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Abstract
A survey of protein databases indicates that the majority of enzymes exist in oligomeric forms, with about half of those found in the UniProt database being homodimeric. Understanding why many enzymes are in their dimeric form is imperative. Recent developments in experimental and computational techniques have allowed for a deeper comprehension of the cooperative interactions between the subunits of dimeric enzymes. This review aims to succinctly summarize these recent advancements by providing an overview of experimental and theoretical methods, as well as an understanding of cooperativity in substrate binding and the molecular mechanisms of cooperative catalysis within homodimeric enzymes. Focus is set upon the beneficial effects of dimerization and cooperative catalysis. These advancements not only provide essential case studies and theoretical support for comprehending dimeric enzyme catalysis but also serve as a foundation for designing highly efficient catalysts, such as dimeric organic catalysts. Moreover, these developments have significant implications for drug design, as exemplified by Paxlovid, which was designed for the homodimeric main protease of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Wei Chen
- Lab of Computional Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tian-Yu Sun
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Yun-Dong Wu
- Lab of Computional Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
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2
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Shang H, VanDusseldorp TA, Ma R, Zhao Y, Cholewa J, Zanchi NE, Xia Z. Role of MST1 in the regulation of autophagy and mitophagy: implications for aging-related diseases. J Physiol Biochem 2022; 78:709-719. [PMID: 35727484 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-022-00904-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
As a key mechanism to maintain cellular homeostasis under stress conditions, autophagy/mitophagy is related to the occurrence of metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and other aging-related diseases, but the relevant signal pathways regulating autophagy have not been clarified. Mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 (MST1) is a central regulatory protein of many metabolic pathways involved in the pathophysiological processes of aging and aging-related diseases and has become a critical integrator affecting autophagic signaling. Recent studies show that MST1 not only suppresses autophagy through directly phosphorylating Beclin-1 and/or inhibiting the protein expression of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) in the cytoplasm, but also inhibits BCL2/adenovirus E1B protein-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3)-, FUN14 domain containing 1 (FUNDC1)-, and Parkin (Parkinson protein 2)-mediated mitophagy by interacting with factors such as Ras association domain family 1A (RASSF1A). Indeed, a common pharmacological strategy for anti-aging is to induce autophagy/mitophagy through MST1 inhibition. This article reviews the role and mechanism of MST1 in regulating autophagy during aging, to provide evidence for the development of drugs targeting MST1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayu Shang
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Trisha A VanDusseldorp
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Ranggui Ma
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, College of Physical Education and Health, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jason Cholewa
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Lynchburg, Lynchburg, VA, USA
| | - Nelo Eidy Zanchi
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Sao Luis, MA, Brazil
- Laboratory of Skeletal Muscle Biology and Human Strength Performance (LABFORCEH), Sao Luis, MA, Brazil
| | - Zhi Xia
- Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, College of Physical Education and Health, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China.
- Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, College of Physical Education, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China.
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3
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Behbahanipour M, García-Pardo J, Ventura S. Decoding the role of coiled-coil motifs in human prion-like proteins. Prion 2021; 15:143-154. [PMID: 34428113 PMCID: PMC8386614 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2021.1961569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Prions are self-propagating proteins that cause fatal neurodegenerative diseases in humans. However, increasing evidence suggests that eukaryotic cells exploit prion conformational conversion for functional purposes. A recent study delineated a group of twenty prion-like proteins in humans, characterized by the presence of low-complexity glutamine-rich sequences with overlapping coiled-coil (CCs) motifs. This is the case of Mediator complex subunit 15 (MED15), which is overexpressed in a wide range of human cancers. Biophysical studies demonstrated that the prion-like domain (PrLD) of MED15 forms homodimers in solution, sustained by CCs interactions. Furthermore, the same coiled-coil (CC) region plays a crucial role in the PrLD structural transition to a transmissible β-sheet amyloid state. In this review, we discuss the role of CCs motifs and their contribution to amyloid transitions in human prion-like domains (PrLDs), while providing a comprehensive overview of six predicted human prion-like proteins involved in transcription, gene expression, or DNA damage response and associated with human disease, whose PrLDs contain or overlap with CCs sequences. Finally, we try to rationalize how these molecular signatures might relate to both their function and involvement in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molood Behbahanipour
- Institut De Biotecnologia I De Biomedicina (Ibb) and Departament De Bioquímica I Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autónoma De Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier García-Pardo
- Institut De Biotecnologia I De Biomedicina (Ibb) and Departament De Bioquímica I Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autónoma De Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Ventura
