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Lin Z, Li Y, Hang Y, Wang C, Liu B, Li J, Yin L, Jiang X, Du X, Qiao Z, Zhu F, Zhang Z, Zhang Q, Zhou Z. Tuning the Size of Large Dense-Core Vesicles and Quantal Neurotransmitter Release via Secretogranin II Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202263. [PMID: 35896896 PMCID: PMC9507364 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Large dense-core vesicles (LDCVs) are larger in volume than synaptic vesicles, and are filled with multiple neuropeptides, hormones, and neurotransmitters that participate in various physiological processes. However, little is known about the mechanism determining the size of LDCVs. Here, it is reported that secretogranin II (SgII), a vesicle matrix protein, contributes to LDCV size regulation through its liquid-liquid phase separation in neuroendocrine cells. First, SgII undergoes pH-dependent polymerization and the polymerized SgII forms phase droplets with Ca2+ in vitro and in vivo. Further, the Ca2+ -induced SgII droplets recruit reconstituted bio-lipids, mimicking the LDCVs biogenesis. In addition, SgII knockdown leads to significant decrease of the quantal neurotransmitter release by affecting LDCV size, which is differently rescued by SgII truncations with different degrees of phase separation. In conclusion, it is shown that SgII is a unique intravesicular matrix protein undergoing liquid-liquid phase separation, and present novel insights into how SgII determines LDCV size and the quantal neurotransmitter release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular MedicineInstitute of Molecular MedicineCollege of Future TechnologyPeking‐Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, and PKU‐IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Yinglin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular MedicineInstitute of Molecular MedicineCollege of Future TechnologyPeking‐Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, and PKU‐IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Yuqi Hang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular MedicineInstitute of Molecular MedicineCollege of Future TechnologyPeking‐Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, and PKU‐IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Changhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular MedicineInstitute of Molecular MedicineCollege of Future TechnologyPeking‐Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, and PKU‐IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular MedicineInstitute of Molecular MedicineCollege of Future TechnologyPeking‐Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, and PKU‐IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular MedicineInstitute of Molecular MedicineCollege of Future TechnologyPeking‐Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, and PKU‐IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Lili Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular MedicineInstitute of Molecular MedicineCollege of Future TechnologyPeking‐Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, and PKU‐IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Xiaohan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular MedicineInstitute of Molecular MedicineCollege of Future TechnologyPeking‐Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, and PKU‐IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Xingyu Du
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular MedicineInstitute of Molecular MedicineCollege of Future TechnologyPeking‐Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, and PKU‐IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Zhongjun Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular MedicineInstitute of Molecular MedicineCollege of Future TechnologyPeking‐Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, and PKU‐IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Feipeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular MedicineInstitute of Molecular MedicineCollege of Future TechnologyPeking‐Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, and PKU‐IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular MedicineInstitute of Molecular MedicineCollege of Future TechnologyPeking‐Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, and PKU‐IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Quanfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular MedicineInstitute of Molecular MedicineCollege of Future TechnologyPeking‐Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, and PKU‐IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Zhuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular MedicineInstitute of Molecular MedicineCollege of Future TechnologyPeking‐Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, and PKU‐IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
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Germanos M, Gao A, Taper M, Yau B, Kebede MA. Inside the Insulin Secretory Granule. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11080515. [PMID: 34436456 PMCID: PMC8401130 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The pancreatic β-cell is purpose-built for the production and secretion of insulin, the only hormone that can remove glucose from the bloodstream. Insulin is kept inside miniature membrane-bound storage compartments known as secretory granules (SGs), and these specialized organelles can readily fuse with the plasma membrane upon cellular stimulation to release insulin. Insulin is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as a biologically inactive precursor, proinsulin, along with several other proteins that will also become members of the insulin SG. Their coordinated synthesis enables synchronized transit through the ER and Golgi apparatus for congregation at the trans-Golgi network, the initiating site of SG biogenesis. Here, proinsulin and its constituents enter the SG where conditions are optimized for proinsulin processing into insulin and subsequent insulin storage. A healthy β-cell is continually generating SGs to supply insulin in vast excess to what is secreted. Conversely, in type 2 diabetes (T2D), the inability of failing β-cells to secrete may be due to the limited biosynthesis of new insulin. Factors that drive the formation and maturation of SGs and thus the production of insulin are therefore critical for systemic glucose control. Here, we detail the formative hours of the insulin SG from the luminal perspective. We do this by mapping the journey of individual members of the SG as they contribute to its genesis.
