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Combs J, Bozdag M, Cravey LD, Kota A, McKenna R, Angeli A, Carta F, Supuran CT. New Insights into Conformationally Restricted Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020890. [PMID: 36677947 PMCID: PMC9861757 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports an investigation into the impact of pyridyl functional groups in conjunction with hydroxide-substituted benzenesulfonamides on the inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase (CA; EC 4.2.1.1) enzymes. These compounds were tested in vitro of CA II and CA IX, two physiologically important CA isoforms. The most potent inhibitory molecules against CA IX, 3g, 3h, and 3k, were studied to understand their binding modes via X-ray crystallography in adduct with CA II and CA IX-mimic. This research further adds to the field of CA inhibitors to better understand ligand selectivity between isoforms found in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Combs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Murat Bozdag
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Lochlin D. Cravey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Anusha Kota
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Andrea Angeli
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Florence, Italy
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Kucukoglu K, Faydali N, Bul D, Nadaroglu H, Sever B, Altıntop MD, Ozturk B, Guzel I. Synthesis, in silico and in vitro evaluation of new 3,5-disubstituted-1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and cytotoxic agents. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Subi B, Dhas DA, Joe IH, Balachandran S. Synthesis, Spectroscopic (FTIR, FT-Raman and UV-Vis), Structural Investigation, Hirshfeld, AIM, NBO, Chemical Reactivity, In-Vitro and In-Silico Analysis of N-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-4-Toluenesulfonamide. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2144916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bravanjalin Subi
- Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, India
- Department of Physics, Research Centre, Nesamony Memorial Christian College, Marthandam, India
| | - D. Arul Dhas
- Department of Physics, Research Centre, Nesamony Memorial Christian College, Marthandam, India
| | - I. Hubert Joe
- Department of Physics, Centre for Molecular and Biophysics Research, Mar Ivanios College, Thiruvanathapuram, India
| | - S. Balachandran
- Department of Chemistry, NSS College Ottapalam, Palakad, India
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4
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Chalcogen Bond as a Factor Stabilizing Ligand Conformation in the Binding Pocket of Carbonic Anhydrase IX Receptor Mimic. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213701. [PMID: 36430173 PMCID: PMC9691181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
It is postulated that the overexpression of Carbonic Anhydrase isozyme IX in some cancers contributes to the acidification of the extracellular matrix. It was proved that this promotes the growth and metastasis of the tumor. These observations have made Carbonic Anhydrase IX an attractive drug target. In the light of the findings and importance of the glycoprotein in the cancer treatment, we have employed quantum-chemical approaches to study non-covalent interactions in the binding pocket. As a ligand, the acetazolamide (AZM) molecule was chosen, being known as a potential inhibitor exhibiting anticancer properties. First-Principles Molecular Dynamics was performed to study the chalcogen and other non-covalent interactions in the AZM ligand and its complexes with amino acids forming the binding site. Based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) and post-Hartree-Fock methods, the metric and electronic structure parameters were described. The Non-Covalent Interaction (NCI) index and Atoms in Molecules (AIM) methods were applied for qualitative/quantitative analyses of the non-covalent interactions. Finally, the AZM-binding pocket interaction energy decomposition was carried out. Chalcogen bonding in the AZM molecule is an important factor stabilizing the preferred conformation. Free energy mapping via metadynamics and Path Integral molecular dynamics confirmed the significance of the chalcogen bond in structuring the conformational flexibility of the systems. The developed models are useful in the design of new inhibitors with desired pharmacological properties.
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Corbo T, Kalajdzic A, Delic D, Suleiman S, Pojskic N. In silico prediction suggests inhibitory effect of halogenated boroxine on human catalase and carbonic anhydrase. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:153. [DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
This research work included bioinformatics modeling of the dipotassium-trioxohydroxytetrafluorotriborate-halogenated boroxine molecule, as well as simulation and prediction of structural interactions between the halogenated boroxine molecule, human carbonic anhydrase, and human catalase structures. Using computational methods, we tried to confirm the inhibitory effect of halogenated boroxine on the active sites of these previously mentioned enzymes. The three-dimensional crystal structures of human catalase (PDB ID: 1DGB) and human carbonic anhydrase (PDB ID: 6FE2) were retrieved from RCSB Protein Data Bank and the protein preparation was performed using AutoDock Tools. ACD/ChemSketch and ChemDoodle were used for creating the three-dimensional structure of halogenated boroxine. Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock Vina, while the results were visualized using PyMOL.