- Institut De Biotecnologia I De Biomedicina (Ibb) and Departament De Bioquímica I Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autónoma De Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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4
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Jin R, Grasso M, Zhou M, Marmorstein R, Baumgart T. Unfolding Mechanisms and Conformational Stability of the Dimeric Endophilin N-BAR Domain. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:20790-20803. [PMID: 34423187 PMCID: PMC8374900 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Endophilin, which is a member of the Bin-amphiphysin-Rvs (BAR) domain protein superfamily, contains a homodimeric N-BAR domain of a characteristic crescent shape. The N-BAR domain comprises a six-helix bundle and is known to sense and generate membrane curvature. Here, we characterize aspects of the unfolding mechanism of the endophilin A1 N-BAR domain during thermal denaturation and examine factors that influence the thermal stability of this domain. Far-UV circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy was applied to monitor changes in the secondary structure above room temperature. The protein's conformational changes were further characterized through Foerster resonance energy transfer and cross-linking experiments at varying temperatures. Our results indicate that thermal unfolding of the endophilin N-BAR is (minimally) a two-step process, with a dimeric intermediate that displays partial helicity loss. Furthermore, a thermal shift assay and temperature-dependent CD were applied to compare the unfolding processes of several truncated versions of endophilin. The melting temperature of the N-BAR domain decreased when we deleted either the N-terminal H0 helix or the unstructured linker of endophilin. This result suggests that these intrinsically disordered domains may play a role in structurally stabilizing the functional N-BAR domain in vivo. Finally, we show that single-site mutations can also compromise endophilin's thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Michael Grasso
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Mingyang Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Abramson
Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ronen Marmorstein
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Abramson
Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Tobias Baumgart
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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5
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Regulation of MST complexes and activity via SARAH domain modifications. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:675-683. [PMID: 33860801 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Three elements of the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway - MST1/2, SAV1, and RASSF1-6 - share in common a C-terminal interaction motif termed the SARAH domain. Proteins containing this domain are capable of self-association as homodimers and also of trans-association with other SARAH domain containing proteins as well as selected additional proteins that lack this domain. Recently, the association of MST1/2 with itself or with other proteins has been shown to be regulated by phosphorylation at sites near or within the SARAH domain. In this review, we focus on recent findings regarding the regulation of such MST1/2 interactions, with an emphasis on the effects of these events on Hippo pathway activity.
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6
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Cairns L, Patterson A, Weingartner KA, Koehler TJ, DeAngelis DR, Tripp KW, Bothner B, Kavran JM. Biophysical characterization of SARAH domain-mediated multimerization of Hippo pathway complexes in Drosophila. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:6202-6213. [PMID: 32213597 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippo pathway signaling limits cell growth and proliferation and maintains the stem-cell niche. These cellular events result from the coordinated activity of a core kinase cassette that is regulated, in part, by interactions involving Hippo, Salvador, and dRassF. These interactions are mediated by a conserved coiled-coil domain, termed SARAH, in each of these proteins. SARAH domain-mediated homodimerization of Hippo kinase leads to autophosphorylation and activation. Paradoxically, SARAH domain-mediated heterodimerization between Hippo and Salvador enhances Hippo kinase activity in cells, whereas complex formation with dRassF inhibits it. To better understand the mechanism by which each complex distinctly modulates Hippo kinase and pathway activity, here we biophysically characterized the entire suite of SARAH domain-mediated complexes. We purified the three SARAH domains from Drosophila melanogaster and performed an unbiased pulldown assay to identify all possible interactions, revealing that isolated SARAH domains are sufficient to recapitulate the cellular assemblies and that Hippo is a universal binding partner. Additionally, we found that the Salvador SARAH domain homodimerizes and demonstrate that this interaction is conserved in Salvador's mammalian homolog. Using native MS, we show that each of these complexes is dimeric in solution. We also measured the stability of each SARAH domain complex, finding that despite similarities at both the sequence and structural levels, SARAH domain complexes differ in stability. The identity, stoichiometry, and stability of these interactions characterized here comprehensively reveal the nature of SARAH domain-mediated complex formation and provide mechanistic insights into how SARAH domain-mediated interactions influence Hippo pathway activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Cairns
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 20215
| | - Angela Patterson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 59717
| | - Kyler A Weingartner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 20215
| | - T J Koehler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 20215
| | - Daniel R DeAngelis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 20215
| | - Katherine W Tripp
- The T. C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 201218
| | - Brian Bothner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 59717
| | - Jennifer M Kavran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 20215; Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 20215; Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 20215.
