1
|
Waite S, Tor PC, Mohan T, Davidson D, Hussain S, Dong V, Loo CK, Martin DM. The utility of the Sydney Melancholia Prototype Index (SMPI) for predicting response to electroconvulsive therapy in depression: A CARE Network study. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 155:180-185. [PMID: 36054966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An enhanced understanding of clinical predictors of positive ECT outcome could assist with the decision to prescribe ECT for select patients. Reliable predictors of ECT response such as psychotic symptoms and age have been identified, however, studies of melancholia and ECT response have been inconsistent. The Sydney Melancholia Prototype Index (SMPI) is a clinical measure designed to differentiate melancholic and non-melancholic depression. This study aimed to investigate whether melancholic depression (as measured by the clinician rated version of the SMPI) predicted a better response to ECT than non-melancholic depression. The study included data collated from four participating sites in the Clinical Alliance for ECT and Related treatments (CARE) network. The primary outcome was response (>50% improvement) on the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the secondary outcome was raw change in MADRS score. Of the 329 depressed patients included in the study, 81% had melancholic features and 76% met criteria for clinical response. SMPI defined melancholia was associated with older age, higher pre-treatment mood scores and presence of psychosis. Melancholia as defined by the SMPI, however, did not significantly predict either clinical response or overall mood improvement with ECT in multivariate analyses. Instead, older age, greater pre-treatment depression severity and the use of bifrontal compared to right unilateral ultrabrief ECT were significant predictors of mood improvement. Path analysis showed that higher pre-treatment mood score and older age were independently associated with mood improvement with ECT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Waite
- The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, South Australia, Australia
| | - P C Tor
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - T Mohan
- Flinders Medical Centre, South Australia, Australia
| | - D Davidson
- Flinders Medical Centre, South Australia, Australia
| | - S Hussain
- Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, North Metro Health Service, Western Australia, Australia; Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Australia; Section of ECT and Neurostimulation, Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists, Australia
| | - V Dong
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - C K Loo
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - D M Martin
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
The neuraminidase (NA) of influenza A and B viruses plays a distinct role in viral replication and has a highly conserved catalytic site. Numerous sialic (neuraminic) acid analogs that competitively bind to the NA active site and potently inhibit enzyme activity have been synthesized and tested. Four NA inhibitors are now licensed in various parts of the world (zanamivir, oseltamivir, peramivir, and laninamivir) to treat influenza A and B infections. NA changes, naturally occurring or acquired under selective pressure, have been shown to reduce drug binding, thereby affecting the effectiveness of NA inhibitors. Drug resistance and other drawbacks have prompted the search for the next-generation NA-targeting therapeutics. One of the promising approaches is the identification of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the conserved NA epitopes. Anti-NA mAbs demonstrate Fab-based antiviral activity supplemented with Fc-mediated immune effector functions. Antiviral Fc-conjugates offer another cutting-edge strategy that is based on a multimodal mechanism of action. These novel antiviral agents are composed of a small-molecule NA inhibitor and an Fc-region that simultaneously engages the immune system. The significant advancements made in recent years further support the value of NA as an attractive target for the antiviral development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Gubareva
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30329-4027, USA
| | - Teena Mohan
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30329-4027, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Martin DM, Tor PC, Waite S, Mohan T, Davidson D, Sarma S, Branjerdporn G, Dong V, Kwan E, Loo CK. The utility of the brief ECT cognitive screen (BECS) for early prediction of cognitive adverse effects from ECT: A CARE network study. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 145:250-255. [PMID: 34952375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although highly effective, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) often produces cognitive side effects which can be a barrier for patients. Monitoring cognitive side effects during the acute course is therefore recommended to identify patients at increased risk for adverse outcomes. The Brief ECT Cognitive Screen (BECS) is a brief instrument designed to measure emerging cognitive side effects from ECT. The aim of this study was to examine the clinical utility of the BECS for predicting adverse cognitive outcomes in real world clinic settings. The study included data collated from four participating sites in the Clinical Alliance for ECT and Related treatments (CARE) network. The BECS was administered at pre ECT and post 3 or 4 ECT. The primary outcome was a ≥4 point decrease on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) from pretreatment to post ECT. Logistic multiple regression analyses examined the BECS and other relevant clinical and demographic and treatment factors as predictors. The final analysis included 623 patients with diverse indications for ECT including 53.6% with major depression and 33.7% with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. A higher total score on the BECS significantly predicted decline in Total Scores on the MoCA [B = 0.25 (0.08), p = 0.003], though not decline in MoCA Delayed Recall scores (p > 0.1). Other significant predictors included higher pretreatment MoCA Total Scores and female gender for verbal anterograde memory decline. This study confirmed that the BECS has clinical utility for identifying patients with both reduced and increased risk for adverse cognitive outcomes from ECT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D M Martin
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - P C Tor
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - S Waite
- The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, South Australia, Australia
| | - T Mohan
- Flinders Medical Centre, South Australia, Australia
| | - D Davidson
- Flinders Medical Centre, South Australia, Australia
| | - S Sarma
- Gold Coast Health Service, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - V Dong
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - E Kwan
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - C K Loo
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mohan T, Nguyen HT, Kniss K, Mishin VP, Merced-Morales AA, Laplante J, St George K, Blevins P, Chesnokov A, De La Cruz JA, Kondor R, Wentworth DE, Gubareva LV. Cluster of Oseltamivir-Resistant and Hemagglutinin Antigenically Drifted Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Viruses, Texas, USA, January 2020. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:1953-1957. [PMID: 34152954 PMCID: PMC8237887 DOI: 10.3201/eid2707.204593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Four cases of oseltamivir-resistant influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection were detected among inhabitants of a border detention center in Texas, USA. Hemagglutinin of these viruses belongs to 6B.1A5A-156K subclade, which may enable viral escape from preexisting immunity. Our finding highlights the necessity to monitor both drug resistance and antigenic drift of circulating viruses.