Results
Results obtained in this research are showing evidence that there are interactions between the halogenated boroxine molecule and both previously mentioned proteins (human carbonic anhydrase and human catalase) in their active sites, which led us to the conclusion that the inhibitory function of halogenated boroxine has been confirmed.
Conclusion
These findings could be an important step in determining the exact mechanisms of inhibitory activity and will hopefully serve in further research purposes of complex pharmacogenomics studies.
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Bozdag M, Cravey L, Combs J, Kota A, McKenna R, Angeli A, Selleri S, Carta F, Supuran CT. Small Molecule Alkoxy Oriented Selectiveness on Human Carbonic Anhydrase II and IX Inhibition. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200148. [PMID: 35388618 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We report aryl sulfonamide inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrase (hCA; EC 4.2.1.1) enzymes containing short ureido alkoxy tails. The inhibition potency of such compounds was investigated in vitro on the major hCA isoforms (i.e. I, II, IX, and XII). A selection of the most potent inhibitory derivatives against the hCA IX isoform (i.e. 5a, 5c, and 6c) was studied, and their binding modes on either hCA II and IX-mimic isoform were assessed by X-ray crystallography on the corresponding ligand/protein adducts. This study adds to the field of developing hCA inhibitors at molecular level the critical interactions governing ligand selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Bozdag
- NEUROFARBA Department Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6 Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Lochlin Cravey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jacob Combs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Anusha Kota
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Andrea Angeli
- NEUROFARBA Department Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6 Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Selleri
- NEUROFARBA Department Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6 Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- NEUROFARBA Department Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6 Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6 Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
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Ali A, Ali A, Warsi MH, Rahman MA, Ahsan MJ, Azam F. Green Synthesis of Oxoquinoline-1(2H)-Carboxamide as Antiproliferative and Antioxidant Agents: An Experimental and In-Silico Approach to High Altitude Related Disorders. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27010309. [PMID: 35011539 PMCID: PMC8746819 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
At high altitudes, drops in oxygen concentration result in the creation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), which cause a variety of health concerns. We addressed these health concerns and reported the synthesis, characterization, and biological activities of a series of 10 oxoquinolines. N-Aryl-7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxoquinoline-1(2H)carboxamides (5a–j) were accessed in two steps under ultrasonicated irradiation, as per the reported method. The anticancer activity was tested at 10 µM against a total of 5 dozen cancer cell lines obtained from nine distinct panels, as per the National Cancer Institute (NCI US) protocol. The compounds 5a (TK-10 (renal cancer); %GI = 82.90) and 5j (CCRF-CEM (Leukemia); %GI = 58.61) showed the most promising anticancer activity. Compound 5a also demonstrated promising DPPH free radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 14.16 ± 0.42 µM. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and carbonic anhydrase (CA), two prospective cancer inhibitor targets, were used in the molecular docking studies. Molecular docking studies of ligand 5a (docking score = −8.839) against the active site of EGFR revealed two H-bond interactions with the residues Asp855 and Thr854, whereas ligand 5a (docking = −5.337) interacted with three H-bond with the residues Gln92, Gln67, and Thr200 against the active site CA. The reported compounds exhibited significant anticancer and antioxidant activities, as well as displayed significant inhibition against cancer targets, EGFR and CA, in the molecular docking studies. The current discovery may aid in the development of novel compounds for the treatment of cancer and oxidative stress, and other high altitude-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amena Ali
- High Altitude Research Center, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Abuzer Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Musarrat Husain Warsi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.W.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Mohammad Akhlaquer Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.W.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Mohamed Jawed Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Maharishi Arvind College of Pharmacy, Jaipur 302 039, Rajasthan, India;
| | - Faizul Azam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Uniazah 51911, Saudi Arabia;