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7
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Szimler T, Gráczer É, Györffy D, Végh B, Szilágyi A, Hajdú I, Závodszky P, Vas M. New type of interaction between the SARAH domain of the tumour suppressor RASSF1A and its mitotic kinase Aurora A. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5550. [PMID: 30944388 PMCID: PMC6447619 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41972-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumour suppressor protein RASSF1A is phosphorylated by Aurora A kinase, thereby impairing its tumour suppressor function. Consequently, inhibiting the interaction between Aurora A and RASSF1A may be used for anti-tumour therapy. We used recombinant variants of RASSF1A to map the sites of interaction with Aurora A. The phosphorylation kinetics of three truncated RASSF1A variants has been analysed. Compared to the RASSF1A form lacking the 120 residue long N-terminal part, the Km value of the phosphorylation is increased from 10 to 45 μM upon additional deletion of the C-terminal SARAH domain. On the other hand, deletion of the flexible loop (Δ177-197) that precedes the phosphorylation site/s (T202/S203) results in a reduction of the kcat value from about 40 to 7 min-1. Direct physical interaction between the isolated SARAH domain and Aurora A was revealed by SPR. These data demonstrate that the SARAH domain of RASSF1A is involved in the binding to Aurora A kinase. Structural modelling confirms that a novel complex is feasible between the SARAH domain and the kinase domain of Aurora A. In addition, a regulatory role of the loop in the catalytic phosphorylation reaction has been demonstrated both experimentally and by structural modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Szimler
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - É Gráczer
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - D Györffy
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - B Végh
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
- ELTE NAP Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - A Szilágyi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - I Hajdú
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., H-1117, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - P Závodszky
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - M Vas
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., H-1117, Budapest, Hungary.
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8
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Cairns L, Tran T, Fowl BH, Patterson A, Kim YJ, Bothner B, Kavran JM. Salvador has an extended SARAH domain that mediates binding to Hippo kinase. J Biol Chem 2018. [PMID: 29519817 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway controls cell proliferation and differentiation through the precisely tuned activity of a core kinase cassette. The activity of Hippo kinase is modulated by interactions between its C-terminal coiled-coil, termed the SARAH domain, and the SARAH domains of either dRassF or Salvador. Here, we wanted to understand the molecular basis of SARAH domain-mediated interactions and their influence on Hippo kinase activity. We focused on Salvador, a positive effector of Hippo activity and the least well-characterized SARAH domain-containing protein. We determined the crystal structure of a complex between Salvador and Hippo SARAH domains from Drosophila This structure provided insight into the organization of the Salvador SARAH domain including a folded N-terminal extension that expands the binding interface with Hippo SARAH domain. We also found that this extension improves the solubility of the Salvador SARAH domain, enhances binding to Hippo, and is unique to Salvador. We therefore suggest expanding the definition of the Salvador SARAH domain to include this extended region. The heterodimeric assembly observed in the crystal was confirmed by cross-linked MS and provided a structural basis for the mutually exclusive interactions of Hippo with either dRassF or Salvador. Of note, Salvador influenced the kinase activity of Mst2, the mammalian Hippo homolog. In co-transfected HEK293T cells, human Salvador increased the levels of Mst2 autophosphorylation and Mst2-mediated phosphorylation of select substrates, whereas Salvador SARAH domain inhibited Mst2 autophosphorylation in vitro These results suggest Salvador enhances the effects of Hippo kinase activity at multiple points in the Hippo pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Cairns
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 20215
| | - Thao Tran
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 20215
| | - Brendan H Fowl
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 20215
| | - Angela Patterson
- the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, and
| | - Yoo Jin Kim
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 20215
| | - Brian Bothner
- the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, and
| | - Jennifer M Kavran
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 20215, .,the Departments of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, School of Medicine, and.,Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 20215
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9
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Koturenkiene A, Makbul C, Herrmann C, Constantinescu-Aruxandei D. Kinetic characterization of apoptotic Ras signaling through Nore1-MST1 complex formation. Biol Chem 2017; 398:701-707. [PMID: 28141542 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ras-mediated apoptotic signaling is expected to be mediated via Rassf-MST complexes, but the system has been poorly characterized in vitro until now. Here we demonstrate that active H-Ras, Nore1A and MST1 form a stable ternary complex in vitro without other external factors, Nore1A interacting simultaneously with H-Ras and MST1 via its RBD and SARAH domain, respectively. Moreover, our data show for the first time that the SARAH domain of Nore1A plays a role in the Nore1A binding to H-Ras. Finally, we analyze the relation between the electrostatic and hydrophobic forces and kinetic constants of the Nore1A - H-Ras complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agne Koturenkiene
