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Kasinathan P, Prabha R, Sabeenian RS, Baskar K, Ramkumar A, Alemayehu S. Development of Deep Learning Technique of Features for the Analysis of Clinical Images Integrated with CANN. Biomed Res Int 2022; 2022:2742274. [PMID: 36277892 PMCID: PMC9586784 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2742274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Computer tomography is an extensively used method for the detection of the disease in the subjects. Basically, computer-aided tomography depending on the artificial intelligence reveals its significance in smart health care monitoring system. Owing to its security and the private issue, analyzing the computed tomography dataset has become a tedious process. This study puts forward the convolutional autoencrypted deep learning neural network to assist unsupervised learning technique. By carrying out various experiments, our proposed method produces better results comparative to other traditional methods, which efficaciously solves the issues related to the artificial image description. Hence, the convolutional autoencoder is widely used in measuring the lumps in the bronchi. With the unsupervised machine learning, the extracted features are used for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabakaran Kasinathan
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Computing, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600062 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R. Prabha
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sri Sai Ram Institute of Technology, Chennai, 600044 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R. S. Sabeenian
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sona College of Technology, Salem, 636005 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K. Baskar
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, Kongunadu College of Engineering and Technology, Trichy, 621215 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A. Ramkumar
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Samson Alemayehu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Technology, Hawassa University, Ethiopia
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Abstract
Smart grid is a sophisticated and smart electrical power transmission and distribution network, and it uses advanced information, interaction and control technologies to build up the economy, effectiveness, efficiency and grid security. The accuracy of day-to-day power consumption forecasting models has an important impact on several decisions making, such as fuel purchase scheduling, system security assessment, economic capacity generation scheduling and energy transaction planning. The techniques used for improving the load forecasting accuracy differ in the mathematical formulation as well as the features used in each formulation. Power utilization of the housing sector is an essential component of the overall electricity demand. An accurate forecast of energy consumption in the housing sector is quite relevant in this context. The recent adoption of smart meters makes it easier to access electricity readings at very precise resolutions; this source of available data can, therefore, be used to build predictive models., In this study, the authors have proposed Prophet Forecasting Model (PFM) for the application of forecasting day-ahead power consumption in association with the real-time power consumption time series dataset of a single house connected with smart grid near Paris, France. PFM is a special type of Generalized Additive Model. In this method, the time series power consumption dataset has three components, such as Trend, Seasonal and Holidays. Trend component was modelled by a saturating growth model and a piecewise linear model. Multi seasonal periods and Holidays were modelled with Fourier series. The Power consumption forecasting was done with Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Long Short Term Neural Memory Network (LSTM) and PFM. As per the comparison, the improved RMSE, MSE, MAE and RMSLE values of PFM were 0.2395, 0.0574, 0.1848 and 0.2395 respectively. From the comparison results of this study, the proposed method claims that the PFM is better than the other two models in prediction, and the LSTM is in the next position with less error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Vasudevan
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Virudhunagar District, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Vasudevan Venkatraman
- Department of Computer Science Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Virudhunagar District, Tamilnadu, India
| | - A Ramkumar
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Virudhunagar District, Tamilnadu, India
| | - A Sheela
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai
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Agulto RL, Rogers MM, Tan TC, Ramkumar A, Downing AM, Bodin H, Castro J, Nowakowski DW, Ori-McKenney KM. Autoregulatory control of microtubule binding in doublecortin-like kinase 1. eLife 2021; 10:e60126. [PMID: 34310279 PMCID: PMC8352597 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The microtubule-associated protein, doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1), is highly expressed in a range of cancers and is a prominent therapeutic target for kinase inhibitors. The physiological roles of DCLK1 kinase activity and how it is regulated remain elusive. Here, we analyze the role of mammalian DCLK1 kinase activity in regulating microtubule binding. We found that DCLK1 autophosphorylates a residue within its C-terminal tail to restrict its kinase activity and prevent aberrant hyperphosphorylation within its microtubule-binding domain. Removal of the C-terminal tail or mutation of this residue causes an increase in phosphorylation within the doublecortin domains, which abolishes microtubule binding. Therefore, autophosphorylation at specific sites within DCLK1 has diametric effects on the molecule's association with microtubules. Our results suggest a mechanism by which DCLK1 modulates its kinase activity to tune its microtubule-binding affinity. These results provide molecular insights for future therapeutic efforts related to DCLK1's role in cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina L Agulto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Melissa M Rogers
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Tracy C Tan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Amrita Ramkumar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Ashlyn M Downing
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Hannah Bodin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Julia Castro
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