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Zakšauskas A, Čapkauskaitė E, Paketurytė-Latvė V, Smirnov A, Leitans J, Kazaks A, Dvinskis E, Stančaitis L, Mickevičiūtė A, Jachno J, Jezepčikas L, Linkuvienė V, Sakalauskas A, Manakova E, Gražulis S, Matulienė J, Tars K, Matulis D. Methyl 2-Halo-4-Substituted-5-Sulfamoyl-Benzoates as High Affinity and Selective Inhibitors of Carbonic Anhydrase IX. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:130. [PMID: 35008553 PMCID: PMC8745178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the twelve catalytically active carbonic anhydrase isozymes present in the human body, the CAIX is highly overexpressed in various solid tumors. The enzyme acidifies the tumor microenvironment enabling invasion and metastatic processes. Therefore, many attempts have been made to design chemical compounds that would exhibit high affinity and selective binding to CAIX over the remaining eleven catalytically active CA isozymes to limit undesired side effects. It has been postulated that such drugs may have anticancer properties and could be used in tumor treatment. Here we have designed a series of compounds, methyl 5-sulfamoyl-benzoates, which bear a primary sulfonamide group, a well-known marker of CA inhibitors, and determined their affinities for all twelve CA isozymes. Variations of substituents on the benzenesulfonamide ring led to compound 4b, which exhibited an extremely high observed binding affinity to CAIX; the Kd was 0.12 nM. The intrinsic dissociation constant, where the binding-linked protonation reactions have been subtracted, reached 0.08 pM. The compound also exhibited more than 100-fold selectivity over the remaining CA isozymes. The X-ray crystallographic structure of compound 3b bound to CAIX showed the structural position, while several structures of compounds bound to other CA isozymes showed structural reasons for compound selectivity towards CAIX. Since this series of compounds possess physicochemical properties suitable for drugs, they may be developed for anticancer therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrius Zakšauskas
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.Z.); (E.Č.); (V.P.-L.); (A.S.); (L.S.); (A.M.); (J.J.); (L.J.); (V.L.); (A.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Edita Čapkauskaitė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.Z.); (E.Č.); (V.P.-L.); (A.S.); (L.S.); (A.M.); (J.J.); (L.J.); (V.L.); (A.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Vaida Paketurytė-Latvė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.Z.); (E.Č.); (V.P.-L.); (A.S.); (L.S.); (A.M.); (J.J.); (L.J.); (V.L.); (A.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Alexey Smirnov
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.Z.); (E.Č.); (V.P.-L.); (A.S.); (L.S.); (A.M.); (J.J.); (L.J.); (V.L.); (A.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Janis Leitans
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1 k-1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (J.L.); (A.K.); (E.D.); (K.T.)
| | - Andris Kazaks
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1 k-1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (J.L.); (A.K.); (E.D.); (K.T.)
| | - Elviss Dvinskis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1 k-1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (J.L.); (A.K.); (E.D.); (K.T.)
| | - Laimonas Stančaitis
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.Z.); (E.Č.); (V.P.-L.); (A.S.); (L.S.); (A.M.); (J.J.); (L.J.); (V.L.); (A.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Aurelija Mickevičiūtė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.Z.); (E.Č.); (V.P.-L.); (A.S.); (L.S.); (A.M.); (J.J.); (L.J.); (V.L.); (A.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Jelena Jachno
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.Z.); (E.Č.); (V.P.-L.); (A.S.); (L.S.); (A.M.); (J.J.); (L.J.); (V.L.); (A.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Linas Jezepčikas
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.Z.); (E.Č.); (V.P.-L.); (A.S.); (L.S.); (A.M.); (J.J.); (L.J.); (V.L.); (A.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Vaida Linkuvienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.Z.); (E.Č.); (V.P.-L.); (A.S.); (L.S.); (A.M.); (J.J.); (L.J.); (V.L.); (A.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Andrius Sakalauskas
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.Z.); (E.Č.); (V.P.-L.); (A.S.); (L.S.); (A.M.); (J.J.); (L.J.); (V.L.); (A.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Elena Manakova
- Department of Protein—DNA Interactions, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (E.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Saulius Gražulis
- Department of Protein—DNA Interactions, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (E.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Jurgita Matulienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.Z.); (E.Č.); (V.P.-L.); (A.S.); (L.S.); (A.M.); (J.J.); (L.J.); (V.L.); (A.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Kaspars Tars
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1 k-1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (J.L.); (A.K.); (E.D.); (K.T.)