- Department of Physical Chemistry I, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44780 Bochum
| | - Cihan Makbul
- Department of Physical Chemistry I, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44780 Bochum
| | - Christian Herrmann
- Department of Physical Chemistry I, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44780 Bochum
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10
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Cairns L, Tran T, Kavran JM. Structural Insights into the Regulation of Hippo Signaling. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:601-610. [PMID: 28150487 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b01058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
During development, the Hippo pathway regulates the balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis to control organ size. Appropriate Hippo signaling is associated with stem cell maintenance, while inappropriate signaling can result in tumorigenesis and cancer. Cellular and genetic investigations have identified core components and determined that complex formation and protein phosphorylation are crucial regulatory events. The recent spate of high-resolution structures of Hippo pathway components have begun to reveal the molecular mechanisms controlling these events, including the molecular determinates of complex formation between YAP and TEAD, the role of phosphorylation in controlling complex formation by Mob, and the conformational changes accompanying Mst1/2 kinase domain activation. We will review these advances and revisit previous structures to provide a comprehensive overview of the structural changes associated with the regulation of this pathway as well as discuss areas that could benefit from further mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Cairns
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School
of Public Health and ‡Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Thao Tran
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School
of Public Health and ‡Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Kavran
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School
of Public Health and ‡Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
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11
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Janati-Fard F, Housaindokht MR, Monhemi H. Investigation of structural stability and enzymatic activity of glucose oxidase and its subunits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Abstract
The MST1 and MST2 protein kinases comprise the GCK-II subfamily of protein kinases. In addition to their amino-terminal kinase catalytic domain, related to that of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein kinase Ste20, their most characteristic feature is the presence near the carboxy terminus of a unique helical structure called a SARAH domain; this segment allows MST1/MST2 to homodimerize and to heterodimerize with the other polypeptides that contain SARAH domains, the noncatalytic polypeptides RASSF1-6 and Sav1/WW45. Early studies emphasized the potent ability of MST1/MST2 to induce apoptosis upon being overexpressed, as well as the conversion of the endogenous MST1/MST2 polypeptides to constitutively active, caspase-cleaved catalytic fragments during apoptosis initiated by any stimulus. Later, the cleaved, constitutively active form of MST1 was identified in nonapoptotic, quiescent adult hepatocytes as well as in cells undergoing terminal differentiation, where its presence is necessary to maintain those cellular states. The physiologic regulation of full length MST1/MST2 is controlled by the availability of its noncatalytic SARAH domain partners. Interaction with Sav1/WW45 recruits MST1/MST2 into a tumor suppressor pathway, wherein it phosphorylates and activates the Sav1-bound protein kinases Lats1/Lats2, potent inhibitors of the Yap1 and TAZ oncogenic transcriptional regulators. A constitutive interaction with the Rap1-GTP binding protein RASSF5B (Nore1B/RAPL) in T cells recruits MST1 (especially) and MST2 as an effector of Rap1's control of T cell adhesion and migration, a program crucial to immune surveillance and response; loss of function mutation in human MST1 results in profound immunodeficiency. MST1 and MST2 are also regulated by other protein kinases, positively by TAO1 and negatively by Par1, SIK2/3, Akt, and cRaf1. The growing list of candidate MST1/MST2 substrates suggests that the full range of MST1/MST2's physiologic programs and contributions to pathophysiology remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A. Galan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Diabetes Unit and Medical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Joseph Avruch
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Diabetes Unit and Medical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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13
