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Cannie D, Patel K, Protonotarios A, Heenan I, Bakalakos A, Syrris P, Menezes L, Elliott PM. Prevalence of transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis in patients with high-degree AV block. Open Heart 2024; 11:e002606. [PMID: 38538064 PMCID: PMC10982802 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2024-002606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is an infiltrative cardiac disorder caused by deposition of wild type or mutated transthyretin. As ATTR-CM is associated with conduction disease, we sought to determine its prevalence in patients with idiopathic high-degree atrioventricular (AV) block requiring permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation. METHODS Consecutive patients aged 70-85 years undergoing PPM implantation for idiopathic high-degree AV block between November 2019 and November 2021 were offered a 3,3-diphosphono-1,2-propanodicarboxylic acid (DPD) scan. Demographics, comorbidities, electrocardiographic and imaging data from the time of device implantation were retrospectively collected. RESULTS 39 patients (79.5% male, mean (SD) age at device implantation 76.2 (2.9) years) had a DPD scan. 3/39 (7.7%, all male) had a result consistent with ATTR-CM (Perugini grade 2 or 3). Mean (SD) maximum wall thickness of those with a positive DPD scan was 19.0 mm (3.6 mm) vs 11.4 mm (2.7 mm) in those with a negative scan (p=0.06). All patients diagnosed with ATTR-CM had spinal canal stenosis and two had carpal tunnel syndrome. CONCLUSIONS ATTR-CM should be considered in older patients requiring permanent pacing for high-degree AV block, particularly in the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy, carpal tunnel syndrome or spinal canal stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Cannie
- University College London, London, UK
- St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kush Patel
- University College London, London, UK
- St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Leon Menezes
- University College London, London, UK
- St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Perry M Elliott
- University College London, London, UK
- St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
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2
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Vaccarin C, Mapanao AK, Deberle LM, Becker AE, Borgna F, Marzaro G, Schibli R, Müller C. Design and Preclinical Evaluation of a Novel Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Radioligand Modified with a Transthyretin Binder. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1262. [PMID: 38610940 PMCID: PMC11011029 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin binders have previously been used to improve the pharmacokinetic properties of small-molecule drug conjugates and could, thus, be utilized for radiopharmaceuticals as an alternative to the widely explored "albumin binder concept". In this study, a novel PSMA ligand modified with a transthyretin-binding entity (TB-01) was synthesized and labeled with lutetium-177 to obtain [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-TB-01. A high and specific uptake of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-TB-01 was found in PSMA-positive PC-3 PIP cells (69 ± 3% after 4 h incubation), while uptake in PSMA-negative PC-3 flu cells was negligible (<1%). In vitro binding studies showed a 174-fold stronger affinity of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-TB-01 to transthyretin than to human serum albumin. Biodistribution studies in PC-3 PIP/flu tumor-bearing mice confirmed the enhanced blood retention of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-TB-01 (16 ± 1% IA/g at 1 h p.i.), which translated to a high tumor uptake (69 ± 13% IA/g at 4 h p.i.) with only slow wash-out over time (31 ± 8% IA/g at 96 h p.i.), while accumulation in the PC-3 flu tumor and non-targeted normal tissue was reasonably low. Further optimization of the radioligand design would be necessary to fine-tune the biodistribution and enable its use for therapeutic purposes. This study was the first of this kind and could motivate the use of the "transthyretin binder concept" for the development of future radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Vaccarin
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; (C.V.); (A.K.M.); (L.M.D.); (A.E.B.); (F.B.); (R.S.)
| | - Ana Katrina Mapanao
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; (C.V.); (A.K.M.); (L.M.D.); (A.E.B.); (F.B.); (R.S.)
| | - Luisa M. Deberle
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; (C.V.); (A.K.M.); (L.M.D.); (A.E.B.); (F.B.); (R.S.)
| | - Anna E. Becker
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; (C.V.); (A.K.M.); (L.M.D.); (A.E.B.); (F.B.); (R.S.)
| | - Francesca Borgna
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; (C.V.); (A.K.M.); (L.M.D.); (A.E.B.); (F.B.); (R.S.)
| | - Giovanni Marzaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy;
| | - Roger Schibli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; (C.V.); (A.K.M.); (L.M.D.); (A.E.B.); (F.B.); (R.S.)
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; (C.V.); (A.K.M.); (L.M.D.); (A.E.B.); (F.B.); (R.S.)
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Sun X, Ferguson JA, Yang K, Stanfield RL, Dyson HJ, Wright PE. Mispacking of the F87 sidechain drives aggregation-promoting conformational fluctuations in the subunit interfaces of the transthyretin tetramer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.26.582172. [PMID: 38464206 PMCID: PMC10925235 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.26.582172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Aberrant formation and deposition of human transthyretin (TTR) aggregates causes transthyretin amyloidosis. To initialize aggregation, transthyretin tetramers must first dissociate into monomers that partially unfold to promote entry into the aggregation pathway. The native TTR tetramer (T) is stabilized by docking of the F87 sidechain into an interfacial cavity enclosed by several hydrophobic residues including A120. We have previously shown that an alternative tetramer (T*) with mispacked F87 sidechains is more prone to dissociation and aggregation than the native T state. However, the molecular basis for the reduced stability in T* remains unclear. Here we report characterization of the A120L mutant, where steric hindrance is introduced into the F87 binding site. The X-ray structure of A120L shows that the F87 sidechain is displaced from its docking site across the subunit interface. In A120S, a naturally occurring pathogenic mutant that is less aggregation-prone than A120L, the F87 sidechain is correctly docked, as in the native TTR tetramer. Nevertheless, 19F-NMR aggregation assays show an elevated population of a monomeric aggregation intermediate in A120S relative to a control containing the native A120, due to accelerated tetramer dissociation and slowed monomer tetramerization. The mispacking of the F87 sidechain is associated with enhanced exchange dynamics for interfacial residues. At 298 K, the T* populations of various naturally occurring mutants fall between 4-7% (ΔG ~ 1.5-1.9 kcal/mol), consistent with the free energy change expected for undocking and solvent exposure of one of the four F87 sidechains in the tetramer (ΔG ~ 1.6 kcal/mol). Our data provide a molecular-level picture of the likely universal F87 sidechain mispacking in tetrameric TTR that promotes interfacial conformational dynamics and increases aggregation propensity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Robyn L. Stanfield
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology and Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S
| | - H. Jane Dyson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology and Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S
| | - Peter E. Wright
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology and Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S
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Sha Q, Zhang Y, Wang M, Sun J, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Wang N, Liu Y, Liu Y. Biochemical and biophysical properties of a rare TTRA81V mutation causing mild transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy. ESC Heart Fail 2024; 11:112-125. [PMID: 37827496 PMCID: PMC10804152 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS We conducted a presentation on an 84-year-old male patient who has been diagnosed with TTRA81V (p. TTRA101V) hereditary transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (hATTR-CM). In order to establish its pathogenicity, we extensively investigated the biochemical and biophysical properties of the condition. METHODS AND RESULTS Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is an increasingly acknowledged progressive infiltrative cardiomyopathy that leads to heart failure and potentially fatal arrhythmias. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the biochemical and biophysical characteristics of genetically mutated TTR proteins serves as the fundamental cornerstone for delivering precise medical care to individuals affected by ATTR. Laboratory assessments indicated a brain natriuretic peptide of 200.12 ng/L (normal range: 0-100 ng/L) and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I of 0.189 μg/L (normal range: 0-0.1 μg/L). Echocardiography identified left atrial enlargement, symmetrical left ventricular hypertrophy (16 mm septal and 16 mm posterior wall), and a left ventricular ejection fraction of 56%. Cardiac-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging revealed subendocardial late gadolinium enhancement. Tc-99m-PYP nuclear scintigraphy confirmed grade 3 myocardial uptake, showing an increased heart-to-contralateral ratio (H/CL = 2.33). Genetic testing revealed a heterozygous missense mutation in the TTR gene (c.302C>T), resulting in an alanine-to-valine residue change (p. Ala81Val, following the first 20 residues of signal sequence nomenclature). Biochemical analysis of this variant displayed compromised kinetic stability in both the TTRA81V:WT (wild-type) heterozygote protein (half-life, t1/2 = 21 h) and the TTRA81V homozygote protein (t1/2 = 17.5 h). The kinetic stability fell between that of the TTRWT (t1/2 = 42 h) and the early-onset TTRL55P mutation (t1/2 = 4.4 h), indicating the patient's late-onset condition. Kinetic stabilizers (Tafamidis, Diflunisal, and AG10) all exhibited the capacity to inhibit TTRA81V acid- and mechanical force-induced fibril formation, albeit less effectively than with TTRWT. Chromatographic assessment of the patient's serum TTR tetramers indicated a slightly lower concentration (3.0 μM) before oral administration of Tafamidis compared with the normal range (3.6-7.2 μM). CONCLUSIONS We identified a patient with hATTR-CM who possesses a rare TTRA81V mutation solely associated with cardiac complications. The slightly reduced kinetic stability of this mutation indicates its late-onset nature and contributes to the gradual progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Sha
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University222 Zhongshan RoadDalianLiaoningChina
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of ScienceDalianLiaoningChina
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University222 Zhongshan RoadDalianLiaoningChina
| | - Mengdie Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of ScienceDalianLiaoningChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jialu Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of ScienceDalianLiaoningChina
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University222 Zhongshan RoadDalianLiaoningChina
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University222 Zhongshan RoadDalianLiaoningChina
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University222 Zhongshan RoadDalianLiaoningChina
| | - Yu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of ScienceDalianLiaoningChina
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University222 Zhongshan RoadDalianLiaoningChina
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Wang S, Guan L, Sun Y, Cui L, Guo S, Wang M, Liu Y, Cui X, Zhao F, Zhang Y, Cao Y. An ultra performance liquid chromatography method for transthyretin variants screening and heart failure assisting diagnosis. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 553:117709. [PMID: 38103852 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transthyretin (TTR) gene mutations are associated with hereditary amyloidosis (ATTR) caused by mutant TTR protein dissociation, misfolding, aggregation, and insoluble fibrils deposition. Herein, we reported a chromatographic approach for quantification and identification of TTR tetramer in human blood serum by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). METHODS TTR proteins and serum were incubated with a fluorescent TTR tetramer sensor (A2). The A2 sensor specifically reacted with tetrameric TTR and released stoichiometric fluorescence that was detected by fluorescence detector coupled to UPLC. The external standard was used for quantification, the chromatographic peak parameters were used to identification certain mutation types. RESULTS UPLC correctly distinguished 18 types of mutant TTR proteins from wild type. The results were consistent with follow-up analysis of two ATTR patients' blood serum samples. In addition, the tetrameric TTR of 30 heart failure (HF) patients showed strongly correlation (r = -0.63, p < 0.00) with NT-proBNP, a HF clinical biomarker. CONCLUSIONS UPLC method has sufficient accuracy to eliminate the necessity of sequencing for certain types of TTR mutations and allows for facile initial screening of ATTR amyloidosis patients, carriers, and healthy individuals for time-saving and economical purposes. TTR tetramer may serve as a diagnostic biomarker to evaluate the risk of HF diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liping Guan
- Dalian Boyuan Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Dalian Boyuan Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Li Cui
- Dalian Boyuan Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Dalian 116000, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Shigang Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Chaoyang Central Hospital, Chaoyang 122099, China
| | - Mengdie Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Yu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Xueting Cui
- Dalian Boyuan Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Dalian 116000, China; Dalian Runsheng Kangtai Medical Laboratory Co., Ltd, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Furong Zhao
- Dalian Boyuan Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Yunfeng Cao
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Patil MB, Ghode P, Joshi P. A Comprehensive Review on Chemistry and Biology of Tafamidis in Transthyretin Amyloidosis. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:571-587. [PMID: 37828667 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575241556231003055323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy and Transthyretin amyloid peripheral neuropathy are progressive disease conditions caused by Transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) fibril infiltration in the tissue. Transthyretin (TTR) protein misfolding and amyloid fibril deposits are pathological biomarkers of ATTR-related disorders. There are various treatment strategies targeting different stages in pathophysiology. One such strategy is TTR tetramer stabilization. Recently, a new TTR tetramer stabilizer, tafamidis, has been introduced that reduces the protein misfolding and amyloidosis and, consequently, disease progression in ATTR cardiomyopathy and peripheral neuropathy. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of the literature on tafamidis discovery, development, synthetic methods, pharmacokinetics, analytical methods and clinical trials. Overall, 7 synthetic methods, 5 analytical methods and 23 clinical trials have been summarized from the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monali B Patil
