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Shewry P. Wheat grain proteins: Past, present, and future. Cereal Chem 2023; 100:9-22. [PMID: 37064052 PMCID: PMC10087814 DOI: 10.1002/cche.10585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Research on wheat grain proteins is reviewed, including achievements over the past century and priorities for future research. The focus is on three groups of proteins that have major impacts on wheat quality and utilization: the gluten proteins which determine dough viscoelasticity but also trigger celiac disease in susceptible individuals, the puroindolines which are major determinants of grain texture and the amylase/trypsin inhibitors which are food and respiratory allergens and are implicated in triggering celiac disease and nonceliac wheat sensitivity. Findings Although earlier work focused on protein structure and properties, the development of genomics and high-sensitivity proteomics has resulted in the availability of a vast amount of information on the amino acid sequences of individual wheat proteins, including allelic variants of gluten proteins which are associated with good processing quality and of puroindolines, which are associated with a hard or soft grain texture, and on protein expression and polymorphism. Conclusions However, our ability to exploit this knowledge is limited by a lack of detailed understanding of the structure:function relationships of wheat proteins. In particular, we need to understand how the three-dimensional structures of the individual proteins determine their interactions with other grain components (to determine functional properties) and with the immune systems of susceptible consumers (to trigger adverse responses), how these interactions are affected by allelic variation, and how they can be manipulated. Significance and Novelty The article, therefore, identifies priorities for future research which should enable the adoption of a more rational approach to improving the quality of wheat grain proteins.
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Talukdar PK, Turner KL, Crockett TM, Lu X, Morris CF, Konkel ME. Inhibitory Effect of Puroindoline Peptides on Campylobacter jejuni Growth and Biofilm Formation. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:702762. [PMID: 34276635 PMCID: PMC8283790 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.702762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Puroindolines are small, amphipathic, wheat proteins that determine the hardness of the wheat kernel and protect crops from different pathogens. Puroindoline A (PinA) and puroindoline B (PinB) are two major isoforms of puroindolines. These proteins have antibacterial and antifungal properties mainly attributed to their characteristic tryptophan-rich domains (TRDs). In this in vitro study, we investigated the antimicrobial effect of PinA and PinB synthetic peptides against the growth and biofilm formation of Campylobacter jejuni. C. jejuni is an important microaerobic, foodborne pathogen that causes gastrointestinal and neurological diseases in humans. Our results showed that: (1) PinA, but not PinB, has strong antimicrobial activity against C. jejuni clinical strains 81-176 and F38011, Escherichia coli O157:H7, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes; (2) The substitution of two tryptophan residues to glycine (W→G) in the TRD of PinA abolishes its antimicrobial activity against these microorganisms; (3) PinA functions additively with two common antibiotics (ciprofloxacin and erythromycin) to inhibit or inactivate C. jejuni strains; (4) PinA damages the C. jejuni cellular membrane, (5) PinA is cytotoxic to human INT 407 cells at high concentrations; and (6) PinA inhibits C. jejuni biofilm formation. In summary, this study demonstrates the antimicrobial activity of PinA against C. jejuni growth and biofilm formation and further confirms the potential use of PinA as a therapeutic agent in health care or as preservatives in the agri-food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat K Talukdar
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Kyrah L Turner
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Torin M Crockett
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Xiaonan Lu
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Craig F Morris
- Western Wheat Quality Lab, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Michael E Konkel
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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Antifungal Effects of Fusion Puroindoline B on the Surface and Intracellular Environment of Aspergillus flavus. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:249-260. [PMID: 32488675 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09667-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus infection is a major issue for safe food storage. In this study, we constructed an efficient prokaryotic expression system for puroindoline B (PINB) protein to detect its antifungal activity. The Puroindoline b gene was cloned into pET-28a (+) vector and expressed in Escherichia coli. Treatment with fusion PINB revealed that it inhibits mycelial growth of A. flavus, a common grain mold. Moreover, fusion PINB-treated A. flavus mycelium withered and exhibited a sunken spore head. As fusion PINB concentration increased, electrical conductivity in mycelium also increased, indicative of cell membrane damage. Furthermore, intracellular malate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase activity decreased, revealing a disruption in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Moreover, the dampened activity of the ion pump Na+K+-ATPase negatively affected the intracellular regulation of both ions. Catalase and superoxide dismutase activity decreased, thus reducing antioxidant capacity, a result confirmed with an increase in malondialdehyde content. Changes to the GSH/GSSG ratio indicated a shift to an intracellular oxidative state. At the same time, laser scanning confocal microscopy assay showed the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and nuclear damage. Therefore, the PINB fusion protein may have the potential to control A. flavus in grain storage and food preservation.
