1
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Abstract
The neuraminidase (NA) of influenza A and B viruses plays a distinct role in viral replication and has a highly conserved catalytic site. Numerous sialic (neuraminic) acid analogs that competitively bind to the NA active site and potently inhibit enzyme activity have been synthesized and tested. Four NA inhibitors are now licensed in various parts of the world (zanamivir, oseltamivir, peramivir, and laninamivir) to treat influenza A and B infections. NA changes, naturally occurring or acquired under selective pressure, have been shown to reduce drug binding, thereby affecting the effectiveness of NA inhibitors. Drug resistance and other drawbacks have prompted the search for the next-generation NA-targeting therapeutics. One of the promising approaches is the identification of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the conserved NA epitopes. Anti-NA mAbs demonstrate Fab-based antiviral activity supplemented with Fc-mediated immune effector functions. Antiviral Fc-conjugates offer another cutting-edge strategy that is based on a multimodal mechanism of action. These novel antiviral agents are composed of a small-molecule NA inhibitor and an Fc-region that simultaneously engages the immune system. The significant advancements made in recent years further support the value of NA as an attractive target for the antiviral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Gubareva
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30329-4027, USA
| | - Teena Mohan
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30329-4027, USA
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2
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Forgione RE, Di Carluccio C, Milanesi F, Kubota M, Fabregat Nieto F, Molinaro A, Hashiguchi T, Francesconi O, Marchetti R, Silipo A. Characterization of Natural and Synthetic Sialoglycans Targeting the Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase of Mumps Virus. Front Chem 2021; 9:711346. [PMID: 34778199 PMCID: PMC8578797 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.711346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of surface viral glycoproteins offers great potential to hamper the attachment of viruses to the host cells surface and the spreading of viral infection. Mumps virus (MuV) is the etiological agent of the mumps infectious disease and causes a wide spectrum of mild to severe symptoms due to the inflammation of the salivary glands. Here we focus our attention on the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) isolated from MuV SBL-1 strain. We describe the molecular features of host sialoglycans recognition by HN protein by means of NMR, fluorescence assays and computational studies. Furthermore, we also describe the synthesis of a N-acetylneuraminic acid-derived thiotrisaccharide targeting the viral protein, and the corresponding 3D-complex. Our results provide the basis to improve the design and synthesis of potent viral hemagglutinin-neuraminidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Ester Forgione
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Di Carluccio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Milanesi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and INSTM, University of Florence Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, Florence, Italy.,Magnetic Resonance Center CERM, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Marie Kubota
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ferran Fabregat Nieto
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Takao Hashiguchi
- Laboratory of Medical Virology, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Oscar Francesconi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and INSTM, University of Florence Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberta Marchetti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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3
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Mirzaie S, Abdi F, GhavamiNejad A, Lu B, Wu XY. Covalent Antiviral Agents. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1322:285-312. [PMID: 34258745 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-0267-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, many viral infections have emerged and are taking a huge toll on human lives globally. Meanwhile, viral resistance to current drugs has drastically increased. Hence, there is a pressing need to design potent broad-spectrum antiviral agents to treat a variety of viral infections and overcome viral resistance. Covalent inhibitors have the potential to achieve both goals owing to their biochemical efficiency, prolonged duration of action, and the capability to inhibit shallow, solvent-exposed substrate-binding domains. In this chapter, we review the structures, activities, and inhibition mechanisms of covalent inhibitors against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, dengue virus, enterovirus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and influenza viruses. We also discuss the application of in silico study in covalent inhibitor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sako Mirzaie
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Fatemeh Abdi
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amin GhavamiNejad
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Lu
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xiao Yu Wu
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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4
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Yuan L, Zhao Y, Sun XL. Sialidase substrates for Sialdiase assays - activity, specificity, quantification and inhibition. Glycoconj J 2020; 37:513-531. [PMID: 32813176 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-020-09940-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Sialidases are glycosidases responsible for the removal of sialic acid (Sia) residues (desialylation) from glycan portions of either glycoproteins or glycolipids. By desialylation, sialidases are able to modulate the functionality and stability of the Sia-containing molecules and are involved in both physiological and pathological pathways. Therefore, evaluation of sialidase activity and specificity is important for understanding the biological significance of desialylation by sialidases and its function and the related molecular mechanisms of the physiological and pathological pathways. In addition, it is essential for developing novel mechanisms and approaches for disease treatment and diagnosis and pathogen detection as well. This review summarizes the most recent sialidase substrates for evaluating sialidase activity and specificity and screening sialidase inhibitors, including (i) general sialidase substrates, (ii) specific sialidase substrates, (iii) native sialidase substrates and (iv) cellular sialidase substrates. This review also provides a brief introduction of recent instrumental methods for quantifying the sialidase activity, such as UV, fluorescence, HPLC and LC-MS methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA.,School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - Xue-Long Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA.
