1
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Brenna JT, Sergeeva MG, Pestov NB, Korneenko TV, Shchepinov MS. Arachidonic acid: reconciling the dichotomy of its oxidative cascade through specific deuteration. Free Radic Res 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37897398 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2023.2277145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
A new approach to attenuating pathological inflammatory reactions by buffering the eicosanoid pathways with oxidation-resistant hexadeuterated arachidonic acid (D-ARA) is discussed. Enzymatic processing of ARA, released by phospholipase A2, by lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenases, and cytochromes yields a wide range of bioactive eicosanoids, including pro-inflammation, pro-angiogenesis and pro-thrombosis species that, when produced in excess, are an underlying cause of pathology. Conversely, some products of ARA oxidation possess pro-resolving properties. Non-enzymatic free radical oxidation of ARA generates another large group of products such as isoprostanes and their metabolites, associated with inflammation, ischemia-reperfusion stress, and atherosclerosis. A separate group comprises reactive carbonyl derivatives that irreversibly damage diverse biomolecules. Being resistant to both enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidation pathways due to large kinetic isotope effects, D-ARA may play a role in mitigating inflammation-related disorders and conditions, including inflammaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Thomas Brenna
- University of TX at Austin, Departments of Pediatrics, of Chemistry, and of Nutrition, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Marina G Sergeeva
- Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay B Pestov
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Laboratory of Tick-Borne Encephalitis and other Encephalitides, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Group of Cross-Linking Enzymes, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana V Korneenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Group of Cross-Linking Enzymes, Moscow, Russia
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2
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Benatzy Y, Palmer MA, Brüne B. Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase type B: Regulation, function, and its role in pathophysiology. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1042420. [PMID: 36438817 PMCID: PMC9682198 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1042420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As a lipoxygenase (LOX), arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase type B (ALOX15B) peroxidizes polyenoic fatty acids (PUFAs) including arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and linoleic acid (LA) to their corresponding fatty acid hydroperoxides. Distinctive to ALOX15B, fatty acid oxygenation occurs with positional specificity, catalyzed by the non-heme iron containing active site, and in addition to free PUFAs, membrane-esterified fatty acids serve as substrates for ALOX15B. Like other LOX enzymes, ALOX15B is linked to the formation of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs), and altered expression is apparent in various inflammatory diseases such as asthma, psoriasis, and atherosclerosis. In primary human macrophages, ALOX15B expression is associated with cellular cholesterol homeostasis and is induced by hypoxia. Like in inflammation, the role of ALOX15B in cancer is inconclusive. In prostate and breast carcinomas, ALOX15B is attributed a tumor-suppressive role, whereas in colorectal cancer, ALOX15B expression is associated with a poorer prognosis. As the biological function of ALOX15B remains an open question, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research related to ALOX15B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Benatzy
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Megan A. Palmer
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt, Germany
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3
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Steck V, Kolev JN, Ren X, Fasan R. Mechanism-Guided Design and Discovery of Efficient Cytochrome P450-Derived C-H Amination Biocatalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10343-10357. [PMID: 32407077 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cytochromes P450 have been recently identified as a promising class of biocatalysts for mediating C-H aminations via nitrene transfer, a valuable transformation for forging new C-N bonds. The catalytic efficiency of P450s in these non-native transformations is however significantly inferior to that exhibited by these enzymes in their native monooxygenase function. Using a mechanism-guided strategy, we report here the rational design of a series of P450BM3-based variants with dramatically enhanced C-H amination activity acquired through disruption of the native proton relay network and other highly conserved structural elements within this class of enzymes. This approach further guided the identification of XplA and BezE, two "atypical" natural P450s implicated in the degradation of a man-made explosive and in benzastatins biosynthesis, respectively, as very efficient C-H aminases. Both XplA and BezE could be engineered to further improve their C-H amination reactivity, which demonstrates their evolvability for abiological reactions. These engineered and natural P450 catalysts can promote the intramolecular C-H amination of arylsulfonyl azides with over 10 000-14 000 catalytic turnovers, ranking among the most efficient nitrene transfer biocatalysts reported to date. Mechanistic and structure-reactivity studies provide insights into the origin of the C-H amination reactivity enhancement and highlight the divergent structural requirements inherent to supporting C-H amination versus C-H monooxygenation reactivity within this class of enzymes. Overall, this work provides new promising scaffolds for the development of nitrene transferases and demonstrates the value of mechanism-driven rational design as a strategy for improving the catalytic efficiency of metalloenzymes in the context of abiological transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Steck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Joshua N Kolev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Xinkun Ren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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4
