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Interaction of a Homologous Series of Amphiphiles with P-glycoprotein in a Membrane Environment-Contributions of Polar and Non-Polar Interactions. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010174. [PMID: 36678803 PMCID: PMC9862096 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The transport of drugs by efflux transporters in biomembranes limits their bioavailability and is a major determinant of drug resistance development by cancer cells and pathogens. A large number of chemically dissimilar drugs are transported, and despite extensive studies, the molecular determinants of substrate specificity are still not well understood. In this work, we explore the role of polar and non-polar interactions on the interaction of a homologous series of fluorescent amphiphiles with the efflux transporter P-glycoprotein. The interaction of the amphiphiles with P-glycoprotein is evaluated through effects on ATPase activity, efficiency in inhibition of [125I]-IAAP binding, and partition to the whole native membranes containing the transporter. The results were complemented with partition to model membranes with a representative lipid composition, and details on the interactions established were obtained from MD simulations. We show that when the total concentration of amphiphile is considered, the binding parameters obtained are apparent and do not reflect the affinity for P-gp. A new formalism is proposed that includes sequestration of the amphiphiles in the lipid bilayer and the possible binding of several molecules in P-gp's substrate-binding pocket. The intrinsic binding affinity thus obtained is essentially independent of amphiphile hydrophobicity, highlighting the importance of polar interactions. An increase in the lipophilicity and amphiphilicity led to a more efficient association with the lipid bilayer, which maintains the non-polar groups of the amphiphiles in the bilayer, while the polar groups interact with P-gp's binding pocket. The presence of several amphiphiles in this orientation is proposed as a mechanism for inhibition of P-pg function.
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Extracellular Alterations in pH and K+ Modify the Murine Brain Endothelial Cell Total and Phospho-Proteome. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071469. [PMID: 35890365 PMCID: PMC9324801 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathologies of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) have been linked to a multitude of central nervous system (CNS) disorders whose pathology is poorly understood. Cortical spreading depression (CSD) has long been postulated to be involved in the underlying mechanisms of these disease states, yet a complete understanding remains elusive. This study seeks to utilize an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) with brain endothelial cell (b.End3) murine endothelioma cells to investigate the role of CSD in BBB pathology by characterizing effects of the release of major pronociceptive substances into the extracellular space of the CNS. The application of trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) screening, transcellular uptake, and immunoreactive methods were used in concert with global proteome and phospho-proteomic approaches to assess the effect of modeled CSD events on the modeled BBB in vitro. The findings demonstrate relocalization and functional alteration to proteins associated with the actin cytoskeleton and endothelial tight junctions. Additionally, unique pathologic mechanisms induced by individual substances released during CSD were found to have unique phosphorylation signatures in phospho-proteome analysis, identifying Zona Occludins 1 (ZO-1) as a possible pathologic "checkpoint" of the BBB. By utilizing these phosphorylation signatures, possible novel diagnostic methods may be developed for CSD and warrants further investigation.
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Singh K, Tarapcsák S, Gyöngy Z, Ritter Z, Batta G, Bosire R, Remenyik J, Goda K. Effects of Polyphenols on P-Glycoprotein (ABCB1) Activity. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122062. [PMID: 34959345 PMCID: PMC8707248 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (Pgp, ABCB1) is a member of one of the largest families of active transporter proteins called ABC transporters. Thanks to its expression in tissues with barrier functions and its broad substrate spectrum, it is an important determinant of the absorption, metabolism and excretion of many drugs. Pgp and/or some other drug transporting ABC proteins (e.g., ABCG2, MRP1) are overexpressed in nearly all cancers and cancer stem cells by which cancer cells become resistant against many drugs. Thus, Pgp inhibition might be a strategy for fighting against drug-resistant cancer cells. Previous studies have shown that certain polyphenols interact with human Pgp. We tested the effect of 15 polyphenols of sour cherry origin on the basal and verapamil-stimulated ATPase activity of Pgp, calcein-AM and daunorubicin transport as well as on the conformation of Pgp using the conformation sensitive UIC2 mAb. We found that quercetin, quercetin-3-glucoside, narcissoside and ellagic acid inhibited the ATPase activity of Pgp and increased the accumulation of calcein and daunorubicin by Pgp-positive cells. Cyanidin-3O-sophoroside, catechin, naringenin, kuromanin and caffeic acid increased the ATPase activity of Pgp, while they had only a weaker effect on the intracellular accumulation of fluorescent Pgp substrates. Several tested polyphenols including epicatechin, trans-ferulic acid, oenin, malvin and chlorogenic acid were ineffective in all assays applied. Interestingly, catechin and epicatechin behave differently, although they are stereoisomers. We also investigated the effect of quercetin, naringenin and ellagic acid added in combination with verapamil on the transport activity of Pgp. In these experiments, we found that the transport inhibitory effect of the tested polyphenols and verapamil was additive or synergistic. Generally, our data demonstrate diverse interactions of the tested polyphenols with Pgp. Our results also call attention to the potential risks of drug–drug interactions (DDIs) associated with the consumption of dietary polyphenols concurrently with chemotherapy treatment involving Pgp substrate/inhibitor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuljeet Singh
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.S.); (S.T.); (Z.G.); (Z.R.); (G.B.); (R.B.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Tarapcsák
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.S.); (S.T.); (Z.G.); (Z.R.); (G.B.); (R.B.)
