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Lee Y, Kim SH, Jeong H, Kim KH, Jeon D, Cho Y, Lee D, Nam KT. Role of Nox4 in Mitigating Inflammation and Fibrosis in Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 16:411-429. [PMID: 37207801 PMCID: PMC10372905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Fibrosis development in ulcerative colitis is associated directly with the severity of mucosal inflammation, which increases the risk of colorectal cancer. The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway is an important source of tissue fibrogenesis, which is stimulated directly by reactive oxygen species produced from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (NOX). Among members of the NOX family, NOX4 expression is up-regulated in patients with fibrostenotic Crohn's disease (CD) and in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced murine colitis. The aim of this study was to determine whether NOX4 plays a role in fibrogenesis during inflammation in the colon using a mouse model. METHODS Acute and recovery models of colonic inflammation were performed by DSS administration to newly generated Nox4-/- mice. Pathologic analysis of colon tissues was performed, including detection of immune cells, proliferation, and fibrotic and inflammatory markers. RNA sequencing was performed to detect differentially expressed genes between Nox4-/- and wild-type mice in both the untreated and DSS-treated conditions, followed by functional enrichment analysis to explore the molecular mechanisms contributing to pathologic differences during DSS-induced colitis and after recovery. RESULTS Nox4-/- mice showed increased endogenous TGF-β signaling in the colon, increased reactive oxygen species levels, intensive inflammation, and an increased fibrotic region after DSS treatment compared with wild-type mice. Bulk RNA sequencing confirmed involvement of canonical TGF-β signaling in fibrogenesis of the DSS-induced colitis model. Up-regulation of TGF-β signaling affects collagen activation and T-cell lineage commitment, increasing the susceptibility for inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Nox4 protects against injury and plays a crucial role in fibrogenesis in DSS-induced colitis through canonical TGF-β signaling regulation, highlighting a new treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yura Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Haengdueng Jeong
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang H Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Donghun Jeon
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yejin Cho
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Daekee Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Taek Nam
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Meisl G, Xu CK, Taylor JD, Michaels TCT, Levin A, Otzen D, Klenerman D, Matthews S, Linse S, Andreasen M, Knowles TPJ. Uncovering the universality of self-replication in protein aggregation and its link to disease. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn6831. [PMID: 35960802 PMCID: PMC9374340 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn6831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Fibrillar protein aggregates are a hallmark of a range of human disorders, from prion diseases to dementias, but are also encountered in several functional contexts. Yet, the fundamental links between protein assembly mechanisms and their functional or pathological roles have remained elusive. Here, we analyze the aggregation kinetics of a large set of proteins that self-assemble by a nucleated-growth mechanism, from those associated with disease, over those whose aggregates fulfill functional roles in biology, to those that aggregate only under artificial conditions. We find that, essentially, all such systems, regardless of their biological role, are capable of self-replication. However, for aggregates that have evolved to fulfill a structural role, the rate of self-replication is too low to be significant on the biologically relevant time scale. By contrast, all disease-related proteins are able to self-replicate quickly compared to the time scale of the associated disease. Our findings establish the ubiquity of self-replication and point to its potential importance across aggregation-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Meisl
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Catherine K. Xu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Jonathan D. Taylor
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Thomas C. T. Michaels
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Aviad Levin
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Daniel Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark
| | - David Klenerman
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
- U.K. Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Steve Matthews
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sara Linse
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Corresponding author. (S.L.); (M.A.); (T.P.J.K.)
| | - Maria Andreasen
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 3, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark
- Corresponding author. (S.L.); (M.A.); (T.P.J.K.)
| | - Tuomas P. J. Knowles
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Corresponding author. (S.L.); (M.A.); (T.P.J.K.)
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3
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Cryo-EM demonstrates the in vitro proliferation of an ex vivo amyloid fibril morphology by seeding. Nat Commun 2022; 13:85. [PMID: 35013242 PMCID: PMC8748726 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27688-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies showed that seeding of solutions of monomeric fibril proteins with ex vivo amyloid fibrils accelerated the kinetics of fibril formation in vitro but did not necessarily replicate the seed structure. In this research we use cryo-electron microscopy and other methods to analyze the ability of serum amyloid A (SAA)1.1-derived amyloid fibrils, purified from systemic AA amyloidosis tissue, to seed solutions of recombinant SAA1.1 protein. We show that 98% of the seeded fibrils remodel the full fibril structure of the main ex vivo fibril morphology, which we used for seeding, while they are notably different from unseeded in vitro fibrils. The seeded fibrils show a similar proteinase K resistance as ex vivo fibrils and are substantially more stable to proteolytic digestion than unseeded in vitro fibrils. Our data support the view that the fibril morphology contributes to determining proteolytic stability and that pathogenic amyloid fibrils arise from proteolytic selection.