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.Z.); (E.Č.); (V.P.-L.); (A.S.); (L.S.); (A.M.); (J.J.); (L.J.); (V.L.); (A.S.); (J.M.)
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Kazokaitė-Adomaitienė J, Becker HM, Smirnovienė J, Dubois LJ, Matulis D. Experimental Approaches to Identify Selective Picomolar Inhibitors for Carbonic Anhydrase IX. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3361-3384. [PMID: 33138744 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666201102112841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) regulate pH homeostasis via the reversible hydration of CO2, thereby emerging as essential enzymes for many vital functions. Among 12 catalytically active CA isoforms in humans, CA IX has become a relevant therapeutic target because of its role in cancer progression. Only two CA IX inhibitors have entered clinical trials, mostly due to low affinity and selectivity properties. OBJECTIVE The current review presents the design, development, and identification of the selective nano- to picomolar CA IX inhibitors VD11-4-2, VR16-09, and VD12-09. METHODS AND RESULTS Compounds were selected from our database, composed of over 400 benzensulfonamides, synthesized at our laboratory, and tested for their binding to 12 human CAs. Here we discuss the CA CO2 hydratase activity/inhibition assay and several biophysical techniques, such as fluorescent thermal shift assay and isothermal titration calorimetry, highlighting their contribution to the analysis of compound affinity and structure- activity relationships. To obtain sufficient amounts of recombinant CAs for inhibitor screening, several gene cloning and protein purification strategies are presented, including site-directed CA mutants, heterologous CAs from Xenopus oocytes, and native endogenous CAs. The cancer cell-based methods, such as clonogenicity, extracellular acidification, and mass spectrometric gas-analysis are reviewed, confirming nanomolar activities of lead inhibitors in intact cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Novel CA IX inhibitors are promising derivatives for in vivo explorations. Furthermore, the simultaneous targeting of several proteins involved in proton flux upon tumor acidosis and the disruption of transport metabolons might improve cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justina Kazokaitė-Adomaitienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Holger M Becker
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Joana Smirnovienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ludwig J Dubois
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Netherlands
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Ma F, Li J, Zhang S, Gu Y, Tan T, Chen W, Wang S, Ma P, Xu H, Yang G, Lerner RA. DNA-Encoded Libraries: Hydrazide as a Pluripotent Precursor for On-DNA Synthesis of Various Azole Derivatives. Chemistry 2021; 27:8214-8220. [PMID: 33811386 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
DNA-encoded combinatorial chemical library (DEL) technology, an approach that combines the power of genetics and chemistry, has emerged as an invaluable tool in drug discovery. Skeletal diversity plays a fundamental importance in DEL applications, and relies heavily on novel DNA-compatible chemical reactions. We report herein a phylogenic chemical transformation strategy using DNA-conjugated benzoyl hydrazine as a common versatile precursor in azole chemical expansion of DELs. DNA-compatible reactions deriving from the common benzoyl hydrazine precursor showed excellent functional group tolerance with exceptional efficiency in the synthesis of various azoles, including oxadiazoles, thiadiazoles, and triazoles, under mild reaction conditions. The phylogenic chemical transformation strategy provides DELs a facile way to expand into various unique chemical spaces with privileged scaffolds and pharmacophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ma
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shuning Zhang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yuang Gu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Tan
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wanting Chen
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shuyue Wang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Peixiang Ma
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hongtao Xu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Guang Yang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Richard A Lerner
