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Danziger M, Xu F, Noble H, Yang P, Roque DM. Tubulin Complexity in Cancer and Metastasis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1452:21-35. [PMID: 38805123 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-58311-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Tubulin plays a fundamental role in cellular function and as the subject for microtubule-active agents in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Microtubule-binding proteins (e.g., tau, MAP1/2/4, EB1, CLIP, TOG, survivin, stathmin) and posttranslational modifications (e.g., tyrosination, deglutamylation, acetylation, glycation, phosphorylation, polyamination) further diversify tubulin functionality and may permit additional opportunities to understand microtubule behavior in disease and to develop microtubule-modifying approaches to combat ovarian cancer. Tubulin-based structures that project from suspended ovarian cancer cells known as microtentacles may contribute to metastatic potential of ovarian cancer cells and could represent an exciting novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Danziger
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fuhua Xu
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Helen Noble
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peixin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dana M Roque
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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2
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Chen L, Hu Y, Lu Z, Lin Z, Li L, Wu JQ, Yu ZL, Wang C, Chen WH, Hu J. Design, Synthesis, and Antitumor Efficacy of Substituted 2-Amino[1,2,4]triazolopyrimidines and Related Heterocycles as Dual Inhibitors for Microtubule Polymerization and Janus Kinase 2. J Med Chem 2023; 66:15006-15024. [PMID: 37856840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the synergistic effect of microtubule-targeting agents in combination with Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) inhibitors, prompting the development of single agents with enhanced therapeutic efficacy by dually inhibiting tubulin polymerization and JAK2. Herein, we designed and synthesized a series of substituted 2-amino[1,2,4]triazolopyrimidines and related heterocycles as dual inhibitors for tubulin polymerization and JAK2. Most of these compounds exhibited potent antiproliferative activity against the selected cancer cells, with compound 7g being the most active. This compound effectively inhibits both tubulin assembly and JAK2 activity. Furthermore, phosphorylated compound 7g (i.e., compound 7g-P) could efficiently convert to compound 7g in vivo. Compound 7g, whether it was administered directly or in the form of a phosphorylated prodrug (i.e., compound 7g-P), significantly inhibited the growth of A549 xenografts in nude mice. The present findings strongly suggest that compound 7g represents a promising chemotherapeutic agent with high antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China
| | - Yunfei Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China
| | - Zhonghui Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China
| | - Zeyin Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China
| | - Lanqing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Qiang Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 852, P. R. China
| | - Chunye Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huizhou First Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Huizhou 516000, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Hua Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China
| | - Jinhui Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China
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3
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Belén Poretti M, Bianconi S, Luque E, Martini AC, Vincenti L, Cantarelli V, Torres P, Ponzio M, Schiöth HB, Carlini VP. Role of the hypothalamus in ghrelin effects on reproduction: sperm function and sexual behavior in male mice. Reproduction 2023; 165:123-134. [PMID: 36322468 DOI: 10.1530/rep-22-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In brief Ghrelin signals to the hypothalamus inhibit reproduction during times of food scarcity. In this study, we demonstrate that ghrelin impairs sperm quality in male mice. Abstract Ghrelin (GHRL) is an orexigenic peptide that has been investigated as one of the signals responsible for the reproductive performance of mammals under fluctuating metabolic conditions. Central GHRL administration impairs spermatogenesis in mice by regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis function. In the present study, the hypothalamus role as a mediator of GHRL effects on sperm fertilizing capacity and male sexual behavior was evaluated. After 42 days of hypothalamic GHRL infusion or artificial cerebrospinal fluid, in vitro and in vivo sperm fertilizing capacity, testicular α-tubulin, speriolin gene expression and spermatic α-tubulin protein were evaluated. Hypothalamic expression of genes Kiss1, Gpr54 and Gnrh was also studied. The second group of animals was infused with one time only GHRL or artificial cerebrospinal fluid into the hypothalamus to evaluate the effects on sexual behavior. Results demonstrated that chronic GHRL administration to male mice significantly increased the percentages of pre-implantation embryo loss and the number of post-implantation embryo loss. In relation to the gene expression, our results show a relative decrease of Kiss1, Gpr54 and Spatc1. Although no significant differences were observed in the quantitative expression of α-tubulin protein, qualitative changes in its expression pattern were observed. In addition, a dual effect on sexual behavior was observed: 40% of the treated animals showed a significant reduction in the number of mounts and intromissions, while a 60% showed a significant decrease in ejaculation latency vs control animals. In conclusion, our results provide evidence that central GHRL administration possibly induces failure in embryo development and/or implantation in the females mated with treated males, possibly because of a negative effect in the α-tubulin pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Poretti
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA, CONICET- UNC), CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina.,Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Santiago Bianconi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA, CONICET- UNC), CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina.,Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eugenia Luque
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA, CONICET- UNC), CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana Carolina Martini
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA, CONICET- UNC), CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Vincenti
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA, CONICET- UNC), CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Veronica Cantarelli
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA, CONICET- UNC), CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pedro Torres
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA, CONICET- UNC), CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marina Ponzio
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA, CONICET- UNC), CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Valeria Paola Carlini
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA, CONICET- UNC), CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina.,Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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4