Collapse
|
5
|
Mohan T, Li S, Gonzalez G, Prausnitz M, Wang B. Genomic DNA in a dissolvable microneedle patch acts as strong immunostimulator. Clin Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.03.1143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
6
|
Chandrashekar BS, Prabhakara S, Mohan T, Shabeer D, Bhandare B, Nalini M, Sharmila PS, Meghana DL, Reddy BK, Hanumantha Rao HM, Sahajananda H, Anbazhagan K. Characterization of Rubia cordifolia L. root extract and its evaluation of cardioprotective effect in Wistar rat model. Indian J Pharmacol 2018; 50:12-21. [PMID: 29861523 PMCID: PMC5954628 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_418_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Rubia cordifolia L. (RC) is a well-known and highly valuable medicinal plant in the Ayurvedic system. The present study involves evaluating antioxidant and cardioprotective property of RC root extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The characterization of RC root extract was carried out using standard phytochemical and biochemical analysis. The functional groups were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and phytotherapeutic compounds were identified using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS). Cardioprotective activity of RC root extract was investigated against cyclophosphamide (CP; 100 mg/kg, i.p)-induced cardiotoxicity in male albino Wistar rats. RC (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, p.o) or silymarin (100 mg/kg, p.o) was administered immediately after CP on the 1st day and the next consecutive 10 days. Biochemical and histopathological analysis was performed to observe the cardioprotective effects of RC root extract. RESULTS: Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of secondary metabolites that include alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and anthraquinones in RC root extract. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of several functional groups. Based on HR-MS analysis, eight major phytotherapeutic compounds were identified in methanol root extract of RC. Biochemical analysis in CP-induced rat model administered with RC extract revealed significantly enhanced levels of antioxidant markers such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase. Histopathological study showed that the rat model treated with the root extract had reduced the cardiac injury. CONCLUSION: Our results have shown that the RC extract contains various antioxidant compounds with cardioprotective effect. Treatment with RC root extract could significantly protect CP-induced rats from cardiac tissue injury by restoring the antioxidant markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B S Chandrashekar
- Chemistry of Forest Products (CFP) Division, Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - S Prabhakara
- Department of Genetics, Central Research Laboratory, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - T Mohan
- Department of Genetics, Central Research Laboratory, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - D Shabeer
- Department of Pharmacology, Central Research Laboratory, RajaRajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Basavaraj Bhandare
- Department of Pharmacology, Central Research Laboratory, RajaRajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - M Nalini
- Department of Pathology, Central Research Laboratory, RajaRajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - P S Sharmila
- Department of Pathology, Central Research Laboratory, RajaRajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - D L Meghana
- Department of Biological, Sciences Bangalore University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Basanth Kumar Reddy
- Department of Genetics, Central Research Laboratory, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - H M Hanumantha Rao
- Department of Genetics, Central Research Laboratory, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - H Sahajananda
- Department of Anaesthesia and Central Research Laboratory, Central Research Laboratory, RajaRajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - K Anbazhagan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Central Research Laboratory, RajaRajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Premkumar TM, Seralathan S, Gopalakrishnan R, Mohan T, Hariram V. Experimental data of the study on H-rotor with semi-elliptic shaped bladed vertical axis wind turbine. Data Brief 2018; 19:1828-1836. [PMID: 30229055 PMCID: PMC6141365 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance and load test data of the proposed H-rotor with semi-elliptical shaped blade vertical axis wind turbine is carried out at the laboratory using 1 m diameter axial fan. India has a long coastline and low-wind velocity ranging from 3 to 10 m/s which is available everywhere in the country irrespective of climatic conditions. The data article is carried out at different aspect ratios along with tilt of the blades and without tilting of the blades. These data sets provide the researchers to further study experimentally as well as numerically in order to enhance the performance of the proposed VAWT. The data presented here are measured at wind velocity ranging from 3 to 6 m/s. The raw data captured using data acquisition system are processed and presented in a form so as to compare it with other typical VAWT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Micha Premkumar
- School of Mechanical Sciences, Department of Mechanical Engineering Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Seralathan
- School of Mechanical Sciences, Department of Mechanical Engineering Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Gopalakrishnan
- School of Mechanical Sciences, Department of Mechanical Engineering Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T Mohan
- School of Mechanical Sciences, Department of Mechanical Engineering Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Hariram
- School of Mechanical Sciences, Department of Mechanical Engineering Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Micha Premkumar T, Sivamani S, Kirthees E, Hariram V, Mohan T. Data set on the experimental investigations of a helical Savonius style VAWT with and without end plates. Data Brief 2018; 19:1925-1932. [PMID: 30229067 PMCID: PMC6141439 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.06.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance test on a helical Savonius style VAWT are carried out with end plates and without end plates for low wind velocities from 3 m/s to 6 m/s. The raw data measured using instruments are recorded using digital acquisition system. These data are processed and presented as dimensionless parameters namely, coefficient of power, coefficient of torque and tip speed ratio in order to compare it with other VAWTs.