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Margineanu A, Chan JJ, Kelly DJ, Warren SC, Flatters D, Kumar S, Katan M, Dunsby CW, French PMW. Screening for protein-protein interactions using Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). Sci Rep 2016; 6:28186. [PMID: 27339025 PMCID: PMC4919659 DOI: 10.1038/srep28186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a high content multiwell plate cell-based assay approach to quantify protein interactions directly in cells using Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) read out by automated fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM). Automated FLIM is implemented using wide-field time-gated detection, typically requiring only 10 s per field of view (FOV). Averaging over biological, thermal and shot noise with 100's to 1000's of FOV enables unbiased quantitative analysis with high statistical power. Plotting average donor lifetime vs. acceptor/donor intensity ratio clearly identifies protein interactions and fitting to double exponential donor decay models provides estimates of interacting population fractions that, with calibrated donor and acceptor fluorescence intensities, can yield dissociation constants. We demonstrate the application to identify binding partners of MST1 kinase and estimate interaction strength among the members of the RASSF protein family, which have important roles in apoptosis via the Hippo signalling pathway. KD values broadly agree with published biochemical measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Margineanu
- Imperial College London, Dept. Physics, Photonics Lab., Blackett building, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jia Jia Chan
- University College London, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Darwin building, Gower St., London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Douglas J. Kelly
- Imperial College London, Dept. Physics, Photonics Lab., Blackett building, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Imperial College London, Institute of Chemical Biology, London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Sean C. Warren
- Imperial College London, Dept. Physics, Photonics Lab., Blackett building, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Imperial College London, Institute of Chemical Biology, London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Delphine Flatters
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Molécules Thérapeutiques in silico, Inserm UMR-S 973, 35 rue Helene Brion, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Imperial College London, Dept. Physics, Photonics Lab., Blackett building, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Matilda Katan
- University College London, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Darwin building, Gower St., London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Christopher W. Dunsby
- Imperial College London, Dept. Physics, Photonics Lab., Blackett building, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Paul M. W. French
- Imperial College London, Dept. Physics, Photonics Lab., Blackett building, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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14
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Roh KH, Choi EJ. TRAF2 functions as an activator switch in the reactive oxygen species-induced stimulation of MST1. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 91:105-13. [PMID: 26698664 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have many physiological and pathological effects on diverse cellular events. In particular, excessive ROS causes oxidative stress that leads to cell death. The mammalian STE20-like kinase-1 (MST1), a multifunctional serine-threonine kinase, plays a pivotal role in oxidative stress-induced cellular signaling events. Tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) is also known to be essential for oxidative stress-induced cell death. Here, we showed that H2O2 induced the physical interaction between TRAF2 and MST1, and that this interaction promoted the homodimerization as well as the activation of MST1. Furthermore, TRAF2 was required for MST1 to mediate the H2O2-induced stimulation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 kinase as well as apoptosis. Taken together, our results suggest that TRAF2 functions as a key activator of MST1 in oxidative stress-induced intracellular signaling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hye Roh
- Laboratory of Cell Death and Human Diseases, Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Eui-Ju Choi
- Laboratory of Cell Death and Human Diseases, Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea.
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15
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Sánchez-Sanz G, Matallanas D, Nguyen LK, Kholodenko BN, Rosta E, Kolch W, Buchete NV. MST2-RASSF protein-protein interactions through SARAH domains. Brief Bioinform 2015; 17:593-602. [PMID: 26443615 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbv070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The detailed, atomistic-level understanding of molecular signaling along the tumor-suppressive Hippo signaling pathway that controls tissue homeostasis by balancing cell proliferation and death through apoptosis is a promising avenue for the discovery of novel anticancer drug targets. The activation of kinases such as Mammalian STE20-Like Protein Kinases 1 and 2 (MST1 and MST2)-modulated through both homo- and heterodimerization (e.g. interactions with Ras association domain family, RASSF, enzymes)-is a key upstream event in this pathway and remains poorly understood. On the other hand, RASSFs (such as RASSF1A or RASSF5) act as important apoptosis activators and tumor suppressors, although their exact regulatory roles are also unclear. We present recent molecular studies of signaling along the Ras-RASSF-MST pathway, which controls growth and apoptosis in eukaryotic cells, including a variety of modern molecular modeling and simulation techniques. Using recently available structural information, we discuss the complex regulatory scenario according to which RASSFs perform dual signaling functions, either preventing or promoting MST2 activation, and thus control cell apoptosis. Here, we focus on recent studies highlighting the special role being played by the specific interactions between the helical Salvador/RASSF/Hippo (SARAH) domains of MST2 and RASSF1a or RASSF5 enzymes. These studies are crucial for integrating atomistic-level mechanistic information about the structures and conformational dynamics of interacting proteins, with information available on their system-level functions in cellular signaling.