- SVKM's NMIMS School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Shirpur, and Maharashtra, India
| | - Piyush Ghode
- SVKM's NMIMS School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Shirpur, and Maharashtra, India
| | - Prashant Joshi
- SVKM's NMIMS School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Shirpur, and Maharashtra, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Tsai FJ, Jaeger M, Coelho T, Powers ET, Kelly JW. Tafamidis concentration required for transthyretin stabilisation in cerebrospinal fluid. Amyloid 2023; 30:279-289. [PMID: 36691999 PMCID: PMC10363573 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2023.2167595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis (ATTRv) initially presents as a polyneuropathy and/or a cardiomyopathy. Central nervous system (CNS) pathology in ATTRv amyloidosis, including focal neurological episodes, dementia, cerebrovascular bleeding, and seizures, appears around a decade later. Wild-type (WT) TTR amyloidosis (ATTRwt) causes a cardiomyopathy. CNS pathology risk likely also increases in these patients as cardiomyopathy progresses. Herein, we study tafamidis-mediated TTR kinetic stabilisation in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). METHODS Varying tafamidis concentrations (50-1000 nM) were added to CSF from healthy donors or ATTRv patients, and TTR stabilisation was measured via the decrease in dissociation rate. RESULTS Tafamidis meglumine (Vyndaqel) can be dosed at 20 or 80 mg QD. The latter dose is bioequivalent to a 61 mg QD dose of tafamidis free acid (Vyndamax). The tafamidis CSF concentration in ATTRv patients on 20 mg Vyndaqel is ∼125 nM. By linear extrapolation, we expect a CSF concentration of ∼500 nM at the higher dose. When tafamidis is added to healthy donor CSF at 125 or 500 nM, the WT TTR dissociation rate decreases by 42% or 87%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Tafamidis stabilises TTR in CSF to what is likely a clinically meaningful extent at CSF concentrations achieved by the normal tafamidis dosing regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix J. Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marcus Jaeger
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Teresa Coelho
- Unidade Corino de Andrade, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Evan T. Powers
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeffery W. Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, CA, USA
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Socie P, Benmalek A, Cauquil C, Piekarski E, Kounis I, Eliahou L, Rousseau A, Rouzet F, Echaniz-Laguna A, Samuel D, Adams D, Slama MS, Algalarrondo V. Comparison between tafamidis and liver transplantation as first-line therapy for hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis. Amyloid 2023; 30:303-312. [PMID: 36795029 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2023.2177986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND By stabilizing transthyretin, tafamidis delays progression of amyloidosis due to transthyretin variant (ATTRv) and replaced liver transplantation (LT) as the first-line therapy. No study compared these two therapeutic strategies. METHODS In a monocentric retrospective cohort analysis, patients with ATTRv amyloidosis treated with either tafamidis or LT were compared using a propensity score and a competing risk analysis for three endpoints: all-cause mortality, cardiac worsening (heart failure or cardiovascular death) and neurological worsening (worsening in PolyNeuropathy Disability score). RESULTS 345 patients treated with tafamidis (n = 129) or LT (n = 216) were analyzed, and 144 patients were matched (72 patients in each group, median age 54 years, 60% carrying the V30M mutation, 81% of stage I, 69% with cardiac involvement, median follow-up: 68 months). Patients treated with tafamidis had longer survival than LT patients (HR: 0.35; p = .032). Conversely, they also presented a 3.0-fold higher risk of cardiac worsening and a 7.1-fold higher risk of neurological worsening (p = .0071 and p < .0001 respectively). CONCLUSIONS ATTRv amyloidosis patients treated with tafamidis would present a better survival but also a faster deterioration of their cardiac and neurological statuses as compared with LT. Further studies are needed to clarify the therapeutic strategy in ATTRv amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Socie
- Centre de Compétence des Amyloses Cardiaques, Service de Cardiologie, Hôpital Bichat Claude Bernard, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Anouar Benmalek
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Chatenay Malabry, France
| | - Cécile Cauquil
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France and French Referral Center for Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy and Other Rare Peripheral Neuropathies (NNERF), Bicêtre, France
| | - Eve Piekarski
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Bichat Claude Bernard, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Université de Paris-Cité, Faculté de médecine, Paris, France
| | - Ilias Kounis
- Centre Hépatobiliaire, Hôpital Paul Brousse, AP-HP, Villejuif, France
- Service d'Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Ludivine Eliahou
- Centre de Compétence des Amyloses Cardiaques, Service de Cardiologie, Hôpital Bichat Claude Bernard, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Rousseau
- Service d'Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - François Rouzet
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Bichat Claude Bernard, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Université de Paris-Cité, Faculté de médecine, Paris, France
| | - Andoni Echaniz-Laguna
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France and French Referral Center for Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy and Other Rare Peripheral Neuropathies (NNERF), Bicêtre, France
- Service d'Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM, UMR 1195, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Didier Samuel
- Centre Hépatobiliaire, Hôpital Paul Brousse, AP-HP, Villejuif, France
- Service d'Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - David Adams
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France and French Referral Center for Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy and Other Rare Peripheral Neuropathies (NNERF), Bicêtre, France
- Service d'Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM, UMR 1195, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Michel S Slama
- Centre de Compétence des Amyloses Cardiaques, Service de Cardiologie, Hôpital Bichat Claude Bernard, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Service d'Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Vincent Algalarrondo
- Centre de Compétence des Amyloses Cardiaques, Service de Cardiologie, Hôpital Bichat Claude Bernard, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Université de Paris-Cité, Faculté de médecine, Paris, France
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Tsai FJ, Nelson LT, Kline GM, Jäger M, Berk JL, Sekijima Y, Powers ET, Kelly JW. Characterising diflunisal as a transthyretin kinetic stabilizer at relevant concentrations in human plasma using subunit exchange. Amyloid 2023; 30:220-224. [PMID: 36444793 PMCID: PMC10225472 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2022.2148094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) dissociation is the rate limiting step for both aggregation and subunit exchange. Kinetic stabilisers, small molecules that bind to the native tetrameric structure of TTR, slow TTR dissociation and inhibit aggregation. One such stabiliser is the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), diflunisal, which has been repurposed to treat TTR polyneuropathy. Previously, we compared the efficacy of diflunisal, tafamidis, tolcapone, and AG10 as kinetic stabilisers for transthyretin. However, we could not meaningfully compare diflunisal because we were unsure of its plasma concentration after long-term oral dosing. Herein, we report the diflunisal plasma concentrations measured by extraction, reversed phase HPLC separation, and fluorescence detection after long-term 250 mg BID oral dosing in two groups: a placebo-controlled diflunisal clinical trial group and an open-label Japanese polyneuropathy treatment cohort. The measured mean diflunisal plasma concentration from both groups was 282.2 μ M ± 143.7 μ M (mean ± standard deviation). Thus, quantification of TTR kinetic stabilisation using subunit exchange was carried out at 100, 200, 300, and 400 μM diflunisal concentrations, all observed in patients after 250 mg BID oral dosing. A 250 μ M diflunisal plasma concentration reduced the wild-type TTR dissociation rate in plasma by 95%, which is sufficient to stop transthyretin aggregation, consistent with the clinical efficacy of diflunisal for ameliorating transthyretin polyneuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix J. Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Luke T. Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gabriel M. Kline
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marcus Jäger
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John L. Berk
- Boston University Amyloidosis Center, Boston MA, USA
| | - Yoshiki Sekijima
- Department of Medicine (Neurology & Rheumatology), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Evan T. Powers
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeffery W. Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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10
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Ruberg FL, Blaner WS, Chiuzan C, Connors LH, Einstein AJ, Fine D, Helmke S, Kurian D, Pandey S, Raiszadeh F, Rodriguez C, Sabogal N, Teruya S, Winburn M, Chung WK, Cohn E, Miller EJ, Kelly JW, Maurer MS. Design and Rationale the SCAN-MP (Screening for Cardiac Amyloidosis With Nuclear Imaging in Minority Populations) Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e028534. [PMID: 37066788 PMCID: PMC10227254 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.028534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is an important cause of heart failure in older individuals. Misfolding and deposition of transthyretin or prealbumin protein causes ATTR-CM in the context of a normal (wild-type) or variant TTR sequence. Variant ATTR-CM is most commonly caused by the substitution of valine for isoleucine at position 122 in transthyretin (Val122Ile or pV142I, almost exclusively observed in individuals of West African ancestry), demonstrated in 3.4% of self-identified Black individuals in the United States with an estimated 1.5 million carriers. Despite the large number of known pV142I carriers, the proportion of older Black patients with heart failure attributable to ATTR-CM remains unknown. Methods To address this knowledge gap, the SCAN-MP (Screening for Cardiac Amyloidosis with Nuclear Imaging in Minority Populations) study was funded by the National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL139671) to enroll a targeted population of self-identified, community-dwelling Black or Caribbean Hispanic patients (many of whom are of West African ancestry) >60 years of age with heart failure and identify ATTR-CM by noninvasive nuclear imaging. The principal objective of SCAN-MP is to determine the prevalence of ATTR-CM in this population. Secondary objectives will explore TTR genotype, demographics, progression of variant versus wild-type ATTR-CM, and biochemical mechanisms of transthyretin amyloid fibril formation. Conclusions The SCAN-MP study is the largest, prospective study of cardiac amyloidosis in Black and Hispanic individuals. Both wild-type and variant ATTR-CM are now treatable with the US Food and Drug-approved drug tafamidis. The insights gained from SCAN-MP are likely to improve those at risk for or afflicted with ATTR-CM. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03812172.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick L. Ruberg
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of MedicineBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBoston Medical CenterBostonMAUSA
- Amyloidosis CenterBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
| | - William S. Blaner
- Department of MedicineVagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | - Codruta Chiuzan
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell HealthNew YorkNY
| | - Lawreen H. Connors
- Amyloidosis CenterBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBoston Medical CenterBostonMAUSA
| | - Andrew J. Einstein
- Seymour, Paul, and Gloria Milstein Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
- Department of RadiologyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | - Denise Fine
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of MedicineBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBoston Medical CenterBostonMAUSA
| | - Stephen Helmke
- Seymour, Paul, and Gloria Milstein Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | - Damian Kurian
- Division of CardiologyHarlem Hospital CenterNew York City Health and Hospital CorporationNew YorkNY
| | - Shivda Pandey
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of MedicineBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBoston Medical CenterBostonMAUSA
| | - Farbod Raiszadeh
- Division of CardiologyHarlem Hospital CenterNew York City Health and Hospital CorporationNew YorkNY
| | - Carlos Rodriguez
- Seymour, Paul, and Gloria Milstein Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | - Natalia Sabogal
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of MedicineBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBoston Medical CenterBostonMAUSA
| | - Sergio Teruya
- Seymour, Paul, and Gloria Milstein Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | - Morgan Winburn
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of MedicineBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBoston Medical CenterBostonMAUSA
| | - Wendy K. Chung
- Departments of Pediatrics and MedicineColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | | | - Edward J. Miller
- Section of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of MedicineYale School of MedicineNew HavenCT
| | - Jeffery W. Kelly
- Department of ChemistrySkaggs Institute for Chemical BiologyThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCA
| | - Mathew S. Maurer
- Seymour, Paul, and Gloria Milstein Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
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11
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Monteiro C, Mesgarzadeh JS, Anselmo J, Fernandes J, Novais M, Rodrigues C, Powers DL, Powers ET, Coelho T, Kelly JW. Tafamidis polyneuropathy amelioration requires modest increases in transthyretin stability even though increases in plasma native TTR and decreases in non-native TTR do not predict response. Amyloid 2023; 30:81-95. [PMID: 36178172 PMCID: PMC9992127 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2022.2126308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TTR aggregation causes hereditary transthyretin (TTR) polyneuropathy (ATTRv-PN) in individuals with destabilised TTR variants. ATTRv-PN can be treated with ligands that bind TTR and prevent aggregation. One such ligand, tafamidis, is widely approved to treat ATTRv-PN. We explore how TTR stabilisation markers relate to clinical efficacy in 210 ATTRv-PN patients taking tafamidis. METHODS TTR concentration in patient plasma was measured before and after tafamidis treatment using assays for native or combined native + non-native TTR. TTR tetramer dissociation kinetics, which are slowed by tafamidis binding, were also measured. RESULTS Native TTR levels increased by 56.8% while combined native + non-native TTR levels increased by 3.1% after 24 months of tafamidis treatment, implying that non-native TTR decreased. Accordingly, the fraction of native TTR increased from 0.54 to 0.71 with tafamidis administration. Changes in native and non-native TTR levels were uncorrelated with clinical response to tafamidis. TTR tetramer dissociation generally slowed to an extent consistent with ∼40% of TTR being tafamidis-bound. Male non-responders had a lower extent of binding. CONCLUSIONS Native and non-native TTR concentration changes cannot be used as surrogate measures for therapeutic efficacy. Also, successful tafamidis therapy requires only moderate TTR stabilisation. Male patients may benefit from higher tafamidis doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecília Monteiro