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5
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Investigation of substrate specificity of sialidases with membrane mimetic glycoconjugates. Glycoconj J 2019; 37:175-185. [PMID: 31802374 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-019-09895-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Sialidases or neuraminidases play important roles in various physiological and pathological processes by cleaving terminal sialic acids (Sias) (desialylation) from the glycans of both glycoproteins and glycolipids. To understand the biological significance of desialylation by sialidases, it is important to investigate enzyme specificity with native substrate in biological membrane of cells. Herein, we report a membrane-mimicking system with liposome ganglioside conjugates containing different lipids for evaluating substrate specificity of sialidase and the lipid effect on the enzyme activity. Briefly, liposomes of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and cholesterol with ganglioside (GM3 or GM1) along with different percentage of phosphatidylserine (PS) or phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were prepared and characterized. Their desialylation profiles with Arthrobacter ureafaciens (bacterial) sialidase and H1N1 (influenza viral) sialidase were quantified by HPLC method. A diversity of substrate preference was found for both bacterial and viral sialidase to the liposome ganglioside conjugate platform. The apparent Km and Vmax were dependent on the type of lipid. These results indicate that the intrinsic characteristics of the membrane-like system affect the sialidase specificity and activity. This biomimetic substrate provides a better tool for unravelling the substrate specificity and the biological function of sialidases and for screening of functional sialidase inhibitors as well.
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6
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Aguirre C, Condado-Morales I, Olguin LF, Costas M. Isothermal titration calorimetry determination of individual rate constants of trypsin catalytic activity. Anal Biochem 2015; 479:18-27. [PMID: 25823683 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Determination of individual rate constants for enzyme-catalyzed reactions is central to the understanding of their mechanism of action and is commonly obtained by stopped-flow kinetic experiments. However, most natural substrates either do not fluoresce/absorb or lack a significant change in their spectra while reacting and, therefore, are frequently chemically modified to render adequate molecules for their spectroscopic detection. Here, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) was used to obtain Michaelis-Menten plots for the trypsin-catalyzed hydrolysis of several substrates at different temperatures (278-318K): four spectrophotometrically blind lysine and arginine N-free esters, one N-substituted arginine ester, and one amide. A global fitting of these data provided the individual rate constants and activation energies for the acylation and deacylation reactions, and the ratio of the formation and dissociation rates of the enzyme-substrate complex, leading also to the corresponding free energies of activation. The results indicate that for lysine and arginine N-free esters deacylation is the rate-limiting step, but for the N-substituted ester and the amide acylation is the slowest step. It is shown that ITC is able to produce quality kinetic data and is particularly well suited for those enzymatic reactions that cannot be measured by absorption or fluorescence spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Aguirre
- Laboratorio de Biofisicoquímica, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Itzel Condado-Morales
- Laboratorio de Biofisicoquímica, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Luis F Olguin
- Laboratorio de Biofisicoquímica, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F. 04510, Mexico.
| | - Miguel Costas
- Laboratorio de Biofisicoquímica, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F. 04510, Mexico.