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Rogers M, Tan T, Ramkumar A, Downing A, Bodin H, Castro J, Nowakowski DW, Ori-McKenney KM. Autoregulatory Control of Microtubule Binding in Doublecortin-Like Kinase 1. Biophys J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.11.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Moloney M, Tuck S, Ramkumar A, Furey A, Danaher M. Determination of pyrethrin and pyrethroid residues in animal fat using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1077-1078:60-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ramkumar A, Jong BY, Ori-McKenney KM. ReMAPping the microtubule landscape: How phosphorylation dictates the activities of microtubule-associated proteins. Dev Dyn 2017; 247:138-155. [PMID: 28980356 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) were originally identified based on their co-purification with microtubules assembled from mammalian brain lysate. They have since been found to perform a range of functions involved in regulating the dynamics of the microtubule cytoskeleton. Most of these MAPs play integral roles in microtubule organization during neuronal development, microtubule remodeling during neuronal activity, and microtubule stabilization during neuronal maintenance. As a result, mutations in MAPs contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders, psychiatric conditions, and neurodegenerative diseases. MAPs are post-translationally regulated by phosphorylation depending on developmental time point and cellular context. Phosphorylation can affect the microtubule affinity, cellular localization, or overall function of a particular MAP and can thus have profound implications for neuronal health. Here we review MAP1, MAP2, MAP4, MAP6, MAP7, MAP9, tau, and DCX, and how each is regulated by phosphorylation in neuronal physiology and disease. Developmental Dynamics 247:138-155, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Ramkumar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Brigette Y Jong
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA
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Ramkumar A, Murthy D, Raja DA, Singh A, Krishnan A, Khanna S, Vats A, Thukral L, Sharma P, Sivasubbu S, Rani R, Natarajan VT, Gokhale RS. Classical autophagy proteins LC3B and ATG4B facilitate melanosome movement on cytoskeletal tracks. Autophagy 2017; 13:1331-1347. [PMID: 28598240 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1327509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a dynamic and inducible catabolic process that responds to a variety of hormonal and environmental cues. Recent studies highlight the interplay of this central pathway in a variety of pathophysiological diseases. Although defective autophagy is implicated in melanocyte proliferation and pigmentary disorders, the mechanistic relationship between the 2 pathways has not been elucidated. In this study, we show that autophagic proteins LC3B and ATG4B mediate melanosome trafficking on cytoskeletal tracks. While studying melanogenesis, we observed spatial segregation of LC3B-labeled melanosomes with preferential absence at the dendritic ends of melanocytes. This LC3B labeling of melanosomes did not impact the steady-state levels of these organelles but instead facilitated their intracellular positioning. Melanosomes primarily traverse on microtubule and actin cytoskeletal tracks and our studies reveal that LC3B enables the assembly of microtubule translocon complex. At the microtubule-actin crossover junction, ATG4B detaches LC3B from melanosomal membranes by enzymatic delipidation. Further, by live-imaging we show that melanosomes transferred to keratinocytes lack melanocyte-specific LC3B. Our study thus elucidates a new role for autophagy proteins in directing melanosome movement and reveal the unconventional use of these proteins in cellular trafficking pathways. Such crosstalk between the central cellular function and housekeeping pathway may be a crucial mechanism to balance melanocyte bioenergetics and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Ramkumar
- a CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , Mathura Road, New Delhi , India.,b Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research , Rafi Marg, New Delhi , India
| | - Divya Murthy
- a CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , Mathura Road, New Delhi , India
| | - Desingu Ayyappa Raja
- a CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , Mathura Road, New Delhi , India.,b Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research , Rafi Marg, New Delhi , India
| | - Archana Singh
- a CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , Mathura Road, New Delhi , India
| | - Anusha Krishnan
- a CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , Mathura Road, New Delhi , India.,b Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research , Rafi Marg, New Delhi , India
| | - Sangeeta Khanna
- a CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , Mathura Road, New Delhi , India
| | - Archana Vats
- a CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , Mathura Road, New Delhi , India
| | - Lipi Thukral
- a CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , Mathura Road, New Delhi , India
| | - Pushkar Sharma
- c National Institute of Immunology , Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi , India
| | - Sridhar Sivasubbu
- a CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , Mathura Road, New Delhi , India
| | - Rajni Rani
- c National Institute of Immunology , Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi , India
| | - Vivek T Natarajan
- a CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , Mathura Road, New Delhi , India.,b Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research , Rafi Marg, New Delhi , India
| | - Rajesh S Gokhale
- a CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , Mathura Road, New Delhi , India.,b Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research , Rafi Marg, New Delhi , India.,c National Institute of Immunology , Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi , India.,d Jawaharlal Nehru Center for Advanced Scientific Research , Jakkur, Bangalore , India
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Thukral L, Sengupta D, Ramkumar A, Murthy D, Agrawal N, Gokhale RS. The Molecular Mechanism Underlying Recruitment and Insertion of Lipid-Anchored LC3 Protein into Membranes. Biophys J 2016; 109:2067-78. [PMID: 26588566 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid modification of cytoplasmic proteins initiates membrane engagement that triggers diverse cellular processes. Despite the abundance of lipidated proteins in the human proteome, the key determinants underlying membrane recognition and insertion are poorly understood. Here, we define the course of spontaneous membrane insertion of LC3 protein modified with phosphatidylethanolamine using multiple coarse-grain simulations. The partitioning of the lipid anchor chains proceeds through a concerted process, with its two acyl chains inserting one after the other. Concurrently, a conformational rearrangement involving the α-helix III of LC3, especially in the three basic residues Lys65, Arg68, and Arg69, ensures stable insertion of the phosphatidylethanolamine anchor into membranes. Mutational studies validate the crucial role of these residues, and further live-cell imaging analysis shows a substantial reduction in the formation of autophagic vesicles for the mutant proteins. Our study captures the process of water-favored LC3 protein recruitment to the membrane and thus opens, to our knowledge, new avenues to explore the cellular dynamics underlying vesicular trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipi Thukral
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India.