- Utah Center for Genetic Discovery, Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Zsuzsanna Gyöngy
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.S.); (S.T.); (Z.G.); (Z.R.); (G.B.); (R.B.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Ritter
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.S.); (S.T.); (Z.G.); (Z.R.); (G.B.); (R.B.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gyula Batta
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.S.); (S.T.); (Z.G.); (Z.R.); (G.B.); (R.B.)
- Department of Genetics and Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science of Technology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Rosevalentine Bosire
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.S.); (S.T.); (Z.G.); (Z.R.); (G.B.); (R.B.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Remenyik
- Institute of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Katalin Goda
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.S.); (S.T.); (Z.G.); (Z.R.); (G.B.); (R.B.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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Belisario DC, Kopecka J, Pasino M, Akman M, De Smaele E, Donadelli M, Riganti C. Hypoxia Dictates Metabolic Rewiring of Tumors: Implications for Chemoresistance. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122598. [PMID: 33291643 PMCID: PMC7761956 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a condition commonly observed in the core of solid tumors. The hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) act as hypoxia sensors that orchestrate a coordinated response increasing the pro-survival and pro-invasive phenotype of cancer cells, and determine a broad metabolic rewiring. These events favor tumor progression and chemoresistance. The increase in glucose and amino acid uptake, glycolytic flux, and lactate production; the alterations in glutamine metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation; the high levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species; the modulation of both fatty acid synthesis and oxidation are hallmarks of the metabolic rewiring induced by hypoxia. This review discusses how metabolic-dependent factors (e.g., increased acidification of tumor microenvironment coupled with intracellular alkalinization, and reduced mitochondrial metabolism), and metabolic-independent factors (e.g., increased expression of drug efflux transporters, stemness maintenance, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition) cooperate in determining chemoresistance in hypoxia. Specific metabolic modifiers, however, can reverse the metabolic phenotype of hypoxic tumor areas that are more chemoresistant into the phenotype typical of chemosensitive cells. We propose these metabolic modifiers, able to reverse the hypoxia-induced metabolic rewiring, as potential chemosensitizer agents against hypoxic and refractory tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimas Carolina Belisario
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (D.C.B.); (J.K.); (M.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Joanna Kopecka
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (D.C.B.); (J.K.); (M.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Martina Pasino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (D.C.B.); (J.K.); (M.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Muhlis Akman
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (D.C.B.); (J.K.); (M.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Enrico De Smaele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Roma, 00185 Roma, Italy;
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (D.C.B.); (J.K.); (M.P.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-670-5857
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González-Guevara E, Cárdenas G, Pérez-Severiano F, Martínez-Lazcano JC. Dysregulated Brain Cholesterol Metabolism Is Linked to Neuroinflammation in Huntington's Disease. Mov Disord 2020; 35:1113-1127. [PMID: 32410324 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease is an autosomal-dominant, neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansion in exon-1 of the huntingtin gene. Alterations in cholesterol metabolism and distribution have been reported in Huntington's disease, including abnormal interactions between mutant huntingtin and sterol regulatory element-binding proteins, decreased levels of apolipoprotein E/cholesterol/low-density lipoprotein receptor complexes, and alterations in the synthesis of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1. Plasma levels of 24S-hydroxycholestrol, a key intermediary in cholesterol metabolism and a possible marker in neurodegenerative diseases, decreased proportionally to the degree of caudate nucleus atrophy. The interaction of mutant huntingtin with sterol regulatory element-binding proteins is of particular interest given that sterol regulatory element-binding proteins play a dual role: They take part in lipid and cholesterol metabolism, but also in the inflammatory response that induces immune cell migration as well as toxic effects, particularly in astrocytes. This work summarizes current evidence on the metabolic and immune implications of sterol regulatory element-binding protein dysregulation in Huntington's disease, highlighting the potential use of drugs that modulate these alterations. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith González-Guevara
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "MVS", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Graciela Cárdenas
- Departamento de Neurología y Enfermedades Neuro-Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "MVS", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisca Pérez-Severiano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "MVS", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Martínez-Lazcano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "MVS", Mexico City, Mexico
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Lee WK, Kolesnick RN. Sphingolipid abnormalities in cancer multidrug resistance: Chicken or egg? Cell Signal 2017; 38:134-145. [PMID: 28687494 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cancer multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype encompasses a myriad of molecular, genetic and cellular alterations resulting from progressive oncogenic transformation and selection. Drug efflux transporters, in particular the MDR P-glycoprotein ABCB1, play an important role in MDR but cannot confer the complete phenotype alone indicating parallel alterations are prerequisite. Sphingolipids are essential constituents of lipid raft domains and directly participate in functionalization of transmembrane proteins, including providing an optimal lipid microenvironment for multidrug transporters, and are also perturbed in cancer. Here we postulate that increased sphingomyelin content, developing early in some cancers, recruits and functionalizes plasma membrane ABCB1 conferring a state of partial MDR, which is completed by glycosphingolipid disturbance and the appearance of intracellular vesicular ABCB1. In this review, the independent and interdependent roles of sphingolipid alterations and ABCB1 upregulation during the transformation process and resultant conferment of partial and complete MDR phenotypes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Kee Lee
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States; Institute for Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.