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute,
10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jaleh S. Mesgarzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute,
10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - João Anselmo
- Unidade Corino de Andrade, Centro Hospitalar do Porto,
Largo do Prof. Abel Salazar, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Fernandes
- Unidade Corino de Andrade, Centro Hospitalar do Porto,
Largo do Prof. Abel Salazar, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Novais
- Unidade Corino de Andrade, Centro Hospitalar do Porto,
Largo do Prof. Abel Salazar, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Rodrigues
- Unidade Corino de Andrade, Centro Hospitalar do Porto,
Largo do Prof. Abel Salazar, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal
| | - David L. Powers
- Department of Mathematics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY
13676, USA
| | - Evan T. Powers
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute,
10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Teresa Coelho
- Unidade Corino de Andrade, Centro Hospitalar do Porto,
Largo do Prof. Abel Salazar, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Neurophysiology, Centro Hospitalar do Porto,
Largo do Prof. Abel Salazar, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jeffery W. Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute,
10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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12
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Ma Q, Wang M, Huang Y, Nie Y, Zhang X, Yang DD, Wang Z, Ding S, Qian N, Liu Y, Pan X. Identification of a novel transthyretin mutation D39Y in a cardiac amyloidosis patient and its biochemical characterizations. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1091183. [PMID: 36776255 PMCID: PMC9909007 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1091183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (hATTR-CA) is a rare autosomal dominantly inherited disease caused by mutations in the transthyretin (TTR) gene. TTR mutations often cause the instability of transthyretin, production of misfolded proteins, and ultimately excessive deposition of insoluble amyloid fibrils in the myocardium, thereby leading to cardiac dysfunction. Herein, we report a novel transthyretin D39Y mutation in a Chinese family. We characterized the kinetic and thermodynamic stabilities of D39Y mutant TTR, revealing that TTR D39Y mutant was less stable than WT TTR and more stable than amyloidogenic mutation TTR L55P. Meanwhile, the only FDA approved drug Tafamidis showed satisfactory inhibitory effect toward ATTR amyloid formation and strong binding affinity in test tube revealed by isothermal titration calorimetry. Finally, we measured the well-folded tetrameric TTR concentration in patient's and his descents' blood serum using a previously reported UPLC-based assay. Notably, the tetramer concentrations gradually increased from symptomatic D39Y gene carrier father, to asymptomatic D39Y gene carrier daughter, and further to wild type daughter, suggesting the decrease in functional tetrameric TTR concentration may serve as an indicator for disease age of onset in D39Y gene carriers. The study described a Chinese family with hATTR-CA due to the TTR variant D39Y with its destabilizing effect in both kinetic and thermodynamic stabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunchao Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengdie Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China,Department of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Huang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Nie
- Instrumentation and Service Center for Physical Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Science, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China,Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Dan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siyin Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ningjing Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China,Yu Liu,
| | - Xiaohong Pan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,*Correspondence: Xiaohong Pan,
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13
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Maurer MS, Smiley D, Simsolo E, Remotti F, Bustamante A, Teruya S, Helmke S, Einstein AJ, Lehman R, Giles JT, Kelly JW, Tsai F, Blaner WS, Brun PJ, Riesenburger RI, Kryzanski J, Varga C, Patel AR. Analysis of lumbar spine stenosis specimens for identification of amyloid. J Am Geriatr Soc 2022; 70:3538-3548. [PMID: 35929177 PMCID: PMC9771886 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.17976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a common reason for spine surgery in which ligamentum flavum is resected. Transthyretin (TTR) amyloid is an often unrecognized and potentially modifiable mechanism for LSS that can also cause TTR cardiac amyloidosis. Accordingly, older adult patients undergoing lumbar spine (LS) surgery were evaluated for amyloid and if present, the precursor protein, as well as comprehensive characterization of the clinical phenotype. METHODS A prospective, cohort study in 2 academic medical centers enrolled 47 subjects (age 69 ± 7 years, 53% male) undergoing clinically indicated LS decompression. The presence of amyloid was evaluated by Congo Red staining and in those with amyloid, precursor protein was determined by laser capture microdissection coupled to mass spectrometry (LCM-MS). The phenotype was assessed by disease-specific questionnaires (Swiss Spinal Stenosis Questionnaire and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire) and the 36-question short-form health survey, as well as biochemical measures (TTR, retinol-binding protein, and TTR stability). Cardiac testing included technetium-99m-pyrophosphate scintigraphy, electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, and cardiac biomarkers as well as measures of functional capacity. RESULTS Amyloid was detected in 16 samples (34% of participants) and was more common in those aged ≥ 75 years of age (66.7%) compared with those <75 years (22.3%, p < 0.05). LCM-MS demonstrated TTR as the precursor protein in 62.5% of participants with amyloid while 37.5% had an indeterminant type of amyloid. Demographic, clinical, quality-of-life measures, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, and biochemical measures did not differ between those with and without amyloid. Among those with TTR amyloid (n = 10), one subject had cardiac involvement by scintigraphy. CONCLUSIONS Amyloid is detected in more than a third of older adults undergoing LSS. Amyloid is more common with advancing age and is particularly common in those >75 years old. No demographic, clinical, biochemical, or cardiac parameter distinguished those with and without amyloid. In more than half of subjects with LS amyloid, the precursor protein was TTR indicating the importance of pathological assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew S Maurer
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, Scripps Clinic, Tufts Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dia Smiley
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, Scripps Clinic, Tufts Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eli Simsolo
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, Scripps Clinic, Tufts Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Fabrizio Remotti
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, Scripps Clinic, Tufts Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Angela Bustamante
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, Scripps Clinic, Tufts Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sergio Teruya
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, Scripps Clinic, Tufts Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stephen Helmke
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, Scripps Clinic, Tufts Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrew J Einstein
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, Scripps Clinic, Tufts Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ronald Lehman
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, Scripps Clinic, Tufts Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jon T Giles
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, Scripps Clinic, Tufts Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeffery W Kelly
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, Scripps Clinic, Tufts Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Felix Tsai
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, Scripps Clinic, Tufts Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - William S Blaner
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, Scripps Clinic, Tufts Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Pierre-Jacques Brun
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, Scripps Clinic, Tufts Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ron I Riesenburger
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, Scripps Clinic, Tufts Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - James Kryzanski
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, Scripps Clinic, Tufts Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cindy Varga
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, Scripps Clinic, Tufts Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ayan R Patel
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, Scripps Clinic, Tufts Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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14
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Tess DA, Maurer TS, Li Z, Bulawa C, Fleming J, Moody AT. Relationship of binding-site occupancy, transthyretin stabilisation and disease modification in patients with tafamidis-treated transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy. Amyloid 2022:1-12. [PMID: 36399070 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2022.2145876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tafamidis inhibits progression of transthyretin (TTR) amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) by binding TTR tetramer and inhibiting dissociation to monomers capable of denaturation and deposition in cardiac tissue. While the phase 3 ATTR-ACT trial demonstrated the efficacy of tafamidis, the degree to which the approved dose captures the full potential of the mechanism has yet to be assessed. METHODS We developed a model of dynamic TTR concentrations in plasma to relate TTR occupancy by tafamidis to TTR stabilisation. We then developed population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic models to characterise the relationship between stabilisation and measures of disease progression. RESULTS Modelling individual patient data of tafamidis exposure and increased plasma TTR confirmed that single-site binding provides complete tetramer stabilisation in vivo. The approved dose was estimated to reduce unbound TTR tetramer by 92%, and was associated with 53%, 56% and 49% decreases in the rate of change in NT-proBNP, KCCQ-OS, and six-minute walk test disease progression measures, respectively. Simulating complete TTR stabilisation predicted slightly greater reductions of 58%, 61% and 54%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the value of TTR stabilisation as a clinically beneficial treatment option in ATTR-CM and the ability of tafamidis to realise nearly the full therapeutic benefit of this mechanism. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV IDENTIFIER NCT01994889.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Tess
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tristan S Maurer
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhenhong Li
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - James Fleming
- Rare Disease Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Amy T Moody
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
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15
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Jiang M, Wang M, Tao Z, Chai Y, Liu Q, Lu Q, Wu Q, Ying X, Huang Y, Nie Y, Tang Y, Zhang X, Liu Y, Pu J. Biochemical and biophysical properties of an unreported T96R mutation causing transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis. Amyloid 2022:1-11. [PMID: 36350689 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2022.2142109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We presented an unreported T96R mutation induced transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR). The biochemical and biophysical properties were explored to support its pathogenicity. BACKGROUND Understanding the biochemical and biophysical nature of genetically mutated transthyretin (TTR) proteins is key to provide precise medical cares for ATTR patients. RESULTS Genetic testing showed heterozygosity for the T96R pathogenic variant c.347C > G (ATTR p.T116R) after myocardial biopsy confirmed amyloid deposition. Biochemical characterizations revealed slight perturbation of its thermodynamic stability (Cm=3.7 M for T96R, 3.4 M for WT and 2.3 M for L55P (commonly studied TTR mutant)) and kinetic stability (t1/2=39.8 h for T96R, 42 h for WT and 4.4 h in L55P). Crosslinking experiment demonstrated heterozygous subunit exchange between wild-type and TTR T96R protein destabilized the tetramer. Inhibitory effect of tafamidis and diflunisal on TTR T96R fibril formation was slightly less effective compared to WT and L55P. CONCLUSIONS A novel T96R mutation was identified for TTR protein. Biochemical and biophysical analyses revealed slightly destabilized kinetic stability. T96R mutation destabilized heterozygous protein but not proteolytic degradation, explaining its pathogenicity. Inhibitory effect of small molecule drugs on T96R mutation was different, suggesting personalized treatment may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengdie Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengyu Tao
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yezi Chai
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiming Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qifan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qizhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Ying
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Nie
- School of Science, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China.,Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Tang
- School of Science, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China.,Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Science, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China.,Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, China