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16
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Shi Z, Jiao S, Zhou Z. Structural dissection of Hippo signaling. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2015; 47:29-38. [PMID: 25476203 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmu107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway controls cell number and organ size by restricting cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis, and thus is a key regulator in development and homeostasis. Dysfunction of the Hippo pathway correlates with many pathological conditions, especially cancer. Hippo signaling also plays important roles in tissue regeneration and stem cell biology. Therefore, the Hippo pathway is recognized as a crucial target for cancer therapy and regeneration medicine. To date, structures of several key components in Hippo signaling have been determined. In this review, we summarize current available structural studies of the Hippo pathway, which may help to improve our understanding of its regulatory mechanisms, as well as to facilitate further functional studies and potential therapeutic interventions.
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17
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Rivera-Najera LY, Saab-Rincón G, Battaglia M, Amero C, Pulido NO, García-Hernández E, Solórzano RM, Reyes JL, Covarrubias AA. A group 6 late embryogenesis abundant protein from common bean is a disordered protein with extended helical structure and oligomer-forming properties. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:31995-32009. [PMID: 25271167 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.583369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Late embryogenesis-abundant proteins accumulate to high levels in dry seeds. Some of them also accumulate in response to water deficit in vegetative tissues, which leads to a remarkable association between their presence and low water availability conditions. A major sub-group of these proteins, also known as typical LEA proteins, shows high hydrophilicity and a high percentage of glycine and other small amino acid residues, distinctive physicochemical properties that predict a high content of structural disorder. Although all typical LEA proteins share these characteristics, seven groups can be distinguished by sequence similarity, indicating structural and functional diversity among them. Some of these groups have been extensively studied; however, others require a more detailed analysis to advance in their functional understanding. In this work, we report the structural characterization of a group 6 LEA protein from a common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (PvLEA6) by circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance showing that it is a disordered protein in aqueous solution. Using the same techniques, we show that despite its unstructured nature, the addition of trifluoroethanol exhibited an intrinsic potential in this protein to gain helicity. This property was also promoted by high osmotic potentials or molecular crowding. Furthermore, we demonstrate that PvLEA6 protein is able to form soluble homo-oligomeric complexes that also show high levels of structural disorder. The association between PvLEA6 monomers to form dimers was shown to occur in plant cells by bimolecular fluorescence complementation, pointing to the in vivo functional relevance of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucero Y Rivera-Najera
- Departamentos de Biología Molecular de Plantas and Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 510-3, 62250 Cuernavaca, Mor
| | - Gloria Saab-Rincón
- Departamentos de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 510-3, 62250 Cuernavaca, Mor
| | - Marina Battaglia
- Departamentos de Biología Molecular de Plantas and Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 510-3, 62250 Cuernavaca, Mor
| | - Carlos Amero
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad No. 1001, Col Chamilpa, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, and
| | - Nancy O Pulido
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, México 04510, D. F. México
| | - Enrique García-Hernández
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, México 04510, D. F. México
| | - Rosa M Solórzano
- Departamentos de Biología Molecular de Plantas and Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 510-3, 62250 Cuernavaca, Mor
| | - José L Reyes
- Departamentos de Biología Molecular de Plantas and Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 510-3, 62250 Cuernavaca, Mor
| | - Alejandra A Covarrubias
- Departamentos de Biología Molecular de Plantas and Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 510-3, 62250 Cuernavaca, Mor..