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Soler J, González-Lafont À, Lluch JM. A protocol to obtain multidimensional quantum tunneling corrections derived from QM(DFT)/MM calculations for an enzyme reaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:27385-27393. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05265e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The multidimensional small-curvature tunneling (SCT) method with Electrostatic Embedding calculations is a compromise between an accessible computational cost and the attainment of an accurate enough estimation of tunneling for an enzyme reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Soler
- Departament de Química Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- Bellaterra
- Spain
| | - Àngels González-Lafont
- Departament de Química Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- Bellaterra
- Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB)
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
| | - José M. Lluch
- Departament de Química Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- Bellaterra
- Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB)
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
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5
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Jahagirdar S, Suarez-Diez M, Saccenti E. Simulation and Reconstruction of Metabolite-Metabolite Association Networks Using a Metabolic Dynamic Model and Correlation Based Algorithms. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:1099-1113. [PMID: 30663881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Biological networks play a paramount role in our understanding of complex biological phenomena, and metabolite-metabolite association networks are now commonly used in metabolomics applications. In this study we evaluate the performance of several network inference algorithms (PCLRC, MRNET, GENIE3, TIGRESS, and modifications of the MRNET algorithm, together with standard Pearson's and Spearman's correlation) using as a test case data generated using a dynamic metabolic model describing the metabolism of arachidonic acid (consisting of 83 metabolites and 131 reactions) and simulation individual metabolic profiles of 550 subjects. The quality of the reconstructed metabolite-metabolite association networks was assessed against the original metabolic network taking into account different degrees of association among the metabolites and different sample sizes and noise levels. We found that inference algorithms based on resampling and bootstrapping perform better when correlations are used as indexes to measure the strength of metabolite-metabolite associations. We also advocate for the use of data generated using dynamic models to test the performance of algorithms for network inference since they produce correlation patterns that are more similar to those observed in real metabolomics data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeevan Jahagirdar
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology , Wageningen University & Research , Stippeneng 4 , 6708WE Wageningen , The Netherlands
| | - Maria Suarez-Diez
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology , Wageningen University & Research , Stippeneng 4 , 6708WE Wageningen , The Netherlands
| | - Edoardo Saccenti
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology , Wageningen University & Research , Stippeneng 4 , 6708WE Wageningen , The Netherlands
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6
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Meng H, Dai Z, Zhang W, Liu Y, Lai L. Molecular mechanism of 15-lipoxygenase allosteric activation and inhibition. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:14785-14795. [PMID: 29780994 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08586a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Human reticulocyte 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) plays an important role in inflammation resolution and is also involved in many cancer-related processes. Both an activator and an inhibitor will serve as research tools for understanding the biological functions of 15-LOX and provide opportunities for drug discovery. In a previous study, both allosteric activators and inhibitors of 15-LOX were discovered through a virtual screening based computational approach. However, why molecules binding to the same site causes different effects remains to be disclosed. In the present study, we used previously reported activator and inhibitor molecules as probes to elucidate the mechanism of allosteric regulation of 15-LOX. We measured the influences of the allosteric activator and inhibitor on the enzymatic reaction rate and found that the activator increases 15-LOX activity by preventing substrate inhibition instead of increasing the turnover number. The inhibitor can also prevent substrate inhibition but decreases the turnover number at the same time, resulting in inhibition. Molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to help explain the underlying mechanism of allostery. Both the activator and inhibitor were demonstrated to be able to prevent 15-LOX from transforming into potentially inactive conformations. Compared to the activator, the inhibitor molecule restrains the motions of residues around the substrate binding site and reduces the flexibility of 15-LOX. These results explained the different effects between the activator and the inhibitor and shed light on how to effectively design novel activator molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Meng
- BNLMS, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, A518 Chemistry Building, 202 Chengfu Road, Beijing 100871, China.
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7
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Navratil A, Shchepinov MS, Dennis EA. Lipidomics Reveals Dramatic Physiological Kinetic Isotope Effects during the Enzymatic Oxygenation of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Ex Vivo. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:235-243. [PMID: 29206462 PMCID: PMC5765537 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4) is an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and the main precursor to the class of lipid mediators known as eicosanoids. The enzymes that catalyze the oxygenation of AA begin by abstracting hydrogen from one of three bis-allylic carbons within 1,4-cis,cis-diene units. Substitution of deuterium for hydrogen has been shown to lead to massive kinetic isotope effects (KIE) for soybean lipoxygenase (sLOX) oxygenation of linoleic acid (LA, 18:2). Yet, experimental determination of the KIE during oxygenation of AA and LA by mammalian enzymes including cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) has revealed far lower values. All prior studies investigating the KIE of PUFA oxygenation have relied on in vitro systems using purified enzymes and were limited by availability of deuterated substrates. Here we demonstrate the use of macrophages as an ex vivo model system to study the physiological KIE (PKIE) during enzymatic AA oxygenation by living cells using a newly synthesized library of deuterated AA isotopologues. By extending lipidomic UPLC-MS/MS approaches to simultaneously quantify native and deuterated lipid products, we were able to demonstrate that the magnitude of the PKIE measured in macrophages for COX and LOX oxygenation of AA is similar to KIEs determined in previous reports using the AA isotopologue deuterated at carbon 13 (C13). However, for the first time we show that increasing the number of deuterated bis-allylic carbons to include both C10 and C13 leads to a massive increase in the PKIE for COX oxygenation of AA. We provide evidence that hydrogen(s) present at C10 of AA play a critical role in the catalysis of prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis. Furthermore, we discovered that deuteration of C10 promotes the formation of the resolving lipid mediator lipoxin B4, likely by interfering with AA cyclization and shunting AA to the LOX pathway under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron
