novel series of bisintercalating DNA-binding piperazine-linked bisanthrapyrazole compounds as anticancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:7023-32. [PMID: 22041173 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A series of bisintercalating DNA binding bisanthrapyrazole compounds containing piperazine linkers were designed by molecular modeling and docking techniques. Because the anthrapyrazoles are not quinones they are unable to be reductively activated like doxorubicin and other anthracyclines and thus they should not be cardiotoxic. The concentration dependent increase in DNA melting temperature was used to determine the strength of DNA binding and the bisintercalation potential of the compounds. Compounds with more than a three-carbon linker that could span four DNA base pairs achieved bisintercalation. All of the bisanthrapyrazoles inhibited human erythroleukemic K562 cell growth in the low to submicromolar concentration range. They also strongly inhibited the decatenation activity of topoisomerase IIα and the relaxation activity of topoisomerase I. However, as measured by their ability to induce double strand breaks in plasmid DNA, the bisanthrapyrazole compounds did not act as topoisomerase IIα poisons. In conclusion, a novel group of bisanthrapyrazole compounds were designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated as potential anticancer agents.
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Chelouah S, Monod-Wissler C, Bailly C, Barret JM, Guilbaud N, Vispé S, Käs E. An integrated Drosophila model system reveals unique properties for F14512, a novel polyamine-containing anticancer drug that targets topoisomerase II. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23597. [PMID: 21853156 PMCID: PMC3154508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
F14512 is a novel anti-tumor molecule based on an epipodophyllotoxin core coupled to a cancer-cell vectoring spermine moiety. This polyamine linkage is assumed to ensure the preferential uptake of F14512 by cancer cells, strong interaction with DNA and potent inhibition of topoisomerase II (Topo II). The antitumor activity of F14512 in human tumor models is significantly higher than that of other epipodophyllotoxins in spite of a lower induction of DNA breakage. Hence, the demonstrated superiority of F14512 over other Topo II poisons might not result solely from its preferential uptake by cancer cells, but could also be due to unique effects on Topo II interactions with DNA. To further dissect the mechanism of action of F14512, we used Drosophila melanogaster mutants whose genetic background leads to an easily scored phenotype that is sensitive to changes in Topo II activity and/or localization. F14512 has antiproliferative properties in Drosophila cells and stabilizes ternary Topo II/DNA cleavable complexes at unique sites located in moderately repeated sequences, suggesting that the drug specifically targets a select and limited subset of genomic sequences. Feeding F14512 to developing mutant Drosophila larvae led to the recovery of flies expressing a striking phenotype, "Eye wide shut," where one eye is replaced by a first thoracic segment. Other recovered F14512-induced gain- and loss-of-function phenotypes similarly correspond to precise genetic dysfunctions. These complex in vivo results obtained in a whole developing organism can be reconciled with known genetic anomalies and constitute a remarkable instance of specific alterations of gene expression by ingestion of a drug. "Drosophila-based anticancer pharmacology" hence reveals unique properties for F14512, demonstrating the usefulness of an assay system that provides a low-cost, rapid and effective complement to mammalian models and permits the elucidation of fundamental mechanisms of action of candidate drugs of therapeutic interest in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Chelouah
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote; Toulouse; France
- CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5099, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, Toulouse, France
| | - Caroline Monod-Wissler
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote; Toulouse; France
- CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5099, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, Toulouse, France
| | - Christian Bailly
- Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Expérimentale, Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Marc Barret
- Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Expérimentale, Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Guilbaud
- Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Expérimentale, Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphane Vispé
- Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Expérimentale, Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France
- * E-mail: (EK); (SV)
| | - Emmanuel Käs
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote; Toulouse; France
- CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5099, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, Toulouse, France
- * E-mail: (EK); (SV)
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Wu CC, Li TK, Farh L, Lin LY, Lin TS, Yu YJ, Yen TJ, Chiang CW, Chan NL. Structural basis of type II topoisomerase inhibition by the anticancer drug etoposide. Science 2011; 333:459-62. [PMID: 21778401 DOI: 10.1126/science.1204117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Type II topoisomerases (TOP2s) resolve the topological problems of DNA by transiently cleaving both strands of a DNA duplex to form a cleavage complex through which another DNA segment can be transported. Several widely prescribed anticancer drugs increase the population of TOP2 cleavage complex, which leads to TOP2-mediated chromosome DNA breakage and death of cancer cells. We present the crystal structure of a large fragment of human TOP2β complexed to DNA and to the anticancer drug etoposide to reveal structural details of drug-induced stabilization of a cleavage complex. The interplay between the protein, the DNA, and the drug explains the structure-activity relations of etoposide derivatives and the molecular basis of drug-resistant mutations. The analysis of protein-drug interactions provides information applicable for developing an isoform-specific TOP2-targeting strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chyuan-Chuan Wu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 100, Taiwan
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