| | | | - Amrita Ramkumar
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India
| | - Divya Murthy
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India
| | - Nikhil Agrawal
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh S Gokhale
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India.
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Al Suleimani YM, Al Za'abi M, Ramkumar A, Al Mahruqi AS, Tageldin MH, Nemmar A, Ali BH. Influence of treatment with gum acacia on renal vascular responses in a rat model of chronic kidney disease. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2015; 19:498-506. [PMID: 25720725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted in order to investigate the effects of adenine-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) on renal blood flow and biochemical changes in rats, and to assess the effect of treatment with gum acacia (GA) thereon. MATERIALS AND METHODS CKD was induced by feeding rats with adenine (0.25% w/w, five weeks). Concomitantly, some of these rats were also given gum acacia (GA) (15% w/v in the drinking water). Before animals were sacrificed, changes in renal blood flow (RBF) were monitored in anaesthetized rat preparations. Several biochemical and histological renal function tests were also conducted. RESULTS Adenine-induced CKD significantly impaired the vasopressor actions of acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside and phenylephrine and concomitant treatment with GA abated these responses. Additionally, plasma concentrations of urea, creatinine, uric acid, indoxyl sulfate, nitrite and nitrate and urinary excretion of protein were all significantly increased by adenine. GA significantly mitigated the severity of adenine-induced changes. CONCLUSIONS Adenine-induced CKD in rats significantly impaired renal vascular responses to acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside and phenylephrine and this was mitigated by treatment with GA. This provides another experimental evidence for the usefulness of GA in the amelioration of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Al Suleimani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences; Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman.
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Natarajan VT, Ganju P, Ramkumar A, Grover R, Gokhale RS. Multifaceted pathways protect human skin from UV radiation. Nat Chem Biol 2014; 10:542-51. [DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ali B, Al Z'aabi M, Ramkumar A, Nemmar A. Anemia in adenine‐induced chronic renal failure and the influence of treatment with gum acacia thereon (1063.4). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.1063.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A. Ramkumar
- PharmacologySultan Qaboos UniversityMuscatOman
| | - A. Nemmar
- PhysiologyUnited Arab Emirates universityMuscatUnited Arab Emirates
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Ali BH, Madanagopal TT, Ramkumar A, Boudaka A, Tageldin MH, Nemmar A. Some physiological and histological aspects of the gastrointestinal tract in a mouse model of chronic renal failure. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2013; 69:162-6. [PMID: 24055632 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It has been reported that mice with 5/6 nephrectomy- induced chronic renal failure (CRF) have reduced gastrointestinal transit (GIT) and increased fecal moisture content (FMC). We have recently shown that feeding adenine (0.2%, w/w) to mice can be used as a model of CRF. Here, we investigated the possible effects of adenine-induced CRF on several in vivo and in vitro aspects of GIT physiology and histology of the stomach, duodenum, ileum and colon in mice. METHODS The effects of CRF induced by feeding adenine (0.2%, w/w for 2 or 4 weeks) on the gastric emptying index (GEI), GIT, FMC and bead expulsion test (BET) were investigated. GIT was measured by the charcoal meal test and GEI by the difference between full and empty stomach weights. Fresh and dried feces were weighed to calculate the FMC. Renal function was assessed histologically, and biochemically in plasma and urine. The light microscopic histology of the different parts of the gut, as well as the in vitro contractility of the isolated ileum was also assessed. RESULTS Feeding adenine for 2 or 4 weeks resulted in CRF. The BET was significantly increased in mice given adenine for 2 but not 4 weeks, while the GEI was significantly increased in mice treated with adenine for 4 but not 2 weeks. No significant differences between control and adenine-treated mice were found in GIT, FMC or the histology of the different parts of the gut. Acetylcholine-induced contractions of the ileum of adenine-treated rats were not significantly different from those of the controls. DISCUSSION Feeding adenine for either 2 or 4 weeks resulted in CRF, but it would appear that this model produces effects on the gastrointestinal tract that are milder than those reported before in animal models with 5/6 nephrectomy-induced-CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman.