R. Navratil
- Departments
of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093-0601, United States
| | - Mikhail S. Shchepinov
- Retrotope,
Incorporated, 4300 El
Camino Real, Suite 201, Los Altos, California 94022, United States
| | - Edward A. Dennis
- Departments
of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093-0601, United States
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8
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Saura P, Kaganer I, Heydeck D, Lluch JM, Kühn H, González-Lafont À. Mutagenesis of Sequence Determinants of Truncated Porcine ALOX15 Induces Changes in the Reaction Specificity by Altering the Catalytic Mechanism of Initial Hydrogen Abstraction. Chemistry 2017; 24:962-973. [PMID: 29154477 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The reaction specificity of lipoxygenases is of physiological relevance since the various oxygenation products exhibit different biological activities. Among mammalian ALOX15 orthologs there are arachidonic acid 12- and 15-lipoxygenating enzymes and recent studies suggested an evolutionary switch in that reaction specificity during late primate development. Previous reports showed that 12-lipoxygenating ALOX15 orthologs can be converted to 15-lipoxygenating enzymes by site-directed mutagenesis of some sequence determinants. Unfortunately, the molecular basis for those alterations are not well understood. Here, the arachidonic acid 12-lipoxygenating N-terminal truncation variant of pig ALOX15, for which a crystal structure is available, was used to explore the catalytic mechanism of the specificity switch induced by mutagenesis of Val418 and Val419 sequence determinants. We found that Val418Ile+Val419Met double mutant is dominantly 15-lipoxygenating. Docking and MD simulations, and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations indicated that the wildtype energy barrier for arachidonic acid 15-lipoxygenation is 3.4 kcal mol-1 higher than for 12-lipoxygenation. In contrast, for the Val418Ile+Val419Met double mutant the energy barrier for 12-lipoxygenation is 6.0 kcal mol-1 higher than for 15-lipoxygenation. Our data suggest that enzyme-substrate complex geometries determine the value of these energy barriers and, as a consequence, the reaction specificity of ALOX15 orthologs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Saura
- Departament de Química and Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ilya Kaganer
- Institute for Biochemistry (CC2), Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dagmar Heydeck
- Institute for Biochemistry (CC2), Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - José M Lluch
- Departament de Química and Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hartmut Kühn
- Institute for Biochemistry (CC2), Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Àngels González-Lafont
- Departament de Química and Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Schuhmann K, Srzentić K, Nagornov KO, Thomas H, Gutmann T, Coskun Ü, Tsybin YO, Shevchenko A. Monitoring Membrane Lipidome Turnover by Metabolic 15N Labeling and Shotgun Ultra-High-Resolution Orbitrap Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2017; 89:12857-12865. [PMID: 29111682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipidomes undergo permanent extensive remodeling, but how the turnover rate differs between lipid classes and molecular species is poorly understood. We employed metabolic 15N labeling and shotgun ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry (sUHR) to quantify the absolute (molar) abundance and determine the turnover rate of glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids by direct analysis of total lipid extracts. sUHR performed on a commercial Orbitrap Elite instrument at the mass resolution of 1.35 × 106 (m/z 200) baseline resolved peaks of 13C isotopes of unlabeled and monoisotopic peaks of 15N labeled lipids (Δm = 0.0063 Da). Therefore, the rate of metabolic 15N labeling of individual lipid species could be determined without compromising the scope, accuracy, and dynamic range of full-lipidome quantitative shotgun profiling. As a proof of concept, we employed sUHR to determine the lipidome composition and fluxes of 62 nitrogen-containing membrane lipids in human hepatoma HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Schuhmann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics , Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristina Srzentić
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Henrik Thomas
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics , Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Theresia Gutmann
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden , Fetscher Strasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research , Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ünal Coskun
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden , Fetscher Strasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research , Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yury O Tsybin
- Spectroswiss , EPFL Innovation Park, Building I, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrej Shevchenko
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics , Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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10
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Guo WH, Luo ZJ, Zeng W, Zhang X. Access to Difluoromethylene-Skipped 1,4-Diynes with gem-Difluoropropargyl Bromide. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b03216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hao Guo
- Key
Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhi-Ji Luo
- Key
Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenbin Zeng
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xingang Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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11