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Chowdhury MAN, Wang SW, Suen CS, Hwang MJ, Hsueh YA, Shieh SY. JAK2-CHK2 signaling safeguards the integrity of the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint and genome stability. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:619. [PMID: 35851582 PMCID: PMC9293949 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2) plays an important role in safeguarding the mitotic progression, specifically the spindle assembly, though the mechanism of regulation remains poorly understood. Here, we identified a novel mitotic phosphorylation site on CHK2 Tyr156, and its responsible kinase JAK2. Expression of a phospho-deficient mutant CHK2 Y156F or treatment with JAK2 inhibitor IV compromised mitotic spindle assembly, leading to genome instability. In contrast, a phospho-mimicking mutant CHK2 Y156E restored mitotic normalcy in JAK2-inhibited cells. Mechanistically, we show that this phosphorylation is required for CHK2 interaction with and phosphorylation of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) kinase Mps1, and failure of which results in impaired Mps1 kinetochore localization and defective SAC. Concordantly, analysis of clinical cancer datasets revealed that deletion of JAK2 is associated with increased genome alteration; and alteration in CHEK2 and JAK2 is linked to preferential deletion or amplification of cancer-related genes. Thus, our findings not only reveal a novel JAK2-CHK2 signaling axis that maintains genome integrity through SAC but also highlight the potential impact on genomic stability with clinical JAK2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Al Nayem Chowdhury
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan ,grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Shu Suen
- grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jing Hwang
- grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-An Hsueh
- grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheau-Yann Shieh
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan ,grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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5
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Shahi A, Kahle J, Hopkins C, Diakonova M. The SH2 domain and kinase activity of JAK2 target JAK2 to centrosome and regulate cell growth and centrosome amplification. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261098. [PMID: 35089929 PMCID: PMC8797172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
JAK2 is cytokine-activated non-receptor tyrosine kinase. Although JAK2 is mainly localized at the plasma membrane, it is also present on the centrosome. In this study, we demonstrated that JAK2 localization to the centrosome depends on the SH2 domain and intact kinase activity. We created JAK2 mutants deficient in centrosomal localization ΔSH2, K882E and (ΔSH2, K882E). We showed that JAK2 WT clone strongly enhances cell proliferation as compared to control cells while JAK2 clones ΔSH2, K882E and (ΔSH2, K882E) proliferate slower than JAK2 WT cells. These mutant clones also progress much slower through the cell cycle as compared to JAK2 WT clone and the enhanced proliferation of JAK2 WT cells is accompanied by increased S -> G2 progression. Both the SH2 domain and the kinase activity of JAK2 play a role in prolactin-dependent activation of JAK2 substrate STAT5. We showed that JAK2 is an important regulator of centrosome function as the SH2 domain of JAK2 regulates centrosome amplification. The cells overexpressing ΔSH2 and (ΔSH2, K-E) JAK2 have almost three-fold the amplified centrosomes of WT cells. In contrast, the kinase activity of JAK2 is dispensable for centrosome amplification. Our observations provide novel insight into the role of SH2 domain and kinase activity of JAK2 in centrosome localization of JAK2 and in the regulation of cell growth and centrosome biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashirwad Shahi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Jacob Kahle
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Chandler Hopkins
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Maria Diakonova
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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6
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Akoumianaki T, Vaporidi K, Diamantaki E, Pène F, Beau R, Gresnigt MS, Gkountzinopulou M, Venichaki M, Drakos E, El-Benna J, Samonis G, Le KTT, Kumar V, Georgopoulos D, van de Veerdonk FL, Netea MG, Latge JP, Chamilos G. Uncoupling of IL-6 signaling and LC3-associated phagocytosis drives immunoparalysis during sepsis. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:1277-1293.e6. [PMID: 34214493 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immune deactivation of phagocytes is a central event in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Herein, we identify a master regulatory role of IL-6 signaling on LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP) and reveal that uncoupling of these two processes during sepsis induces immunoparalysis in monocytes/macrophages. In particular, we demonstrate that activation of LAP by the human fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus depends on ERK1/2-mediated phosphorylation of p47phox subunit of NADPH oxidase. Physiologically, autocrine IL-6/JAK2/Ninein axis orchestrates microtubule organization and dynamics regulating ERK recruitment to the phagosome and LC3+ phagosome (LAPosome) formation. In sepsis, loss of IL-6 signaling specifically abrogates microtubule-mediated trafficking of ERK, leading to defective activation of LAP and impaired killing of bacterial and fungal pathogens by monocytes/macrophages, which can be selectively restored by IL-6 supplementation. Our work uncovers a molecular pathway linking IL-6 signaling with LAP and provides insight into the mechanisms underlying immunoparalysis in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonia Akoumianaki
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Voutes, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Katerina Vaporidi
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Voutes, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Eleni Diamantaki
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Voutes, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Frédéric Pène
- Medical ICU, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Institut Cochin INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Remi Beau
- Unité des Aspergillus, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Mark S Gresnigt
- Department of Internal Medicine (463) and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 8, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans-Knoell-Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Marina Gkountzinopulou
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Voutes, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Maria Venichaki
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Voutes, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Elias Drakos
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Voutes, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM U1149, CNRS-ERL 8252, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
| | - George Samonis
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Voutes, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Kieu T T Le
- Department of Internal Medicine (463) and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 8, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine (463) and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 8, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dimitrios Georgopoulos