Collapse
|
9
|
Luo Y, Mohan T, Zhu W, Wang C, Deng L, Wang BZ. Sequential Immunizations with heterosubtypic virus-like particles elicit cross protection against divergent influenza A viruses in mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4577. [PMID: 29545521 PMCID: PMC5854580 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22874-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal influenza vaccines have proven to be effective against well-matched viruses in healthy adults. However, rapid accumulation of mutations in the main antigenic surface proteins of influenza can compromise the efficiency of flu vaccines. Occasionally, influenza pandemics arise and present a different type of challenge to current seasonal vaccines. Novel vaccination strategies that can educate the host immune system to generate immune responses focusing on conserved epitopes on theses antigenic surface proteins are crucial for controlling and limiting influenza epidemics and pandemics. In this study, we have sequentially vaccinated mice with heterosubtypic influenza HA virus-like particles (VLPs) harboring H1, H8, and H13 from the HA phylogenetic group 1, or H3, H4, and H10 from the HA phylogenetic group 2, or in various combinations. The immunized animals were fully protected when challenged with lethal doses of heterosubtypic viruses from either phylogenetic group. Our vaccination approach demonstrates a promising strategy for the development of a ‘universal influenza vaccine’.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Luo
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, GA, 30303-5090, USA
| | - Teena Mohan
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, GA, 30303-5090, USA
| | - Wandi Zhu
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, GA, 30303-5090, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, GA, 30303-5090, USA
| | - Lei Deng
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, GA, 30303-5090, USA
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, GA, 30303-5090, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Singh A, Gowtham S, Chakrapani L, Ashokkumar S, Kumar SK, Prema V, Bhavani RD, Mohan T, Sathyamoorthy Y. Aegeline vs Statin in the treatment of Hypercholesterolemia: A comprehensive study in rat model of liver steatosis. FFHD 2018. [DOI: 10.31989/ffhd.v8i1.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background: Aegeline (AG) is a natural hydroxyamide which has not been explored in depth for its potential applications in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Accordingly, in this study, the property of AG as antioxidant, anti-hypercholesterolemic, and an anti-aging component was explored. The hepatoprotective effect of AG on hypercholesterolemic rats was investigated for health care benefits as a hypocholesterolemic drug vs Atorvastatin (AV) for the first time.Objective: The objective was to delineate the mechanism of action of AG in impeding high cholesterol diet (HCD) induced hepatic steatosis in a rat model with special reference to antioxidant status and expression of Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) mediated cell adhesion molecules.Methods: Thirty-six Wistar rats were divided into six groups. The pathology group rats were fed with HCD for 16 weeks and treatment groups rats were fed with HCD for 12 weeks and further supplemented with AG/AV for another 4 weeks. In vivo and in vitro experiments were carried out to find out the relative markers of the pathological condition likely Malondialdehyde (MDA), Oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL), and CRP levels were determined. Standard biochemical parameters were carried out. The expression profile by Western blot analysis was performed to assess the levels of NF-κB, Interleukin 6(IL6) and vascular cell adhesion molecule1 (VCAM1), in the hepatic tissues of various experimental groups. Additionally, histopathological examination of liver tissue sections was carried out.Results: AG administration effectively decreased the oxidative stress induced by HCD as evidenced by MDA levels. Furthermore, the lowered levels of Ox-LDL and CRP in AG administered rats deem it to be a potent anti-inflammatory agent. Compared to AV, AG had a pronounced effect in down-regulating the expression of cell adhesion molecules.Conclusion: Thus, this study validates AG to be an effective stratagem in bringing down the oxidative stress induced by HCD and can be deemed as an anti-hypercholesterolemic and anti-steatotic agent.Keywords: Aegeline, Atorvastatin, liver, hypercholesterolemia, aging
Collapse
|
11
|
Mohan T, Zhu W, Wang Y, Wang BZ. Applications of chemokines as adjuvants for vaccine immunotherapy. Immunobiology 2017; 223:477-485. [PMID: 29246401 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vaccinations are expected to aid in building immunity against pathogens. This objective often requires the addition of an adjuvant with certain vaccine formulations containing weakly immunogenic antigens. Adjuvants can improve antigen processing, presentation, and recognition, thereby improving the immunogenicity of a vaccine by simulating and eliciting an immune response. Chemokines are a group of small chemoattractant proteins that are essential regulators of the immune system. They are involved in almost every aspect of tumorigenesis, antitumor immunity, and antimicrobial activity and also play a critical role in regulating innate and adaptive immune responses. More recently, chemokines have been used as vaccine adjuvants due to their ability to modulate lymphocyte development, priming and effector functions, and enhance protective immunity. Chemokines that are produced naturally by the body's own immune system could serve as potentially safer and more reliable adjuvant options versus synthetic adjuvants. This review will primarily focus on chemokines and their immunomodulatory activities against various infectious diseases and cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teena Mohan
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Wandi Zhu
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Ye Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mohan T, Deng L, Wang BZ. CCL28 chemokine: An anchoring point bridging innate and adaptive immunity. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 51:165-170. [PMID: 28843907 PMCID: PMC5755716 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines are an extensive family of small proteins which, in conjunction with their receptors, guide the chemotactic activity of various immune cells throughout the body. CCL28, β- or CC chemokine, is involved in the host immunity at various epithelial and mucosal linings. The unique roles of CCL28 in several facets of immune responses have attracted considerable attention and may represent a promising approach to combat various infections. CCL28 displays a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, as well as fungi. Here, we will summarize various research findings regarding the antimicrobial activity of CCL28 and the relevant mechanisms behind it. We will explore how the structure of CCL28 is involved with this activity and how this function may have evolved. CCL28 displays strong homing capabilities for B and T cells at several mucosal and epithelial sites, and orchestrates the trafficking and functioning of lymphocytes. The chemotactic and immunomodulatory features of CCL28 through the interactions with its chemokine receptors, CCR10 and CCR3, will also be discussed in detail. Thus, in this review, we emphasize the dual properties of CCL28 and suggest its role as an anchoring point bridging the innate and adaptive immunity. Chemokines play a vital role in cell migration in response to a chemical gradient by a process known as chemotaxis. CCL28 is a β- or CC chemokine that is involved in host immunity through the interactions with its chemokine receptors, CCR10 and CCR3. CCL28 is constitutively expressed in a wide variety of tissues including exocrine glands and is inducible through inflammation and infections. CCL28 has been shown to exhibit broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, and some fungi. CCL28 displays strong homing capabilities for B and T cells and orchestrates the trafficking and functioning of lymphocytes. In this review, we emphasize the antimicrobial and immunomodulatory feature of CCL28 and its role as bridge between innate and adaptive immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teena Mohan