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Antifungal properties of recombinant Puroindoline B protein against aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Relationships between puroindoline A-prolamin interactions and wheat grain hardness. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0225293. [PMID: 32991576 PMCID: PMC7523994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Grain hardness is an important quality trait of cereal crops. In wheat, it is mainly determined by the Hardness locus that harbors genes encoding puroindoline A (PINA) and puroindoline B (PINB). Any deletion or mutation of these genes leading to the absence of PINA or to single amino acid changes in PINB leads to hard endosperms. Although it is generally acknowledged that hardness is controlled by adhesion strength between the protein matrix and starch granules, the physicochemical mechanisms connecting puroindolines and the starch-protein interactions are unknown as of this time. To explore these mechanisms, we focused on PINA. The overexpression in a hard wheat cultivar (cv. Courtot with the Pina-D1a and Pinb-D1d alleles) decreased grain hardness in a dose-related effect, suggesting an interactive process. When PINA was added to gliadins in solution, large aggregates of up to 13 μm in diameter were formed. Turbidimetry measurements showed that the PINA-gliadin interaction displayed a high cooperativity that increased with a decrease in pH from neutral to acid (pH 4) media, mimicking the pH change during endosperm development. No turbidity was observed in the presence of isolated α– and γ-gliadins, but non-cooperative interactions of PINA with these proteins could be confirmed by surface plasmon resonance. A significant higher interaction of PINA with γ-gliadins than with α–gliadins was observed. Similar binding behavior was observed with a recombinant repeated polypeptide that mimics the repeat domain of gliadins, i.e., (Pro-Gln-Gln-Pro-Tyr)8. Taken together, these results suggest that the interaction of PINA with a monomeric gliadin creates a nucleation point leading to the aggregation of other gliadins, a phenomenon that could prevent further interaction of the storage prolamins with starch granules. Consequently, the role of puroindoline-prolamin interactions on grain hardness should be addressed on the basis of previous observations that highlight the similar subcellular routing of storage prolamins and puroindolines.
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The antimicrobial properties of the puroindolines, a review. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:86. [PMID: 31134452 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2655-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial proteins, and especially antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) hold great promise in the control of animal and plant diseases with low risk of pathogen resistance. The two puroindolines, a and b, from wheat control endosperm softness of the wheat caryopsis (grain), but have also been shown to inhibit the growth and kill various bacteria and fungi, while showing little toxicity to erythrocytes. Puroindolines are small (~ 13 kDa) amphipathic proteins with a characteristic tryptophan-rich domain (TRD) that is part of an 18 or 19 amino acid residue loop subtended by a disulfide bond. This review presents a brief history of the puroindolines, their physical-chemical characteristics, their interaction with lipids and membranes, and their activity as antimicrobial proteins and AMPs. In this latter context, the use of the TRDs of puroindoline a and b in puroindoline AMP function is reviewed. The activity of puroindoline a and b and their AMPs appear to act through similar but somewhat different modes, which may involve membrane binding, membrane disruption and ion channel formation, and intra-cellular nucleic acid binding and metabolic disruption. Natural and synthetic mutants have identified key elements of the puroindolines for antimicrobial activity.