| | - Jun Pu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Chu X, Wang M, Tang R, Huang Y, Yu J, Cao Y, Zheng Y, Xie Z, Deng J, Wang Z, Ma W, Song W, Wu Y, Lv H, Zhang W, Wang Z, Yuan Y, Liu Y, Meng L. Clinical and biochemical characterization of hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis caused by E61K mutation. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1003303. [PMID: 36311011 PMCID: PMC9596982 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1003303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objects: This study was intended to find out more about the clinical characterizations of patients carrying transthyretin (TTR) E61K (p.Glu81Lys) gene mutation and the biochemical characterization of this mutant protein. Materials and methods: Five patients who had been diagnosed with hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis and two asymptomatic carriers carrying TTR E61K gene mutation were reported. Biochemical and biophysical tests were conducted to observe the thermodynamic and kinetic stability. Fibril formation tests measured by turbidity assay were performed to explore the pathogenicity of this mutation. Kinetic stabilizer responsiveness was measured to determine the inhibitory effect on protein aggregation. Results: The average age of onset for the five patients was 62 years, and the course of the disease ranged from 2 to 10 years. Cardiac disease was prominent in this group of patients. Nerve pathology revealed a mildly to moderately reduced myelinated fiber density and muscle pathology showed predominant neurogenic impairment accompanied by possible myogenic impairment. E61K-TTR was characterized as a kinetically destabilized protein compared to WT-TTR but its thermodynamic stability was not compromised. In addition, the subunit exchange of E61K with WT-TTR further destabilized the heterozygous tetramer. Meanwhile, the E61K:WT heterozygous tetramer exhibited a poor response to kinetic stabilizers in the fibril formation assay. Finally, the serum TTR tetramer concentration was low in E61K-TTR symptomatic patients and in one asymptomatic gene carrier. Vyndamax (Tafamidis) could increase the TTR tetramer concentration. Conclusions: Patients with E61K mutation tended to be late-onset. The concentration of TTR tetramer in the serum might serve as a biomarker to monitor disease progress, therapeutic window time, and therapeutic response to TTR kinetic stabilizer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujun Chu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mengdie Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Tang
- Dong’e County People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yanan Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, China
| | - Jiaxi Yu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfeng Cao
- Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Reproductive Health Drug and Devices, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilei Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhiying Xie
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwen Deng
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - He Lv
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Lingchao Meng Yu Liu orcid.org/0000-0002-0779-1488
| | - Lingchao Meng
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lingchao Meng Yu Liu orcid.org/0000-0002-0779-1488
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17
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Hood CJ, Hendren NS, Pedretti R, Roth LR, Saelices L, Grodin JL. Update on Disease-Specific Biomarkers in Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2022; 19:356-363. [PMID: 35930129 PMCID: PMC10132942 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-022-00570-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CM) is an infiltrative cardiomyopathy and an increasingly recognized cause of morbidity and mortality. There remains substantial delay between initial symptoms and diagnosis. With the recent emergence of various targeted therapies proven to reduce morbidity and mortality, there is an imperative to diagnose subclinical disease. Biomarkers may be well-suited for this role. RECENT FINDINGS Conventional markers of heart failure, such as natriuretic peptides and cardiac troponins, and estimated glomerular filtration rate are associated with risk in ATTR-CM. Circulating transthyretin (TTR) levels parallel TTR kinetic stability, correlate with disease severity, and may serve as indirect markers of ATTR-CM disease activity and response to targeted treatment. There is also growing evidence for the correlation of TTR to retinol-binding protein 4, a biomarker which independently associates with this disease. The rate-limiting step for ATTR pathogenesis is dissociation of the TTR homotetramer, which may be quantified using subunit exchange to allow for early risk assessment, prognostication, and assessment of treatment response. The protein species that result from the dissociation and misfolding of TTR are known as nonnative transthyretin (NNTTR). NNTTR is quantifiable via peptide probes and is a specific biomarker whose reduction is positively correlated with improvement in neuropathic ATTR amyloidosis. Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is released into the blood after axonal damage and correlates with neuropathic ATTR amyloidosis, but its clinical use in ATTR-CM is uncertain. Conventional markers of heart failure, transthyretin, retinol-binding protein 4, transthyretin kinetic stability, nonnative transthyretin, peptide probes, and neurofilament light chain have potential as biomarkers to enable early, subclinical diagnosis in patients with transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb J Hood
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nicholas S Hendren
- Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, TX, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd. Ste. E5.310F, Dallas, TX, 75390-8830, USA
| | - Rose Pedretti
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lori R Roth
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd. Ste. E5.310F, Dallas, TX, 75390-8830, USA
| | - Lorena Saelices
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Justin L Grodin
- Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd. Ste. E5.310F, Dallas, TX, 75390-8830, USA.
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18
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Rapezzi C, Vergaro G, Emdin M, Fabbri G, Cantone A, Sanguettoli F, Aimo A. The revolution of ATTR amyloidosis in cardiology: certainties, gray zones and perspectives. Minerva Cardiol Angiol 2022; 70:248-257. [PMID: 35412035 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5683.21.05926-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is a tetrameric protein synthesized mostly by the liver. As a result of gene mutations or as an ageing-related phenomenon, TTR molecules may misfold and deposit in the heart and in other organs as amyloid fibrils. Amyloid transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA) manifests typically as left ventricular pseudohypertrophy and/or heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and is an underdiagnosed disorder affecting quality of life and prognosis. This justifies the current search for novel tools for early diagnosis and accurate risk prediction, as well as for safe and effective therapies. In this review we will provide an overview of the main unsolved issues and the most promising research lines on ATTR-CA, ranging from the mechanisms of amyloid formation to therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Rapezzi
- Cardiologic Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy - .,GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Ravenna, Italy -
| | - Giuseppe Vergaro
- Sant'Anna High School, Institute of Life Sciences, Pisa, Italy.,Division of Cardiology, Toscana Gabriele Monasterio Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Emdin
- Sant'Anna High School, Institute of Life Sciences, Pisa, Italy.,Division of Cardiology, Toscana Gabriele Monasterio Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gioele Fabbri
- Cardiologic Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Cantone
- Cardiologic Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Aimo
- Sant'Anna High School, Institute of Life Sciences, Pisa, Italy.,Division of Cardiology, Toscana Gabriele Monasterio Foundation, Pisa, Italy
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19
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Smerikarova M, Bozhanov S, Maslarska V, Tournev I. Determination of Tafamidis Plasma Concentrations in Amyloidosis Patients with Glu89Gln Mutation by HPLC-UV Detection. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 60:840-847. [PMID: 34897414 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Present study describes a high-performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of the potent kinetic stabilizer-Tafamidis in human plasma. It was approved for medical use in European Union in 2011. Ultra violet (UV) detection mode and isocratic elution of the mobile phase were set and made the analytical procedure fast and widely applicable. Chromatographic determination was performed on a Purospher® RP-18 column. The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid in water and acetonitrile in the ratio 42:58 v/v and the flow rate was 1.0 ml/min. All analyses were carried at a room temperature and the detector was set at 280 nm. Calibration curve over a range of 1.00-10.00 μM was constructed for the purposes of linearity method validation. The specificity and effectiveness of the developed method made it suitable for observation of patients' plasma Tafamidis concentration with time and drug therapy monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miglena Smerikarova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Dunav Str. no. 2, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria
| | - Stanislav Bozhanov
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Dunav Str. no. 2, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria
| | - Vania Maslarska
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Dunav Str. no. 2, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria
| | - Ivailo Tournev
- Clinic of Nervous Diseases, UMBAL Aleksandrovska, Department of Neurology, Medical University, Sv. Georgi Sofiiski Str. no. 1, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
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20
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Bai Y, Huang Y, Wan W, Jin W, Shen D, Lyu H, Zeng L, Liu Y. Derivatizing merocyanine dyes to balance their polarity and viscosity sensitivities for protein aggregation detection. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13313-13316. [PMID: 34812440 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05200d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Protein misfolding and aggregation processes involve local polarity and viscosity fluctuation. Herein we modulated the polarity and viscosity sensitivities of merocyanine dyes to detect protein aggregation. We demonstrated how structural modulation balanced these two fluorescence sensitivities and affected the detection of misfolded and aggregated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanan Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Wang Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Wenhan Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Di Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Haochen Lyu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Lianggang Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
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21
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McCabe JW, Hebert MJ, Shirzadeh M, Mallis CS, Denton JK, Walker TE, Russell DH. THE IMS PARADOX: A PERSPECTIVE ON STRUCTURAL ION MOBILITY-MASS SPECTROMETRY. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021; 40:280-305. [PMID: 32608033 PMCID: PMC7989064 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Studies of large proteins, protein complexes, and membrane protein complexes pose new challenges, most notably the need for increased ion mobility (IM) and mass spectrometry (MS) resolution. This review covers evolutionary developments in IM-MS in the authors' and key collaborators' laboratories with specific focus on developments that enhance the utility of IM-MS for structural analysis. IM-MS measurements are performed on gas phase ions, thus "structural IM-MS" appears paradoxical-do gas phase ions retain their solution phase structure? There is growing evidence to support the notion that solution phase structure(s) can be retained by the gas phase ions. It should not go unnoticed that we use "structures" in this statement because an important feature of IM-MS is the ability to deal with conformationally heterogeneous systems, thus providing a direct measure of conformational entropy. The extension of this work to large proteins and protein complexes has motivated our development of Fourier-transform IM-MS instruments, a strategy first described by Hill and coworkers in 1985 (Anal Chem, 1985, 57, pp. 402-406) that has proved to be a game-changer in our quest to merge drift tube (DT) and ion mobility and the high mass resolution orbitrap MS instruments. DT-IMS is the only method that allows first-principles determinations of rotationally averaged collision cross sections (CSS), which is essential for studies of biomolecules where the conformational diversities of the molecule precludes the use of CCS calibration approaches. The Fourier transform-IM-orbitrap instrument described here also incorporates the full suite of native MS/IM-MS capabilities that are currently employed in the most advanced native MS/IM-MS instruments. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W McCabe
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843
| | - Michael J Hebert
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843
| | - Mehdi Shirzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843
| | | | - Joanna K Denton
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843
| | - Thomas E Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843
| | - David H Russell
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843
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22
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Mangiagalli M, Barbiroli A, Santambrogio C, Ferrari C, Nardini M, Lotti M, Brocca S. The activity and stability of a cold-active acylaminoacyl peptidase rely on its dimerization by domain swapping. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 181:263-274. [PMID: 33775759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The study of enzymes from extremophiles arouses interest in Protein Science because of the amazing solutions these proteins adopt to cope with extreme conditions. Recently solved, the structure of the psychrophilic acyl aminoacyl peptidase from Sporosarcina psychrophila (SpAAP) pinpoints a mechanism of dimerization unusual for this class of enzymes. The quaternary structure of SpAAP relies on a domain-swapping mechanism involving the N-terminal A1 helix. The A1 helix is conserved among homologous mesophilic and psychrophilic proteins and its deletion causes the formation of a monomeric enzyme, which is inactive and prone to aggregate. Here, we investigate the dimerization mechanism of SpAAP through the analysis of chimeric heterodimers where a protomer lacking the A1 helix combines with a protomer carrying the inactivated catalytic site. Our results indicate that the two active sites are independent, and that a single A1 helix is sufficient to partially recover the quaternary structure and the activity of chimeric heterodimers. Since catalytically competent protomers are unstable and inactive unless they dimerize, SpAAP reveals as an "obligomer" for both structural and functional reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mangiagalli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy.
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Santambrogio
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristian Ferrari
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Nardini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marina Lotti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Brocca
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy.