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave, SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Lei Deng
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave, SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave, SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Deng L, Kim JR, Chang TZ, Zhang H, Mohan T, Champion JA, Wang BZ. Protein nanoparticle vaccine based on flagellin carrier fused to influenza conserved epitopes confers full protection against influenza A virus challenge. Virology 2017. [PMID: 28622575 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Currently marketed influenza vaccines only confer protection against matching influenza virus strains. The influenza A composition of these vaccines needs to be annually updated. Vaccines that target conserved epitopes of influenza viruses would in principle offer broad cross-protection against influenza A viruses. In our study, we investigated the specific immune responses and protective efficacy of protein nanoparticles based on fusion proteins of flagellin carrier linked to conserved influenza epitopes. We designed fusion proteins by replacing the hyperimmunogenic region of flagellin (FliC) with four tandem copies of the ectodomain of matrix protein 2 (f4M2e), H1 HA2 domain (fHApr8) or H3 HA2 domain (fHAaichi). Protein nanoparticles fabricated from these fusion proteins by using DTSSP crosslinking retained Toll-like receptor 5 agonist activity of FliC. Intranasal immunization with f4M2e, f4M2e/fHApr8 or f4M2e/fHAaichi nanoparticles induced vaccine antigen-specific humoral immune responses. It was also found that the incorporation of the H1 HA2 domain into f4M2e/fHApr8 nanoparticles boosted M2e specific antibody responses. Immunized mice were fully protected against lethal doses of virus challenge.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Administration, Intranasal
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Carriers/metabolism
- Epitopes/genetics
- Epitopes/immunology
- Flagellin/genetics
- Flagellin/metabolism
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/genetics
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Mice
- Nanoparticles
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Protein Binding
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Survival Analysis
- Toll-Like Receptor 5/metabolism
- Vaccines, Subunit/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Subunit/genetics
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Viral Matrix Proteins/genetics
- Viral Matrix Proteins/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Deng
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jong R Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Timothy Z Chang
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Teena Mohan
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Julie A Champion
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bračič M, Fras-Zemljič L, Pérez L, Kogej K, Stana-Kleinschek K, Kargl R, Mohan T. Protein-repellent and antimicrobial nanoparticle coatings from hyaluronic acid and a lysine-derived biocompatible surfactant. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:3888-3897. [PMID: 32264250 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00311k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm formation triggered by uncontrolled protein adsorption, on medical devices is the leading cause of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) during implantation. Herein, we report a water-based, green and one-step strategy to functionalize surfaces of silicone catheters, poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), with antifouling and antimicrobial substances to avoid uncontrolled protein adsorption and microbial attachment. A novel synergetic formulation consisting of an anionic glycosaminoglycan (hyaluronic acid, HA) and a lysine-derived biocompatible cationic surfactant (Nε-myristoyl-lysine methyl ester, MKM) was prepared, resulting in the formation of nanoparticles (NPs, ca. 100-250 nm). Besides their high stability and long-lasting hydrophilicity in ambient and aqueous environments for 60 days, the nanometric layers (48 ± 3 nm) of HA-MKM NPs on PDMS showed no adsorption of BSA and lysozyme and substantially lower adsorption of fibrinogen as revealed by a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). In vitro antimicrobial test with S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, P. mirabilis, C. albicans microbes under dynamic conditions revealed that the microbial growth was hampered by 85% compared with unmodified PDMS. Given the multiple functionalities, charges and diverse physiochemical properties of polysaccharide-lysine-based surfactant mixtures, this approach can be easily extended to the development of novel coatings on other silicone-based materials, thereby broadening potential applicability of PDMS-based biomaterials/devices in microfluidics, diagnostic biosensors and others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Bračič
- Laboratory for Characterization and Processing of Polymers, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Vijayadarshan P, Mohan T, Viswanath J, Venugopal KJ, Rao NV, Gupta A, Venkataraman A. Large Scale Synthesis of Nickel Oxide (Nio) by Self Propagated Combustion Reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.13005/msri/140106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This is a report on large scale synthesis of nickel oxide (NiO) using polyethylene glycol as a fuel employing self-propagating combustion reaction with nickel oxalate as precursor. The synthesized NiO is characterized for its crystal structure, morphology and bonding via XRD, SEM and FTIR respectively. Thermal behavior of the synthesized NiO is studied employing TGA and DSC. Super paramagnetic behavior of the synthesized is studied by magnetic hysteresis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Vijayadarshan
- R and D center, Premier Explosives Limited, P.O. Peddakandukur-508286, Yadadri District, Telangana, India
| | - T. Mohan
- R and D center, Premier Explosives Limited, P.O. Peddakandukur-508286, Yadadri District, Telangana, India
| | - J Viswanath
- Material Chemistry laboratory, Department of Materials Science, Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi-585106, Karnataka. India
| | - K. J Venugopal