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4
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Kurvits L, Reimann E, Kadastik-Eerme L, Truu L, Kingo K, Erm T, Kõks S, Taba P, Planken A. Serum Amyloid Alpha Is Downregulated in Peripheral Tissues of Parkinson's Disease Patients. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:13. [PMID: 30760975 PMCID: PMC6361740 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the changed levels of serum amyloid alpha, an immunologically active protein, in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients’ peripheral tissues. We have previously shown that Saa-1 and -2 (serum amyloid alpha-1,-2, genes) were among the top downregulated genes in PD patients’ skin, using whole-genome RNA sequencing. In the current study, we characterized the gene and protein expression profiles of skin and blood samples from patients with confirmed PD diagnosis and age/sex matched controls. qRT-PCR analysis of PD skin demonstrated downregulation of Saa-1 and -2 genes in PD patients. However, the lowered amount of protein could not be visualized using immunohistochemistry, due to low quantity of SAA (Serum Amyloid Alpha, protein) in skin. Saa-1 and -2 expression levels in whole blood were below detection threshold based on RNA sequencing, however significantly lowered protein levels of SAA1/2 in PD patients’ serum were shown with ELISA, implying that SAA is secreted into the blood. These results show that SAA is differentially expressed in the peripheral tissues of PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lille Kurvits
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ene Reimann
- Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Liis Kadastik-Eerme
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Laura Truu
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Külli Kingo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Dermatology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Triin Erm
- Department of Pathology, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sulev Kõks
- Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Pille Taba
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anu Planken
- Oncology and Haematology Clinic, North-Estonian Medical Centre, Tallinn, Estonia
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Al-Shabib NA, Khan JM, Malik A, Alsenaidy AM, Alsenaidy MA, Husain FM, Shamsi MB, Hidayathulla S, Khan RH. Negatively charged food additive dye “Allura Red” rapidly induces SDS-soluble amyloid fibril in beta-lactoglobulin protein. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:1706-1716. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Braconi D, Millucci L, Bernini A, Spiga O, Lupetti P, Marzocchi B, Niccolai N, Bernardini G, Santucci A. Homogentisic acid induces aggregation and fibrillation of amyloidogenic proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:135-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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7
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Di Carlo MG, Vetri V, Buscarino G, Leone M, Vestergaard B, Foderà V. Trifluoroethanol modulates α-synuclein amyloid-like aggregate formation, stability and dissolution. Biophys Chem 2016; 216:23-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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8
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Santangelo MG, Foderà V, Militello V, Vetri V. Back to the oligomeric state: pH-induced dissolution of concanavalin A amyloid-like fibrils into non-native oligomers. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16690c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in solution pH may result in modifications of energy landscape shape making readily accessible or more favourable native or oligomeric intermediate minima with respect to the fibrillar one.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. G. Santangelo
- Department of Physics and Chemistry
- University of Palermo
- Palermo
- Italy
| | - V. Foderà
- Section for Biologics
- Department of Pharmacy
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
- University of Copenhagen
- Copenhagen
| | - V. Militello
- Department of Physics and Chemistry
- University of Palermo
- Palermo
- Italy
| | - V. Vetri
- Department of Physics and Chemistry
- University of Palermo
- Palermo
- Italy
- Aten Center
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Colón W, Aguilera JJ, Srinivasan S. Intrinsic Stability, Oligomerization, and Amyloidogenicity of HDL-Free Serum Amyloid A. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 855:117-34. [PMID: 26149928 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-17344-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute-phase reactant protein predominantly bound to high-density lipoprotein in serum and presumed to play various biological and pathological roles. Upon tissue trauma or infection, hepatic expression of SAA increases up to 1,000 times the basal levels. Prolonged increased levels of SAA may lead to amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis, a usually fatal systemic disease in which the amyloid deposits are mostly comprised of the N-terminal 1-76 fragment of SAA. SAA isoforms may differ across species in their ability to cause AA amyloidosis, and the mechanism of pathogenicity remains poorly understood. In vitro studies have shown that SAA is a marginally stable protein that folds into various oligomeric species at 4 °C. However, SAA is largely disordered at 37 °C, reminiscent of intrinsically disordered proteins. Non-pathogenic murine (m)SAA2.2 spontaneously forms amyloid fibrils in vitro at 37 °C whereas pathogenic mSAA1.1 has a long lag (nucleation) phase, and eventually forms fibrils of different morphology than mSAA2.2. Remarkably, human SAA1.1 does not form mature fibrils in vitro. Thus, it appears that the intrinsic amyloidogenicity of SAA is not a key determinant of pathogenicity, and that other factors, including fibrillation kinetics, ligand binding effects, fibril stability, nucleation efficiency, and SAA degradation may play key roles. This chapter will focus on the known structural and biophysical properties of SAA and discuss how these properties may help better understand the molecular mechanism of AA amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfredo Colón
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA,
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10
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Shokri MM, Ahmadian S, Bemporad F, Khajeh K, Chiti F. Amyloid fibril formation by a normally folded protein in the absence of denaturants and agitation. Amyloid 2013; 20:226-32. [PMID: 24053331 DOI: 10.3109/13506129.2013.830246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The conversion of normally folded proteins into amyloid-like fibrils is an important process in protein chemistry, biology, pathology and biotechnology. This process generally requires harsh conditions, such as pH extremes, organic cosolvents, high temperatures, high pressures or shear forces. Such conditions promote aggregation because they partially unfold structured proteins or allow the sampling of locally unfolded native-like states, both of which possibly represent amyloidogenic states. Here we report the formation of amyloid-like fibrils by the lipase from Pseudomonas sp. under conditions that are close to physiological, that is, in the absence of denaturants and agitation. The resulting aggregates bind thioflavin T and Congo red, causing their characteristic spectral changes observed in the presence of amyloid fibrils. They possess a significant quantity of β-sheet structure, as detected with Fourier transform infrared and far-UV circular dichroism spectroscopies, and appear fibrillar using transmission electron microscopy. These results indicate that the lipase from Pseudomonas sp. can be a useful model system for the characterization of a key process, such as amyloid fibril formation under physiological conditions.