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Secondo A, Petrozziello T, Tedeschi V, Boscia F, Pannaccione A, Molinaro P, Annunziato L. Nuclear localization of NCX: Role in Ca 2+ handling and pathophysiological implications. Cell Calcium 2019; 86:102143. [PMID: 31865040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.102143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Numerous lines of evidence indicate that nuclear calcium concentration ([Ca2+]n) may be controlled independently from cytosolic events by a local machinery. In particular, the perinuclear space between the inner nuclear membrane (INM) and the outer nuclear membrane (ONM) of the nuclear envelope (NE) likely serves as an intracellular store for Ca2+ ions. Since ONM is contiguous with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the perinuclear space is adjacent to the lumen of ER thus allowing a direct exchange of ions and factors between the two organelles. Moreover, INM and ONM are fused at the nuclear pore complex (NPC), which provides the only direct passageway between the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm. However, due to the presence of ion channels, exchangers and transporters, it has been generally accepted that nuclear ion fluxes may occur across ONM and INM. Within the INM, the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) isoform 1 seems to play an important role in handling Ca2+ through the different nuclear compartments. Particularly, nuclear NCX preferentially allows local Ca2+ flowing from nucleoplasm into NE lumen thanks to the Na+ gradient created by the juxtaposed Na+/K+-ATPase. Such transfer reduces abnormal elevation of [Ca2+]n within the nucleoplasm thus modulating specific transductional pathways and providing a protective mechanism against cell death. Despite very few studies on this issue, here we discuss those making major contribution to the field, also addressing the pathophysiological implication of nuclear NCX malfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Secondo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Petrozziello
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Tedeschi
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Boscia
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Pannaccione
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Molinaro
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Hudecova S, Markova J, Simko V, Csaderova L, Stracina T, Sirova M, Fojtu M, Svastova E, Gronesova P, Pastorek M, Novakova M, Cholujova D, Kopacek J, Pastorekova S, Sedlak J, Krizanova O. Sulforaphane-induced apoptosis involves the type 1 IP3 receptor. Oncotarget 2018; 7:61403-61418. [PMID: 27528021 PMCID: PMC5308660 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we show that anti-tumor effect of sulforaphane (SFN) is partially realized through the type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R1). This effect was verified in vitro on three different stable cell lines and also in vivo on the model of nude mice with developed tumors. Early response (6 hours) of A2780 ovarian carcinoma cells to SFN treatment involves generation of mitochondrial ROS and increased transcription of NRF2 and its downstream regulated genes including heme oxygenase 1, NAD(P)H:quinine oxidoreductase 1, and KLF9. Prolonged SFN treatment (24 hours) upregulated expression of NRF2 and IP3R1. SFN induces a time-dependent phosphorylation wave of HSP27. Use of IP3R inhibitor Xestospongin C (Xest) attenuates both SFN-induced apoptosis and the level of NRF2 protein expression. In addition, Xest partially attenuates anti-tumor effect of SFN in vivo. SFN-induced apoptosis is completely inhibited by silencing of IP3R1 gene but only partially blocked by silencing of NRF2; silencing of IP3R2 and IP3R3 had no effect on these cells. Xest inhibitor does not significantly modify SFN-induced increase in the rapid activity of ARE and AP1 responsive elements. We found that Xest effectively reverses the SFN-dependent increase of nuclear content and decrease of reticular calcium content. In addition, immunofluorescent staining with IP3R1 antibody revealed that SFN treatment induces translocation of IP3R1 to the nucleus. Our results clearly show that IP3R1 is involved in SFN-induced apoptosis through the depletion of reticular calcium and modulation of transcription factors through nuclear calcium up-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Hudecova
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Markova
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Simko
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Csaderova
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tibor Stracina
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Sirova
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michaela Fojtu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eliska Svastova
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Paulina Gronesova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Pastorek
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marie Novakova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Cholujova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Kopacek
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Silvia Pastorekova
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Sedlak