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Axford J, Sung MJ, Manchester J, Chin D, Jain M, Shin Y, Dix I, Hamann LG, Cheung AK, Sivasankaran R, Briner K, Dales NA, Hurley B. Use of Intramolecular 1,5-Sulfur-Oxygen and 1,5-Sulfur-Halogen Interactions in the Design of N-Methyl-5-aryl- N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine SMN2 Splicing Modulators. J Med Chem 2021; 64:4744-4761. [PMID: 33822618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a debilitating neuromuscular disease caused by low levels of functional survival motor neuron protein (SMN) resulting from a deletion or loss of function mutation of the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. Branaplam (1) elevates levels of full-length SMN protein in vivo by modulating the splicing of the related gene SMN2 to enhance the exon-7 inclusion and increase levels of the SMN. The intramolecular hydrogen bond present in the 2-hydroxyphenyl pyridazine core of 1 enforces a planar conformation of the biaryl system and is critical for the compound activity. Scaffold morphing revealed that the pyridazine could be replaced by a 1,3,4-thiadiazole, which provided additional opportunities for a conformational constraint of the biaryl through intramolecular 1,5-sulfur-oxygen (S···O) or 1,5-sulfur-halogen (S···X) noncovalent interactions. Compound 26, which incorporates a 2-fluorophenyl thiadiazole motif, demonstrated a greater than 50% increase in production of full-length SMN protein in a mouse model of SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Axford
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Moo Je Sung
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John Manchester
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Donovan Chin
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Monish Jain
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Youngah Shin
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ina Dix
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Lawrence G Hamann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Atwood K Cheung
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rajeev Sivasankaran
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Karin Briner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Natalie A Dales
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Brian Hurley
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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12
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Mboge MY, Coombs J, Singh S, Andring J, Wolff A, Tu C, Zhang Z, McKenna R, Frost SC. Inhibition of Carbonic Anhydrase Using SLC-149: Support for a Noncatalytic Function of CAIX in Breast Cancer. J Med Chem 2021; 64:1713-1724. [PMID: 33523653 PMCID: PMC9945910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is considered a target for therapeutic intervention in solid tumors. In this study, the efficacy of the inhibitor, 4-(3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide (SLC-149), is evaluated on CAIX and a CAIX-mimic. We show that SLC-149 is a better inhibitor than acetazolamide against CAIX. Binding of SLC-149 thermally stabilizes CAIX-mimic at lower concentrations compared to that of CAII. Structural examinations of SLC-149 bound to CAIX-mimic and CAII explain binding preferences. In cell culture, SLC-149 is a more effective inhibitor of CAIX activity in a triple-negative breast cancer cell line than previously studied sulfonamide inhibitors. SLC-149 is also a better inhibitor of activity in cells expressing CAIX versus CAXII. However, SLC-149 has little effect on cytotoxicity, and high concentrations are required to inhibit cell growth, migration, and invasion. These data support the hypothesis that CAIX activity, shown to be important in regulating extracellular pH, does not underlie its ability to control cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mam Y. Mboge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jacob Coombs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Srishti Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jacob Andring
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Alyssa Wolff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Chingkuang Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Zaihui Zhang
- SignalChem Lifesciences Corp 13120 Vanier Place, Richmond, British Columbia V6V 2J2
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Susan C. Frost
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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13
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Andring JT, Fouch M, Akocak S, Angeli A, Supuran CT, Ilies MA, McKenna R. Structural Basis of Nanomolar Inhibition of Tumor-Associated Carbonic Anhydrase IX: X-Ray Crystallographic and Inhibition Study of Lipophilic Inhibitors with Acetazolamide Backbone. J Med Chem 2020; 63:13064-13075. [PMID: 33085484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study provides a structure-activity relationship study of a series of lipophilic carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors with an acetazolamide backbone. The inhibitors were tested against the tumor-expressed CA isozyme IX (CA IX), and the cytosolic CA I, CA II, and membrane-bound CA IV. The study identified several low nanomolar potent inhibitors against CA IX, with lipophilicities spanning two log units. Very potent pan-inhibitors with nanomolar potency against CA IX and sub-nanomolar potency against CA II and CA IV, and with potency against CA I one order of magnitude better than the parent acetazolamide 1 were also identified in this study, together with compounds that displayed selectivity against membrane-bound CA IV. A comprehensive X-ray crystallographic study (12 crystal structures), involving both CA II and a soluble CA IX mimetic (CA IX-mimic), revealed the structural basis of this particular inhibition profile and laid the foundation for further developments toward more potent and selective inhibitors for the tumor-expressed CA IX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Andring