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Fomich MA, Bekish AV, Vidovic D, Lamberson CR, Lysenko IL, Lawrence P, Brenna JT, Sharko OL, Shmanai VV, Shchepinov MS. Full Library of (Bis-allyl)-deuterated Arachidonic Acids: Synthesis and Analytical Verification. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maksim A. Fomich
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry; National Academy of Sciences of Belarus; Surganova str. 13 220072 Minsk Belarus
| | - Andrei V. Bekish
- Department of Chemistry; Belarusian State University; 220050 Minsk, Leningradskaya 14 Belarus
| | - Dragoslav Vidovic
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University; 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371
| | - Connor R. Lamberson
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology; Vanderbilt University; Nashville, TN 37235 USA
| | - Ivan L. Lysenko
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry; National Academy of Sciences of Belarus; Surganova str. 13 220072 Minsk Belarus
| | - Peter Lawrence
- Division of Nutritional Sciences; Cornell University, Savage Hall; Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - J. Thomas Brenna
- Division of Nutritional Sciences; Cornell University, Savage Hall; Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Olga L. Sharko
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry; National Academy of Sciences of Belarus; Surganova str. 13 220072 Minsk Belarus
| | - Vadim V. Shmanai
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry; National Academy of Sciences of Belarus; Surganova str. 13 220072 Minsk Belarus
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12
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Offenbacher AR, Zhu H, Klinman JP. Synthesis of Site-Specifically 13C Labeled Linoleic Acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2016; 57:4537-4540. [PMID: 28260819 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Soybean lipoxygenase-1 (SLO-1) catalyzes the C-H abstraction from the reactive carbon (C-11) in linoleic acid as the first and rate-determining step in the formation of alkylhydroperoxides. While previous labeling strategies have focused on deuterium labeling to ascertain the primary and secondary kinetic isotope effects for this reaction, there is an emerging interest and need for selectively enriched 13C isotopologues. In this report, we present synthetic strategies for site-specific 13C labeled linoleic acid substrates. We take advantage of a Corey-Fuchs formyl to terminal 13C-labeled alkyne conversion, using 13CBr4 as the labeling source, to reduce the number of steps from a previous fatty acid 13C synthetic labeling approach. The labeled linoleic acid substrates are useful as nuclear tunneling markers and for extracting active site geometries of the enzyme-substrate complex in lipoxygenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Offenbacher
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720; Quantitative Institutes of Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720; Quantitative Institutes of Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720
| | - Judith P Klinman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720; Quantitative Institutes of Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720
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13
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Saura P, Masgrau L, Heydeck D, Kühn H, Lluch JM, González-Lafont À. Is Regioselectivity in the Enzyme-Catalyzed Hydroperoxidation of Arachidonic Acid Necessarily Determined by Hydrogen Abstraction? The Case of Rabbit Leu597Ala/Ile663Ala ALOX15 Mutant. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:3321-3332. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Saura
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
| | - Laura Masgrau
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
| | - Dagmar Heydeck
- Institute of Biochemistry; University Medicine Berlin-Charité; Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6 10117 Berlin Germany
| | - Hartmut Kühn
- Institute of Biochemistry; University Medicine Berlin-Charité; Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6 10117 Berlin Germany
| | - José M. Lluch
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
| | - Àngels González-Lafont
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
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14
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Mittal M, Kumar RB, Balagunaseelan N, Hamberg M, Jegerschöld C, Rådmark O, Haeggström JZ, Rinaldo-Matthis A. Kinetic investigation of human 5-lipoxygenase with arachidonic acid. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3547-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Roginskii VA. Kinetic isotope effect in the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793115030094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Peck SC, Chekan JR, Ulrich EC, Nair SK, van der Donk WA. A common late-stage intermediate in catalysis by 2-hydroxyethyl-phosphonate dioxygenase and methylphosphonate synthase. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:3217-20. [PMID: 25699631 PMCID: PMC4487810 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
2-Hydroxyethylphosphonate dioxygenase (HEPD) and methylphosphonate synthase (MPnS) are nonheme iron oxygenases that both catalyze the carbon-carbon bond cleavage of 2-hydroxyethylphosphonate but generate different products. Substrate labeling experiments led to a mechanistic hypothesis in which the fate of a common intermediate determined product identity. We report here the generation of a bifunctional mutant of HEPD (E176H) that exhibits the activity of both HEPD and MPnS. The product distribution of the mutant is sensitive to a substrate isotope effect, consistent with an isotope-sensitive branching mechanism involving a common intermediate. The X-ray structure of the mutant was determined and suggested that the introduced histidine does not coordinate the active site metal, unlike the iron-binding glutamate it replaced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer C. Peck
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jonathan R. Chekan
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Matthews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Emily C. Ulrich
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Satish K. Nair
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Matthews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Wilfred A. van der Donk
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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17
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Saura P, Suardíaz R, Masgrau L, Lluch JM, González-Lafont À. Unraveling How Enzymes Can Use Bulky Residues To Drive Site-Selective C–H Activation: The Case of Mammalian Lipoxygenases Catalyzing Arachidonic Acid Oxidation. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs5006103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Saura