| | - Richard N Kolesnick
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
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Ferreira RJ, Bonito CA, Ferreira MJU, dos Santos DJ. About P-glycoprotein: a new drugable domain is emerging from structural data. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo J. Ferreira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal
| | - Cátia A. Bonito
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal
- LAQV@REQUIMTE/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences; University of Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Maria José U. Ferreira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal
| | - Daniel J.V.A. dos Santos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal
- LAQV@REQUIMTE/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences; University of Porto; Porto Portugal
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Tarapcsák S, Szalóki G, Telbisz Á, Gyöngy Z, Matúz K, Csősz É, Nagy P, Holb IJ, Rühl R, Nagy L, Szabó G, Goda K. Interactions of retinoids with the ABC transporters P-glycoprotein and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41376. [PMID: 28145501 PMCID: PMC5286421 DOI: 10.1038/srep41376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoids – derivatives of vitamin A – are important cell permeant signaling molecules that regulate gene expression through activation of nuclear receptors. P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and ABCG2 are plasma membrane efflux transporters affecting the tissue distribution of numerous structurally unrelated lipophilic compounds. In the present work we aimed to study the interaction of the above ABC transporters with retinoid derivatives. We have found that 13-cis-retinoic acid, retinol and retinyl-acetate inhibited the Pgp and ABCG2 mediated substrate transport as well as the substrate stimulated ATPase activity of these transporters. Interestingly, 9-cis-retinoic acid and ATRA (all-trans retinoic acid), both are stereoisomers of 13-cis-retinoic acid, did not have any effect on the transporters’ activity. Our fluorescence anisotropy measurements revealed that 13-cis-retinoic acid, retinol and retinyl-acetate selectively increase the viscosity and packing density of the membrane. Thus, the mixed-type inhibition of both transporters by retinol and ABCG2 by 13-cis-retinoic acid may be the collective result of direct interactions of these retinoids with the substrate binding site(s) and of indirect interactions mediated by their membrane rigidifying effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szabolcs Tarapcsák
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4002 Egyetem tér 1, P.O.B. 400, Hungary
| | - Gábor Szalóki
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4002 Egyetem tér 1, P.O.B. 400, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Telbisz
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, H-1117 Magyar tudósok körútja 2, P.O.B. 286, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Gyöngy
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4002 Egyetem tér 1, P.O.B. 400, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Matúz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4002 Egyetem tér 1, P.O.B. 400, Hungary
| | - Éva Csősz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4002 Egyetem tér 1, P.O.B. 400, Hungary
| | - Péter Nagy
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4002 Egyetem tér 1, P.O.B. 400, Hungary
| | - Imre J Holb
- Institute of Horticulture, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4015 Böszörményi út 138, P.O.B. 400, Hungary.,Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, H-1525 Hermann Ottó út 15, P.O.B. 525, Hungary
| | - Ralph Rühl
- MTA-DE, Public Health Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4028 Kassai út 26, P.O.B. 400, Hungary
| | - László Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4002 Egyetem tér 1, P.O.B. 400, Hungary
| | - Gábor Szabó
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4002 Egyetem tér 1, P.O.B. 400, Hungary
| | - Katalin Goda
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4002 Egyetem tér 1, P.O.B. 400, Hungary
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9
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Clay AT, Lu P, Sharom FJ. Interaction of the P-Glycoprotein Multidrug Transporter with Sterols. Biochemistry 2015; 54:6586-97. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam T. Clay
- Department of Molecular and
Cellular Biology and Biophysics Interdepartmental Group, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Peihua Lu
- Department of Molecular and
Cellular Biology and Biophysics Interdepartmental Group, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Frances J. Sharom
- Department of Molecular and
Cellular Biology and Biophysics Interdepartmental Group, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
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Hellmich UA, Mönkemeyer L, Velamakanni S, van Veen HW, Glaubitz C. Effects of nucleotide binding to LmrA: A combined MAS-NMR and solution NMR study. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:3158-65. [PMID: 26449340 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABC transporters are fascinating examples of fine-tuned molecular machines that use the energy from ATP hydrolysis to translocate a multitude of substrates across biological membranes. While structural details have emerged on many members of this large protein superfamily, a number of functional details are still under debate. High resolution structures yield valuable insights into protein function, but it is the combination of structural, functional and dynamic insights that facilitates a complete understanding of the workings of their complex molecular mechanisms. NMR is a technique well-suited to investigate proteins in atomic resolution while taking their dynamic properties into account. It thus nicely complements other structural techniques, such as X-ray crystallography, that have contributed high-resolution data to the architectural understanding of ABC transporters. Here, we describe the heterologous expression of LmrA, an ABC exporter from Lactococcus lactis, in Escherichia coli. This allows for more flexible isotope labeling for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies and the easy study of LmrA's multidrug resistance phenotype. We use a combination of solid-state magic angle spinning (MAS) on the reconstituted transporter and solution NMR on its isolated nucleotide binding domain to investigate consequences of nucleotide binding to LmrA. We find that nucleotide binding affects the protein globally, but that NMR is also able to pinpoint local dynamic effects to specific residues, such as the Walker A motif's conserved lysine residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute A Hellmich
- Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany; Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Leonie Mönkemeyer
- Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Biophysical Chemistry, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | | | - Clemens Glaubitz
- Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Biophysical Chemistry, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes Frankfurt, Germany.