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23
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Burton A, Castaño A, Bruno M, Riley S, Schumacher J, Sultan MB, See Tai S, Judge DP, Patel JK, Kelly JW. Drug Discovery and Development in Rare Diseases: Taking a Closer Look at the Tafamidis Story. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:1225-1243. [PMID: 33776421 PMCID: PMC7987260 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s289772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare diseases are increasingly recognized as a global public health priority. Governments worldwide currently provide important incentives to stimulate the discovery and development of orphan drugs for the treatment of these conditions, but substantial scientific, clinical, and regulatory challenges remain. Tafamidis is a first-in-class, disease-modifying transthyretin (TTR) kinetic stabilizer that represents a major breakthrough in the treatment of transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR amyloidosis). ATTR amyloidosis is a rare, progressive, and fatal systemic disorder caused by aggregation of misfolded TTR and extracellular deposition of amyloid fibrils in various tissues and organs, including the heart and nervous systems. In this review, we present the successful development of tafamidis spanning 3 decades, marked by meticulous laboratory research into disease mechanisms and natural history, and innovative clinical study design and implementation. These efforts established the safety and efficacy profile of tafamidis, leading to its regulatory approval, and enabled post-approval initiatives that further support patients with ATTR amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Steve Riley
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT, USA
| | | | - Marla B Sultan
- Global Product Development, Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sandi See Tai
- Global Product Development, Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Daniel P Judge
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jignesh K Patel
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeffery W Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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24
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Nelson LT, Paxman RJ, Xu J, Webb B, Powers ET, Kelly JW. Blinded potency comparison of transthyretin kinetic stabilisers by subunit exchange in human plasma. Amyloid 2021; 28:24-29. [PMID: 32811187 PMCID: PMC7952025 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2020.1808783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) tetramer dissociation is rate limiting for aggregation and subunit exchange. Slowing of TTR tetramer dissociation via kinetic stabiliser binding slows cardiomyopathy progression. Quadruplicate subunit exchange comparisons of the drug candidate AG10, and the drugs tolcapone, diflunisal, and tafamidis were carried out at 1, 5, 10, 20 and 30 µM concentrations in 4 distinct pooled wild type TTR (TTRwt) human plasma samples. These experiments reveal that the concentration dependence of the efficacy of each compound at inhibiting TTR dissociation was primarily determined by the ratio between the stabiliser's dissociation constants from TTR and albumin, which competes with TTR to bind kinetic stabilisers. The best stabilisers, tafamidis (80 mg QD), AG10 (800 mg BID), and tolcapone (3 x 100 mg over 12 h), exhibit very similar kinetic stabilisation at the plasma concentrations resulting from these doses. At a 10 µM plasma concentration, AG10 is slightly more potent as a kinetic stabiliser vs. tolcapone and tafamidis (which are similar), which are substantially more potent than diflunisal. Dissociation of TTR can be limited to 10% of its normal rate at concentrations of 5.7 µM AG10, 10.3 µM tolcapone, 12.0 µM tafamidis, and 188 µM diflunisal. The potency similarities revealed by our study suggest that differences in safety, adsorption and metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and tissue distribution become important for kinetic stabiliser clinical use decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke T Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ryan J Paxman
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bill Webb
- Center for Metabolomics, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Evan T Powers
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeffery W Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.,The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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25
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Castiglione V, Franzini M, Aimo A, Carecci A, Lombardi CM, Passino C, Rapezzi C, Emdin M, Vergaro G. Use of biomarkers to diagnose and manage cardiac amyloidosis. Eur J Heart Fail 2021; 23:217-230. [PMID: 33527656 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloidoses are characterized by the tissue accumulation of misfolded proteins into insoluble fibrils. The two most common types of systemic amyloidosis result from the deposition of immunoglobulin light chains (AL) and wild-type or variant transthyretin (ATTRwt/ATTRv). Cardiac involvement is the main determinant of outcome in both AL and ATTR, and cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is increasingly recognized as a cause of heart failure. In CA, circulating biomarkers are important diagnostic tools, allow to refine risk stratification at baseline and during follow-up, help to tailor the therapeutic strategy and monitor the response to treatment. Among amyloid precursors, free light chains are established biomarkers in AL amyloidosis, while the plasma transthyretin assay is currently being investigated as a tool for supporting the diagnosis of ATTRv amyloidosis, predicting outcome and monitor response to novel tetramer stabilizers or small interfering RNA drugs in ATTR CA. Natriuretic peptides (NPs) and troponins are consistently elevated in patients with AL and ATTR CA. Plasma NPs, troponins and free light chains hold prognostic significance in AL amyloidosis, and are evaluated for therapy decision-making and follow-up, while the value of NPs and troponins in ATTR is less well established. Biomarkers can be usefully integrated with clinical and imaging variables at all levels of the clinical algorithm of systemic amyloidosis, from screening to diagnosis and prognosis, and treatment tailoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Franzini
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Aimo
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.,Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Mario Lombardi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health University and Civil Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Claudio Passino
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.,Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudio Rapezzi
- Centro Cardiologico Universitario di Ferrara, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Michele Emdin
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.,Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vergaro
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.,Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
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26
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Rapezzi C, Aimo A, Emdin M. Tafamidis is entering the clinical arena for the treatment of transthyretin-related cardiomyopathy: certainties and unmet needs. Eur J Heart Fail 2021; 23:286-289. [PMID: 33443315 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Rapezzi
- Cardiovascular Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Alberto Aimo
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.,Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Emdin
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.,Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
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27
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Keppel SC, Brannagan TH, Helmke S, Santos JDL, Gonzalez LJ, Fayerman R, Teruya S, Maurer MS. Early-Onset of Transthyretin Amyloidosis in a Young Afro-Caribbean Woman With Thr60Ala Mutation. JACC Case Rep 2020; 2:2063-2067. [PMID: 34317109 PMCID: PMC8299767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2020.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Transthyretin amyloidosis involves the deposition of transthyretin amyloid fibrils in the body. We report an unusual case of a young Afro-Caribbean woman harboring a Thr60Ala mutation who presented with clinical signs of heart failure and polyneuropathy confirmed with genetic testing and results of an abdominal fat pad biopsy. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stormy C Keppel
- CUNY Medical School, The Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, New York, New York
| | - Thomas H Brannagan
- Peripheral Neuropathy Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Stephen Helmke
- Cardiac Amyloidosis Program, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Jeffeny De Los Santos
- Cardiac Amyloidosis Program, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Leidy J Gonzalez
- Peripheral Neuropathy Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Raisy Fayerman
- Peripheral Neuropathy Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Sergio Teruya
- Cardiac Amyloidosis Program, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Mathew S Maurer
- Cardiac Amyloidosis Program, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
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Sinha A, Chang JC, Xu P, Gindinova K, Cho Y, Sun W, Wu X, Li YM, Greengard P, Kelly JW, Sinha SC. Brain Permeable Tafamidis Amide Analogs for Stabilizing TTR and Reducing APP Cleavage. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1973-1979. [PMID: 33062181 PMCID: PMC7549266 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tafamidis, 1, a potent transthyretin kinetic stabilizer, weakly inhibits the γ-secretase enzyme in vitro. We have synthesized four amide derivatives of 1. These compounds reduce production of the Aβ peptide in N2a695 cells but do not inhibit the γ-secretase enzyme in cell-free assays. By performing fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, we have shown that TTR inhibits Aβ oligomerization and that addition of tafamidis or its amide derivative does not affect TTR's ability to inhibit Aβ oligomerization. The piperazine amide derivative of tafamidis (1a) efficiently penetrates and accumulates in mouse brain and undergoes proteolysis under physiological conditions in mice to produce tafamidis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Sinha
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Jerry C Chang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Peng Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Katherina Gindinova
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Younhee Cho
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Weilin Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Xianzhong Wu
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Yue Ming Li
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Paul Greengard
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Jeffery W Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Subhash C Sinha
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
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Giadone RM, Liberti DC, Matte TM, Rosarda JD, Torres-Arancivia C, Ghosh S, Diedrich JK, Pankow S, Skvir N, Jean JC, Yates JR, Wilson AA, Connors LH, Kotton DN, Wiseman RL, Murphy GJ. Expression of Amyloidogenic Transthyretin Drives Hepatic Proteostasis Remodeling in an Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Model of Systemic Amyloid Disease. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:515-528. [PMID: 32735824 PMCID: PMC7419739 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The systemic amyloidoses are diverse disorders in which misfolded proteins are secreted by effector organs and deposited as proteotoxic aggregates at downstream tissues. Although well described clinically, the contribution of synthesizing organs to amyloid disease pathogenesis is unknown. Here, we utilize hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR amyloidosis) induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to define the contribution of hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) to the proteotoxicity of secreted transthyretin (TTR). To this end, we generated isogenic, patient-specific iPSCs expressing either amyloidogenic or wild-type TTR. We combined this tool with single-cell RNA sequencing to identify hepatic proteostasis factors correlating with destabilized TTR production in iPSC-derived HLCs. By generating an ATF6 inducible patient-specific iPSC line, we demonstrated that enhancing hepatic ER proteostasis preferentially reduces the secretion of amyloidogenic TTR. These data highlight the liver's capacity to chaperone misfolded TTR prior to deposition, and moreover suggest the potential for unfolded protein response modulating therapeutics in the treatment of diverse systemic amyloidoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Giadone
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, 670 Albany Street, 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Derek C Liberti
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, 670 Albany Street, 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Taylor M Matte
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, 670 Albany Street, 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jessica D Rosarda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Celia Torres-Arancivia
- Alan and Sandra Gerry Amyloid Research Laboratory, Amyloidosis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sabrina Ghosh
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, 670 Albany Street, 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jolene K Diedrich
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Pankow
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Skvir
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, 670 Albany Street, 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - J C Jean
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, 670 Albany Street, 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew A Wilson
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, 670 Albany Street, 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lawreen H Connors
- Alan and Sandra Gerry Amyloid Research Laboratory, Amyloidosis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Darrell N Kotton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, 670 Albany Street, 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R Luke Wiseman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - George J Murphy
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, 670 Albany Street, 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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Varga C, Dorbala S, Lousada I, Polydefkis MJ, Wechalekar A, Maurer MS, Comenzo RL. The diagnostic challenges of cardiac amyloidosis: A practical approach to the two main types. Blood Rev 2020; 45:100720. [PMID: 32616304 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Systemic amyloidosis of the immunoglobulin light-chain (AL) or transthyretin type (ATTR) is a multisystem protein deposition disease that often involves the heart. Delays in diagnosis are very common and can have detrimental consequences on patient outcomes. Because both major types can now be distinguished quickly and treated effectively, clear approaches are required. There have been advances in radioisotope scintigraphy, monoclonal protein testing and mass spectrometry for typing that need coordinated application. We have entered an era in which rapid diagnosis and ready therapy will save lives, therefore we must develop coherent approaches to this multisystem disease. The prognosis for AL has improved significantly with the incorporation of novel agents such as proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulators and monoclonal antibodies against plasma cells. Multiple independent studies have demonstrated the efficacy of these agents in AL, though tolerability can become an issue with dose reductions required in many cases. Median overall survival for patients achieving complete responses after stem cell transplant and consolidation exceeds a decade. The prognosis for ATTR, both age-related wild-type (ATTRwt) and hereditary due to variants of transthyretin (ATTRv), has improved as well due to the availability of the stabilizer tafamidis and the RNA-interference agents patisiran and inotersen. In both AL and ATTR, with elimination or suppression of the pathologic amyloid-forming protein, symptomatic involvement of the heart, kidneys and peripheral nervous system can improve as well. In this review, we present the current state of diagnosing and treating the two major types of systemic amyloidosis, emphasizing the coherent clinical application of the new tools and treatments. Implementation of the approaches we provide will enable rapid identification of amyloid type and rational selection of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Varga
- Department of Medicine, The John C Davis Myeloma and Amyloid Program, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Sharmila Dorbala
- Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Michael J Polydefkis
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ashutosh Wechalekar
- National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London (Royal Free Campus), London, UK
| | - Mathew S Maurer
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raymond L Comenzo
- Department of Medicine, The John C Davis Myeloma and Amyloid Program, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Shirzadeh M, Poltash ML, Laganowsky A, Russell DH. Structural Analysis of the Effect of a Dual-FLAG Tag on Transthyretin. Biochemistry 2020; 59:1013-1022. [PMID: 32101399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant proteins have increased our knowledge regarding the physiological role of proteins; however, affinity purification tags are often not cleaved prior to analysis, and their effects on protein structure, stability and assembly are often overlooked. In this study, the stabilizing effects of an N-terminus dual-FLAG (FT2) tag fusion to transthyretin (TTR), a construct used in previous studies, are investigated using native ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS). A combination of collision-induced unfolding and variable-temperature electrospray ionization is used to compare gas- and solution-phase stabilities of FT2-TTR to wild-type and C-terminal tagged TTR. Despite an increased stability of both gas- and solution-phase FT2-TTR, thermal degradation of FT2-TTR was observed at elevated temperatures, viz., backbone cleavage occurring between Lys9 and Cys10. This cleavage reaction is consistent with previously reported metalloprotease activity of TTR [Liz et al. 2009] and is suppressed by either metal chelation or excess zinc. This study brings to the fore the effect of affinity tag stabilization of TTR and emphasizes unprecedented detail afforded by native IM-MS to assess structural discrepancies of recombinant proteins from their wild-type counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Shirzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Michael L Poltash
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Arthur Laganowsky
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - David H Russell
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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Tenosynovial and Cardiac Amyloidosis in Patients Undergoing Carpal Tunnel Release. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 72:2040-2050. [PMID: 30336828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.07.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with cardiac amyloidosis often have carpal tunnel syndrome that precedes cardiac manifestations by several years. However, the prevalence of cardiac involvement at the time of carpal tunnel surgery has not been established. OBJECTIVES The authors sought to identify the prevalence and type of amyloid deposits in patients undergoing carpal tunnel surgery and evaluate for cardiac involvement. The authors also sought to determine if patients with soft tissue transthyretin (TTR) amyloid had abnormal TTR tetramer kinetic stability. METHODS This was a prospective, cross-sectional, multidisciplinary study of consecutive men age ≥50 years and women ≥60 years undergoing carpal tunnel release surgery. Biopsy specimens of tenosynovial tissue were obtained and stained with Congo red; those with confirmed amyloid deposits were typed with mass spectrometry and further evaluated for cardiac involvement with biomarkers, electrocardiography, echocardiography with longitudinal strain, and technetium pyrophosphate scintigraphy. Additionally, serum TTR concentration and tetramer kinetic stability were examined. RESULTS Of 98 patients enrolled (median age 68 years, 51% male), 10 (10.2%) had a positive biopsy for amyloid (7 ATTR, 2 light chain [AL], 1 untyped). Two patients were diagnosed with hereditary ATTR (Leu58His and Ala81Thr), 2 were found to have cardiac involvement (1 AL, 1 ATTR wild-type), and 3 were initiated on therapy. In those patients who had biopsy-diagnosed ATTR, there was no difference in plasma TTR concentration or tetramer kinetic stability. CONCLUSIONS In a cohort of patients undergoing carpal tunnel release surgery, Congo red staining of tenosynovial tissue detected amyloid deposits in 10.2% of patients. Concomitant cardiac evaluation identified patients with involvement of the myocardium, allowing for implementation of disease-modifying therapy. (Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Amyloid Cardiomyopathy; NCT02792790).