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Voutes, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Frank L van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine (463) and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 8, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine (463) and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 8, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department for Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jean-Paul Latge
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Voutes, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Unité des Aspergillus, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Georgios Chamilos
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Voutes, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, 71300 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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7
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Wang Y, Wang K, Fu J. HDAC6 Mediates Macrophage iNOS Expression and Excessive Nitric Oxide Production in the Blood During Endotoxemia. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1893. [PMID: 32973784 PMCID: PMC7468378 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive nitric oxide (NO) production and NO-mediated nitrative stress contribute to vascular dysfunction, inflammation, and tissue injury in septic shock. New therapeutic targets are urgently needed to provide better control of NO level during septic shock. In the present study, we investigated the role of HDAC6 in the regulation of NO production and nitrative stress in a mouse model of endotoxin-induced septic shock. HDAC6 deficient mice and a specific HDAC6 inhibitor were utilized in our studies. Our data clearly indicate that HDAC6 is an important mediator of NO production in macrophages. HDAC6 mediates NO production through the regulation of iNOS expression in macrophages. HDAC6 up-regulates iNOS expression in macrophages by modulating STAT1 activation and IRF-1 expression. HDAC6 inhibition potently blocked endotoxin-induced STAT1 activation and iNOS expression in macrophages. Furthermore, HDAC6 contributes to excessive NO production and nitrotyrosine level in the blood and promotes iNOS expression in the lung tissues during septic shock. Our data reveal a novel HDAC6/STAT1/iNOS pathway that mediates excessive NO production and nitrative stress in septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jian Fu
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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8
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Ramkumar A, Jong BY, Ori-McKenney KM. ReMAPping the microtubule landscape: How phosphorylation dictates the activities of microtubule-associated proteins. Dev Dyn 2017; 247:138-155. [PMID: 28980356 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) were originally identified based on their co-purification with microtubules assembled from mammalian brain lysate. They have since been found to perform a range of functions involved in regulating the dynamics of the microtubule cytoskeleton. Most of these MAPs play integral roles in microtubule organization during neuronal development, microtubule remodeling during neuronal activity, and microtubule stabilization during neuronal maintenance. As a result, mutations in MAPs contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders, psychiatric conditions, and neurodegenerative diseases. MAPs are post-translationally regulated by phosphorylation depending on developmental time point and cellular context. Phosphorylation can affect the microtubule affinity, cellular localization, or overall function of a particular MAP and can thus have profound implications for neuronal health. Here we review MAP1, MAP2, MAP4, MAP6, MAP7, MAP9, tau, and DCX, and how each is regulated by phosphorylation in neuronal physiology and disease. Developmental Dynamics 247:138-155, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Ramkumar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Brigette Y Jong
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA
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9
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Wloga D, Joachimiak E, Fabczak H. Tubulin Post-Translational Modifications and Microtubule Dynamics. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102207. [PMID: 29065455 PMCID: PMC5666887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are hollow tube-like polymeric structures composed of α,β-tubulin heterodimers. They play an important role in numerous cellular processes, including intracellular transport, cell motility and segregation of the chromosomes during cell division. Moreover, microtubule doublets or triplets form a scaffold of a cilium, centriole and basal body, respectively. To perform such diverse functions microtubules have to differ in their properties. Post-translational modifications are one of the factors that affect the properties of the tubulin polymer. Here we focus on the direct and indirect effects of post-translational modifications of tubulin on microtubule dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Wloga
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ewa Joachimiak
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Hanna Fabczak
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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10
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Slomiany BL, Slomiany A. Role of LPS-elicited signaling in triggering gastric mucosal inflammatory responses to H. pylori: modulatory effect of ghrelin. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 25:415-429. [PMID: 28516374 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0360-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Infection with Helicobacter pylori is a primary culprit in the etiology of gastric disease, and its cell-wall lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is recognized as a potent endotoxin responsible for triggering a pattern of the mucosal inflammatory responses. The engagement by the LPS of gastric mucosal Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) leads to initiation of signal transduction events characterized by the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, induction of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PLC)/protein kinase C (PKC)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, and up-regulation in Src/Akt. These signaling events in turn exert their influence over H. pylori-elicited excessive generation of NO and PGE2 caused by the disturbances in nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase isozyme systems, increase in epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation, and the induction in matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) release. Interestingly, the extent of gastric mucosal inflammatory response to H. pylori is influenced by a peptide hormone, ghrelin, the action of which relays on the growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1a (GHS-R1a)-mediated mobilization of G-protein dependent transduction pathways. Yet, the signals triggered by TLR-4 activation as well as those arising through GHS-R1a stimulation converge at MAPK and PLC/PKC/PI3K pathways that form a key integration node for proinflammatory signals generated by H. pylori LPS as well as for those involved in modulation of inflammation by ghrelin. Hence, therapeutic targeting these signals' convergence and integration node could provide a novel and attractive opportunities for developing more effective treatments of H. pylori-related gastric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Slomiany
- Research Center, C855, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 110 Bergen Street, PO Box 1709, Newark, NJ, 07103-2400, USA
| | - A Slomiany
- Research Center, C855, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 110 Bergen Street, PO Box 1709, Newark, NJ, 07103-2400, USA.