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Olga Krizanova
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
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5
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Yoo SH, Huh YH, Huh SK, Chu SY, Kim KD, Hur YS. Localization and projected role of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases IIα and IIβ in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive nucleoplasmic Ca²⁺ store vesicles. Nucleus 2015; 5:341-51. [PMID: 25482123 PMCID: PMC4152348 DOI: 10.4161/nucl.29776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol (PI) kinases are key molecules that participate in the phosphoinositide signaling in the cytoplasm. Despite the accumulating evidence that supports the existence and operation of independent PI signaling system in the nucleus, the exact location of the PI kinases inside the nucleus is not well defined. Here we show that PI4-kinases IIα and IIβ, which play central roles in PI(4,5)P2 synthesis and PI signaling, are localized in numerous small nucleoplasmic vesicles that function as inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3)-sensitive Ca(2+) stores. This is in accord with the past results that showed the localization of PI4(P)5-kinases that are essential in PI(4,5)P2 production and PI(4,5)P2 in nuclear matrix. Along with PI(4,5)P2 that also exists on the nucleoplasmic vesicle membranes, the localization of PI4-kinases IIα and IIβ in the nucleoplasmic vesicles strongly implicates the vesicles to the PI signaling as well as the Ins(1,4,5)P3-depenent Ca(2+) signaling in the nucleus. Accordingly, the nucleoplasmic vesicles indeed release Ca(2+) rapidly in response to Ins(1,4,5)P3. Further, the Ins(1,4,5)P3-induced Ca(2+) release studies suggest that PI4KIIα and IIβ are localized near the Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptor (Ins(1,4,5)P3R)/Ca(2+) channels on the Ca(2+) store vesicle membranes. In view of the widespread presence of the Ins(1,4,5)P3-dependent Ca(2+) store vesicles and the need to fine-control the nuclear Ca(2+) concentrations at multiple sites along the chromatin fibers in the nucleus, the existence of the key PI enzymes in the Ins(1,4,5)P3-dependent nucleoplasmic Ca(2+) store vesicles appears to be in perfect harmony with the physiological roles of the PI kinases in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hyun Yoo
- a Department of Biochemistry; Inha University School of Medicine; Incheon, Korea
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Davis LC, Platt FM, Galione A. Preferential Coupling of the NAADP Pathway to Exocytosis in T-Cells. MESSENGER (LOS ANGELES, CALIF. : PRINT) 2015; 4:53-66. [PMID: 27330870 PMCID: PMC4910867 DOI: 10.1166/msr.2015.1040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) kills an infected or tumorigenic cell by Ca2+-dependent exocytosis of cytolytic granules at the immunological synapse formed between the two cells. However, these granules are more than reservoirs of secretory cytolytic proteins but may also serve as unique Ca2+ signaling hubs that autonomously generate their own signals for exocytosis. This review discusses a selective role for the Ca2+-mobilizing messenger, nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) and its molecular targets, two-pore channels (TPCs), in stimulating exocytosis. Given that TPCs reside on the exocytotic granules themselves, these vesicles generate as well as respond to NAADP-dependent Ca2+ signals, which may have wider implications for stimulus-secretion coupling, vesicular fusion, and patho-physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne C. Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Frances M. Platt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Antony Galione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
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7
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Effect of short- and long-term physical activities on circulating granin protein levels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 185:14-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Ohkawara T, Oyabu A, Ida-Eto M, Tashiro Y, Narita N, Narita M. Subtype-specific parafollicular localization of the neuropeptide manserin in the rat thyroid gland. Acta Histochem 2013; 115:190-4. [PMID: 22682498 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The thyroid gland is an endocrine organ which is involved in metabolism, neuroexcitability, body growth and development. The thyroid gland is also involved in the regulation of calcium metabolism, which is not yet fully understood. In this study, we investigated the localization of the granin-derived neuropeptide, manserin, in the adult rat thyroid gland. Manserin immunoreactivity was detected in thyroid follicular epithelial cells. Intense manserin signals were also detected in some, but not all, parafollicular cells, indicating that parafollicular manserin may be subtype-specific. These results indicate that thyroid manserin may play pivotal roles in parafollicular cells and follicular epithelial cells such as in calcium metabolism and/or thyroid hormone secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ohkawara
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Mie University, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan.