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11
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Ferreira RJ, Ferreira MJU, dos Santos DJVA. Do adsorbed drugs onto P-glycoprotein influence its efflux capability? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:22023-34. [PMID: 26235302 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03216d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The membrane biophysical aspects by which multidrug resistance (MDR) relate to the ABC transporter function still remain largely unknown. Notwithstanding the central role that efflux pumps like P-glycoprotein have in MDR onset, experimental studies classified additionally the lipid micro-environment where P-gp is inserted as a determinant for the increased efflux capability demonstrated in MDR cell lines. Recently, a nonlinear model for drug-membrane interactions showed that, upon drug adsorption, long-range mechanical alterations are predicted to affect the P-gp ATPase function at external drug concentrations of ∼10-100 μM. However, our results also show that drug adsorption may also occur at P-gp nucleotide-binding domains where conformational changes drive the efflux cycle. Thus, we assessed the effect of drug adsorption to both protein-water and lipid-water interfaces by means of molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that free energies of adsorption are lower for modulators in both lipid/water and protein/water interfaces. Important differences in drug-protein interactions, protein dynamics and membrane biophysical characteristics were observed between the different classes. Therefore, we hypothesize that drug adsorption to the protein and lipid-water interface accounts for a complex network of events that affect the ability of transporters to efflux drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo J Ferreira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.Ulisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Abstract
Multidrug-resistance (MDR) phenomena are a worldwide health concern. ATP-binding cassette efflux pumps as P-glycoprotein have been thoroughly studied in a frantic run to develop new efflux modulators capable to reverse MDR phenotypes. The study of efflux pumps has provided some key aspects on drug extrusion, however the answers could not be found solely on ATP-binding cassette transporters. Its counterpart – the plasma membrane – is now emerging as a critical structure able to modify drug behavior and efflux pump activity. Alterations in the membrane surrounding P-glycoprotein are now known to modulate drug efflux, with membrane-related biophysical, biochemical and mechanical aspects further increasing the complexity of an already multifaceted phenomena. This review summarizes the main knowledge comprising the plasma membrane role in MDR.
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13
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Ferreira RJ, Ferreira MJU, dos Santos DJVA. Reversing cancer multidrug resistance: insights into the efflux by ABC transports fromin silicostudies. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo J. Ferreira
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal
| | - Maria-José U. Ferreira
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal
| | - Daniel J. V. A. dos Santos
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal
- REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences; University of Porto; Porto Portugal
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Bourgaux C, Couvreur P. Interactions of anticancer drugs with biomembranes: what can we learn from model membranes? J Control Release 2014; 190:127-38. [PMID: 24859379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The interactions of anticancer drugs with cell membranes are of primary importance for drug transport, accumulation and activity. However, these interactions are very difficult to investigate because of the complexity of biological membranes. Lipid model membranes have therefore been built to gain insight into the collective role of lipids in drug-membrane interactions. Membranes can act as a barrier for drug molecules, sequester them or conversely may allow them to freely diffuse, thereby modulating the accumulation of drugs into cells. Lipid membranes also affect the ability of the efflux pump Pgp to bind and efflux anticancer drugs from cells. On the other hand, anticancer drugs can alter the structure and properties of lipid membranes, which are expected to influence the functioning of embedded proteins. The relevance of lipid model membranes to assess interactions between anticancer drugs and biomembranes is evidenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudie Bourgaux
- Institut Galien-Paris Sud, UMR CNRS 8612, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, 5 rue J.B. Clément, 92 296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - Patrick Couvreur
- Institut Galien-Paris Sud, UMR CNRS 8612, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, 5 rue J.B. Clément, 92 296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
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15
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Sharom FJ. Complex Interplay between the P-Glycoprotein Multidrug Efflux Pump and the Membrane: Its Role in Modulating Protein Function. Front Oncol 2014; 4:41. [PMID: 24624364 PMCID: PMC3939933 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance in cancer is linked to expression of the P-glycoprotein multidrug transporter (Pgp, ABCB1), which exports many structurally diverse compounds from cells. Substrates first partition into the bilayer and then interact with a large flexible binding pocket within the transporter's transmembrane regions. Pgp has been described as a hydrophobic vacuum cleaner or an outwardly directed drug/lipid flippase. Recent X-ray crystal structures have shed some light on the nature of the drug-binding pocket and suggested routes by which substrates can enter it from the membrane. Detergents have profound effects on Pgp function, and several appear to be substrates. Biochemical and biophysical studies in vitro, some using purified reconstituted protein, have explored the effects of the membrane environment. They have demonstrated that Pgp is involved in a complex relationship with its lipid environment, which modulates the behavior of its substrates, as well