- Departament de Quı́mica and ‡Institut de Biotecnologia
i de
Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Reynier Suardíaz
- Departament de Quı́mica and ‡Institut de Biotecnologia
i de
Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Masgrau
- Departament de Quı́mica and ‡Institut de Biotecnologia
i de
Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M. Lluch
- Departament de Quı́mica and ‡Institut de Biotecnologia
i de
Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Àngels González-Lafont
- Departament de Quı́mica and ‡Institut de Biotecnologia
i de
Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Wennman A, Karkehabadi S, Oliw EH. Kinetic investigation of the rate-limiting step of manganese- and iron-lipoxygenases. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 555-556:9-15. [PMID: 24857825 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOX) oxidize polyunsaturated fatty acids to hydroperoxides, which are generated by proton coupled electron transfer to the metal center with FeIIIOH- or MnIIIOH-. Hydrogen abstraction by FeIIIOH- of soybean LOX-1 (sLOX-1) is associated with a large deuterium kinetic isotope effect (D-KIE). Our goal was to compare the D-KIE and other kinetic parameters at different temperatures of sLOX-1 with 13R-LOX with catalytic manganese (13R-MnLOX). The reaction rate and the D-KIE of sLOX-1 with unlabeled and [11-2H2]18:2n-6 were almost temperature independent with an apparent D-KIE of ∼56 at 30°C, which is in agreement with previous studies. In contrast, the reaction rate of 13R-MnLOX increased 7-fold with temperature (8-50°C), and the apparent D-KIE decreased linearly from ∼38 at 8°C to ∼20 at 50°C. The kinetic lag phase of 13R-MnLOX was consistently extended at low temperatures. The Phe337Ile mutant of 13R-MnLOX, which catalyzes antarafacial hydrogen abstraction and oxygenation in analogy with sLOX-1, retained the large D-KIE and its temperature-dependent reaction rate. The kinetic differences between 13R-MnLOX and sLOX-1 may be due to protein dynamics, hydrogen donor-acceptor distances, and to the metal ligands, which may not equalize the 0.7V-gap between the redox potentials of the free metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneli Wennman
- Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Saeid Karkehabadi
- Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ernst H Oliw
- Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
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19
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Suardíaz R, Masgrau L, Lluch JM, González-Lafont A. Regio- and stereospecificity in the oxygenation of arachidonic acid catalyzed by Leu597 mutants of rabbit 15-lipoxygenase: a QM/MM study. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:2303-10. [PMID: 24753045 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We combined quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations with molecular dynamics simulations to study the addition of O2 to the pentadienyl radical of arachidonic acid (AA) catalyzed by the Leu597Val and Leu597Ala mutants of rabbit 15-lipoxygenase (15-rLO). In the Leu597Val mutant, the addition of O2 to C15 of AA is the predominant path, although it reduces the C15/C11 product ratio by almost ten times with respect to the wildtype enzyme. The S stereochemistry is kept. Mutation to Ala causes just the opposite effect: regiospecificity favoring addition to C15 is somewhat sharper than that in the wildtype, but the stereochemistry is R. This is because the extra space created by the mutation to Ala is big enough for AA to move so that it can adopt an alternative binding mode, and this opens new feasible paths for the attack of O2 . So, we showed that the Leu597Ala mutant of 15r-LO works as an aspirin-acetylated cyclooxygenase-2, which makes 15-(R)- hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reynier Suardíaz
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona (Spain); Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona (Spain)
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20
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Suardíaz R, Masgrau L, Lluch JM, González-Lafont À. On the Regio- and Stereospecificity of Arachidonic Acid Peroxidation Catalyzed by Mammalian 15-Lypoxygenases: A Combined Molecular Dynamics and QM/MM Study. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:3777-87. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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21
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Suardíaz R, Masgrau L, Lluch JM, González-Lafont A. An insight into the regiospecificity of linoleic acid peroxidation catalyzed by mammalian 15-lipoxygenases. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:3747-54. [PMID: 23496802 DOI: 10.1021/jp312747q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
15-Lipoxygenases (15-LOs) catalyze the peroxidation reaction of linoleic acid (LA) in mammals producing almost exclusively 13-(S)-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-(S)-HPODE). Although several hypotheses have been formulated, the molecular basis of such enzymatic regiospecificity is unclear. We have here combined quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations with molecular dynamics simulations to analyze the peroxidation mechanism using a complete rabbit 15-LO-1/LA solvated model. C9 and C13 being equivalent for planarity and spin density, the QM/MM potential energy profiles of the O2 addition to those two atoms were calculated. The difference in the potential energy barrier heights is clear enough to justify that O2 selectively attacks C13 giving 13-(S)-HPODE. Oxygenation at C9 is hindered by two steric-shielding residues (Leu597 and Gln548). The calculated free energy profile at 300 K for the O2 addition to C13 confirms that the peroxidation on C13 is a reversible viable process in agreement with experiments. Thus, the subsequent reduction of the peroxyl radical to give the final hydroperoxidated product is expected to give the irreversibility character to the overall process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reynier Suardíaz