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10
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Hwang HJ, Chang W, Song BW, Song H, Cha MJ, Kim IK, Lim S, Choi EJ, Ham O, Lee SY, Shim J, Joung B, Pak HN, Kim SS, Choi BR, Jang Y, Lee MH, Hwang KC. Antiarrhythmic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Is Modulated by Hypoxic Environment. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 60:1698-706. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zampese E, Pizzo P. Intracellular organelles in the saga of Ca2+ homeostasis: different molecules for different purposes? Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:1077-104. [PMID: 21968921 PMCID: PMC11114864 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0845-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An increase in the concentration of cytosolic free Ca(2+) is a key component regulating different cellular processes ranging from egg fertilization, active secretion and movement, to cell differentiation and death. The multitude of phenomena modulated by Ca(2+), however, do not simply rely on increases/decreases in its concentration, but also on specific timing, shape and sub-cellular localization of its signals that, combined together, provide a huge versatility in Ca(2+) signaling. Intracellular organelles and their Ca(2+) handling machineries exert key roles in this complex and precise mechanism, and this review will try to depict a map of Ca(2+) routes inside cells, highlighting the uniqueness of the different Ca(2+) toolkit components and the complexity of the interactions between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Zampese
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Pizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
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12
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Yoo SH, Hur YS. Enrichment of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor/Ca2+ channels in secretory granules and essential roles of chromogranins. Cell Calcium 2012; 51:342-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2011.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Mitochondria and chromaffin cell function. Pflugers Arch 2012; 464:33-41. [PMID: 22278417 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-012-1074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Chromaffin cells are an excellent model for stimulus-secretion coupling. Ca(2+) entry through plasma membrane voltage-operated Ca(2+) channels (VOCC) is the trigger for secretion, but the intracellular organelles contribute subtle nuances to the Ca(2+) signal. The endoplasmic reticulum amplifies the cytosolic Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](C)) signal by Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release (CICR) and helps generation of microdomains with high [Ca(2+)](C) (HCMD) at the subplasmalemmal region. These HCMD induce exocytosis of the docked secretory vesicles. Mitochondria close to VOCC take up large amounts of Ca(2+) from HCMD and stop progression of the Ca(2+) wave towards the cell core. On the other hand, the increase of [Ca(2+)] at the mitochondrial matrix stimulates respiration and tunes energy production to the increased needs of the exocytic activity. At the end of stimulation, [Ca(2+)](C) decreases rapidly and mitochondria release the Ca(2+) accumulated in the matrix through the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger. VOCC, CICR sites and nearby mitochondria form functional triads that co-localize at the subplasmalemmal area, where secretory vesicles wait ready for exocytosis. These triads optimize stimulus-secretion coupling while avoiding propagation of the Ca(2+) signal to the cell core. Perturbation of their functioning in neurons may contribute to the genesis of excitotoxicity, ageing mental retardation and/or neurodegenerative disorders.
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Borges R, Domínguez N, Estévez-Herrera J, Pereda D, Machado JD. Vesicular Ca(2+) mediates granule motion and exocytosis. Cell Calcium 2012; 51:338-41. [PMID: 22222091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Secretory vesicles of chromaffin cells are acidic organelles that maintain an increasing pH gradient towards the cytosol (5.5 vs. 7.3) that is mediated by V-ATPase activity. This gradient is primarily responsible for the accumulation of large concentrations of amines and Ca(2+), although the mechanisms mediating Ca(2+) uptake and release from granules, and the physiological relevance of these processes, remain unclear. The presence of a vesicular matrix appears to create a bi-compartmentalised medium in which the major fractions of solutes, including catecholamines, nucleotides and Ca(2+), are strongly associated with vesicle proteins, particularly chromogranins. This association appears to be favoured at acidic pH values. It has been demonstrated that disrupting the pH gradient of secretory vesicles reduces their rate of exocytosis and promotes the leakage of vesicular amines and Ca(2+), dramatically increasing the movement of secretory vesicles and triggering exocytosis. In this short review, we will discuss the data available that highlights the importance of pH in regulating the association between chromogranins, vesicular amines and Ca(2+). We will also address the potential role of vesicular Ca(2+) in two major processes in secretory cells, vesicle movement and exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Borges
- Unidad de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