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7
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Jers C, Guo Y, Kepp K, Mikkelsen J. Mutants of Micromonospora viridifaciens sialidase have highly variable activities on natural and non-natural substrates. Protein Eng Des Sel 2015; 28:37-44. [DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzu054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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8
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Cheng LL, Shidmoossavee FS, Bennet AJ. Neuraminidase Substrate Promiscuity Permits a Mutant Micromonospora viridifaciens Enzyme To Synthesize Artificial Carbohydrates. Biochemistry 2014; 53:3982-89. [DOI: 10.1021/bi500203p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia L. Cheng
- Departments
of Chemistry
and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Fahimeh S. Shidmoossavee
- Departments
of Chemistry
and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Bennet
- Departments
of Chemistry
and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
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9
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Influenza neuraminidase operates via a nucleophilic mechanism and can be targeted by covalent inhibitors. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1491. [PMID: 23422659 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of novel influenza neuraminidase inhibitors is critical for preparedness against influenza outbreaks. Knowledge of the neuraminidase enzymatic mechanism and transition-state analogue, 2-deoxy-2,3-didehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid, contributed to the development of the first generation anti-neuraminidase drugs, zanamivir and oseltamivir. However, lack of evidence regarding influenza neuraminidase key catalytic residues has limited strategies for novel neuraminidase inhibitor design. Here, we confirm that influenza neuraminidase conserved Tyr406 is the key catalytic residue that may function as a nucleophile; thus, mechanism-based covalent inhibition of influenza neuraminidase was conceived. Crystallographic studies reveal that 2α,3ax-difluoro-N-acetylneuraminic acid forms a covalent bond with influenza neuraminidase Tyr406 and the compound was found to possess potent anti-influenza activity against both influenza A and B viruses. Our results address many unanswered questions about the influenza neuraminidase catalytic mechanism and demonstrate that covalent inhibition of influenza neuraminidase is a promising and novel strategy for the development of next-generation influenza drugs.
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10
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Kaczmarek A, Vandenabeele P, Krysko DV. Necroptosis: the release of damage-associated molecular patterns and its physiological relevance. Immunity 2013; 38:209-23. [PMID: 23438821 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1072] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Regulated necrosis, termed necroptosis, is negatively regulated by caspase-8 and is dependent on the kinase activity of RIPK1 and RIPK3. Necroptosis leads to rapid plasma membrane permeabilization and to the release of cell contents and exposure of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). We are only beginning to identify the necroptotic DAMPs, their modifications, and their potential role in the regulation of inflammation. In this review, we discuss the physiological relevance of necroptosis and its role in the modulation of inflammation. For example, during viral infection, RIPK3-mediated necroptosis acts as a backup mechanism to clear pathogens. Necroptosis is also involved in apparently immunologically silent maintenance of T cell homeostasis. In contrast, the induction of necroptosis in skin, intestine, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and ischemia reperfusion injury provoke a strong inflammatory response, which might be triggered by emission of DAMPs from necroptotic cells, showing the detrimental side of necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kaczmarek
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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11
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Jiao R, Xu H, Cui J, Ge H, Tan R. Neuraminidase Inhibitors from marine-derived actinomycete Streptomyces seoulensis. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 114:1046-53. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R.H. Jiao
- Institute of Functional Biomolecules; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - H. Xu
- Institute of Functional Biomolecules; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - J.T. Cui
- Institute of Functional Biomolecules; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - H.M. Ge
- Institute of Functional Biomolecules; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - R.X. Tan
- Institute of Functional Biomolecules; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Nanjing University; Nanjing China
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12
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Kai H, Hinou H, Naruchi K, Matsushita T, Nishimura SI. Macrocyclic Mechanism-Based Inhibitor for Neuraminidases. Chemistry 2012; 19:1364-72. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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