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Cornejo-Ramírez YI, Martínez-Cruz O, Del Toro-Sánchez CL, Wong-Corral FJ, Borboa-Flores J, Cinco-Moroyoqui FJ. The structural characteristics of starches and their functional properties. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2018.1518343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliviert Martínez-Cruz
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, México. C.P
| | | | | | - Jesús Borboa-Flores
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, México. C.P
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Sanders MR, Clifton LA, Frazier RA, Green RJ. Tryptophan to Arginine Substitution in Puroindoline-b Alters Binding to Model Eukaryotic Membrane. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:4847-4853. [PMID: 28448148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We have studied how puroindoline-b (PINB) mutants bind to model eukaryotic membranes dependent on binary composition of anionic:zwitterionic phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol and sphingomyelin in the model membrane. We have found that the trends in lipid binding behavior are different for wild-type PINB compared to its naturally occurring PINB(Trp44Arg) mutant form and have seen evidence of protein-induced domain formation within the lipid layer structure. Results show that selective binding of antimicrobial peptides to different membrane types is as a result of differences in lipid composition and the arrangement of lipids within the membrane surface. However, membrane-binding behavior is not easily predicted; it is determined by net charge, hydrophobicity, and the amphiphilicity of the protein/peptide lipid-binding domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Sanders
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading , PO Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AP, U.K
| | - Luke A Clifton
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Science and technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Harwell Oxford Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Richard A Frazier
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading , PO Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AP, U.K
| | - Rebecca J Green
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading , PO Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AP, U.K
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Nirmal RC, Furtado A, Wrigley C, Henry RJ. Influence of Gene Expression on Hardness in Wheat. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164746. [PMID: 27741295 PMCID: PMC5065149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Puroindoline (Pina and Pinb) genes control grain texture or hardness in wheat. Wild-type/soft alleles lead to softer grain while a mutation in one or both of these genes results in a hard grain. Variation in hardness in genotypes with identical Pin alleles (wild-type or mutant) is known but the molecular basis of this is not known. We now report the identification of wheat genotypes with hard grain texture and wild-type/soft Pin alleles indicating that hardness in wheat may be controlled by factors other than mutations in the coding region of the Pin genes. RNA-Seq analysis was used to determine the variation in the transcriptome of developing grains of thirty three diverse wheat genotypes including hard (mutant Pin) and soft (wild type) and those that were hard without having Pin mutations. This defined the role of pin gene expression and identified other candidate genes associated with hardness. Pina was not expressed in hard wheat with a mutation in the Pina gene. The ratio of Pina to Pinb expression was generally lower in the hard non mutant genotypes. Hardness may be associated with differences in Pin expression and other factors and is not simply associated with mutations in the PIN protein coding sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi C. Nirmal
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, St Lucia, Qld, Australia
| | - Agnelo Furtado
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, St Lucia, Qld, Australia
| | - Colin Wrigley
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, St Lucia, Qld, Australia
| | - Robert J. Henry
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, St Lucia, Qld, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Kammeraad JD, Giroux MJ, Hogg AC, Martin JM. Mutagenesis-Derived Puroindoline Alleles in Triticum aestivum and Their Impacts on Milling and Bread Quality. Cereal Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-08-15-0157-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob D. Kammeraad
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, U.S.A
| | - Michael J. Giroux
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, U.S.A
| | - Andrew C. Hogg
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, U.S.A
| | - John M. Martin
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, U.S.A
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Rosicka-Kaczmarek J, Stasiuk M, Nebesny E, Komisarczyk A. Fluorimetric studies of the interactions of wheat puroindolines with polar lipids on the surface starch granules. J Cereal Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Geneix N, Dalgalarrondo M, Bakan B, Rolland-Sabaté A, Elmorjani K, Marion D. A single amino acid substitution in puroindoline b impacts its self-assembly and the formation of heteromeric assemblies with puroindoline a. J Cereal Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Alfred RL, Palombo EA, Panozzo JF, Bhave M. The co-operative interaction of puroindolines in wheat grain texture may involve the hydrophobic domain. J Cereal Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sanders MR, Clifton LA, Neylon C, Frazier RA, Green RJ. Selected wheat seed defense proteins exhibit competitive binding to model microbial lipid interfaces. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:6890-6900. [PMID: 23767912 DOI: 10.1021/jf401336a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Puroindolines (Pins) and purothionins (Pths) are basic, amphiphilic, cysteine-rich wheat proteins that play a role in plant defense against microbial pathogens. This study examined the co-adsorption and sequential addition of Pins (Pin-a, Pin-b, and a mutant form of Pin-b with Trp-44 to Arg-44 substitution) and β-purothionin (β-Pth) model anionic lipid layers using a combination of surface pressure measurements, external reflection FTIR spectroscopy, and neutron reflectometry. Results highlighted differences in the protein binding mechanisms and in the competitive binding and penetration of lipid layers between respective Pins and β-Pth. Pin-a formed a blanket-like layer of protein below the lipid surface that resulted in the reduction or inhibition of β-Pth penetration of the lipid layer. Wild-type Pin-b participated in co-operative binding with β-Pth, whereas the mutant Pin-b did not bind to the lipid layer in the presence of β-Pth. The results provide further insight into the role of hydrophobic and cationic amino acid residues in antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Sanders