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Ondrias K, Lencesova L, Sirova M, Labudova M, Pastorekova S, Kopacek J, Krizanova O. Apoptosis induced clustering of IP(3)R1 in nuclei of non-differentiated PC12 cells. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:3147-55. [PMID: 21302308 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3)) receptors are emerging as key sites for regulation by pro- and anti-apoptotic factors. Induction of apoptosis for 3 h increased mRNA and protein levels of type 1 IP(3) receptors in non-differentiated (ND), but not in differentiated (D) PC12 cells. Inhibitors of the IP(3) R's calcium release-2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) and xestospongin-completely prevented Bax and caspase-3 mRNA increase after treatment with the apoptosis inducer set (AIK), and this reinforces the importance of IP(3) R1 in the apoptosis of ND PC12 cells. Apoptosis induction not only increases the IP(3) R1 protein, but it also causes formation of IP(3) R1 clusters in the nucleus which most likely result from fusion of the nucleoplasmic reticulum and/or IP(3) R1 translocation to the nucleus. This is quite similar to the observations noted after overexpression of IP(3) R1 in PC12 cells. The amount of IP(3) induced calcium release was higher in control than in AIK-treated cells. From our results we propose that after the apoptosis induction the amount of intranuclear calcium decreased dramatically due to the increase of calcium permeability of the nuclear calcium store vesicles. Therefore, increase of the calcium permeability may result from IP(3) receptors translocation to nuclei that can boost the calcium transport through IP(3) receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Ondrias
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Excellence for Cardiovascular Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Yoo SH. Role of secretory granules in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Ca(2+) signaling: from phytoplankton to mammals. Cell Calcium 2010; 50:175-83. [PMID: 21176957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2010.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The majority of secretory cell calcium is stored in secretory granules that serve as the major IP(3)-dependent intracellular Ca(2+) store. Even in unicellular phytoplankton secretory granules are responsible for the IP(3)-induced Ca(2+) release that triggers exocytosis. The number of secretory granules in the cell is directly related not only to the magnitude of IP(3)-induced Ca(2+) release, which accounts for the majority of the IP(3)-induced cytoplasmic Ca(2+) release in neuroendocrine cells, but also to the IP(3) sensitivity of the cytoplasmic IP(3) receptor (IP(3)R)/Ca(2+) channels. Moreover, secretory granules contain the highest IP(3)R concentrations and the largest amounts of IP(3)Rs in any subcellular organelles in neuroendocrine cells. Secretory granules from phytoplankton to mammals contain large amounts of polyanionic molecules, chromogranins being the major molecules in mammals, in addition to acidic intragranular pH and high Ca(2+) concentrations. The polyanionic molecules undergo pH- and Ca(2+)-dependent conformational changes that serve as a molecular basis for condensation-decondensation phase transitions of the intragranular matrix. Likewise, chromogranins undergo pH- and Ca(2+)-dependent conformational changes with increased exposure of the structure and increased interactions with Ca(2+) and other granule components at acidic pH. The unique physico-chemical properties of polyanionic molecules appear to be at the center of biogenesis, and physiological functions of secretory granules in living organisms from primitive to advanced species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hyun Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Inha University School of Medicine, Jung Gu, Incheon 400-712, Republic of Korea.
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Alonso MT, García-Sancho J. Nuclear Ca(2+) signalling. Cell Calcium 2010; 49:280-9. [PMID: 21146212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Revised: 10/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ca(2+) signalling is important for controlling gene transcription. Changes of the cytosolic Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](C)) may promote migration of transcription factors or transcriptional regulators to the nucleus. Changes of the nucleoplasmic Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](N)) can also regulate directly gene expression. [Ca(2+)](N) may change by propagation of [Ca(2+)](C) changes through the nuclear envelope or by direct release of Ca(2+) inside the nucleus. In the last case nuclear and cytosolic signalling can be dissociated. Phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate, phospholipase C and cyclic ADP-ribosyl cyclase are present inside the nucleus. Inositol trisphosphate receptors (IP(3)R) and ryanodine receptors (RyR) have also been found in the nucleus and can be activated by agonists. Furthermore, nuclear location of the synthesizing enzymes and receptors may be atypical, not associated to the nuclear envelope or other membranes. The possible role of nuclear subdomains such as speckles, nucleoplasmic reticulum, multi-macromolecular complexes and nuclear nanovesicles is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Alonso
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), c/Sanz y Forés 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
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18