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Mallorie Fouch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3307 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Suleyman Akocak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3307 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Andrea Angeli
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmaceutical Sciences Section, Universita degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Via Ugo Schiff no. 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmaceutical Sciences Section, Universita degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Via Ugo Schiff no. 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Marc A Ilies
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3307 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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14
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Preparation of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles and 1,3,4-thiadiazoles via chemoselective сyclocondensation of electrophilically activated nitroalkanes to (thio)semicarbazides or thiohydrazides. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-020-02775-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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Park D, Lee MS. Kinetic Study of CO 2 Hydration by Small-Molecule Catalysts with A Second Coordination Sphere that Mimic the Effect of the Thr-199 Residue of Carbonic Anhydrase. Biomimetics (Basel) 2019; 4:E66. [PMID: 31581538 PMCID: PMC6963681 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics4040066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc complexes were synthesized as catalysts that mimic the ability of carbonic anhydrase (CA) for the CO2 hydration reaction (H2O + CO2 → H+ + HCO3-). For these complexes, a tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TPA) ligand mimicking only the active site, and a 6-((bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)methyl)pyridin-2-ol (TPA-OH) ligand mimicking the hydrogen-bonding network of the secondary coordination sphere of CA were used. Potentiometric pH titration was used to determine the deprotonation ability of the Zn complexes, and their pKa values were found to be 8.0 and 6.8, respectively. Stopped-flow spectrophotometry was used to confirm the CO2 hydration rate. The rate constants were measured to be 648.4 and 730.6 M-1s-1, respectively. The low pKa value was attributed to the hydrogen-bonding network of the secondary coordination sphere of the catalyst that mimics the behavior of CA, and this was found to increase the CO2 hydration rate of the catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- DongKook Park
- Green Materials & Processes Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 55, Jongga-ro, Jung-gu, Ulsan 44413, Korea.
| | - Man Sig Lee
- Green Materials & Processes Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 55, Jongga-ro, Jung-gu, Ulsan 44413, Korea.
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16
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Engineered Carbonic Anhydrase VI-Mimic Enzyme Switched the Structure and Affinities of Inhibitors. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12710. [PMID: 31481705 PMCID: PMC6722136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49094-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretory human carbonic anhydrase VI (CA VI) has emerged as a potential drug target due to its role in pathological states, such as excess acidity-caused dental caries and injuries of gastric epithelium. Currently, there are no available CA VI-selective inhibitors or crystallographic structures of inhibitors bound to CA VI. The present study focuses on the site-directed CA II mutant mimicking the active site of CA VI for inhibitor screening. The interactions between CA VI-mimic and a series of benzenesulfonamides were evaluated by fluorescent thermal shift assay, stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay, isothermal titration calorimetry, and X-ray crystallography. Kinetic parameters showed that A65T, N67Q, F130Y, V134Q, L203T mutations did not influence catalytic properties of CA II, but inhibitor affinities resembled CA VI, exhibiting up to 0.16 nM intrinsic affinity for CA VI-mimic. Structurally, binding site of CA VI-mimic was found to be similar to CA VI. The ligand interactions with mutated side chains observed in three crystallographic structures allowed to rationalize observed variation of binding modes and experimental binding affinities to CA VI. This integrative set of kinetic, thermodynamic, and structural data revealed CA VI-mimic as a useful model to design CA VI-specific inhibitors which could be beneficial for novel therapeutic applications.