- Material Chemistry laboratory, Department of Materials Science, Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi-585106,
| | - N. V Rao
- R and D center, Premier Explosives Limited, P.O. Peddakandukur-508286, Yadadri District, Telangana, India
| | - Amarnath Gupta
- R and D center, Premier Explosives Limited, P.O. Peddakandukur-508286, Yadadri District, Telangana, India
| | - A Venkataraman
- Department of Chemistry, Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi-585106, Karnataka. India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mohan T, Berman Z, Luo Y, Wang C, Wang S, Compans RW, Wang BZ. Chimeric virus-like particles containing influenza HA antigen and GPI-CCL28 induce long-lasting mucosal immunity against H3N2 viruses. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40226. [PMID: 28067290 PMCID: PMC5220311 DOI: 10.1038/srep40226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, with worldwide seasonal epidemics. The duration and quality of humoral immunity and generation of immunological memory to vaccines is critical for protective immunity. In the current study, we examined the long-lasting protective efficacy of chimeric VLPs (cVLPs) containing influenza HA and GPI-anchored CCL28 as antigen and mucosal adjuvant, respectively, when immunized intranasally in mice. We report that the cVLPs induced significantly higher and sustainable levels of virus-specific antibody responses, especially IgA levels and hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titers, more than 8-month post-vaccination compared to influenza VLPs without CCL28 or influenza VLPs physically mixed with sCCL28 (soluble) in mice. After challenging the vaccinated animals at month 8 with H3N2 viruses, the cVLP group also demonstrated strong recall responses. On day 4 post-challenge, we measured increased antibody levels, ASCs and HAI titers with reduced viral load and inflammatory responses in the cVLP group. The animals vaccinated with the cVLP showed 20% cross-protection against drifted (Philippines) and 60% protection against homologous (Aichi) H3N2 viruses. Thus, the results suggest that the GPI-anchored CCL28 induces significantly higher mucosal antibody responses, involved in providing long-term cross-protection against H3N2 influenza virus when compared to other vaccination groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teena Mohan
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity &Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Zachary Berman
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity &Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Yuan Luo
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity &Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity &Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Shelly Wang
- Department of Microbiology &Immunology, School of Medicine Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology &Immunology, School of Medicine Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity &Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang L, Chang TZ, He Y, Kim JR, Wang S, Mohan T, Berman Z, Tompkins SM, Tripp RA, Compans RW, Champion JA, Wang BZ. Coated protein nanoclusters from influenza H7N9 HA are highly immunogenic and induce robust protective immunity. Nanomedicine 2017; 13:253-262. [PMID: 27622321 PMCID: PMC5237404 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recurring influenza viruses pose an annual threat to public health. A time-saving, cost-effective and egg-independent influenza vaccine approach is important particularly when responding to an emerging pandemic. We fabricated coated, two-layer protein nanoclusters from recombinant trimeric hemagglutinin from an avian-origin H7N9 influenza A virus as an approach for vaccine development in response to an emerging pandemic. Assessment of the virus-specific immune responses and protective efficacy in mice immunized with the nanoclusters demonstrated that the vaccine candidates were highly immunogenic, able to induce protective immunity and long-lasting humoral antibody responses to this virus without the use of adjuvants. Because the advantages of the highly immunogenic coated nanoclusters also include rapid productions in an egg-independent system, this approach has great potential for influenza vaccine production not only in response to an emerging pandemic, but also as a replacement for conventional seasonal influenza vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Timothy Z Chang
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Yuan He
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Jong R Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Shelly Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Teena Mohan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Zachary Berman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - S Mark Tompkins
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Ralph A Tripp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Julie A Champion
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gupta DL, Bhoi S, Mohan T, Galwnkar S, Rao DN. Coexistence of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg imbalances in patients with post traumatic sepsis. Cytokine 2016; 88:214-221. [PMID: 27676155 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) developed due to the insult of trauma is a leading cause of death. The high mortality rate in these patients with and without sepsis has been reported up to 50%, throughout the world and thus required an urgent insight to overcome this problem. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to examine the differential changes in subsets of T cells, imbalance in cytokine profile, immune-paralysis (T cell anergy) in Trauma hemorrhagic shock (THS) and post traumatic sepsis patients. METHODOLOGY 114, THS patients and 50 healthy controls were recruited in the present study. We have measured the T cell proliferation assay using dominant antigens of both gram positive (LTA, 100ng/ml) and gram negative (LPS-100ng/ml) bacteria and PHA (4μg/ml) using radioactive thymidine (1H3) assay. Simultaneously, we have measured the culture supernatant level of cytokines using Cytokine bead assay (CBA). The other parts of this study include the analysis of different subsets of T cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION We observed significantly (P<0.05) reduced T cell proliferation in THS patients as compared to control. Our study also showed patients died due to sepsis/septic shock, had significantly (p<0.05) lower T cell response and had significantly elevated levels of IL-4, IL-10andTGF-β, but low level of IL-2andIFN-γ in culture supernatant. THS patients who developed sepsis complication had significantly higher T regulatory cells and lower Th17 cells in comparison to non-sepsis. In conclusion, our study showed an imbalance in cell mediated immune response and disturbance in Th1/Th2/Th17 and T reg population of T helper cells and also the shifts towards Th2 and T17 in THS patients who had developed sepsis and showed poor outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dublu Lal Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Sanjeev Bhoi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, JPNATC, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Teena Mohan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Sagar Galwnkar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Global Hospital, Mumbai, India.