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11
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Supasai S, Aimo L, Adamo AM, Mackenzie GG, Oteiza PI. Zinc deficiency affects the STAT1/3 signaling pathways in part through redox-mediated mechanisms. Redox Biol 2017; 11:469-481. [PMID: 28086195 PMCID: PMC5228099 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc deficiency affects the development of the central nervous system (CNS) through mechanisms only partially understood. We previously showed that zinc deficiency causes CNS oxidative stress, damaging microtubules and impairing protein nuclear shuttling. STAT1 and STAT3 transcription factors, which require nuclear import for their functions, play major roles in CNS development. Thus, we investigated whether zinc deficiency disrupts STAT1 and STAT3 signaling pathways in the developing fetal CNS, characterizing the involvement of oxidative stress and the cytoskeleton in the adverse effects. Maternal (gestation day 0–19) marginal zinc deficiency (MZD) reduced STAT1 and STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation and their nuclear translocation in the embryonic day 19 (E19) rat brain. Similar effects were observed in zinc depleted IMR-32 neuroblastoma cells, with an associated decrease in STAT1- and STAT3-dependent gene transactivation. Zinc deficiency caused oxidative stress (increased 4-hydroxynonenal-protein adducts) in E19 brain and IMR-32 cells, which was prevented in cells by supplementation with 0.5 mM α-lipoic acid (LA). In zinc depleted IMR-32 cells, the low tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1, but not that of STAT3, recovered upon incubation with LA. STAT1 and STAT3 nuclear transports were also restored by LA. Accordingly, chemical disruption of the cytoskeleton partially reduced STAT1 and STAT3 nuclear levels. In summary, the redox-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation, and oxidant-mediated disruption of the cytoskeleton are involved in the deleterious effects of zinc deficit on STAT1 and STAT3 activation and nuclear translocation. Therefore, disruption of the STAT1 and STAT3 signaling pathways may in part explain the deleterious effects of maternal MZD on fetal brain development. Zinc deficits impair STAT1/STAT3 signaling in fetal brain and neuroblastoma cells. Zinc deficiency inhibits STAT1 and STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Zinc deficiency causes oxidative stress (high HNE-protein adducts) in fetal brain and cells. Lipoic acid reverts zinc deficiency-associated decreased STAT1/STAT3 nuclear shuttling. Zinc deficiency-associated oxidative stress impairs STAT1/STAT3 modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Supasai
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - L Aimo
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - A M Adamo
- Department of Biological Chemistry and IQUIFIB (UBA-CONICET), School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G G Mackenzie
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - P I Oteiza
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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12
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Slomiany BL, Slomiany A. Helicobacter pylori-induced changes in microtubule dynamics conferred by α-tubulin phosphorylation on Ser/Tyr mediate gastric mucosal secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and its modulation by ghrelin. Inflammopharmacology 2016; 24:197-205. [PMID: 27613723 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-016-0278-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) secretion in response to proinflammatory challenge remains under a strict control of factors that affect the stability dynamics of the major cytoskeleton polymeric structures, microtubules (MTs). In this study, we report that H. pylori LPS-elicited induction gastric mucosal MMP-9 secretion is accompanied by the enhancement in MT stabilization as evidenced by the increase in α-tubulin acetylation and detyrosination while the modulatory influence of hormone, ghrelin, is associated with MT destabilization and reflected in a decrease in α-tubulin acetylation and detyrosination. Further, we reveal that the LPS-induced enhancement in MT stabilization and up-regulation in MMP-9 secretion as well as the modulatory influence of ghrelin occur with the involvement of PKCδ and SFK. The LPS effect is reflected in a marked increase in PKCδ-mediated α-tubulin phosphorylation on Ser, while the modulatory effect of ghrelin on MT dynamics and MMP-9 secretion is manifested by the SFK-dependent phosphorylation of α-tubulin on Tyr. Moreover, the changes in α-tubulin phosphorylation and MT stabilization dynamics occur in concert with the Golgi recruitment and activation of PKD2 and Arf-GEF. The findings demonstrate that the enhancement in gastric mucosal MMP-9 secretion in response to H. pylori and its modulation by ghrelin are the result of changes in MT dynamics conferred by PKCδ/SFK- mediated α-tubulin Ser/Tyr phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Slomiany
- Research Center, C875 Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 110 Bergen Street, PO Box 1709, Newark, NJ, 07103-2400, USA.