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Needham PG, Guerriero CJ, Brodsky JL. Chaperoning Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation (ERAD) and Protein Conformational Diseases. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:cshperspect.a033928. [PMID: 30670468 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a033928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Misfolded proteins compromise cellular homeostasis. This is especially problematic in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is a high-capacity protein-folding compartment and whose function requires stringent protein quality-control systems. Multiprotein complexes in the ER are able to identify, remove, ubiquitinate, and deliver misfolded proteins to the 26S proteasome for degradation in the cytosol, and these events are collectively termed ER-associated degradation, or ERAD. Several steps in the ERAD pathway are facilitated by molecular chaperone networks, and the importance of ERAD is highlighted by the fact that this pathway is linked to numerous protein conformational diseases. In this review, we discuss the factors that constitute the ERAD machinery and detail how each step in the pathway occurs. We then highlight the underlying pathophysiology of protein conformational diseases associated with ERAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G Needham
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | | | - Jeffrey L Brodsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
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35
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Monteiro C, Mesgazardeh JS, Anselmo J, Fernandes J, Novais M, Rodrigues C, Brighty GJ, Powers DL, Powers ET, Coelho T, Kelly JW. Predictive model of response to tafamidis in hereditary ATTR polyneuropathy. JCI Insight 2019; 4:126526. [PMID: 31217346 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDThe hereditary transthyretin (TTR) amyloidoses are a group of diseases for which several disease-modifying treatments are now available. Long-term effectiveness of these therapies is not yet fully known. Moreover, the existence of alternative therapies has resulted in an urgent need to identify patient characteristics that predict response to each therapy.METHODSWe carried out a retrospective cohort study of 210 patients with hereditary TTR amyloidosis treated with the kinetic stabilizer tafamidis (20 mg qd). These patients were followed for a period of 18-66 months, after which they were classified by an expert as responders, partial responders, or nonresponders. Correlations between baseline demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as plasma biomarkers and response to therapy, were investigated.RESULTS34% of patients exhibited an almost complete arrest of disease progression (classified by an expert as responders); 36% had a partial to complete arrest in progression of some but not all disease components (partial responders); whereas the remaining 30% continued progressing despite therapy (nonresponders). We determined that disease severity, sex, and native TTR concentration at the outset of treatment were the most relevant predictors of response to tafamidis. Plasma tafamidis concentration after 12 months of therapy was also a predictor of response for male patients. Using these variables, we built a model to predict responsiveness to tafamidis.CONCLUSIONOur study indicates long-term effectiveness for tafamidis, a kinetic stabilizer approved for the treatment of hereditary TTR amyloidosis. Moreover, we created a predictive model that can be potentially used in the clinical setting to inform patients and clinicians in their therapeutic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecília Monteiro
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jaleh S Mesgazardeh
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - João Anselmo
- Unidade Corino de Andrade, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Fernandes
- Unidade Corino de Andrade, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Novais
- Unidade Corino de Andrade, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Rodrigues
- Unidade Corino de Andrade, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gabriel J Brighty
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - David L Powers
- Department of Mathematics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York, USA
| | - Evan T Powers
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Teresa Coelho
- Unidade Corino de Andrade, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Neurophysiology, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jeffery W Kelly
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
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Pobre KFR, Powers DL, Ghosh K, Gierasch LM, Powers ET. Kinetic versus thermodynamic control of mutational effects on protein homeostasis: A perspective from computational modeling and experiment. Protein Sci 2019; 28:1324-1339. [PMID: 31074892 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The effect of mutations in individual proteins on protein homeostasis, or "proteostasis," can in principle depend on the mutations' effects on the thermodynamics or kinetics of folding, or both. Here, we explore this issue using a computational model of in vivo protein folding that we call FoldEcoSlim. Our model predicts that kinetic versus thermodynamic control of mutational effects on proteostasis hinges on the relationship between how fast a protein's folding reaction reaches equilibrium and a critical time scale that characterizes the lifetime of a protein in its environment: for rapidly dividing bacteria, this time scale is that of cell division; for proteins that are produced in heterologous expression systems, this time scale is the amount of time before the protein is harvested; for proteins that are synthesized in and then exported from the eukaryotic endoplasmic reticulum, this time scale is that of protein secretion, and so forth. This prediction was validated experimentally by examining the expression yields of the wild type and several destabilized mutants of a model protein, the mouse ortholog of cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Faye R Pobre
- Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003
| | - David L Powers
- Department of Mathematics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York, 13699
| | - Kingshuk Ghosh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, 80208
| | - Lila M Gierasch
- Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003
| | - Evan T Powers
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037
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Ilie IM, Caflisch A. Simulation Studies of Amyloidogenic Polypeptides and Their Aggregates. Chem Rev 2019; 119:6956-6993. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ioana M. Ilie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zürich, Zürich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Amedeo Caflisch
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zürich, Zürich CH-8057, Switzerland
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Lampkin BJ, Monteiro C, Powers ET, Bouc PM, Kelly JW, VanVeller B. A designed protein binding-pocket to control excited-state intramolecular proton transfer fluorescence. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:1076-1080. [PMID: 30534794 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02673d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer involves a photochemical isomerization and creates the opportunity for the emission of two distinct wavelengths of light from a single fluorophore. The selectivity between these two wavelengths of emission is dependent on the environment around the fluorophore and suggests the possibility for ratiometric monitoring of protein microenvironments. Unfortunately, nonspecific binding of ESIPT fluorophores does not often lead to dramatic changes in the ratio between the two wavelengths of emission. A protein binding pocket was designed to selectively discriminate between the two channels of emission available to an ESIPT fluorophore. This work is significant because it demonstrates that specific interactions between the protein and the fluorophore are essential to realize strong ratiometric differences between the two possible wavelengths of emission. The design strategies proposed here lead to an ESIPT fluorophore that can discern subtle differences in the interface between two proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan J Lampkin
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
| | - Cecilia Monteiro
- Department of Chemistry, Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Evan T Powers
- Department of Chemistry, Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Paige M Bouc
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
| | - Jeffery W Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Brett VanVeller
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
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Shirzadeh M, Boone CD, Laganowsky A, Russell DH. Topological Analysis of Transthyretin Disassembly Mechanism: Surface-Induced Dissociation Reveals Hidden Reaction Pathways. Anal Chem 2019; 91:2345-2351. [PMID: 30642177 PMCID: PMC6464633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The proposed mechanism of fibril formation of transthyretin (TTR) involves self-assembly of partially unfolded monomers. However, the mechanism(s) of disassembly to monomer and potential intermediates involved in this process are not fully understood. In this study, native mass spectrometry and surface-induced dissociation (SID) are used to investigate the TTR disassembly mechanism(s) and the effects of temperature and ionic strength on the kinetics of TTR complex formation. Results from the SID of hybrid tetramers formed during subunit exchange provide strong evidence for a two-step mechanism whereby the tetramer dissociates to dimers that then dissociate to monomers. Also, the SID results uncovered a hidden pathway in which a specific topology of the hybrid tetramer is directly produced by assembly of dimers in the early steps of TTR disassembly. Implementation of SID to dissect protein topology during subunit exchange provides unique opportunities to gain unparalleled insight into disassembly pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Shirzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Christopher D. Boone
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Arthur Laganowsky
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - David H. Russell
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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Romine IC, Wiseman RL. PERK Signaling Regulates Extracellular Proteostasis of an Amyloidogenic Protein During Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Sci Rep 2019; 9:410. [PMID: 30675021 PMCID: PMC6344643 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37207-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The PERK arm of the unfolded protein response (UPR) regulates cellular proteostasis and survival in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, the impact of PERK signaling on extracellular proteostasis is poorly understood. We define how PERK signaling influences extracellular proteostasis during ER stress using a conformational reporter of the secreted amyloidogenic protein transthyretin (TTR). We show that inhibiting PERK signaling impairs secretion of destabilized TTR during thapsigargin (Tg)-induced ER stress by increasing its ER retention in chaperone-bound complexes. Interestingly, PERK inhibition increases the ER stress-dependent secretion of TTR in non-native conformations that accumulate extracellularly as soluble oligomers. Pharmacologic or genetic TTR stabilization partially restores secretion of native TTR tetramers. However, PERK inhibition still increases the ER stress-dependent secretion of TTR in non-native conformations under these conditions, indicating that the conformation of stable secreted proteins can also be affected by inhibiting PERK. Our results define a role for PERK in regulating extracellular proteostasis during ER stress and indicate that genetic or aging-related alterations in PERK signaling can exacerbate ER stress-related imbalances in extracellular proteostasis implicated in diverse diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle C Romine
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - R Luke Wiseman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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Sun X, Jaeger M, Kelly JW, Dyson HJ, Wright PE. Mispacking of the Phe87 Side Chain Reduces the Kinetic Stability of Human Transthyretin. Biochemistry 2018; 57:6919-6922. [PMID: 30540442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of transthyretin (TTR) causes TTR amyloidoses. The native TTR tetramer (a dimer of dimers) is stabilized by packing of phenylalanine 87 (F87) into a hydrophobic cavity of a neighboring protomer across the strong dimer interface. X-ray structures at acidic pH show that the side chain of F87 can be displaced from its binding pocket, but the resultant solution conformations remain unknown. Here we used 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and 19F-labeled C10S-S85C TTR to characterize two local conformations of the loop containing F87. At neutral pH, F87 packs correctly into the interprotomer cavity in the dominant conformational state (93% population, T) whereas the remaining minor population is a mispacked tetramer (T*). The population of T* can be enhanced in heterotetramers by mixing C10S-S85C TTR with increasing molar ratios of A120L TTR, where a bulky leucine residue is introduced to disfavor the T state by steric hindrance. Exchange between the T and T* states in the presence of A120L is mediated by subunit exchange from the C10S-S85C tetramer. Compared to the TTR tetramer in which the dimers are correctly packed, mispacking of one or both dimer pairs leads to an increase in the urea unfolding rate of 4-fold or at least 15-fold, respectively. Consistent acid-mediated tetramer dissociation was observed by 19F NMR aggregation assays. Our results highlight the important role of the interprotomer F87 side chain packing in determining the kinetic stability of the TTR tetramer; mispacking of F87 in the T* state predisposes it for rapid dissociation and entry into the aggregation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Sun
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Chemistry, and Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Marcus Jaeger
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Chemistry, and Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Jeffery W Kelly
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Chemistry, and Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - H Jane Dyson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Chemistry, and Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Peter E Wright