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18
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Chan JJ, Flatters D, Rodrigues-Lima F, Yan J, Thalassinos K, Katan M. Comparative analysis of interactions of RASSF1-10. Adv Biol Regul 2013; 53:190-201. [PMID: 23357313 PMCID: PMC4221134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Members of the RASSF family (RASSF1-10) have been identified as candidate tumour suppressors that are frequently downregulated by promoter hypermethylation in cancers. These proteins carry a common Ras-association (RA) and SARAH domain (RASSF1-6) that can potentially bind Ras oncoproteins and mediate protein-protein interactions with other SARAH domain proteins. However, there is a notable lack of comparative characterisation of the RASSF family, as well as molecular and structural information that facilitate their tumour suppressive functions. As part of our comparative analysis, we modelled the RA and SARAH domains of the RASSF members based on existing structures and predicted their potential interactions. These in silico predictions were compared to in vitro interaction studies with Ras and MST kinase (a SARAH domain-containing protein). Our data shows a diversity of interaction within the RASSF family RA domain, whereas the SARAH domain-mediated interactions for RASSF1-6 are consistent with the predictions. This suggests that different members, despite shared general architecture, could have distinct functional properties. Additionally, we identify a new interacting partner for MST kinase in the form of RASSF7. Current data supports an interaction model where RASSF serves as an adaptor for the assembly of multiple protein complexes and further functional interactions, involving MST kinases and other SARAH domain proteins, which could be regulated by Ras.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Jia Chan
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Delphine Flatters
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Molécules Thérapeutiques in silico, Inserm UMR-S 973, 35 rue Helene Brion, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Fernando Rodrigues-Lima
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS EAC4413, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Jun Yan
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Konstantinos Thalassinos
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Matilda Katan
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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19
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Walavalkar NM, Gordon N, Williams DC. Unique features of the anti-parallel, heterodimeric coiled-coil interaction between methyl-cytosine binding domain 2 (MBD2) homologues and GATA zinc finger domain containing 2A (GATAD2A/p66α). J Biol Chem 2013; 288:3419-27. [PMID: 23239876 PMCID: PMC3561560 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.431346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The methyl-cytosine binding domain 2 (MBD2)-nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex recognizes methylated DNA and silences expression of associated genes through histone deacetylase and nucleosome remodeling functions. Our previous structural work demonstrated that a coiled-coil interaction between MBD2 and GATA zinc finger domain containing 2A (GATAD2A/p66α) proteins recruits the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein (CHD4/Mi2β) to the NuRD complex and is necessary for MBD2-mediated DNA methylation-dependent gene silencing in vivo (Gnanapragasam, M. N., Scarsdale, J. N., Amaya, M. L., Webb, H. D., Desai, M. A., Walavalkar, N. M., Wang, S. Z., Zu Zhu, S., Ginder, G. D., and Williams, D. C., Jr. (2011) p66α-MBD2 coiled-coil interaction and recruitment of Mi-2 are critical for globin gene silencing by the MBD2-NuRD complex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108, 7487-7492). The p66α-MBD2 interaction differs from most coiled-coils studied to date by forming an anti-parallel heterodimeric complex between two peptides that are largely monomeric in isolation. To further characterize unique features of this complex that drive heterodimeric specificity and high affinity binding, we carried out biophysical analyses of MBD2 and the related homologues MBD3, MBD3-like protein 1 (MBD3L1), and MBD3-like protein 2 (MBD3L2) as well as specific mutations that modify charge-charge interactions and helical propensity of the coiled-coil domains. Analytical ultracentrifugation analyses show that the individual peptides remain monomeric in isolation even at 300 μM in concentration for MBD2. Circular dichroism analyses demonstrate a direct correlation between helical content of the coiled-coil domains in isolation and binding affinity for p66α. Furthermore, complementary electrostatic surface potentials and inherent helical content of each peptide are necessary to maintain high-affinity association. These factors lead to a binding affinity hierarchy of p66α for the different MBD2 homologues (MBD2 ≈ MBD3 > MBD3L1 ≈ MBD3L2) and suggest a hierarchical regulatory model in tissue and life cycle stage-specific silencing by NuRD complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninad M. Walavalkar
- From the Integrative Life Sciences Program
- Department of Pathology and the Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298 and
| | | | - David C. Williams
- Department of Pathology and the Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298 and
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20
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Makbul C, Constantinescu Aruxandei D, Hofmann E, Schwarz D, Wolf E, Herrmann C. Structural and Thermodynamic Characterization of Nore1-SARAH: A Small, Helical Module Important in Signal Transduction Networks. Biochemistry 2013; 52:1045-54. [DOI: 10.1021/bi3014642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cihan Makbul