| | - A Slomiany
- Research Center, C875 Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 110 Bergen Street, PO Box 1709, Newark, NJ, 07103-2400, USA
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13
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Intermolecular disulfide bond influences unphosphorylated STAT3 dimerization and function. Biochem J 2016; 473:3205-19. [PMID: 27486258 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a transcription factor activated by the phosphorylation of tyrosine 705 in response to many cytokines and growth factors. Recently, the roles for unphosphorylated STAT3 (U-STAT3) have been described in response to cytokine stimulation, in cancers, and in the maintenance of heterochromatin stability. It has been reported that U-STAT3 dimerizes, shuttles between the cytoplasm and nucleus, and binds to DNA, thereby driving genes transcription. Although many reports describe the active role of U-STAT3 in oncogenesis in addition to phosphorylated STAT3, the U-STAT3 functional pathway remains elusive.In this report, we describe the molecular mechanism of U-STAT3 dimerization, and we identify the presence of two intermolecular disulfide bridges between Cys367 and Cys542 and Cys418 and Cys426, respectively. Recently, we reported that the same cysteines contribute to the redox regulation of STAT3 signaling pathway both in vitro and in vivo The presence of these disulfides is here demonstrated to largely contribute to the structure and the stability of U-STAT3 dimer as the dimeric form rapidly dissociates upon reduction in the S-S bonds. In particular, the Cys367-Cys542 disulfide bridge is shown to be critical for U-STAT3 DNA-binding activity. Mutation of the two Cys residues completely abolishes the DNA-binding capability of U-STAT3. Spectroscopic investigations confirm that the noncovalent interactions are sufficient for proper folding and dimer formation, but that the interchain disulfide bonds are crucial to preserve the functional dimer. Finally, we propose a reaction scheme of U-STAT3 dimerization with a first common step followed by stabilization through the formation of interchain disulfide bonds.
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14
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Sobierajska K, Wieczorek K, Ciszewski WM, Sacewicz-Hofman I, Wawro ME, Wiktorska M, Boncela J, Papiewska-Pajak I, Kwasniak P, Wyroba E, Cierniewski CS, Niewiarowska J. β-III tubulin modulates the behavior of Snail overexpressed during the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in colon cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:2221-33. [PMID: 27188792 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Class III β-tubulin (TUBB3) is a marker of drug resistance expressed in a variety of solid tumors. Originally, it was described as an important element of chemoresistance to taxanes. Recent studies have revealed that TUBB3 is also involved in an adaptive response to a microenvironmental stressor, e.g. low oxygen levels and poor nutrient supply in some solid tumors, independently of the microtubule targeting agent. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that TUBB3 is a marker of biological aggressiveness associated with modulation of metastatic abilities in colon cancer. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a basic cellular process by which epithelial cells lose their epithelial behavior and become invasive cells involved in cancer metastasis. Snail is a zinc-finger transcription factor which is able to induce EMT through the repression of E-cadherin expression. In the presented studies we focused on the analysis of the TUBB3 role in EMT-induced colon adenocarcinoma cell lines HT-29 and LS180. We observed a positive correlation between Snail presence and TUBB3 upregulation in tested adenocarcinoma cell lines. The cellular and behavioral analysis revealed for the first time that elevated TUBB3 level is functionally linked to increased cell migration and invasive capability of EMT induced cells. Additionally, the post-transcriptional modifications (phosphorylation, glycosylation) appear to regulate the cellular localization of TUBB3 and its phosphorylation, observed in cytoskeleton, is probably involved in cell motility modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Sobierajska
- Department of Molecular Cell Mechanisms, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Wieczorek
- Department of Molecular Cell Mechanisms, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland,; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Rzgowska 281/289, 93-338, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech M Ciszewski
- Department of Molecular Cell Mechanisms, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Izabela Sacewicz-Hofman
- Department of Molecular Cell Mechanisms, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta E Wawro
- Department of Molecular Cell Mechanisms, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wiktorska
- Department of Molecular Cell Mechanisms, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Boncela
- Institute of Medical Biology, PAS, Lodowa 106, 93-232, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Pawel Kwasniak
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, PAS, Pasteura 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland, Institute of Medical Biology, PAS, Lodowa 106, 93-232, Lodz, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Wyroba
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, PAS, Pasteura 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland, Institute of Medical Biology, PAS, Lodowa 106, 93-232, Lodz, Poland
| | - Czeslaw S Cierniewski
- Institute of Medical Biology, PAS, Lodowa 106, 93-232, Lodz, Poland; Department of Molecular and Medical Biophysics, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jolanta Niewiarowska
- Department of Molecular Cell Mechanisms, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland,.
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15
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Liu N, Xiong Y, Ren Y, Zhang L, He X, Wang X, Liu M, Li D, Shui W, Zhou J. Proteomic Profiling and Functional Characterization of Multiple Post-Translational Modifications of Tubulin. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:3292-304. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yun Xiong
- Key
Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of
Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yiran Ren
- State
Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xianfei He
- State
Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xincheng Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Min Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dengwen Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wenqing Shui
- Key
Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of
Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State
Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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16
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JAK2 tyrosine kinase phosphorylates and is negatively regulated by centrosomal protein Ninein. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 35:111-31. [PMID: 25332239 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01138-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
JAK2 is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase critical for cytokine signaling. In this study, we have identified a novel centrosome-associated complex containing ninein and JAK2. We have found that active JAK2 localizes around the mother centrioles, where it partly colocalizes with ninein, a protein involved in microtubule (MT) nucleation and anchoring. We demonstrated that JAK2 is an important regulator of centrosome function. Depletion of JAK2 or use of JAK2-null cells causes defects in MT anchoring and increased numbers of cells with mitotic defects; however, MT nucleation is unaffected. We showed that JAK2 directly phosphorylates the N terminus of ninein while the C terminus of ninein inhibits JAK2 kinase activity in vitro. Overexpressed wild-type (WT) or C-terminal (amino acids 1179 to 1931) ninein inhibits JAK2. This ninein-dependent inhibition of JAK2 significantly decreases prolactin- and interferon gamma (IFN-γ)-induced tyrosyl phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT5. Downregulation of ninein enhances JAK2 activation. These results indicate that JAK2 is a novel member of centrosome-associated complex and that this localization regulates both centrosomal function and JAK2 kinase activity, thus controlling cytokine-activated molecular pathways.