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Chemistry, and Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
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Madhivanan K, Greiner ER, Alves-Ferreira M, Soriano-Castell D, Rouzbeh N, Aguirre CA, Paulsson JF, Chapman J, Jiang X, Ooi FK, Lemos C, Dillin A, Prahlad V, Kelly JW, Encalada SE. Cellular clearance of circulating transthyretin decreases cell-nonautonomous proteotoxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E7710-E7719. [PMID: 30061394 PMCID: PMC6099907 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1801117115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-autonomous and cell-nonautonomous mechanisms of neurodegeneration appear to occur in the proteinopathies, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. However, how neuronal toxicity is generated from misfolding-prone proteins secreted by nonneuronal tissues and whether modulating protein aggregate levels at distal locales affects the degeneration of postmitotic neurons remains unknown. We generated and characterized animal models of the transthyretin (TTR) amyloidoses that faithfully recapitulate cell-nonautonomous neuronal proteotoxicity by expressing human TTR in the Caenorhabditis elegans muscle. We identified sensory neurons with affected morphological and behavioral nociception-sensing impairments. Nonnative TTR oligomer load and neurotoxicity increased following inhibition of TTR degradation in distal macrophage-like nonaffected cells. Moreover, reducing TTR levels by RNAi or by kinetically stabilizing natively folded TTR pharmacologically decreased TTR aggregate load and attenuated neuronal dysfunction. These findings reveal a critical role for in trans modulation of aggregation-prone degradation that directly affects postmitotic tissue degeneration observed in the proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayalvizhi Madhivanan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Erin R Greiner
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Miguel Alves-Ferreira
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4150-171 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4150-171 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4150-171 Porto, Portugal
| | - David Soriano-Castell
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Nirvan Rouzbeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Carlos A Aguirre
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Johan F Paulsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | | | - Xin Jiang
- Misfolding Diagnostics, San Diego, CA 92121
| | - Felicia K Ooi
- Department of Biology, Aging Mind and Brain Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Carolina Lemos
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4150-171 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4150-171 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4150-171 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andrew Dillin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Veena Prahlad
- Department of Biology, Aging Mind and Brain Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Jeffery W Kelly
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Sandra E Encalada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037;
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
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Kinetic analysis of the multistep aggregation pathway of human transthyretin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E6201-E6208. [PMID: 29915031 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1807024115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of transthyretin (TTR) is the causative agent for TTR cardiomyopathy and polyneuropathy amyloidoses. Aggregation is initiated by dissociation of the TTR tetramer into a monomeric intermediate, which self-assembles into amyloid. The coupled multiple-step equilibria and low-concentration, aggregation-prone intermediates are challenging to probe using conventional assays. We report a 19F-NMR assay that leverages a highly sensitive trifluoroacetyl probe at a strategic site that gives distinct 19F chemical shifts for the TTR tetramer and monomeric intermediate and enables direct quantification of their populations during the aggregation process. Integration of real-time 19F-NMR and turbidity measurements as a function of temperature allows kinetic and mechanistic dissection of the aggregation pathway of both wild-type and mutant TTR. At physiological temperature, the monomeric intermediate formed by wild-type TTR under mildly acidic conditions rapidly aggregates into species that are invisible to NMR, leading to loss of the NMR signal at the same rate as the turbidity increase. Lower temperature accelerates tetramer dissociation and decelerates monomer tetramerization and oligomerization via reduced hydrophobic interactions associated with packing of a phenylalanine (F87) into a neighboring protomer. As a result, the intermediate accumulates to a higher level, and formation of higher-order aggregates is delayed. Application of this assay to pathogenic (V30M, L55P, and V122I) and protective (T119M) mutants revealed significant differences in behavior. A monomeric intermediate was observed only for V122I: aggregation of V30M and L55P proceeds without an observable monomeric intermediate, whereas the protective mutant T119M remains resistant to tetramer dissociation and aggregation.
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Monteiro C, Martins da Silva A, Ferreira N, Mesgarzadeh J, Novais M, Coelho T, Kelly JW. Cerebrospinal fluid and vitreous body exposure to orally administered tafamidis in hereditary ATTRV30M (p.TTRV50M) amyloidosis patients. Amyloid 2018; 25:120-128. [PMID: 29993288 PMCID: PMC6177313 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2018.1479249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis associated with the TTRV30M (p.TTRV50M) mutation presents predominantly as an axonal polyneuropathy, with variable involvement of other organs. Serious central nervous system (CNS) and eye manifestations, including stroke, dementia, vitreous opacities and glaucoma, have been reported in untreated V30M TTR amyloidosis patients, and in these patients after treatment with liver transplantation (LT). Distinct therapies for V30M TTR amyloidosis developed during the last decade exhibit promising results in slowing the peripheral and autonomic nervous system pathology. However, the effect of these therapies on the CNS and eye manifestations of V30M TTR amyloidosis is not known. Herein, we show that in a small cohort of patients taking tafamidis orally (20 mg tafamidis meglumine daily) we could detect this small molecule in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the vitreous body. In the CSF, the ratio of TTR tetramer to tafamidis was ≈2:1, leading to a moderate kinetic stabilization of TTR in the CSF of these patients. Our data suggest that tafamidis can cross the CSF-blood and eye-blood barriers. Future studies comparing CNS and eye manifestations in patients treated with LT, kinetic stabilizers or TTR lowering drugs are essential to understand the clinical effect of our observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Monteiro
- a Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Medicine , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Ana Martins da Silva
- b Unidade Corino de Andrade , Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto , Portugal.,c Servico de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António , Centro Hospitalar do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Natália Ferreira
- b Unidade Corino de Andrade , Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto , Portugal.,d Servico de Oftalmologia, Hospital de Santo António , Centro Hospitalar do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Jaleh Mesgarzadeh
- a Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Medicine , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Marta Novais
- b Unidade Corino de Andrade , Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto , Portugal
| | - Teresa Coelho
- b Unidade Corino de Andrade , Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto , Portugal.,e Servico de Neurofisiologia, Hospital de Santo António , Centro Hospitalar do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Jeffery W Kelly
- a Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Medicine , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla , CA , USA
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Rizk M, Tüzmen Ş. Update on the clinical utility of an RNA interference-based treatment: focus on Patisiran. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2017; 10:267-278. [PMID: 29184431 PMCID: PMC5689029 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s87945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a naturally existing endogenous mechanism for post-transcriptional gene regulation, nowadays commonly utilized for functional characterization of genes and development of potential treatment strategies for diseases. RNAi-based studies for therapy, after being examined for over a decade, are finally in the pipeline for developing a potential treatment for the mutated transthyretin (TTR) gene, which gives rise to a dysfunctional TTR protein. This dysfunctional protein causes TTR amyloidosis (ATTR), an inherited, progressively incapacitating, and often fatal genetic disorder. TTR is a protein produced in the liver, and functions as a carrier for retinol-binding protein and also thyroxine. This protein facilitates the transport of vitamin A around the human body. A mutation or misprint in the code of this protein results in an abnormal folding of the protein. Therefore, not only does the transportation of the vitamin A become disabled, but also there will be formation of clusters called amyloid deposits, which attack the heart and the nerves causing some patients to be unconditionally bound to bed. ATTR is a hereditary autosomal dominant disease with a 50% chance of inheritance by offspring, even with just one of the parents having a single defective allele of this gene. Alnylam Pharmaceuticals worked on the concept of RNAi therapy for years, which led to the introduction of lipid nanoparticles encircling small interfering RNAs. The drug showed extremely positive results since the first trial, and a great percentage of defective protein reduction. This drug was later named Patisiran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malak Rizk
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University (EMU), Famagusta, North Cyprus, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Tüzmen
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University (EMU), Famagusta, North Cyprus, Turkey
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Maurer MS, Elliott P, Merlini G, Shah SJ, Cruz MW, Flynn A, Gundapaneni B, Hahn C, Riley S, Schwartz J, Sultan MB, Rapezzi C. Design and Rationale of the Phase 3 ATTR-ACT Clinical Trial (Tafamidis in Transthyretin Cardiomyopathy Clinical Trial). Circ Heart Fail 2017; 10:CIRCHEARTFAILURE.116.003815. [PMID: 28611125 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.116.003815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Transthyretin amyloidosis is a rare, life-threatening disease resulting from aggregation and deposition of transthyretin amyloid fibrils in various tissues. There are 2 predominate phenotypic presentations of the disease: transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy, which primarily affects the peripheral nerves, and transthyretin cardiomyopathy (TTR-CM), which primarily affects the heart. However, there is a wide overlap with symptoms at presentation and disease course being highly variable and influenced by the underlying transthyretin mutation, age of the affected individual, sex, and geographic location. Treatment of transthyretin amyloidosis is typically focused on symptom management. Although tafamidis has been shown to delay neurologic progression of transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy, there are no approved pharmacologic therapies shown to improve survival in TTR-CM. The natural history of TTR-CM is poorly characterized, which presents difficulties for the design of large-scale trials for new treatments. This review provides a brief overview of TTR-CM and the challenges of identifying clinically meaningful end points and study parameters to determine the efficacy of treatments for rare diseases. The design and rationale behind the ongoing phase 3 ATTR-ACT study (Tafamidis in Transthyretin Cardiomyopathy Clinical Trial), an international, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial, is also outlined. The ATTR-ACT study will provide important insight into the efficacy and safety of tafamidis for the treatment of TTR-CM. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01994889.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew S Maurer
- From the Center for Advanced Cardiac Care, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY (M.S.M); Cardiovascular Medicine, University College London, United Kingdom (P.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy (G.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (S.J.S.); National Amyloidosis Referral Center, Centro de Estudos em Paramiloidose Antônio Rodrigues de Mello, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.W.C.); Pfizer, Inc, Collegeville, PA (A.F., C.H.); inVentiv Health, Burlington, MA (B.G.); Pfizer, Inc, Groton, CT (S.R., J.S.); Pfizer, Inc, NY (M.B.S.); and Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Italy (C.R.).
| | - Perry Elliott
- From the Center for Advanced Cardiac Care, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY (M.S.M); Cardiovascular Medicine, University College London, United Kingdom (P.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy (G.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (S.J.S.); National Amyloidosis Referral Center, Centro de Estudos em Paramiloidose Antônio Rodrigues de Mello, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.W.C.); Pfizer, Inc, Collegeville, PA (A.F., C.H.); inVentiv Health, Burlington, MA (B.G.); Pfizer, Inc, Groton, CT (S.R., J.S.); Pfizer, Inc, NY (M.B.S.); and Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Italy (C.R.)
| | - Giampaolo Merlini
- From the Center for Advanced Cardiac Care, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY (M.S.M); Cardiovascular Medicine, University College London, United Kingdom (P.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy (G.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (S.J.S.); National Amyloidosis Referral Center, Centro de Estudos em Paramiloidose Antônio Rodrigues de Mello, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.W.C.); Pfizer, Inc, Collegeville, PA (A.F., C.H.); inVentiv Health, Burlington, MA (B.G.); Pfizer, Inc, Groton, CT (S.R., J.S.); Pfizer, Inc, NY (M.B.S.); and Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Italy (C.R.)