| | - D N Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mohan T, Kim J, Berman Z, Wang S, Compans RW, Wang BZ. Co-delivery of GPI-anchored CCL28 and influenza HA in chimeric virus-like particles induces cross-protective immunity against H3N2 viruses. J Control Release 2016; 233:208-19. [PMID: 27178810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Influenza infection typically initiates at respiratory mucosal surfaces. Induction of immune responses at the sites where pathogens initiate replication is crucial for the prevention of infection. We studied the adjuvanticity of GPI-anchored CCL28 co-incorporated with influenza HA-antigens in chimeric virus-like particles (cVLPs), in boosting strong protective immune responses through an intranasal (i.n.) route in mice. We compared the immune responses to that from influenza VLPs without CCL28, or physically mixed with soluble CCL28 at systemic and various mucosal compartments. The cVLPs containing GPI-CCL28 showed in-vitro chemotactic activity towards spleen and lung cells expressing CCR3/CCR10 chemokine receptors. The cVLPs induced antigen specific endpoint titers and avidity indices of IgG in sera and IgA in tracheal, lung, and intestinal secretions, significantly higher (4-6 fold) than other formulations. Significantly higher (3-5 fold) hemagglutination inhibition titers and high serum neutralization against H3N2 viruses were also detected with CCL28-containing VLPs compared to other groups. The CCL28-containing VLPs showed complete and 80% protection, when vaccinated animals were challenged with A/Aichi/2/1968/H3N2 (homologous) and A/Philippines/2/1982/H3N2 (heterologous) viruses, respectively. Thus, GPI-anchored CCL28 in influenza VLPs act as a strong immunostimulator at both systemic and mucosal sites, boosting significant cross-protection in animals against heterologous viruses across a large distance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teena Mohan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Jongrok Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Zachary Berman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Shelly Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sekhar MC, Venkatesulu A, Mohan T, Gowrisankar M. Density Functional Theory, Natural Bond Orbital and Atoms in Molecule Analyses on the Hydrogen Bonding Interactions in 2-chloroaniline-Carboxylic Acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.13005/ojc/310233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
21
|
Bhatnagar S, Kumar P, Mohan T, Verma P, Parida M, Hoti S, Rao D. Evaluation of Multiple Antigenic Peptides Based on the Chikungunya E2 Protein for Improved Serological Diagnosis of Infection. Viral Immunol 2015; 28:107-12. [DOI: 10.1089/vim.2014.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Santwana Bhatnagar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Teena Mohan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Priyanka Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - M.M. Parida
- Virology Department, Defence Research & Development Establishment (DRDE), Gwalior, India
| | - S.L. Hoti
- Vector Control Research Centre, Pondicherry, India
| | - D.N. Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kargl R, Vorraber V, Ribitsch V, Köstler S, Stana-Kleinschek K, Mohan T. Selective immobilization and detection of DNA on biopolymer supports for the design of microarrays. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 68:437-441. [PMID: 25618375 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
DNA immobilization for the manufacturing of microarrays requires sufficient probe density, low unspecific binding and high interaction efficiency with complementary strands that are detected from solutions. Many of these important parameters are affected by the surface chemistry and the blocking steps conducted during DNA spotting and hybridization. This work describes an alternative method to selectively immobilize probes and to detect DNA on biocompatible, hydrophilic cellulose coated supports with low unspecific binding, high selectivity and appropriate sensitivity. It takes advantage of a relatively selective adsorption of water soluble polysaccharides on a solid cellulose matrix. Single strands of DNA were conjugated to this soluble polysaccharide and subsequently micro-spotted on solid cellulose thin films that were coated on glass and polymer slides. This resulted in adsorptively bound DNA-probes that were used to detect complementary, labelled DNA strands with different lengths and sequences by hybridization. The interaction of the DNA-conjugates with cellulose surfaces and the selectivity of hybridization were investigated by a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and fluorescence scanning. The method of non-covalent immobilization of DNA probes on an uncharged, non-reactive, hydrophilic support lowers the unspecific binding and the number of handling steps required to conduct the experiments for the detection of DNA on microarrays. Simultaneously selectivity, hybridization efficiency and detection limits are maintained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Kargl
- Laboratory for Characterization and Processing of Polymers, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - V Vorraber
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 28/3, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - V Ribitsch
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 28/3, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - S Köstler
- Materials, Sensor Systems, Institute for Surface Technologies and Photonics, Joanneum Research, Franz-Pichler-Straße 30, 8160 Weiz, Austria
| | - K Stana-Kleinschek
- Laboratory for Characterization and Processing of Polymers, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - T Mohan
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 28/3, 8010 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mohan T, Mitra D, Rao DN. Nasal delivery of PLG microparticle encapsulated defensin peptides adjuvanted gp41 antigen confers strong and long-lasting immunoprotective response against HIV-1. Immunol Res 2014; 58:139-53. [PMID: 23666811 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-013-8428-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Defensins display immunostimulatory activities including a chemotactic effect for T lymphocytes/immature dendritic cells and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines suggest their role in bridging innate and adaptive immunity. We hypothesized whether defensins with separately emulsified HIV-1 immunogen would elicit peptide-specific systemic and mucosal antibody response in mice. The HIV-1 peptide alone in microsphere showed low peptide-specific antibody response in sera and different washes, while the presence of defensins markedly increased the antibody peak titre both in sera (102,400-409,600) (p < 0.05) and in washes (800-25,600) (p < 0.001). Defensins with HIV-1 peptide were showing 43.0-83.2% and 38.7-72.3% in vitro neutralization against laboratory isolates in serum and lavage samples, respectively, higher than HIV-1 peptide alone. Our findings may have implications in the development of new mucosal adjuvant for AIDS vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teena Mohan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (A.I.I.M.S.), Room Number 3029, New Delhi, 110029, India,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mohan T, Bhatnagar S, Gupta DL, Rao DN. Current understanding of HIV-1 and T-cell adaptive immunity: progress to date. Microb Pathog 2014; 73:60-9. [PMID: 24930593 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cellular immune response to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has different components originating from both the adaptive and innate immune systems. HIV cleverly utilizes the host machinery to survive by its intricate nature of interaction with the host immune system. HIV evades the host immune system at innate ad adaptive, allows the pathogen to replicate and transmit from one host to another. Researchers