as various functions of the protein, including ATP hydrolysis, drug binding, and drug transport. Membrane lipid composition and fluidity, phospholipid headgroup and acyl chain length all influence Pgp function. Recent studies focusing on thermodynamics and kinetics have revealed some important principles governing Pgp-lipid and substrate-lipid interactions, and how these affect drug-binding and transport. In some cells, Pgp is associated with cholesterol-rich microdomains, which may modulate its functions. The relationship between Pgp and cholesterol remains an open question; however, it clearly affects several aspects of its function in addition to substrate-membrane partitioning. The action of Pgp modulators appears to depend on their membrane permeability, and membrane fluidizers and surfactants reverse drug resistance, likely via an indirect mechanism. A detailed understanding of how the membrane affects Pgp substrates and Pgp's catalytic cycle may lead to new strategies to combat clinical drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Jane Sharom
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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16
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Rauch C, Paine SW, Littlewood P. Can long range mechanical interaction between drugs and membrane proteins define the notion of molecular promiscuity? Application to P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR). Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:5112-8. [PMID: 23850561 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Failure of treatment in over 90% of patients with metastatic cancer is due to acquired MDR. P-glycoprotein (Pgp) remains the archetypal drug membrane transporter expressed in many MDR cancer cells. Albeit the ATPase activity of Pgp is triggered by the presence of drug in the membrane, it is commonly assumed that when two drug molecules meet the same Pgp the protein cannot handle them efficiently due to steric effects and as a result the ATPase activity drops. However it is also possible that drug accumulating in the lipid-phase may affect the membrane in such a way that it imposes the mechanical closure of transporters by opposing the force mediated by ATP consumption. In this context, long range interactions between drug and membrane proteins could exist. METHODS Recent data concerning Pgp structure have allowed us to formalize this hypothesis and we present a physico-mathematical model that is not based on predictive QSAR or other empirical methods applied to experimental data. RESULTS Long range mechanical interactions between Pgp and drugs are predicted to occur at an external concentration of drug ~10-100μM as previously determined experimentally at which concentration ~50% of transporters should be rendered inactive. CONCLUSION Distance interaction(s) between Pgp and drugs exist explaining an ill-defined effect concerning the ability of any drug to inhibit Pgp once a threshold concentration in the membrane has been reached. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Potential application of the theory in the field of pharmacology concentrating on the notion of molecular promiscuity and toxicity in drug discovery prediction is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Rauch
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, College Road, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK.
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17
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Beck A, Aänismaa P, Li-Blatter X, Dawson R, Locher K, Seelig A. Sav1866 from Staphylococcus aureus and P-glycoprotein: similarities and differences in ATPase activity assessed with detergents as allocrites. Biochemistry 2013; 52:3297-309. [PMID: 23600489 DOI: 10.1021/bi400203d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette exporters Sav1866 from Staphylococcus aureus and P-glycoprotein are known to share a certain sequence similarity and disposition for cationic allocrites. Conversely, the two ATPases react very differently to neutral detergents that have previously been shown to be inhibitory allocrites for P-glycoprotein. To gain insight into the functional differences of the two proteins, we compared their basal and detergent-stimulated ATPase activity. P-Glycoprotein was investigated in NIH-MDR1-G185 plasma membrane vesicles and Sav1866 in lipid vesicles exhibiting a membrane packing density and a surface potential similar to those of the plasma membrane vesicles. Under basal conditions, Sav1866 revealed a lower catalytic efficiency and concomitantly a more pronounced sodium chloride and pH dependence than P-glycoprotein. As expected, the cationic allocrites (alkyltrimethylammonium chlorides) induced similar bell-shaped activity curves as a function of concentration for both exporters, suggesting stimulation upon binding of the first and inhibition upon binding of the second allocrite molecule. However, the neutral allocrites (n-alkyl-β-d-maltosides and n-ethylene glycol monododecyl ethers) reduced P-glycoprotein's ATPase activity at concentrations well below their critical micelle concentration (CMC) but strongly enhanced Sav1866's ATPase activity even at concentrations above their CMC. The lack of ATPase inhibition at high concentrations of neutral of detergents could be explained by their comparatively low binding affinity for the transmembrane domains of Sav1866, which seems to prevent binding of a second inhibitory molecule. The high ATPase activity in the presence of hydrophobic, long chain detergents moreover revealed that Sav1866, despite its lower basal catalytic efficiency, is a more efficient floppase for lipidlike amphiphiles than P-glycoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Beck
- Biozentrum, University of Basel , Division of Biophysical Chemistry, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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18
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Desai PV, Sawada GA, Watson IA, Raub TJ. Integration of in Silico and in Vitro Tools for Scaffold Optimization during Drug Discovery: Predicting P-Glycoprotein Efflux. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:1249-61. [DOI: 10.1021/mp300555n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant V. Desai
- Computational
ADME, ‡Drug Disposition, and §Advanced Analytics, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285,