- Departament de Química and ‡Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Gregus AM, Dumlao DS, Wei SC, Norris PC, Catella LC, Meyerstein FG, Buczynski MW, Steinauer JJ, Fitzsimmons BL, Yaksh TL, Dennis EA. Systematic analysis of rat 12/15-lipoxygenase enzymes reveals critical role for spinal eLOX3 hepoxilin synthase activity in inflammatory hyperalgesia. FASEB J 2013; 27:1939-49. [PMID: 23382512 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-217414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we observed significant increases in spinal 12-lipoxygenase (LOX) metabolites, in particular, hepoxilins, which contribute to peripheral inflammation-induced tactile allodynia. However, the enzymatic sources of hepoxilin synthase (HXS) activity in rats remain elusive. Therefore, we overexpressed each of the 6 rat 12/15-LOX enzymes in HEK-293T cells and measured by LC-MS/MS the formation of HXB3, 12-HETE, 8-HETE, and 15-HETE from arachidonic acid (AA) at baseline and in the presence of LOX inhibitors (NDGA, AA-861, CDC, baicalein, and PD146176) vs. vehicle-treated and mock-transfected controls. We detected the following primary intrinsic activities: 12-LOX (Alox12, Alox15), 15-LOX (Alox15b), and HXS (Alox12, Alox15). Similar to human and mouse orthologs, proteins encoded by rat Alox12b and Alox12e possessed minimal 12-LOX activity with AA as substrate, while eLOX3 (encoded by Aloxe3) exhibited HXS without 12-LOX activity when coexpressed with Alox12b or supplemented with 12-HpETE. CDC potently inhibited HXS and 12-LOX activity in vitro (relative IC50s: CDC, ~0.5 and 0.8 μM, respectively) and carrageenan-evoked tactile allodynia in vivo. Notably, peripheral inflammation significantly increased spinal eLOX3; intrathecal pretreatment with either siRNA targeting Aloxe3 or an eLOX3-selective antibody attenuated the associated allodynia. These findings implicate spinal eLOX3-mediated hepoxilin synthesis in inflammatory hyperesthesia and underscore the importance of developing more selective 12-LOX/HXS inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Gregus
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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23
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Cooper HLR, Mishra G, Huang X, Pender-Cudlip M, Austin RN, Shanklin J, Groves JT. Parallel and competitive pathways for substrate desaturation, hydroxylation, and radical rearrangement by the non-heme diiron hydroxylase AlkB. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:20365-75. [PMID: 23157204 PMCID: PMC3531984 DOI: 10.1021/ja3059149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A purified and highly active form of the non-heme diiron hydroxylase AlkB was investigated using the diagnostic probe substrate norcarane. The reaction afforded C2 (26%) and C3 (43%) hydroxylation and desaturation products (31%). Initial C-H cleavage at C2 led to 7% C2 hydroxylation and 19% 3-hydroxymethylcyclohexene, a rearrangement product characteristic of a radical rearrangement pathway. A deuterated substrate analogue, 3,3,4,4-norcarane-d(4), afforded drastically reduced amounts of C3 alcohol (8%) and desaturation products (5%), while the radical rearranged alcohol was now the major product (65%). This change in product ratios indicates a large kinetic hydrogen isotope effect of ∼20 for both the C-H hydroxylation at C3 and the desaturation pathway, with all of the desaturation originating via hydrogen abstraction at C3 and not C2. The data indicate that AlkB reacts with norcarane via initial C-H hydrogen abstraction from C2 or C3 and that the three pathways, C3 hydroxylation, C3 desaturation, and C2 hydroxylation/radical rearrangement, are parallel and competitive. Thus, the incipient radical at C3 either reacts with the iron-oxo center to form an alcohol or proceeds along the desaturation pathway via a second H-abstraction to afford both 2-norcarene and 3-norcarene. Subsequent reactions of these norcarenes lead to detectable amounts of hydroxylation products and toluene. By contrast, the 2-norcaranyl radical intermediate leads to C2 hydroxylation and the diagnostic radical rearrangement, but this radical apparently does not afford desaturation products. The results indicate that C-H hydroxylation and desaturation follow analogous stepwise reaction channels via carbon radicals that diverge at the product-forming step.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Girish Mishra
- Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 50 Bell Avenue, Upton, NY 11973
| | - Xiongyi Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544
| | | | | | - John Shanklin
- Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 50 Bell Avenue, Upton, NY 11973
| | - John T. Groves
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544
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24
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Oger C, Balas L, Durand T, Galano JM. Are alkyne reductions chemo-, regio-, and stereoselective enough to provide pure (Z)-olefins in polyfunctionalized bioactive molecules? Chem Rev 2012. [PMID: 23194255 DOI: 10.1021/cr3001753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR CNRS 5247, Université Montpellier 1, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 av. Charles Flahault, Bât. D, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
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25
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Substrate binding to mammalian 15-lipoxygenase. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2011; 25:825-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s10822-011-9466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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26
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Cyclooxygenase reaction mechanism of prostaglandin H synthase from deuterium kinetic isotope effects. J Inorg Biochem 2011; 105:382-90. [PMID: 21394223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2010.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase catalysis by prostaglandin H synthase (PGHS) is thought to involve a multistep mechanism with several radical intermediates. The proposed mechanism begins with transfer of the C13 pro-(S) hydrogen atom from the substrate arachidonic acid (AA) to the Tyr385 radical in PGHS, followed by oxygen insertion and several bond rearrangements. The importance of the hydrogen-transfer step to controlling the overall kinetics of cyclooxygenase catalysis has not been directly examined. We quantified the non-competitive primary kinetic isotope effect (KIE) for both PGHS-1 and -2 using unlabeled AA and several deuterated AAs, including 13-pro-(S) d-AA, 13,13-d(2)-AA and 10, 10, 13,13-d(4)-AA. The primary KIE for steady-state cyclooxygenase catalysis, (D)k(cat), ranged between 1.8 and 2.3 in oxygen electrode measurements. The intrinsic KIE of AA radical formation by C13 pro-(S) hydrogen abstraction in PGHS-1 was estimated to be 1.9-2.3 using rapid freeze-quench EPR kinetic analysis of anaerobic reactions and computer modeling to a mechanism that includes slow formation of a pentadienyl AA radical and rapid equilibration of the AA radical with a tyrosyl radical, NS1c. The observation of similar values for steady-state and pre-steady state KIEs suggests that hydrogen abstraction is a rate-limiting step in cyclooxygenase catalysis. The large difference of the observed KIE from that of lipoxygenase indicates very different mechanism of hydrogen transfer.