have shown that HIV has multipronged effects especially on the adaptive immunity, with CD4(+) cells being the worst effect T-cell populations. Various analyses have revealed that, the exposure to HIV results in clonal expansion and excessive activation of the immune system. Also, an abnormal process of differentiation has been observed suggestive of an alteration and blocks in the maturation of various T-cell subsets. Additionally, HIV has shown to accelerate immunosenescence and exhaustion of the overtly activated T-cells. Apart from causing phenotypic changes, HIV has adverse effects on the functional aspect of the immune system, with evidences implicating it in the loss of the capacity of T-cells to secrete various antiviral cytokines and chemokines. However, there continues to be many aspects of the immune- pathogenesis of HIV that are still unknown and thus required further research in order to convert the malaise of HIV into a manageable epidemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teena Mohan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (A.I.I.M.S.), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Santwana Bhatnagar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (A.I.I.M.S.), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Dablu L Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (A.I.I.M.S.), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - D N Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (A.I.I.M.S.), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mohan T, Verma P, Rao D. Comparative mucosal immunogenicity of HIV gp41 membrane-proximal external region (MPER) containing single and multiple repeats of ELDKWA sequence with defensin peptides. Immunobiology 2014; 219:292-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
26
|
Verma P, Biswas S, Mohan T, Ali S, Rao D. Detection of histidine rich protein & lactate dehydrogenase of Plasmodium falciparum in malaria patients by sandwich ELISA using in-house reagents. Indian J Med Res 2013; 138:977-87. [PMID: 24521645 PMCID: PMC3978991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Despite major control efforts, malaria remains a major public health problem that still causes high mortality rate worldwide especially in Africa and Asia. Accurate and confirmatory diagnosis before treatment initiation is the only way to control the disease. The present study was undertaken to develop reagents using sandwich ELISA for simultaneous detection of PfHRP2 (Plasmodium falciparum histidine rich protein) and PfLDH (P. falciparum lactate dehydrogenase) antigens in the proven malaria cases. METHODS The antibodies were raised against two epitopes of PfHRP2 protein and three unique and unexplored epitopes of PfLDH protein. These antibodies were able to detect PfHRP2 and PfLDH antigens in culture supernatant and parasitized RBC lysate of P. falciparum, respectively up to 50 parasites/μl. The in-house reagents were tested in 200 P. falciparum positive patients residing in Baghpat district of Uttar Pradesh in northern India. RESULTS Microsphere (PLGA) with CpG ODN were used to generate high titre and high affinity antibodies against selected peptides of PfHRP-2 and pLDH antigen in mice and rabbit. The peptide specific peak titre varied from 12,800 - 102,400 with an affinity ranging 0.73 - 3.0 mM. The indigenously developed reagents are able to detect PfHRP2 and PfLDH antigens as low as 75 parasites/μl of blood with a very high sensitivity (96-100%) and specificity (100%). INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS The study highlight the identification of unique epitopes of PfHRP2 and PfLDH, and the generated antibodies against these antigens were used for quantitative estimation of these two antigens using sandwich ELISA. No corresreactivity with P. vivax infected patients was observed with the sera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sukla Biswas
- National Institute of Malaria Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India
| | - Teena Mohan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shakir Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - D.N. Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India,Reprint requests: Dr D.N. Rao, Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110 029, India e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mohan T, Verma P, Rao DN. Novel adjuvants & delivery vehicles for vaccines development: a road ahead. Indian J Med Res 2013; 138:779-95. [PMID: 24434331 PMCID: PMC3928709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The pure recombinant and synthetic antigens used in modern day vaccines are generally less immunogenic than older style live/attenuated and killed whole organism vaccines. One can improve the quality of vaccine production by incorporating immunomodulators or adjuvants with modified delivery vehicles viz. liposomes, immune stimulating complexes (ISCOMs), micro/nanospheres apart from alum, being used as gold standard. Adjuvants are used to augment the effect of a vaccine by stimulating the immune system to respond to the vaccine, more vigorously, and thus providing increased immunity to a particular disease. Adjuvants accomplish this task by mimicking specific sets of evolutionary conserved molecules which include lipopolysaccharides (LPS), components of bacterial cell wall, endocytosed nucleic acids such as dsRNA, ssDNA and unmethylated CpG dinucleotide containing DNA. This review provides information on various vaccine adjuvants and delivery vehicles being developed to date. From literature, it seems that the humoral immune responses have been observed for most adjuvants and delivery platforms while viral-vector, ISCOMs and Montanides have shown cytotoxic T-cell response in the clinical trials. MF59 and MPL® have elicited Th1 responses, and virus-like particles (VLPs), non-degradable nanoparticle and liposomes have also generated cellular immunity. Such vaccine components have also been evaluated for alternative routes of administration with clinical success reported for intranasal delivery of viral-vectors and proteosomes and oral delivery of VLP vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teena Mohan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Priyanka Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - D. Nageswara Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mohan T, Sharma C, Bhat AA, Rao DN. Modulation of HIV peptide antigen specific cellular immune response by synthetic α- and β-defensin peptides. Vaccine 2013; 31:1707-16. [PMID: 23384751 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Defensin peptides have their direct role in host defense against microbial infection as innate molecules and also thought to contribute to adaptive immunity by recruiting naïve T-cells and immature dendritic cells at the site of infection through CCR6 receptor. The main aim of the present study is to investigate the efficacy of defensins for the induction of cell mediated immune response against the peptide antigen of HIV-1 encapsulated in PLG microparticles through intranasal (IN) route in mice model. To characterized, we have analyzed T-cell proliferation, Th1/Th2 cytokines, β-chemokines production and IFN-γ/perforin secretion from CD4(+)/CD8(+) T-cells in response to HIV immunogen alone and with defensins at different mucosal site i.e. lamina propria (LP), spleen (SP) and peyer's patches (PP). The cellular immunogenicity of HIV peptide with defensin formulations showed a significantly higher (p<0.001) proliferation response as compared to individual HIV peptide. The enhanced cytokines measurement profile showed mixed Th1 and Th2 type of peptide specific immune response by the incorporation of defensins. In the continuation, enhancement in MIP-1α and RANTES level was also observed in HIV peptide-defensin formulations. The FACS data had revealed that CD4(+)/CD8(+) T-cells showed significantly (p<0.001) higher IFN-γ and perforin secretion in HIV with defensin peptide formulations than HIV antigen alone group. Thus, the study emphasized here that defensin peptides have a potential role as mucosal adjuvant, might be responsible for the induction of cell mediated immunity when administered in mice through IN route with HIV peptide antigen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teena Mohan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110 029, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