United States
| | - Geri A. Sawada
- Computational
ADME, ‡Drug Disposition, and §Advanced Analytics, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285,
United States
| | - Ian A. Watson
- Computational
ADME, ‡Drug Disposition, and §Advanced Analytics, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285,
United States
| | - Thomas J. Raub
- Computational
ADME, ‡Drug Disposition, and §Advanced Analytics, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285,
United States
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19
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Abbott NJ, Friedman A. Overview and introduction: the blood-brain barrier in health and disease. Epilepsia 2013; 53 Suppl 6:1-6. [PMID: 23134489 DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2012.03696.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This article introduces the special issue on "Blood-Brain Barrier and Epilepsy." We review briefly current understanding of the structure and function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), including its development and normal physiology, and ways in which it can be affected in pathology. The BBB formed by the endothelium of cerebral blood vessels is one of three main barrier sites protecting the central nervous system (CNS). The barrier is not a rigid structure, but a dynamic interface with a range of interrelated functions, resulting from extremely effective tight junctions, transendothelial transport systems, enzymes, and regulation of leukocyte permeation, which thereby generates the physical, transport, enzymatic, and immune regulatory functions of the BBB. The brain endothelial cells are important components of a "modular" structure, the neurovascular unit (NVU), with several associated cell types and extracellular matrix components. Modern methods have helped in identifying a range of proteins involved in barrier structure and function, and recent studies have revealed important stages, cell types, and signaling pathways important in BBB development. There is a growing list of CNS pathologies showing BBB dysfunction, with strong evidence that this can play a major role in certain disease etiologies. The articles that follow in this issue summarize in more detail reports and discussions of the recent international meeting on "BBB in Neurological Dysfunctions," which took place recently at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Desert Campus (Beer-Sheva, Israel), focusing on the link between experimental and clinical studies, and the ways in which these lead to improved drug treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Joan Abbott
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Blood-Brain Barrier Group, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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20
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Clay AT, Sharom FJ. Lipid Bilayer Properties Control Membrane Partitioning, Binding, and Transport of P-Glycoprotein Substrates. Biochemistry 2013; 52:343-54. [DOI: 10.1021/bi301532c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam T. Clay
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Biophysics
Interdepartmental Group, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Frances J. Sharom
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Biophysics
Interdepartmental Group, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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21
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Desai PV, Raub TJ, Blanco MJ. How hydrogen bonds impact P-glycoprotein transport and permeability. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:6540-8. [PMID: 23006604 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The requirement to cross a biological membrane can be a complex process especially if multidrug transporters such as P-gp must be considered. Drug partitioning into the lipid membrane and efflux by P-gp are tightly coupled processes wherein H-bonding interactions play a key role. All H-bond donors and acceptors are not equal in terms of the strength of the H-bonds that they form, hence it is important to consider their relative strength. Using various examples from literature, we illustrate the benefits of considering the relative strengths of individual H-bonds and introducing intramolecular H-bonds to increase membrane permeability and/or decrease P-gp efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant V Desai
- Computational ADME, Drug Disposition, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
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22
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Li-Blatter X, Beck A, Seelig A. P-glycoprotein-ATPase modulation: the molecular mechanisms. Biophys J 2012; 102:1383-93. [PMID: 22455921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein-ATPase is an efflux transporter of broad specificity that counteracts passive allocrit influx. Understanding the rate of allocrit transport therefore matters. Generally, the rates of allocrit transport and ATP hydrolysis decrease exponentially with increasing allocrit affinity to the transporter. Here we report unexpectedly strong down-modulation of the P-glycoprotein-ATPase by certain detergents. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, we chose 34 electrically neutral and cationic detergents with different hydrophobic and hydrophilic characteristics. Measurement of the P-glycoprotein-ATPase activity as a function of concentration showed that seven detergents activated the ATPase as expected, whereas 27 closely related detergents reduced it significantly. Assessment of the free energy of detergent partitioning into the lipid membrane and the free energy of detergent binding from the membrane to the transporter revealed that the ratio, q, of the two free energies of binding determined the rate of ATP hydrolysis. Neutral (cationic) detergents with a ratio of q = 2.7 ± 0.2 (q > 3) followed the aforementioned exponential dependence. Small deviations from the optimal ratio strongly reduced the rates of ATP hydrolysis and flopping, respectively, whereas larger deviations led to an absence of interaction with the transporter. P-glycoprotein-ATPase inhibition due to membrane disordering by detergents could be fully excluded using (2)H-NMR-spectroscopy. Similar principles apply to modulating drugs.