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11
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Characterization of the oligomerization and aggregation of human Serum Amyloid A. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64974. [PMID: 23750222 PMCID: PMC3672174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The fibrillation of Serum Amyloid A (SAA) – a major acute phase protein – is believed to play a role in the disease Amyloid A (AA) Amyloidosis. To better understand the amyloid formation pathway of SAA, we characterized the oligomerization, misfolding, and aggregation of a disease-associated isoform of human SAA – human SAA1.1 (hSAA1.1) – using techniques ranging from circular dichroism spectroscopy to atomic force microscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, immunoblot studies, solubility measurements, and seeding experiments. We found that hSAA1.1 formed alpha helix-rich, marginally stable oligomers in vitro on refolding and cross-beta-rich aggregates following incubation at 37°C. Strikingly, while hSAA1.1 was not highly amyloidogenic in vitro, the addition of a single N-terminal methionine residue significantly enhanced the fibrillation propensity of hSAA1.1 and modulated its fibrillation pathway. A deeper understanding of the oligomerization and fibrillation pathway of hSAA1.1 may help elucidate its pathological role.
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Srinivasan S, Patke S, Wang Y, Ye Z, Litt J, Srivastava SK, Lopez MM, Kurouski D, Lednev IK, Kane RS, Colón W. Pathogenic serum amyloid A 1.1 shows a long oligomer-rich fibrillation lag phase contrary to the highly amyloidogenic non-pathogenic SAA2.2. J Biol Chem 2012; 288:2744-55. [PMID: 23223242 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.394155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) is best known for being the main component of amyloid in the inflammation-related disease amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis. Despite the high sequence identity among different SAA isoforms, not all SAA proteins are pathogenic. In most mouse strains, the AA deposits mostly consist of SAA1.1. Conversely, the CE/J type mouse expresses a single non-pathogenic SAA2.2 protein that is 94% identical to SAA1.1. Here we show that SAA1.1 and SAA2.2 differ in their quaternary structure, fibrillation kinetics, prefibrillar oligomers, and fibril morphology. At 37 °C and inflammation-related SAA concentrations, SAA1.1 exhibits an oligomer-rich fibrillation lag phase of a few days, whereas SAA2.2 shows virtually no lag phase and forms small fibrils within a few hours. Deep UV resonance Raman, far UV-circular dichroism, atomic force microscopy, and fibrillation cross-seeding experiments suggest that SAA1.1 and SAA2.2 fibrils possess different morphology. Both the long-lived oligomers of pathogenic SAA1.1 and the fleeting prefibrillar oligomers of non-pathogenic SAA2.2, but not their respective amyloid fibrils, permeabilized synthetic bilayer membranes in vitro. This study represents the first comprehensive comparison between the biophysical properties of SAA isoforms with distinct pathogenicities, and the results suggest that structural and kinetic differences in the oligomerization-fibrillation of SAA1.1 and SAA2.2, more than their intrinsic amyloidogenicity, may contribute to their diverse pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saipraveen Srinivasan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA
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Brummitt RK, Andrews JM, Jordan JL, Fernandez EJ, Roberts CJ. Thermodynamics of amyloid dissociation provide insights into aggregate stability regimes. Biophys Chem 2012; 168-169:10-8. [PMID: 22750559 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid aggregates have been hypothesized as a global low free energy state for proteins at finite concentrations. Near its midpoint unfolding temperature, α-chymotrypsinogen A (aCgn) spontaneously forms amyloid polymers, indicating the free energy of aggregates (A) is significantly lower than that for unfolded (U) and native (N) monomers at those particular conditions. The relative thermodynamic stability of A, U, and N states was estimated semi-quantitatively as a function of temperature (T) and [urea] via a combination of calorimetry, urea-assisted unfolding and dissociation, aggregation kinetics, and changes in solvent-exposed surface area, combined with thermodynamic integration and a linear transfer free energy model. The results at first suggest that N is more thermodynamically stable than A at sufficiently low T and [urea], but this may be convoluted with kinetic effects. Interestingly, the kinetic stability of aggregates highlights that the practical measure of stability may be the free energy barrier(s) between A and U, as U serves as a key intermediate between N and A states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Brummitt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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