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Yoo SH, Huh YH, Hur YS. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor in chromaffin secretory granules and its relation to chromogranins. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2010; 30:1155-61. [PMID: 21046461 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-010-9564-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3))-mediated intracellular Ca(2+) releases in secretory cells play vital roles in controlling not only the intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations but also the Ca(2+)-dependent exocytotic processes. Of intracellular organelles that release Ca(2+) in response to IP(3), secretory granules stand out as the most prominent organelle and are responsible for the majority of IP(3)-dependent Ca(2+) releases in the cytoplasm of chromaffin cells. Bovine chromaffin granules were the first granules that demonstrated the IP(3)-mediated Ca(2+) release as well as the presence of the IP(3) receptor (IP(3)R) in granule membranes. Secretory granules contain all three (type 1, 2, and 3) IP(3)R isoforms, and 58-69% of total cellular IP(3)R isoforms are expressed in bovine chromaffin granules. Moreover, secretory granules contain large amounts (2-4 mM) of chromogranins and secretogranins; chromogranins A and B, and secretogranin II being the major species. Chromogranins A and B, and secretogranin II are high-capacity, low-affinity Ca(2+) binding proteins, binding 30-93 mol of Ca(2+)/mol of protein with dissociation constants of 1.5-4.0 mM. Due to this high Ca(2+) storage properties of chromogranins secretory granules contain ~40 mM Ca(2+). Furthermore, chromogranins A and B directly interact with the IP(3)Rs and modulate the IP(3)R/Ca(2+) channels, i.e., increasing the open probability and the mean open time of the channels 8- to 16-fold and 9- to 42-fold, respectively. Coupled chromogranins change the IP(3)R/Ca(2+) channels to a more ordered, release-ready state, whereby making the IP(3)R/Ca(2+) channels significantly more sensitive to IP(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hyun Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Inha University School of Medicine, Jung Gu, Incheon 400-712, Korea.
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19
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Hur YS, Kim KD, Paek SH, Yoo SH. Evidence for the existence of secretory granule (dense-core vesicle)-based inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Ca2+ signaling system in astrocytes. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11973. [PMID: 20700485 PMCID: PMC2916839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gliotransmitters released from astrocytes are deemed to play key roles in the glial cell-neuron communication for normal function of the brain. The gliotransmitters, such as glutamate, ATP, D-serine, neuropeptide Y, are stored in vesicles of astrocytes and secreted following the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-induced intracellular Ca2+ releases. Yet studies on the identity of the IP3-dependent intracellular Ca2+ stores remain virtually unexplored. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We have therefore studied the potential existence of the IP3-sensitive intracellular Ca2+ stores in the cytoplasm of astrocytes using human brain tissue samples in contrast to cultured astrocytes that had primarily been used in the past. It was thus found that secretory granule marker proteins chromogranins and secretogranin II localize in the large dense core vesicles of astrocytes, thereby confirming the large dense core vesicles as bona fide secretory granules. Moreover, consistent with the major IP3-dependent intracellular Ca2+ store role of secretory granules in secretory cells, secretory granules of astrocytes also contained all three (types 1, 2, and 3) IP3R isoforms. SIGNIFICANCE Given that the secretory granule marker proteins chromogranins and secretogranin II are high-capacity, low-affinity Ca2+ storage proteins and chromogranins interact with the IP3Rs to activate the IP3R/Ca2+ channels, i.e., increase both the mean open time and the open probability of the channels, these results imply that secretory granules of astrocytes function as the IP3-sensitive intracellular Ca2+ store.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Suk Hur
- Department of Biochemistry, Inha University School of Medicine, Jung Gu, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ki Deok Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Inha University School of Medicine, Jung Gu, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sun Ha Paek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Inha University School of Medicine, Jung Gu, Incheon, Korea
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Courel M, Soler-Jover A, Rodriguez-Flores JL, Mahata SK, Elias S, Montero-Hadjadje M, Anouar Y, Giuly RJ, O'Connor DT, Taupenot L. Pro-hormone secretogranin II regulates dense core secretory granule biogenesis in catecholaminergic cells. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:10030-10043. [PMID: 20061385 PMCID: PMC2843166 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.064196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Revised: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Processes underlying the formation of dense core secretory granules (DCGs) of neuroendocrine cells are poorly understood. Here, we present evidence that DCG biogenesis is dependent on the secretory protein secretogranin (Sg) II, a member of the granin family of pro-hormone cargo of DCGs in neuroendocrine cells. Depletion of SgII expression in PC12 cells leads to a decrease in both the number and size of DCGs and impairs DCG trafficking of other regulated hormones. Expression of SgII fusion proteins in a secretory-deficient PC12 variant rescues a regulated secretory pathway. SgII-containing dense core vesicles share morphological and physical properties with bona fide DCGs, are competent for regulated exocytosis, and maintain an acidic luminal pH through the V-type H(+)-translocating ATPase. The granulogenic activity of SgII requires a pH gradient along this secretory pathway. We conclude that SgII is a critical factor for the regulation of DCG biogenesis in neuroendocrine cells, mediating the formation of functional DCGs via its pH-dependent aggregation at the trans-Golgi network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maïté Courel
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0838.