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27
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Nadler A, Koch C, Brodhun F, Wehland JD, Tittmann K, Feussner I, Diederichsen U. Influence of Substrate Dideuteration on the Reaction of the Bifunctional Heme Enzyme Psi Factor Producing Oxygenase A (PpoA). Chembiochem 2011; 12:728-37. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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28
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Toledo L, Masgrau L, Maréchal JD, Lluch JM, González-Lafont À. Insights into the Mechanism of Binding of Arachidonic Acid to Mammalian 15-Lipoxygenases. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:7037-46. [DOI: 10.1021/jp912120n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lea Toledo
- Departament de Química and Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Masgrau
- Departament de Química and Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jean-Didier Maréchal
- Departament de Química and Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M. Lluch
- Departament de Química and Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Àngels González-Lafont
- Departament de Química and Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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29
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Wecksler AT, Kenyon V, Garcia NK, Deschamps JD, van der Donk WA, Holman TR. Kinetic and structural investigations of the allosteric site in human epithelial 15-lipoxygenase-2. Biochemistry 2009; 48:8721-30. [PMID: 19645454 DOI: 10.1021/bi9009242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Allosteric regulation of human lipoxygenase (hLO) activity has recently been implicated in the cellular biology of prostate cancer. In the current work, we present isotope effect, pH, and substrate inhibitor data of epithelial 15-hLO-2, which probe the allosteric effects on its mechanistic behavior. The Dk(cat)/KM for 15-hLO-2, with AA and LA as substrate, is large indicating hydrogen atom abstraction is the principle rate-determining step, involving a tunneling mechanism for both substrates. For AA, there are multiple rate determining steps (RDS) at both high and low temperatures, with both diffusion and hydrogen bonding rearrangements contributing at high temperature, but only hydrogen bonding rearrangements contributing at low temperature. The observed kinetic dependency on the hydrogen bonding rearrangement is eliminated upon addition of the allosteric effector, 13-(S)-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HODE), and no allosteric effects were seen on diffusion or hydrogen atom abstraction. The (k(cat)/KM)AA/(k(cat)/KM)LA ratio was observed to have a pH dependence, which was fit with a titration curve (pKa = 7.7), suggesting the protonation of a histidine residue, which could hydrogen bond with the carboxylate of 13-HODE. Assuming this interaction, 13-HODE was docked to the solvent exposed histidines of a 15-hLO-2 homology model and found to bind well with H627, suggesting a potential location for the allosteric site. Utilizing d31-LA as an inhibitor, it was demonstrated that the binding of d31-LA to the allosteric site changes the conformation of 15-hLO-2 such that the affinity for substrate increases. This result suggests that allosteric binding locks the enzyme into a catalytically competent state, which facilitates binding of LA and decreases the (k(cat)/KM)AA/(k(cat)/KM)LA ratio. Finally, the magnitude of the 13-HODE KD for 15-hLO-2 is over 200-fold lower than that of 13-HODE for 15-hLO-1, changing the substrate specificity of 15-hLO-2 to 1.9. This would alter the LO product distribution and increase the production of the pro-tumorigenic, 13-HODE, possibly representing a pro-tumorigenic feedback loop for 13-HODE and 15-hLO-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Wecksler
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
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30
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Wecksler AT, Jacquot C, van der Donk WA, Holman TR. Mechanistic investigations of human reticulocyte 15- and platelet 12-lipoxygenases with arachidonic acid. Biochemistry 2009; 48:6259-67. [PMID: 19469483 DOI: 10.1021/bi802332j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human reticulocyte 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-hLO-1) and human platelet 12-lipoxygenase (12-hLO) have been implicated in a number of diseases, with differences in their relative activity potentially playing a central role. In this work, we characterize the catalytic mechanism of these two enzymes with arachidonic acid (AA) as the substrate. Using variable-temperature kinetic isotope effects (KIE) and solvent isotope effects (SIE), we demonstrate that both k(cat)/K(M) and k(cat) for 15-hLO-1 and 12-hLO involve multiple rate-limiting steps that include a solvent-dependent step and hydrogen atom abstraction. A relatively low k(cat)/K(M) KIE of 8 was determined for 15-hLO-1, which increases to 18 upon the addition of the allosteric effector molecule, 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE), indicating a tunneling mechanism. Furthermore, the addition of 12-HETE lowers the observed k(cat)/K(M) SIE from 2.2 to 1.4, indicating that the rate-limiting contribution from a solvent sensitive step in the reaction mechanism of 15-hLO-1 has decreased, with a concomitant increase in the C-H bond abstraction contribution. Finally, the allosteric binding of 12-HETE to 15-hLO-1 decreases the K(M)[O(2)] for AA to 15 microM but increases the K(M)[O(2)] for linoleic acid (LA) to 22 microM, such that the k(cat)/K(M)[O(2)] values become similar for both substrates (approximately 0.3 s(-1) microM(-1)). Considering that the oxygen concentration in cancerous tissue can be less than 5 microM, this result may have cellular implications with respect to the substrate specificity of 15-hLO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Wecksler