| | - Sanjiv J Shah
- From the Center for Advanced Cardiac Care, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY (M.S.M); Cardiovascular Medicine, University College London, United Kingdom (P.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy (G.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (S.J.S.); National Amyloidosis Referral Center, Centro de Estudos em Paramiloidose Antônio Rodrigues de Mello, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.W.C.); Pfizer, Inc, Collegeville, PA (A.F., C.H.); inVentiv Health, Burlington, MA (B.G.); Pfizer, Inc, Groton, CT (S.R., J.S.); Pfizer, Inc, NY (M.B.S.); and Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Italy (C.R.)
| | - Márcia Waddington Cruz
- From the Center for Advanced Cardiac Care, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY (M.S.M); Cardiovascular Medicine, University College London, United Kingdom (P.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy (G.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (S.J.S.); National Amyloidosis Referral Center, Centro de Estudos em Paramiloidose Antônio Rodrigues de Mello, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.W.C.); Pfizer, Inc, Collegeville, PA (A.F., C.H.); inVentiv Health, Burlington, MA (B.G.); Pfizer, Inc, Groton, CT (S.R., J.S.); Pfizer, Inc, NY (M.B.S.); and Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Italy (C.R.)
| | - Alison Flynn
- From the Center for Advanced Cardiac Care, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY (M.S.M); Cardiovascular Medicine, University College London, United Kingdom (P.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy (G.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (S.J.S.); National Amyloidosis Referral Center, Centro de Estudos em Paramiloidose Antônio Rodrigues de Mello, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.W.C.); Pfizer, Inc, Collegeville, PA (A.F., C.H.); inVentiv Health, Burlington, MA (B.G.); Pfizer, Inc, Groton, CT (S.R., J.S.); Pfizer, Inc, NY (M.B.S.); and Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Italy (C.R.)
| | - Balarama Gundapaneni
- From the Center for Advanced Cardiac Care, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY (M.S.M); Cardiovascular Medicine, University College London, United Kingdom (P.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy (G.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (S.J.S.); National Amyloidosis Referral Center, Centro de Estudos em Paramiloidose Antônio Rodrigues de Mello, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.W.C.); Pfizer, Inc, Collegeville, PA (A.F., C.H.); inVentiv Health, Burlington, MA (B.G.); Pfizer, Inc, Groton, CT (S.R., J.S.); Pfizer, Inc, NY (M.B.S.); and Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Italy (C.R.)
| | - Carolyn Hahn
- From the Center for Advanced Cardiac Care, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY (M.S.M); Cardiovascular Medicine, University College London, United Kingdom (P.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy (G.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (S.J.S.); National Amyloidosis Referral Center, Centro de Estudos em Paramiloidose Antônio Rodrigues de Mello, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.W.C.); Pfizer, Inc, Collegeville, PA (A.F., C.H.); inVentiv Health, Burlington, MA (B.G.); Pfizer, Inc, Groton, CT (S.R., J.S.); Pfizer, Inc, NY (M.B.S.); and Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Italy (C.R.)
| | - Steven Riley
- From the Center for Advanced Cardiac Care, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY (M.S.M); Cardiovascular Medicine, University College London, United Kingdom (P.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy (G.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (S.J.S.); National Amyloidosis Referral Center, Centro de Estudos em Paramiloidose Antônio Rodrigues de Mello, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.W.C.); Pfizer, Inc, Collegeville, PA (A.F., C.H.); inVentiv Health, Burlington, MA (B.G.); Pfizer, Inc, Groton, CT (S.R., J.S.); Pfizer, Inc, NY (M.B.S.); and Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Italy (C.R.)
| | - Jeffrey Schwartz
- From the Center for Advanced Cardiac Care, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY (M.S.M); Cardiovascular Medicine, University College London, United Kingdom (P.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy (G.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (S.J.S.); National Amyloidosis Referral Center, Centro de Estudos em Paramiloidose Antônio Rodrigues de Mello, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.W.C.); Pfizer, Inc, Collegeville, PA (A.F., C.H.); inVentiv Health, Burlington, MA (B.G.); Pfizer, Inc, Groton, CT (S.R., J.S.); Pfizer, Inc, NY (M.B.S.); and Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Italy (C.R.)
| | - Marla B Sultan
- From the Center for Advanced Cardiac Care, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY (M.S.M); Cardiovascular Medicine, University College London, United Kingdom (P.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy (G.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (S.J.S.); National Amyloidosis Referral Center, Centro de Estudos em Paramiloidose Antônio Rodrigues de Mello, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.W.C.); Pfizer, Inc, Collegeville, PA (A.F., C.H.); inVentiv Health, Burlington, MA (B.G.); Pfizer, Inc, Groton, CT (S.R., J.S.); Pfizer, Inc, NY (M.B.S.); and Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Italy (C.R.)
| | - Claudio Rapezzi
- From the Center for Advanced Cardiac Care, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY (M.S.M); Cardiovascular Medicine, University College London, United Kingdom (P.E.); IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy (G.M.); Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (S.J.S.); National Amyloidosis Referral Center, Centro de Estudos em Paramiloidose Antônio Rodrigues de Mello, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (M.W.C.); Pfizer, Inc, Collegeville, PA (A.F., C.H.); inVentiv Health, Burlington, MA (B.G.); Pfizer, Inc, Groton, CT (S.R., J.S.); Pfizer, Inc, NY (M.B.S.); and Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Italy (C.R.)
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Fleischhauer L, Niemietz C, Reinartz Groba S, Ballmaier P, Sauer V, Guttmann S, Zibert A, Schmidt H. Thermal shift assay for evaluation of transthyretin stability in plasma. Amyloid 2017; 24:34-35. [PMID: 28434373 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2017.1281121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Fleischhauer
- a Klinik für Transplantationsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Münster , Münster , Germany
| | - Christoph Niemietz
- a Klinik für Transplantationsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Münster , Münster , Germany
| | - Sara Reinartz Groba
- a Klinik für Transplantationsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Münster , Münster , Germany
| | - Paula Ballmaier
- a Klinik für Transplantationsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Münster , Münster , Germany
| | - Vanessa Sauer
- a Klinik für Transplantationsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Münster , Münster , Germany
| | - Sarah Guttmann
- a Klinik für Transplantationsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Münster , Münster , Germany
| | - Andree Zibert
- a Klinik für Transplantationsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Münster , Münster , Germany
| | - Hartmut Schmidt
- a Klinik für Transplantationsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Münster , Münster , Germany
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Chen JJ, Genereux JC, Suh EH, Vartabedian VF, Rius B, Qu S, Dendle MTA, Kelly JW, Wiseman RL. Endoplasmic Reticulum Proteostasis Influences the Oligomeric State of an Amyloidogenic Protein Secreted from Mammalian Cells. Cell Chem Biol 2016; 23:1282-1293. [PMID: 27720586 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is a tetrameric serum protein associated with multiple systemic amyloid diseases. In these disorders, TTR aggregates in extracellular environments through a mechanism involving rate-limiting dissociation of the tetramer to monomers, which then misfold and aggregate into soluble oligomers and amyloid fibrils that induce toxicity in distal tissues. Using an assay established herein, we show that highly destabilized, aggregation-prone TTR variants are secreted as both native tetramers and non-native conformations that accumulate as high-molecular-weight oligomers. Pharmacologic chaperones that promote endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteostasis of destabilized TTR variants increase their fraction secreted as a tetramer and reduce extracellular aggregate populations. In contrast, disrupting ER proteostasis reduces the fraction of destabilized TTR secreted as a tetramer and increases extracellular aggregates. These results identify ER proteostasis as a factor that can affect conformational integrity and thus toxic aggregation of secreted amyloidogenic proteins associated with the pathology of protein aggregation diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Chen
- Department of Molecular & Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North, Torrey Pines Road, MEM 220, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Joseph C Genereux
- Department of Molecular & Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North, Torrey Pines Road, MEM 220, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Eul Hyun Suh
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Vincent F Vartabedian
- Department of Molecular & Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North, Torrey Pines Road, MEM 220, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bibiana Rius
- Department of Molecular & Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North, Torrey Pines Road, MEM 220, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Song Qu
- Department of Molecular & Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North, Torrey Pines Road, MEM 220, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Maria T A Dendle
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jeffery W Kelly
- Department of Molecular & Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North, Torrey Pines Road, MEM 220, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - R Luke Wiseman
- Department of Molecular & Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North, Torrey Pines Road, MEM 220, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Ankarcrona M, Winblad B, Monteiro C, Fearns C, Powers ET, Johansson J, Westermark GT, Presto J, Ericzon BG, Kelly JW. Current and future treatment of amyloid diseases. J Intern Med 2016; 280:177-202. [PMID: 27165517 PMCID: PMC4956553 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There are more than 30 human proteins whose aggregation appears to cause degenerative maladies referred to as amyloid diseases or amyloidoses. These disorders are named after the characteristic cross-β-sheet amyloid fibrils that accumulate systemically or are localized to specific organs. In most cases, current treatment is limited to symptomatic approaches and thus disease-modifying therapies are needed. Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder with extracellular amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) fibrils and intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles as pathological hallmarks. Numerous clinical trials have been conducted with passive and active immunotherapy, and small molecules to inhibit Aβ formation and aggregation or to enhance Aβ clearance; so far such clinical trials have been unsuccessful. Novel strategies are therefore required and here we will discuss the possibility of utilizing the chaperone BRICHOS to prevent Aβ aggregation and toxicity. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is symptomatically treated with insulin. However, the underlying pathology is linked to the aggregation and progressive accumulation of islet amyloid polypeptide as fibrils and oligomers, which are cytotoxic. Several compounds have been shown to inhibit islet amyloid aggregation and cytotoxicity in vitro. Future animal studies and clinical trials have to be conducted to determine their efficacy in vivo. The transthyretin (TTR) amyloidoses are a group of systemic degenerative diseases compromising multiple organ systems, caused by TTR aggregation. Liver transplantation decreases the generation of misfolded TTR and improves the quality of life for a subgroup of this patient population. Compounds that stabilize the natively folded, nonamyloidogenic, tetrameric conformation of TTR have been developed and the drug tafamidis is available as a promising treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ankarcrona
- Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - B Winblad
- Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - C Monteiro
- Department of Chemistry, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - C Fearns
- Department of Chemistry, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - E T Powers
- Department of Chemistry, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J Johansson
- Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - G T Westermark
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Presto
- Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - B-G Ericzon
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J W Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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50
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Ciccone L, Policar C, Stura EA, Shepard W. Human TTR conformation altered by rhenium tris-carbonyl derivatives. J Struct Biol 2016; 195:353-364. [PMID: 27402536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is a 54 kDa homotetrameric serum protein that transports thyroxine (T4) and retinol. TTR is potentially amyloidogenic due to homotetramer dissociation into monomeric intermediates that self-assemble as amyloid deposits and insoluble fibrils. Most crystallographic structures, including those of amyloidogenic variants show the same tetramer without major variations in the monomer-monomer interface nor in the volume of the interdimeric cavity. Soaking TTR crystals in a solution containing rhenium tris-carbonyl derivatives yields a TTR conformer never observed before. Only one of the two monomers of the crystallographic dimer is significantly altered, and the inner part of the T4 binding cavity is expanded at one end and shrunk at the other. The result redefines the mechanism of allosteric communication between the two sites, suggesting that negative cooperativity is a function of dimer asymmetry, which can be induced through internal or external binding. An aspect that remains unexplained is why the conformational changes are ubiquitous throughout the crystal although the heavy metal content of the derivatized crystals is relatively low. The conformational changes observed, which include Leu(82), may represent a form of TTR better at scavenging β-Amyloid. At a resolution of 1.69Å, with excellent refinement statistics and well defined electron density for all parts of the structure, it is possible to envisage answering important questions that range from protein cooperative behavior to heavy atom induced protein conformational modifications that can result in crystallographic non-isomorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Ciccone
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; CEA, iBiTec-S, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191, France
| | - Clotilde Policar
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département de chimie, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, 4, Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR7203, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Enrico A Stura
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; CEA, iBiTec-S, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191, France.
| | - William Shepard
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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