- Ruhr University, Department of Physical Chemistry I, Protein Interactions, Universitätsstrasse
150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Diana Constantinescu Aruxandei
- Ruhr University, Department of Physical Chemistry I, Protein Interactions, Universitätsstrasse
150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Eckhard Hofmann
- Ruhr University, Department of Biophysics,
Protein Crystallography, Universitätsstrasse
150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Schwarz
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227
Dortmund, Germany
| | - Eva Wolf
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Adolf
Butenandt Institute, Butenandtstrasse 5, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Herrmann
- Ruhr University, Department of Physical Chemistry I, Protein Interactions, Universitätsstrasse
150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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21
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Meitzler JL, Hinde S, Bánfi B, Nauseef WM, Ortiz de Montellano PR. Conserved cysteine residues provide a protein-protein interaction surface in dual oxidase (DUOX) proteins. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:7147-57. [PMID: 23362256 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.414797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramolecular disulfide bond formation is promoted in oxidizing extracellular and endoplasmic reticulum compartments and often contributes to protein stability and function. DUOX1 and DUOX2 are distinguished from other members of the NOX protein family by the presence of a unique extracellular N-terminal region. These peroxidase-like domains lack the conserved cysteines that confer structural stability to mammalian peroxidases. Sequence-based structure predictions suggest that the thiol groups present are solvent-exposed on a single protein surface and are too distant to support intramolecular disulfide bond formation. To investigate the role of these thiol residues, we introduced four individual cysteine to glycine mutations in the peroxidase-like domains of both human DUOXs and purified the recombinant proteins. The mutations caused little change in the stabilities of the monomeric proteins, supporting the hypothesis that the thiol residues are solvent-exposed and not involved in disulfide bonds that are critical for structural integrity. However, the ability of the isolated hDUOX1 peroxidase-like domain to dimerize was altered, suggesting a role for these cysteines in protein-protein interactions that could facilitate homodimerization of the peroxidase-like domain or, in the full-length protein, heterodimeric interactions with a maturation protein. When full-length hDUOX1 was expressed in HEK293 cells, the mutations resulted in decreased H2O2 production that correlated with a decreased amount of the enzyme localized to the membrane surface rather than with a loss of activity or with a failure to synthesize the mutant proteins. These results support a role for the cysteine residues in intermolecular disulfide bond formation with the DUOX maturation factor DUOXA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Meitzler
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology of the Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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22
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Doyle CM, Rumfeldt JA, Broom HR, Broom A, Stathopulos PB, Vassall KA, Almey JJ, Meiering EM. Energetics of oligomeric protein folding and association. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 531:44-64. [PMID: 23246784 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In nature, proteins most often exist as complexes, with many of these consisting of identical subunits. Understanding of the energetics governing the folding and misfolding of such homooligomeric proteins is central to understanding their function and misfunction, in disease or biotechnology. Much progress has been made in defining the mechanisms and thermodynamics of homooligomeric protein folding. In this review, we outline models as well as calorimetric and spectroscopic methods for characterizing oligomer folding, and describe extensive results obtained for diverse proteins, ranging from dimers to octamers and higher order aggregates. To our knowledge, this area has not been reviewed comprehensively in years, and the collective progress is impressive. The results provide evolutionary insights into the development of subunit interfaces, mechanisms of oligomer folding, and contributions of oligomerization to protein stability, function and regulation. Thermodynamic analyses have also proven valuable for understanding protein misfolding and aggregation mechanisms, suggesting new therapeutic avenues. Successful recent designs of novel, functional proteins demonstrate increased understanding of oligomer folding. Further rigorous analyses using multiple experimental and computational approaches are still required, however, to achieve consistent and accurate prediction of oligomer folding energetics. Modeling the energetics remains challenging but is a promising avenue for future advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M Doyle
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Studies in Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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23
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Aguado-Llera D, Bacarizo J, Gregorio-Teruel L, Taberner FJ, Cámara-Artigas A, Neira JL. Biophysical characterization of the isolated C-terminal region of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:1154-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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