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
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31
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Jacquot C, McGinley CM, Plata E, Holman TR, van der Donk WA. Synthesis of 11-thialinoleic acid and 14-thialinoleic acid, inhibitors of soybean and human lipoxygenases. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:4242-52. [PMID: 18972057 PMCID: PMC2883171 DOI: 10.1039/b808003h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipoxygenases catalyse the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and have been invoked in many diseases including cancer, atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Currently, no X-ray structures are available with substrate or substrate analogues bound in a productive conformation. Such structures would be very useful for examining interactions between substrate and active site residues. Reported here are the syntheses of linoleic acid analogues containing a sulfur atom at the 11 or 14 positions. The key steps in the syntheses were the incorporation of sulfur using nucleophilic attack of metallated alkynes on electrophilic sulfur compounds and the subsequent stereospecific tantalum-mediated reduction of the alkynylsulfide to the cis-alkenylsulfide. Kinetic assays performed with soybean lipoxygenase-1 showed that both 11-thialinoleic acid and 14-thialinoleic acid were competitive inhibitors with respect to linoleic acid with K(i) values of 22 and 35 microM, respectively. On the other hand, 11-thialinoleic acid was a noncompetitive inhibitor with respect to arachidonic acid with K(is) and K(ii) values of 48 and 36 microM, respectively. 11-Thialinoleic acid was also a noncompetitive inhibitor of human 15-lipoxygenase-1 with arachidonic acid (K(is) = 11.4 microM, K(ii) = 18.1 microM) or linoleic acid as substrate (K(is) = 20.1 microM, K(ii) = 20.0 microM), and a competitive inhibitor of human 12-lipoxygenase with arachidonic acid as substrate (K(i) = 2.5 microM). The presence of inhibitor did not change the regioselectivity of soybean lipoxygenase-1, human 12- or 15-lipoxygenase-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Jacquot
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801. Fax: (217) 244-8533; Tel: (217) 244-5360;
| | - Chris M. McGinley
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801. Fax: (217) 244-8533; Tel: (217) 244-5360;
| | - Erik Plata
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801. Fax: (217) 244-8533; Tel: (217) 244-5360;
| | - Theodore R. Holman
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064. Fax: (831) 459-2935; Tel: (831) 459-5884;
| | - Wilfred A. van der Donk
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801. Fax: (217) 244-8533; Tel: (217) 244-5360;
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32
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Jacquot C, Peng S, van der Donk WA. Kinetic isotope effects in the oxidation of arachidonic acid by soybean lipoxygenase-1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:5959-62. [PMID: 18793849 PMCID: PMC2652760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.08.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2008] [Revised: 08/23/2008] [Accepted: 08/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of soybean lipoxygenase-1 with linoleic acid has been extensively studied and displays very large kinetic isotope effects. In this work, substrate and solvent kinetic isotope effects as well as the viscosity dependence of the oxidation of arachidonic acid were investigated. The hydrogen atom abstraction step was rate-determining at all temperatures, but was partially masked by a viscosity-dependent step at ambient temperatures. The observed KIEs on k(cat) were large ( approximately 100 at 25 degrees C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Jacquot
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Wecksler AT, Kenyon V, Deschamps JD, Holman TR. Substrate specificity changes for human reticulocyte and epithelial 15-lipoxygenases reveal allosteric product regulation. Biochemistry 2008; 47:7364-75. [PMID: 18570379 DOI: 10.1021/bi800550n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Human reticulocyte 15-lipoxygenase (15-hLO-1) and epithelial 15-lipoxygenase (15-hLO-2) have been implicated in a number of human diseases, with differences in their substrate specificity potentially playing a central role. In this paper, we present a novel method for accurately measuring the substrate specificity of the two 15-hLO isozymes and demonstrate that both cholate and specific LO products affect substrate specificity. The linoleic acid (LA) product, 13-hydroperoxyoctadienoic acid (13-HPODE), changes the ( k cat/ K m) (AA)/( k cat/ K m) (LA) ratio more than 5-fold for 15-hLO-1 and 3-fold for 15-hLO-2, while the arachidonic acid (AA) product, 12-( S)-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HPETE), affects only the ratio of 15-hLO-1 (more than 5-fold). In addition, the reduced products, 13-( S)-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HODE) and 12-( S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE), also affect substrate specificity, indicating that iron oxidation is not responsible for the change in the ( k cat/ K m) (AA)/( k cat/ K m) (LA) ratio. These results, coupled with the dependence of the 15-hLO-1 k cat/ K m kinetic isotope effect ( (D) k cat/ K m) on the presence of 12-HPETE and 12-HETE, indicate that the allosteric site, previously identified in 15-hLO-1 [Mogul, R., Johansen, E., and Holman, T. R. (1999) Biochemistry 39, 4801-4807], is responsible for the change in substrate specificity. The ability of LO products to regulate substrate specificity may be relevant with respect to cancer progression and warrants further investigation into the role of this product-feedback loop in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Wecksler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
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