| | - T T Madanagopal
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman
| | - A Ramkumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman
| | - A Boudaka
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman
| | - M H Tageldin
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman
| | - A Nemmar
- Department of Physiology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Ramkumar A, Madanagopal T, Al-Abri S, Waly M, Tageldin M, Fahim M, Nemmar A, Ali B. PP283—Motor and behavioral changes in mice with cisplatin-induced acute renal failure. Clin Ther 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2013.07.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ali BH, Al Za'abi M, Waly MI, Ramkumar A, Madanagopal T, Lawati I, Nemmar A. Effect of charcoal treatment on rats with adenine‐induced chronic renal failure. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.889.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Al Za'abi
- Department of PharmacologySultan Qaboos UniversityAl KhodOman
| | | | | | - T. Madanagopal
- Departmrnt of PharmacologySultan Qaboos UniversityAl KhodOman
| | - I. Lawati
- Departmrnt of PharmacologySultan Qaboos UniversityAl KhodOman
| | - A. Nemmar
- Department of PhysiologyUAEUAl AinUnited Arab Emirates
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Gupta I, Madani S, Abdraboh M, Al RH, Muzumdar S, AbdElmageed Z, Shanmuganathan S, Bhat S, Ramkumar A, Hakkim L, Ouhtit A. Abstract P4-06-16: TGF-β2, A Novel Target of CD44-Promoted Breast Cancer Invasion. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs12-p4-06-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Hyaluronan (HA) mediates communication between cancer cells and the environment via interactions with the cell surface receptor CD44. We have previously shown that CD44-HA interaction in BC cells promotes adhesion to bone marrow endothelial cells. This suggests that HA/CD44 signalling may be correlated with breast cancer (BC) metastasis. The long-term objective of this study is to increase our understanding of the mechanisms by which CD44-HA interaction promotes BC metastasis, and further identify and validate CD44-downstream transcriptional targets for anti-metastatic therapy.
Materials & Methods: Pursuant to this goal, we have developed a tetracycline (tet)-regulated expression of CD44 gene in the BC cell line MCF-7 (B5 clone) and identified TGF-β2 (Transforming Growth Factor beta-2; 3 fold induction) as a potential CD44s-downstream transcriptional target by microarray analysis. To further validate this finding, the same RNA samples, used for microarray analysis and their corresponding protein lysates collected from the BC cell line MCF-7-B5, were examined for CD44 expression in the presence of HA for 18, 24, and 48 hr post-tet withdrawal. Expression of TGF-β2 was examined using RT-PCR and western-Blot analyses.
Results: Our results showed that TGF-β2 mRNA levels were significantly elevated following the removal of tet at 18, 24, and 48 h post-HA stimulation compared to the parental cells. Furthermore, the TGF-β2 precursor protein increased in a time-dependent pattern upon HA-stimulation and in the absence of tet. More interestingly, inhibition of CD44 gene by RNAi method decreased TGF-β2 expression upon HA-stimulation and in the absence of tet.