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17
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Walker SR, Frank DA. Screening approaches to generating STAT inhibitors: Allowing the hits to identify the targets. JAKSTAT 2014; 1:292-9. [PMID: 24058786 PMCID: PMC3670287 DOI: 10.4161/jkst.22662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
STAT transcription factors are regulators of critical cellular processes such as proliferation, survival, and self-renewal. While the activity of these proteins is tightly regulated under physiological conditions, they can become constitutively activated in a broad range of human cancers. This inappropriate STAT activation leads to enhanced transcription of genes that can directly lead to the malignant phenotype. Since STATs are largely dispensable for normal cell function, this has raised the possibility that STATs might be key targets for cancer therapy. Although a number of structure-based strategies have been used to develop STAT inhibitors, an alternate approach is to use cell-based assays that make use of the transcriptional function of STATs. Employing these systems, one can screen large chemical libraries to identify compounds that specifically block the function of a given STAT. This approach can lead to the identification of compounds that inhibit STATs by a variety of mechanisms, and can suggest novel targets for therapy. This type of functional screening strategy has already identified a drug that potently inhibits STAT3, and which is now being evaluated in a clinical trial for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Walker
- Department of Medical Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; and Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA USA
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18
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Menegazzi M, Mariotto S, Dal Bosco M, Darra E, Vaiana N, Shoji K, Safwat AA, Marechal JD, Perahia D, Suzuki H, Romeo S. Direct interaction of natural and synthetic catechins with signal transducer activator of transcription 1 affects both its phosphorylation and activity. FEBS J 2013; 281:724-38. [PMID: 24255956 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) inhibits signal transducer activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) activation. Since EGCG may be a promising lead compound for new anti-STAT1 drug design, 15 synthetic catechins, characterized by the (-)-gallocatechin-3-gallate stereochemistry, were studied in the human mammary MDA-MB-231 cell line to identify the minimal structural features that preserve the anti-STAT1 activity. We demonstrate that the presence of three hydroxyl groups of B ring and one hydroxyl group in D ring is essential to preserve their inhibitory action. Moreover, a possible molecular target of these compounds in the STAT1 pathway was investigated. Our results demonstrate a direct interaction between STAT1 protein and catechins displaying anti-STAT1 activity. In particular, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis and molecular modeling indicate the presence of two putative binding sites (a and b) with different affinity. Based on docking data, site-directed mutagenesis was performed, and interaction of the most active catechins with STAT1 was studied with SPR to test whether Gln518 on site a and His568 on site b could be important for the catechin-STAT1 interaction. Data indicate that site b has higher affinity for catechins than site a as the highest affinity constant disappears in the H568A-STAT1 mutant. Furthermore, Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) kinase assay data suggest that the contemporary presence in vitro of STAT1 and catechins inhibits JAK2-elicited STAT1 phosphorylation. The very tight catechin-STAT1 interaction prevents STAT1 phosphorylation and represents a novel, specific and efficient molecular mechanism for the inhibition of STAT1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Menegazzi
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Italy
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19
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Dynein Light Chain 1 (DYNLT1) Interacts with Normal and Oncogenic Nucleoporins. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67032. [PMID: 23840580 PMCID: PMC3694108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The chimeric oncoprotein NUP98-HOXA9 results from the t(7;11)(p15;p15) chromosomal translocation and is associated with acute myeloid leukemia. It causes aberrant gene regulation and leukemic transformation through mechanisms that are not fully understood. NUP98-HOXA9 consists of an N-terminal portion of the nucleoporin NUP98 that contains many FG repeats fused to the DNA-binding homeodomain of HOXA9. We used a Cytotrap yeast two-hybrid assay to identify proteins that interact with NUP98-HOXA9. We identified Dynein Light Chain 1 (DYNLT1), an integral 14 KDa protein subunit of the large microtubule-based cytoplasmic dynein complex, as an interaction partner of NUP98-HOXA9. Binding was confirmed by in vitro pull down and co-immunoprecipitation assays and the FG repeat region of NUP98-HOXA9 was shown to be essential for the interaction. RNAi-mediated knockdown of DYNLT1 resulted in reduction of the ability of NUP98-HOXA9 to activate transcription and also inhibited the ability of NUP98-HOXA9 to induce proliferation of primary human hematopoietic CD34+ cells. DYNLT1 also showed a strong interaction with wild-type NUP98 and other nucleoporins containing FG repeats. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that DYNLT1 localizes primarily to the nuclear periphery, where it co-localizes with the nuclear pore complex, and to the cytoplasm. Deletion studies showed that the interactions of the nucleoporins with DYNLT1 are dependent predominantly on the C-terminal half of the DYNLT1. These data show for the first time that DYNLT1 interacts with nucleoporins and plays a role in the dysregulation of gene expression and induction of hematopoietic cell proliferation by the leukemogenic nucleoporin fusion, NUP98-HOXA9.