After a diagnosis of HIV infection is made, the patient needs to be monitored using both clinical assessment and laboratory markers. HIV/AIDS monitoring is essential in guiding when to recommend initiation of therapy. Clinical monitoring will include staging of the HIV/AIDS disease using either the presence or absence of HIV-related signs and symptoms using the WHO staging system. Various laboratory methods can be used to monitor the disease progression and to guide whether the patient will need antiretroviral therapy or not. Laboratory monitoring for patients who are not on drugs is done to provide information about the stage of illness; to enable the clinician to make decisions on treatment and to give information on prognosis of the patient. Patients on drugs are monitored to assess their response to treatment with antiretroviral drugs and to detect any possible toxicity and improvement associated with the antiretroviral drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Vajpayee
- National HIV Reference Center & Integrated Counseling & Testing Center, Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bhat AA, Seth RK, Kumar S, Ali R, Mohan T, Biswas S, Rao DN. Induction of cell-mediated immune responses to peptide antigens of P. vivax in microparticles using intranasal immunization. Immunol Invest 2010; 39:483-99. [PMID: 20450288 DOI: 10.3109/08820131003674826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
T-cells play a critical role in resistance to malaria, not only because they function as helper cells for an antibody response, but also because they serve as effector cells. Such cellular immunity is directly implicated in protection from sporozoites as well as from blood stage parasites. The aim of this study was to induce cell mediated immune responses to peptide antigens of Plasmodium vivax co-encapsulated with CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) in microparticles. In the present study, we have investigated the immunomodulatory effects of two CpG adjuvants, CpG 1826 and CpG 2006 to the five peptide antigens of Plasmodium vivax derived from circumsporozoite protein, merozoite surface protein-1, apical membrane antigen-1 and gametocyte surface antigen (Pvs24) in microparticle delivery. The T-cell proliferation response study of the cells collected from spleen, lamina propria and peyer's patches showed significantly high (p<0.001) stimulation index when primed with peptide antigens in microparticles co-encapsulating CpG ODN adjuvant as compared to peptide alone primed mice. The cytokine measurement profile of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 in culture supernatants of cells primed with peptide antigens in microparticles co-encapsulating CpG ODN showed higher levels of IFN- gamma followed by TNF-alpha and IL-2, with relatively low levels of IL-4 and IL-10.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz A Bhat
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pun PB, Bhat AA, Mohan T, Kulkarni S, Paranjape R, Rao DN. Intranasal administration of peptide antigens of HIV with mucosal adjuvant CpG ODN coentrapped in microparticles enhances the mucosal and systemic immune responses. Int Immunopharmacol 2009; 9:468-77. [PMID: 19291836 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The mucosal immune system acts as a first line of defense against infection caused by luminal pathogens. Because HIV is transmitted primarily via mucosal associated tissues, particularly with sexual transmission, understanding antiviral immunity present at these sites is important. As most of the peptide antigens show poor immunogenicity when immunized alone but after incorporating the same peptide antigens along with adjuvant CpG ODN in microparticles has shown enhanced immunogenicity in the murine model. In the present study we have investigated the immunomodulatory effects of two adjuvants, CpG 1826 and CpG 2006 (Class B, Also known as type K) to the four peptide antigens of HIV such as envelope glycoproteins gp41 Leucine Zipper, gp41 fusion domain and gp120-C2 as well as regulatory protein (Nef) in microparticles, exploring nasal route with single immunization schedule. Peptide (s) alone in the microparticles elicited low peptide specific IgG and IgA peak titres in the sera, whereas the inclusion of CpG ODN with peptides in microparticles significantly enhanced peptide specific IgG and IgA peak titres and such responses were sustained for longer durations. Similarly higher SIgA response was achieved in the mucosal washes with CpG encapsulated in microparticles. Such presence of SIgA in washes was further correlated with the presence of secretory component (SC) in the respective washes. Both adjuvants induced excellent peptide specific IgG and IgA immune responses. Thus the overall study highlighted the importance of CpG ODNs as a mucosal adjuvant for weaker peptide antigens and thus can explore for developing peptide based vaccine against HIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Par Bahadur Pun
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Janaswamy S, Sreenivasa Murthy G, Mohan T, Sudheendra Rao MN. Crystal structure analysis of (Morpholino)(Phenyl)(Dicyclohexylamino) phosphiniminocyclotrithiazene. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2003. [DOI: 10.1134/1.1541746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
33
|
Mohan T, Day RO, Holmes RR. Reinvestigation of the reaction of triphenylphosphine with tetracyanoethylene: molecular structure of N-(heptacyanocyclopent-1-enyl)triphenylphosphoranimine. Inorg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ic00037a049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
34
|
Srinivas J, Murthy GS, Mohan T, Rao MNS. Crystal structure of (phenyl) (piperidino) (dicyclohexylamino)-phoshiniminocyclotrithiazene dichloromethane hemisolvate, ((C6H5)N(C6H11)2)(C5H10)PN(S3N3))2(CH2Cl2). Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 1997. [DOI: 10.1524/ncrs.1997.212.1.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
35
|
|
36
|
Janaswamy S, Sreenivasa Murthy G, Mohan T, Sudheendra Rao MN. S-[(Dicyclohexylamino)(phenyl)(1-pyrrolidinyl)phosphinimino]cyclotrithiazene. Acta Crystallogr C 1996. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270195015381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
37
|
Mohan T, Arumugam S, Wang T, Jacobson RA, Verkade JG. Reactions of P(MeNCH2CH2)3N with primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl halides: Evidence for a solvent-enhanced dehydrohalogenation. Heteroat Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-1071(199611)7:6<455::aid-hc8>3.0.co;2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
38
|
Mohan T, Thomas CJ, Rao MNS, Aravamudan G, Meetsma A, van de Grampel JC. Cyclic sulfur nitrogen compounds and phosphorus reagents: Part XII. Reactions of S4N4 with (2-pyridylamino) phosphines [1]. Heteroat Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.520050105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
39
|
Mohan T, Thomas CJ, Rao MNS, Aravamudan G, Meetsma A, van de Grampel JC. Preparation and Structural Characterization of 1-Phenyl-1-(Dicyclohexylamino)Cyclo-1-Phospha-3, 5-Dithia-2, 4, 6-Triazene; a Phosphathiazene With Different Substituents on Phosphorus. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 1992. [DOI: 10.1080/10426509208055323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
40
|
Mohan T, Sudheendra Rao M, Aravamudan G. Stable chiral but racemic phosphines (R)(R′)(R″)P containing two different (amino) substituents : high yield synthesis and conversion to the respective phosphine sulphides. Tetrahedron Lett 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)80531-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|