Conclusion: Our data strongly support the hypothesis that TGF-β2 is a potential target of HA/CD44- downstream-signaling mediating BC cell invasion. Ongoing investigation aims to elucidate the signal transduction pathways coupling CD44 to the regulation of TGF-β2 expression, and further validate CD44/TGF-β2 axes in breast tumor invasion and metastasis.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-06-16.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gupta
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Al Khuwd, Oman
| | - S Madani
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Al Khuwd, Oman
| | - M Abdraboh
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Al Khuwd, Oman
| | - Riyami H Al
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Al Khuwd, Oman
| | - S Muzumdar
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Al Khuwd, Oman
| | - Z AbdElmageed
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Al Khuwd, Oman
| | - S Shanmuganathan
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Al Khuwd, Oman
| | - S Bhat
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Al Khuwd, Oman
| | - A Ramkumar
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Al Khuwd, Oman
| | - L Hakkim
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Al Khuwd, Oman
| | - A Ouhtit
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Al Khuwd, Oman
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Shanmuganathan S, AbdElmageed Z, Fernando A, Gaur R, Ramkumar A, Bhat S, Gupta I, Muzumdar S, Hakkim L, Ouhtit A. Abstract P4-06-14: CD146-suppresses breast tumor invasion via a novel transcription target TIMPv. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs12-p4-06-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The function of the cell adhesion receptor CD146, a recently discovered marker of endothelial cells and a tumor promoter of melanoma and other cancers, is controversial in breast cancer (BC). However several lines of evidence supports its role as a tumor suppressor in BC. Further, the molecular mechanisms underpinning this suppression are unknown, neither has the ligand for CD146 been identified. Using a novel validated Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (EGFP)-inducible systems of CD146 expression both in vitro and in vivo, we provide here molecular and functional evidence of CD146 and its novel transcriptional target TIMPv (a variant of tissue inhibitor of metallo-proteinases) in underpinning the suppression of BC invasion.
Tetracycline (tet-on) CD146 system was developed in both MCF-7 and MDA-231 BC founder cell lines, and validated using time course RT-PCR and western blot analyses, and fluorescent microscopy. In functional experiments, induction of CD146 inhibited BC cell migration and invasion. TIMPv, the only endogenous protein inhibitor known for metallocarboxypeptidases, was identified by expression profiling as a novel transcriptional target of CD146-signaling, an association validated by quantitative PCR and immunoblotting experiments in a range of breast and melanoma cancer cells. However, siRNA inhibition of CD146 in the SKMel-28 melanoma cell line increased TIMPv expression, suggesting that while TIMPv is a positive transcriptional target of CD146 in BC cells, it is negatively regulated in melanoma cells. Furthermore, using invasion assay, the functional relevance of TIMPv to CD146-suppressed metastasis was demonstrated by selective suppression of TIMPv in CD146-expressing BC inducible cells using RNAi. More interestingly, induction of CD146 expression in vivo, using the tet-on CD146 expression system in BC Xenograft model resulted in suppression of breast tumor growth. Further, Clinical analysis of breast tissue samples by Immunohistochemistry showed that TIMPv expression patterns paralleled those of CD44s during breast tumor progression. Pharmacological and molecular approaches revealed that the activation of NFκB via Akt pathway couples CD146 to the transcription of TIMPv in BC cells.
Our study is the first report to provide a functional molecular link of a novel transcriptional target of CD146, TIMPv, to cancer via a unique axis that underpin CD146-suppressed BC progression; TIMPv is a potential target for guiding the development of novel therapeutic strategies for BC.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-06-14.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A Fernando
- Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Seeb, Oman
| | - R Gaur
- Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Seeb, Oman
| | - A Ramkumar
- Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Seeb, Oman
| | - S Bhat
- Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Seeb, Oman
| | - I Gupta
- Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Seeb, Oman
| | - S Muzumdar
- Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Seeb, Oman
| | - L Hakkim
- Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Seeb, Oman
| | - A Ouhtit
- Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Seeb, Oman
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Ramkumar A, Francis N, Senthil Kumar R, Dinesh Kumar S. Bipaddled submental artery flap. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012; 41:458-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2011.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 10/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ramkumar A, Lal A, Paduch D, Schlegel P. An Ultrasonically Actuated Silicon-Microprobe-Based Testicular Tubule Assay. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2009; 56:2666-74. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2009.2026910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Bhaskar K, Ramachandran S, Sridhar SK, Rajarajan AT, Ramkumar A, Sanathkumar K, Srinivasa Rao G, Anbu J, Dhanaraju MD, Saravanan M. Biopharmaceutical and pharmacodynamic studies on topically applied diclofenac gel available in Indian market. Boll Chim Farm 2004; 143:208-10. [PMID: 15360107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
In the present investigation, an attempt was made to study and compare, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity produced by four marketed topical diclofenac formulations in order to justify their usefulness in the treatment of pain and inflammation. By using a diffusion cell, in vitro percutaneous permeation studies were carried out to correlate in vivo activity. The in vivo analgesic activity study was performed by tail flick method on Wistar albino rats. The anti-inflammatory activity was performed on rats by carrageenan induced inflammation. It was evident from the study that three among tested three gels; diclofenac permeated effectively through the skin and was able to elicit analgesic and anti-inflammatory responses. The study also indicated the presence of therapeutic inequivalence among the marketed topical formulation and the need of bio equivalency and therapeutic equivalency testing of marketed topical applications meant for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bhaskar
- Vel's College of Pharmacy, Old Pallavaram, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
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