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, United Kingdom
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Pauly A, Pareyt B, Fierens E, Delcour JA. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. and T. turgidum L. ssp. durum) Kernel Hardness: II. Implications for End-Product Quality and Role of Puroindolines Therein. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2013; 12:427-438. [PMID: 33412682 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Wheat kernel hardness is a major quality characteristic used in classifying wheat cultivars. Differences in endosperm texture among Triticum aestivum L. or between T. aestivum and T. turgidum L. ssp. durum cultivars profoundly affect their milling behavior, the properties of the obtained flour or semolina particles, as well as the quality of products made thereof. It is now widely accepted that the presence, sequence polymorphism, or absence of the basic and cysteine-rich puroindolines a and b are responsible for differences in endosperm texture. These proteins show features in vitro, including foaming and lipid-binding properties, which provide them with a potential impact in the production of wheat-based food products, where they may improve gas cell stabilization or modulate interactions between starch, proteins, and/or lipids. We here summarize the impact of wheat hardness on milling properties and bread, cookie, cake, and pasta quality and discuss the role of puroindolines therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneleen Pauly
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram Pareyt
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ellen Fierens
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan A Delcour
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Clifton LA, Sanders MR, Castelletto V, Rogers SE, Heenan RK, Neylon C, Frazier RA, Green RJ. Puroindoline-a, a lipid binding protein from common wheat, spontaneously forms prolate protein micelles in solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:8881-8. [PMID: 21451840 DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02247k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly in solution of puroindoline-a (Pin-a), an amphiphilic lipid binding protein from common wheat, was investigated by small angle neutron scattering, dynamic light scattering and size exclusion chromatography. Pin-a was found to form monodisperse prolate ellipsoidal micelles with a major axial radius of 112 ± 4.5 Å and minor axial radius of 40.4 ± 0.18 Å. These protein micelles were formed by the spontaneous self-assembly of 38 Pin-a molecules in solution and were stable over a wide pH range (3.5-11) and at elevated temperatures (20-65 °C). Pin-a micelles could be disrupted upon addition of the non-ionic surfactant dodecyl-β-maltoside, suggesting that the protein self-assembly is driven by hydrophobic forces, consisting of intermolecular interactions between Trp residues located within a well-defined Trp-rich domain of Pin-a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A Clifton
- ISIS Spallation Neutron Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK.
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Clifton LA, Sanders MR, Hughes AV, Neylon C, Frazier RA, Green RJ. Lipid binding interactions of antimicrobial plant seed defence proteins: puroindoline-a and β-purothionin. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:17153-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21799b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Phillips RL, Palombo EA, Panozzo JF, Bhave M. Puroindolines, Pin alleles, hordoindolines and grain softness proteins are sources of bactericidal and fungicidal peptides. J Cereal Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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The tryptophan-rich domain of puroindoline is directly associated with the starch granule surface as judged by tryptic shaving and mass spectrometry. J Cereal Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Salmanowicz BP. CE determination of secaloindoline allelic forms in hexaploid triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack). J Sep Sci 2010; 33:643-50. [PMID: 20063356 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Differences in kernel texture are mainly caused by specific secaloindoline (SIN) proteins occurring in friabilin fraction of hexaploid triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) grain. SINs were isolated using Triton X-114 partitioning from either kernels/flour or starch of five triticale cultivars with wide range of different hardness. Crude SIN fraction was obtained by size-exclusion HPLC. SINs were separated on an uncoated fused-silica capillary using the iminodiacetic (IDA) buffer in conjunction with lower-concentrated poly(ethylene oxide) and ACN. A low-concentrate mixture of hydrophilic polymers, PVP and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose in IDA buffer was employed for dynamic coating of capillary inner wall. In total, on the basis of CZE profiles, two SIN-a proteins and two SIN-b proteins were identified. Allelic forms SIN-a1 and SIN-b1 have both two soft and one medium hard genotypes, however other allelic forms, designed as SIN-a2 and SIN-b2, were identified in hard and other medium hard cultivars. The CZE profiles showed that the ratio of the peak areas of SIN-b proteins isolated from triticale starch can be preliminarily used to distinguish cultivars with soft and hard grain.