| | - Alex Soler-Jover
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0838
| | | | - Sushil K Mahata
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0838; Veteran Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California 92093
| | - Salah Elias
- INSERM U982, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-St.-Aignan Cedex, France
| | | | - Youssef Anouar
- INSERM U982, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-St.-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Richard J Giuly
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Daniel T O'Connor
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0838; Veteran Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California 92093.
| | - Laurent Taupenot
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0838; Veteran Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California 92093.
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Yoo SH. Secretory granules in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Ca2+ signaling in the cytoplasm of neuroendocrine cells. FASEB J 2009; 24:653-64. [PMID: 19837865 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-132456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Of all the intracellular organelles, secretory granules contain by far the highest calcium concentration; secretory granules of typical neuroendocrine chromaffin cells contain approximately 40 mM Ca(2+) and occupy approximately 20% cell volume, accounting for >60% of total cellular calcium. They also contain the majority of cellular inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP(3)Rs) in addition to the presence of >2 mM of chromogranins A and B that function as high-capacity, low-affinity Ca(2+) storage proteins. Chromogranins A and B also interact with the IP(3)Rs and activate the IP(3)R/Ca(2+) channels. In experiments with both neuroendocrine PC12 and nonneuroendocrine NIH3T3 cells, in which the number of secretory granules present was changed by either suppression or induction of secretory granule formation, secretory granules were demonstrated to account for >70% of the IP(3)-induced Ca(2+) releases in the cytoplasm. Moreover, the IP(3) sensitivity of secretory granule IP(3)R/Ca(2+) channels is at least approximately 6- to 7-fold more sensitive than those of the endoplasmic reticulum, thus enabling secretory granules to release Ca(2+) ahead of the endoplasmic reticulum. Further, there is a direct correlation between the number of secretory granules and the IP(3) sensitivity of cytoplasmic IP(3)R/Ca(2+) channels and the increased ratio of IP(3)-induced cytoplasmic Ca(2+) release, highlighting the importance of secretory granules in the IP(3)-dependent Ca(2+) signaling. Given that secretory granules are present in all secretory cells, these results presage critical roles of secretory granules in the control of cytoplasmic Ca(2+) concentrations in other secretory cells.-Yoo, S. H. Secretory granules in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Ca(2+) signaling in the cytoplasm of neuroendocrine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hyun Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Inha University School of Medicine, Jung Gu, Incheon 400-712, Korea.
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Bootman MD, Fearnley C, Smyrnias I, MacDonald F, Roderick HL. An update on nuclear calcium signalling. J Cell Sci 2009; 122:2337-50. [PMID: 19571113 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.028100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 15 years or so, numerous studies have sought to characterise how nuclear calcium (Ca2+) signals are generated and reversed, and to understand how events that occur in the nucleoplasm influence cellular Ca2+ activity, and vice versa. In this Commentary, we describe mechanisms of nuclear Ca2+ signalling and discuss what is known about the origin and physiological significance of nuclear Ca2+ transients. In particular, we focus on the idea that the nucleus has an autonomous Ca2+ signalling system that can generate its own Ca2+ transients that modulate processes such as gene transcription. We also discuss the role of nuclear pores and the nuclear envelope in controlling ion flux into the nucleoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin D Bootman
- Laboratory of Molecular Signalling, The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK.
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Laude AJ, Simpson AWM. Compartmentalized signalling: Ca2+ compartments, microdomains and the many facets of Ca2+ signalling. FEBS J 2009; 276:1800-16. [PMID: 19243429 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.06927.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ca(2+) regulates a multitude of cellular processes and does so by partitioning its actions in space and time. In this review, we discuss how Ca(2+) responses are constructed from small quantal (elementary) events that have the potential to propagate to produce large pan-cellular responses. We review how Ca(2+) is compartmentalized both physically and functionally, and describe how each organelle has its own distinct Ca(2+)-handling properties. We explain how coordination of the movement of Ca(2+) between organelles is used to shape and hone Ca(2+) signals. Finally, we provide a number of specific examples of where compartmentation and localization of Ca(2+) are crucial to cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Laude
- Department Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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