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20
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Babon JJ. Quantitative analysis of JAK binding using isothermal titration calorimetry and surface plasmon resonance. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 967:57-67. [PMID: 23296721 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-242-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Janus Kinases (JAKs) are the key effector kinases that initiate intracellular signalling cascades in response to cytokines and growth factors. As such, a large number of cytoplasmic proteins interact with JAKs both as substrates and as components of regulatory machinery designed to ensure correct activation and termination of signalling. In vitro techniques such as Isothermal Titration Calorimety and Surface Plasmon Resonance are valuable methods to verify and quantify the interaction between JAK and potential binding partners or substrates. Here we describe protocols that exploit both of these in vitro techniques in order to more fully understand the intracellular JAK signalling network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Babon
- Cancer and Haematology/Structural Biology Divisions, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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21
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Majumder A, Kirabo A, Karrupiah K, Tsuda S, Caldwell-Busby J, Cardounel AJ, Keseru GM, Sayeski PP. Cell death induced by the Jak2 inhibitor, G6, correlates with cleavage of vimentin filaments. Biochemistry 2011; 50:7774-86. [PMID: 21823612 DOI: 10.1021/bi200847n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hyperkinetic Jak2 tyrosine kinase signaling has been implicated in several human diseases including leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma, and the myeloproliferative neoplasms. Using structure-based virtual screening, we previously identified a novel Jak2 inhibitor named G6. We showed that G6 specifically inhibits Jak2 kinase activity and suppresses Jak2-mediated cellular proliferation. To elucidate the molecular and biochemical mechanisms by which G6 inhibits Jak2-mediated cellular proliferation, we treated Jak2-V617F expressing human erythroleukemia (HEL) cells for 12 h with either vehicle control or 25 μM of the drug and compared protein expression profiles using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. One differentially expressed protein identified by electrospray mass spectroscopy was the intermediate filament protein, vimentin. It was present in DMSO treated cells but absent in G6 treated cells. HEL cells treated with G6 showed both time- and dose-dependent cleavage of vimentin as well as a marked reorganization of vimentin intermediate filaments within intact cells. In a mouse model of Jak2-V617F mediated human erythroleukemia, G6 also decreased the levels of vimentin protein, in vivo. The G6-induced cleavage of vimentin was found to be Jak2-dependent and calpain-mediated. Furthermore, we found that intracellular calcium mobilization is essential and sufficient for the cleavage of vimentin. Finally, we show that the cleavage of vimentin intermediate filaments, per se, is sufficient to reduce HEL cell viability. Collectively, these results suggest that G6-induced inhibition of Jak2-mediated pathogenic cell growth is concomitant with the disruption of intracellular vimentin filaments. As such, this work describes a novel pathway for the targeting of Jak2-mediated pathological cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurima Majumder
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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22
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Qian CJ, Yao J, Si JM. Nuclear JAK2: form and function in cancer. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2011; 294:1446-59. [PMID: 21809458 DOI: 10.1002/ar.21443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The conventional view of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase which transmits information to the nucleus via the signal transducer and activator of transcriptions (STATs) without leaving the cytoplasm. However, accumulating data suggest that JAK2 may signal by exporting from cytoplasm to nucleus, where it guides the transcriptional machinery independent of STATs protein. Recent studies demonstrated that JAK2 is a crucial component of signaling pathways operating in the nucleus. Especially the latest landmark discovery confirmed that JAK2 goes into the nucleus and directly interacts with nucleoproteins, such as histone H3 at tyrosine 41 (H3Y41), nuclear factor 1-C2 (NF1-C2) and SWI/SNF-related helicases/ATPases (RUSH)-1α, indicating that JAK2 has a fresh nuclear function. Nuclear JAK2 is linked to a variety of cellular functions, such as cell cycle progression, apoptosis and genetic instability. The balance between these functions is an essential factor in determining whether a cell remains benign or becomes malignant. The aim of this review is intended to summarize the state of our knowledge on nuclear localization of JAK2 and nuclear JAK2 pathways, and to highlight the emerging roles for nuclear JAK2 in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Juan Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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23
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Roth DM, Moseley GW, Pouton CW, Jans DA. Mechanism of microtubule-facilitated "fast track" nuclear import. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:14335-51. [PMID: 21339293 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.210302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton has been shown to facilitate nuclear import of specific cancer-regulatory proteins including p53, retinoblastoma protein, and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), the MT association sequences (MTASs) responsible and the nature of the interplay between MT-dependent and conventional importin (IMP)-dependent nuclear translocation are unknown. Here we used site-directed mutagenesis, live cell imaging, and direct IMP and MT binding assays to map the MTAS of PTHrP for the first time, finding that it is within a short modular region (residues 82-108) that overlaps with the IMPβ1-recognized nuclear localization signal (residues 66-108) of PTHrP. Importantly, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments indicated that disruption of the MT network or mutation of the MTAS of PTHrP decreases the rate of nuclear import by 2-fold. Moreover, MTAS functions depend on mutual exclusivity of binding of PTHrP to MTs and IMPβ1 such that, following MT-dependent trafficking toward the nucleus, perinuclear PTHrP can be displaced from MTs by IMPβ1 prior to import into the nucleus. This is the first molecular definition of an MTAS that facilitates protein nuclear import as well as the first delineation of the mechanism whereby cargo is transferred directly from the cytoskeleton to the cellular nuclear import apparatus. The results have broad significance with respect to fundamental processes regulating cell physiology/transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Martino Roth