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Finnie S, Jeannotte R, Morris C, Faubion J. Variation in polar lipid composition among near-isogenic wheat lines possessing different puroindoline haplotypes. J Cereal Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2009.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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In planta mutagenesis determines the functional regions of the wheat puroindoline proteins. Genetics 2009; 183:853-60. [PMID: 19752217 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.109.106013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In planta analysis of protein function in a crop plant could lead to improvements in understanding protein structure/function relationships as well as selective agronomic or end product quality improvements. The requirements for successful in planta analysis are a high mutation rate, an efficient screening method, and a trait with high heritability. Two ideal targets for functional analysis are the Puroindoline a and Puroindoline b (Pina and Pinb, respectively) genes, which together compose the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Ha locus that controls grain texture and many wheat end-use properties. Puroindolines (PINs) together impart soft texture, and mutations in either PIN result in hard seed texture. Studies of the PINs' mode of action are limited by low allelic variation. To create new Pin alleles and identify critical function-determining regions, Pin point mutations were created in planta via EMS treatment of a soft wheat. Grain hardness of 46 unique PIN missense alleles was then measured using segregating F(2):F(3) populations. The impact of individual missense alleles upon PIN function, as measured by grain hardness, ranged from neutral (74%) to intermediate to function abolishing. The percentage of function-abolishing mutations among mutations occurring in both PINA and PINB was higher for PINB, indicating that PINB is more critical to overall Ha function. This is contrary to expectations in that PINB is not as well conserved as PINA. All function-abolishing mutations resulted from structure-disrupting mutations or from missense mutations occurring near the Tryptophan-rich region. This study demonstrates the feasibility of in planta functional analysis of wheat proteins and that the Tryptophan-rich region is the most important region of both PINA and PINB.
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Sandras F, Pézolet M, Marion D, Grauby-Heywang C. Raman study of the puroindoline-a/lysopamitoylphosphatidylcholine interaction in free standing black films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:8181-8186. [PMID: 19397273 DOI: 10.1021/la9005086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The conformation of puroindoline-a (PIN-a), a protein extracted from wheat endosperm, in free-standing black films has been studied using confocal Raman spectroscopy. This protein is characterized by the presence in its sequence of a unique tryptophan (Trp)-rich domain and of five disulfide bridges stabilizing its three-dimensional structure. PIN-a is able to form free-standing films, which are very stable in time, because of its remarkable surface-active properties. These films become black in a few hours and are characterized by the presence of numerous aggregates. Their Raman spectra show major modifications of the PIN-a structure as compared to the solid form, such as the formation of beta-sheets or unordered structures, the modification of the environment of the Trp domain and, the conformation of disulfide bridges. These modifications are in agreement with an unfolding of the protein at the interfaces of the film and suggest that the Trp domain is involved in the aggregation. We have also studied the influence of increasing amounts of lysopalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (LPC) into the films. The direct observation of these mixed films shows that LPC inhibits the formation of PIN-a aggregates and that the conformation of PIN-a is strongly correlated to the LPC/PIN-a molar ratio. Raman spectroscopy also shows that PIN-a disturbs the highly organized arrangement of LPC molecules in the film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Sandras
- Centre de Physique Moleculaire Optique et Hertzienne, 33405 Talence cedex, France
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Feiz L, Wanjugi H, Melnyk C, Altosaar I, Martin J, Giroux M. Puroindolines co-localize to the starch granule surface and increase seed bound polar lipid content. J Cereal Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2009.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Clifton LA, Green RJ, Hughes AV, Frazier RA. Interfacial Structure of Wild-Type and Mutant Forms of Puroindoline-b Bound to DPPG Monolayers. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:15907-13. [DOI: 10.1021/jp806016h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luke A. Clifton
- Reading School of Pharmacy and Department of Food Biosciences, University of Reading, P.O. Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom, and ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca J. Green
- Reading School of Pharmacy and Department of Food Biosciences, University of Reading, P.O. Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom, and ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Arwel V. Hughes
- Reading School of Pharmacy and Department of Food Biosciences, University of Reading, P.O. Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom, and ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Richard A. Frazier
- Reading School of Pharmacy and Department of Food Biosciences, University of Reading, P.O. Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom, and ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
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