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23
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Zietkowski D, Payne GS, Nagy E, Mobberley MA, Ryder TA, deSouza NM. Comparison of NMR lipid profiles in mitotic arrest and apoptosis as indicators of paclitaxel resistance in cervical cell lines. Magn Reson Med 2011; 68:369-77. [PMID: 22161549 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.23265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2011] [Revised: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize changes in lipid saturation using magnetic resonance spectroscopy of sensitive (HeLa) and resistant (C33A; Me180) cervical cancer cell lines following exposure to paclitaxel to explore lipid profiles as biomarkers of drug resistance. Spectra were acquired at 11.74 T. Flow cytometry, electron, and confocal microscopy assessed cellular morphology. Western blots assessed cytoplasmic phospholipase A(2) , fatty acid synthase, and acyl-CoA synthetase1 expression. After 24 h of paclitaxel exposure, >60% of cells showed mitotic arrest. At 48 h, HeLa cells showed apoptosis while C33A/Me180 cells showed normal morphology indicating resistance. MR-visible lipids increased significantly in all lines at 24 h with further increases at 48 h; resistant lines showed smaller increases than HeLa. Cytoplasmic phospholipase A(2) and fatty acid synthase levels were unchanged at 24 h and dropped at 48 h in HeLa; acyl-CoA synthetase1 was higher in Me180/C33A than in HeLa controls but did not increase significantly. The percentage of cells displaying lipid droplets increased significantly at 24 and 48 h in all lines; droplet size increased only in HeLa cells. Droplet number was >3-4× greater in apoptotic compared with mitotic-arrested cells. Apoptotic cells accumulate unsaturated fatty acids in large (relative to control) droplets; resistant lines accumulated smaller droplets with less triglycerides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Zietkowski
- CRUK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
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24
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Agnani D, Acharya P, Martinez E, Tran TT, Abraham F, Tobin F, Ellens H, Bentz J. Fitting the elementary rate constants of the P-gp transporter network in the hMDR1-MDCK confluent cell monolayer using a particle swarm algorithm. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25086. [PMID: 22028772 PMCID: PMC3196501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein, a human multidrug resistance transporter, has been extensively studied due to its importance to human health and disease. In order to understand transport kinetics via P-gp, confluent cell monolayers overexpressing P-gp are widely used. The purpose of this study is to obtain the mass action elementary rate constants for P-gp's transport and to functionally characterize members of P-gp's network, i.e., other transporters that transport P-gp substrates in hMDR1-MDCKII confluent cell monolayers and are essential to the net substrate flux. Transport of a range of concentrations of amprenavir, loperamide, quinidine and digoxin across the confluent monolayer of cells was measured in both directions, apical to basolateral and basolateral to apical. We developed a global optimization algorithm using the Particle Swarm method that can simultaneously fit all datasets to yield accurate and exhaustive fits of these elementary rate constants. The statistical sensitivity of the fitted values was determined by using 24 identical replicate fits, yielding simple averages and standard deviations for all of the kinetic parameters, including the efflux active P-gp surface density. Digoxin required additional basolateral and apical transporters, while loperamide required just a basolateral tranporter. The data were better fit by assuming bidirectional transporters, rather than active importers, suggesting that they are not MRP or active OATP transporters. The P-gp efflux rate constants for quinidine and digoxin were about 3-fold smaller than reported ATP hydrolysis rate constants from P-gp proteoliposomes. This suggests a roughly 3∶1 stoichiometry between ATP hydrolysis and P-gp transport for these two drugs. The fitted values of the elementary rate constants for these P-gp substrates support the hypotheses that the selective pressures on P-gp are to maintain a broad substrate range and to keep xenobiotics out of the cytosol, but not out of the apical membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deep Agnani
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Poulomi Acharya
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Esteban Martinez
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Thuy Thanh Tran
- Preclinical Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Feby Abraham
- Scientific Computing and Mathematical Modeling, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Frank Tobin
- Scientific Computing and Mathematical Modeling, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Harma Ellens
- Preclinical Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Joe Bentz
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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25
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Cole S, Bagal S, El-Kattan A, Fenner K, Hay T, Kempshall S, Lunn G, Varma M, Stupple P, Speed W. Full efficacy with no CNS side-effects: unachievable panacea or reality? DMPK considerations in design of drugs with limited brain penetration. Xenobiotica 2011; 42:11-27. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2011.617847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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26
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Dastvan R, Bode BE, Karuppiah MPR, Marko A, Lyubenova S, Schwalbe H, Prisner TF. Optimization of Transversal Relaxation of Nitroxides for Pulsed Electron−Electron Double Resonance Spectroscopy in Phospholipid Membranes. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:13507-16. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1060039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Dastvan
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bela E. Bode
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Muruga Poopathi Raja Karuppiah
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andriy Marko
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sevdalina Lyubenova
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Harald Schwalbe
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas F. Prisner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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27
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Klepsch F, Ecker GF. Impact of the Recent Mouse P-Glycoprotein Structure for Structure-Based Ligand Design. Mol Inform 2010; 29:276-86. [PMID: 27463054 DOI: 10.1002/minf.201000017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
P-Glycoprotein (P-gp), a transmembrane, ATP-dependent drug efflux transporter, has attracted considerable interest both with respect to its role in tumour cell multidrug resistance and in absorption-distribution and elimination of drugs. Although known since more than 30 years, the understanding of the molecular basis of drug/transporter interaction is still limited, which is mainly due to the lack of structural information available. However, within the past decade X-ray structures of several bacterial homologues as well as very recently also of mouse P-gp have become available. Within this review we give an overview on the current status of structural information available and on its impact for structure-based drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freya Klepsch
- University of Vienna, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Wien, Austria phone: +43-1-4277-55110; fax: +43-1-4277-9551
| | - Gerhard F Ecker
- University of Vienna, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Wien, Austria phone: +43-1-4277-55110; fax: +43-1-4277-9551.