- Nuclear Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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24
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Wloga D, Gaertig J. Post-translational modifications of microtubules. J Cell Sci 2011; 123:3447-55. [PMID: 20930140 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.063727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules--polymers of tubulin--perform essential functions, including regulation of cell shape, intracellular transport and cell motility. How microtubules are adapted to perform multiple diverse functions is not well understood. Post-translational modifications of tubulin subunits diversify the outer and luminal surfaces of microtubules and provide a potential mechanism for their functional specialization. Recent identification of a number of tubulin-modifying and -demodifying enzymes has revealed key roles of tubulin modifications in the regulation of motors and factors that affect the organization and dynamics of microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Wloga
- Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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Takatori N, Kumano G, Saiga H, Nishida H. Segregation of germ layer fates by nuclear migration-dependent localization of Not mRNA. Dev Cell 2010; 19:589-98. [PMID: 20951349 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
An important step in early embryonic development is the allocation and segregation of germ layer fates into distinct embryonic regions. However, the mechanism that segregates the mesendoderm into mesoderm and endoderm fates remains largely unknown in most animals. Here, using ascidians, a primitive chordate, we show that these fates are segregated by partitioning of asymmetrically localized Not mRNA from the mesendoderm cell to its mesodermal daughter. Migration of the mesendoderm cell nucleus to the future mesoderm-forming region, release of Not mRNA from the nucleus, Wnt5α-dependent local retention of the mRNA, and subsequent repositioning of the mitotic spindle to the center of the cell are each required for the asymmetric localization and partitioning of Not mRNA. Our results show that nuclear migration plays an unexpected role in asymmetric cell divisions that segregate germ layer fates in chordate embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohito Takatori
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
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Walker SR, Chaudhury M, Nelson EA, Frank DA. Microtubule-targeted chemotherapeutic agents inhibit signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling. Mol Pharmacol 2010; 78:903-8. [PMID: 20693278 DOI: 10.1124/mol.110.066316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is inappropriately activated in the majority of breast tumors, especially in aggressive and invasive ones. In addition to driving the expression of genes promoting malignancy, STAT3 associates with tubulin and can promote cell migration. Because microtubule-targeted drugs are among the most active agents used in the treatment of breast cancer, we examined whether microtubule-based chemotherapy modulates STAT3 activity. When treated with paclitaxel or vinorelbine, breast cancer cells with constitutive activation of STAT3 display a loss of STAT3 phosphorylation, and paclitaxel disrupts the interaction of STAT3 with tubulin. Paclitaxel also inhibits cytokine-induced STAT3 activation. This effect is specific for microtubule-targeted agents, because other chemotherapeutic drugs, such as doxorubicin, have no effect on STAT3. The loss of STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation is also reflected in an inhibition of expression of STAT3 target genes. This effect is not restricted to breast cancer, because similar effects are also seen in ovarian cancer and prostate cancer cells. Thus, in addition to their role in disrupting microtubule function, microtubule-targeted agents also suppress STAT3 signaling. This may be an important component of their activity, raising the possibility that microtubule targeted therapy may be particularly effective in tumors characterized by STAT3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Walker
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Ennaciri J, Girard D. IL-4Rα, a New Member that Associates with Syk Kinase: Implication in IL-4-Induced Human Neutrophil Functions. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:5261-9. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0900109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lukong KE, Richard S. Breast tumor kinase BRK requires kinesin-2 subunit KAP3A in modulation of cell migration. Cell Signal 2007; 20:432-42. [PMID: 18077133 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2007.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2007] [Revised: 11/05/2007] [Accepted: 11/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BReast tumor Kinase (BRK) also known as protein kinase 6 (PTK6) is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase overexpressed in the majority of human breast tumors. Although some studies have implicated BRK in signalling, cell proliferation and migration, the precise intracellular role of BRK has not been fully elucidated. The RNA-binding protein Sam68, and adaptor proteins paxillin and STAT3 are the only BRK substrates that link BRK to signal transduction. To identify new BRK substrates, we screened high-density protein filter arrays by large-scale in vitro kinase assays using active recombinant BRK. We identified at least 4 BRK targets comprising the alpha-subunit of stimulatory guanine nucleotide binding protein (GNAS), FL139441, beta-tubulin and kinesin associated protein 3A (KAP3A) and validated them as BRK substrates using a secondary assay. Further characterization revealed that KAP3A is an in vivo substrate of BRK and associates with BRK in breast cancer cells. We show that BRK specifically phosphorylated tyrosine residues at the C-terminus of KAP3A and induces delocalization of KAP3A from punctate nuclear localization to a diffuse nucleo-cytoplasmic pattern. Functionally, we demonstrate that KAP3A knockdown results in suppression of BRK-induced migration of breast cancer cells and show that the C-terminal deletion mutant of KAP3A acts as a dominant negative in BRK-induced cell migration. Our findings therefore reveal new substrates of BRK and define KAP3A as a physiological substrate of BRK during cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiven E Lukong
- Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group and the Bloomfield Center for Research on Aging, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montréal Québec, Canada
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