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28
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Nervi P, Li-Blatter X, Äänismaa P, Seelig A. P-glycoprotein substrate transport assessed by comparing cellular and vesicular ATPase activity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2010; 1798:515-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Revised: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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29
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Abstract
The role of the ATP-binding cassette ABCB1 in mediating the resistance to chemotherapy in many forms of cancer has been well established. The protein is also endogenously expressed in numerous barrier and excretory tissues, thereby regulating or impacting on drug pharmacokinetic profiles. Given these prominent roles in health and disease, a great deal of biochemical, structural and pharmacological research has been directed towards modulating its activity. Despite the effort, only a small handful of compounds have reached the later stages of clinical trials. What is responsible for this poor return on the heavy research investment? Perhaps the most significant factor is the lack of information on the location, physical features and chemical properties of the drug-binding site(s) in ABCB1. This minireview outlines the various strategies and outcomes of research efforts to pin-point the sites of interaction. The data may be assimilated into two working hypotheses to describe drug binding to ABCB1; (a) the central cavity and the (b) domain interface models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Crowley
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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30
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Li-Blatter X, Nervi P, Seelig A. Detergents as intrinsic P-glycoprotein substrates and inhibitors. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2009; 1788:2335-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Revised: 07/09/2009] [Accepted: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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Gannon MK, Holt JJ, Bennett SM, Wetzel BR, Loo TW, Bartlett MC, Clarke DM, Sawada GA, Higgins JW, Tombline G, Raub TJ, Detty MR. Rhodamine inhibitors of P-glycoprotein: an amide/thioamide "switch" for ATPase activity. J Med Chem 2009; 52:3328-41. [PMID: 19402665 DOI: 10.1021/jm900253g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have examined 46 tetramethylrosamine/rhodamine derivatives with structural diversity in the heteroatom of the xanthylium core, the amino substituents of the 3- and 6-positions, and the alkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl group at the 9-substituent. These compounds were examined for affinity and ATPase stimulation in isolated MDR3 CL P-gp and human P-gp-His(10), for their ability to promote uptake of calcein AM and vinblastine in multidrug-resistant MDCKII-MDR1 cells, and for transport in monolayers of MDCKII-MDR1 cells. Thioamide 31-S gave K(M) of 0.087 microM in human P-gp. Small changes in structure among this set of compounds affected affinity as well as transport rate (or flux) even though all derivatives examined were substrates for P-gp. With isolated protein, tertiary amide groups dictate high affinity and high stimulation while tertiary thioamide groups give high affinity and inhibition of ATPase activity. In MDCKII-MDR1 cells, the tertiary thioamide-containing derivatives promote uptake of calcein AM and have very slow passive, absorptive, and secretory rates of transport relative to transport rates for tertiary amide-containing derivatives. Thioamide 31-S promoted uptake of calcein AM and inhibited efflux of vinblastine with IC(50)'s of approximately 2 microM in MDCKII-MDR1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Gannon
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA
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32
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Gao M, Yamazaki M, Loe DW, Westlake CJ, Grant CE, Cole SP, Deeley RG. Multidrug resistance protein. Identification of regions required for active transport of leukotriene C4. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:10733-10740. [PMID: 9553138 DOI: 10.1002/9781118705308.ch9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance protein (MRP) is a broad specificity, primary active transporter of organic anion conjugates that confers a multidrug resistance phenotype when transfected into drug-sensitive cells. The protein was the first example of a subgroup of the ATP-binding cassette superfamily whose members have three membrane-spanning domains (MSDs) and two nucleotide binding domains. The role(s) of the third MSD of MRP and its related transporters is not known. To begin to address this question, we examined the ability of various MRP fragments, expressed individually and in combination, to transport the MRP substrate, leukotriene C4 (LTC4). We found that elimination of the entire NH2-terminal MSD or just the first putative transmembrane helix, or substitution of the MSD with the comparable region of the functionally and structurally related transporter, the canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT/MRP2), had little effect on protein accumulation in the membrane. However, all three modifications decreased LTC4 transport activity by at least 90%. Transport activity could be reconstituted by co-expression of the NH2-terminal MSD with a fragment corresponding to the remainder of the MRP molecule, but this required both the region encoding the transmembrane helices of the NH2-terminal MSD and the cytoplasmic region linking it to the next MSD. In contrast, a major part of the cytoplasmic region linking the NH2-proximal nucleotide binding domain of the protein to the COOH-proximal MSD was not required for active transport of LTC4.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gao
- Cancer Research Laboratories, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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