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17
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Thermodynamic, kinetic, and structural parameterization of human carbonic anhydrase interactions toward enhanced inhibitor design. Q Rev Biophys 2019; 51:e10. [PMID: 30912486 DOI: 10.1017/s0033583518000082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of rational drug design is to develop small molecules using a quantitative approach to optimize affinity. This should enhance the development of chemical compounds that would specifically, selectively, reversibly, and with high affinity interact with a target protein. It is not yet possible to develop such compounds using computational (i.e., in silico) approach and instead the lead molecules are discovered in high-throughput screening searches of large compound libraries. The main reason why in silico methods are not capable to deliver is our poor understanding of the compound structure-thermodynamics and structure-kinetics correlations. There is a need for databases of intrinsic binding parameters (e.g., the change upon binding in standard Gibbs energy (ΔGint), enthalpy (ΔHint), entropy (ΔSint), volume (ΔVintr), heat capacity (ΔCp,int), association rate (ka,int), and dissociation rate (kd,int)) between a series of closely related proteins and a chemically diverse, but pharmacophoric group-guided library of compounds together with the co-crystal structures that could help explain the structure-energetics correlations and rationally design novel compounds. Assembly of these data will facilitate attempts to provide correlations and train data for modeling of compound binding. Here, we report large datasets of the intrinsic thermodynamic and kinetic data including over 400 primary sulfonamide compound binding to a family of 12 catalytically active human carbonic anhydrases (CA). Thermodynamic parameters have been determined by the fluorescent thermal shift assay, isothermal titration calorimetry, and by the stopped-flow assay of the inhibition of enzymatic activity. Kinetic measurements were performed using surface plasmon resonance. Intrinsic thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of binding were determined by dissecting the binding-linked protonation reactions of the protein and sulfonamide. The compound structure-thermodynamics and kinetics correlations reported here helped to discover compounds that exhibited picomolar affinities, hour-long residence times, and million-fold selectivities over non-target CA isoforms. Drug-lead compounds are suggested for anticancer target CA IX and CA XII, antiglaucoma CA IV, antiobesity CA VA and CA VB, and other isoforms. Together with 85 X-ray crystallographic structures of 60 compounds bound to six CA isoforms, the database should be of help to continue developing the principles of rational target-based drug design.
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18
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Mannam MR, S. S, Kumar P, K RSP. Synthesis of Novel 1‐(5‐(Benzylsulfinyl)‐3‐methyl‐1,3,4‐thiadiazol‐2(3
H
)‐ylidene)‐thiourea/urea Derivatives and Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial Activities. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhava Rao Mannam
- Department of ChemistryKoneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Vaddeswaram Andhra Pradesh 522 502 India
- Chemical Research DivisionAPI R&D Centre, Micro Labs Ltd. Bommasandra–Jigani Link Road Bangalore Karnataka 560 105 India
| | - Srimurugan S.
- Chemical Research DivisionAPI R&D Centre, Micro Labs Ltd. Bommasandra–Jigani Link Road Bangalore Karnataka 560 105 India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Chemical Research DivisionAPI R&D Centre, Micro Labs Ltd. Bommasandra–Jigani Link Road Bangalore Karnataka 560 105 India
| | - R. S. Prasad K
- Department of ChemistryKoneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Vaddeswaram Andhra Pradesh 522 502 India
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19
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Andring JT, Dohle W, Tu C, Potter BVL, McKenna R. 3,17β-Bis-sulfamoyloxy-2-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-triene and Nonsteroidal Sulfamate Derivatives Inhibit Carbonic Anhydrase IX: Structure-Activity Optimization for Isoform Selectivity. J Med Chem 2019; 62:2202-2212. [PMID: 30721041 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
3,17β-Bis-sulfamoyloxy-2-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-triene (STX140), a bis-sulfamate derivative of the endogenous steroid 2-methoxyestradiol, has shown promising anticancer potency both in vitro and in vivo, with excellent bioavailability. Its activity against taxane-resistant xenografts makes it a potential drug candidate against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). These properties are linked to the ability of STX140 to act in a multitargeting fashion in vivo as a microtubule disruptor, leading to cell cycle arrest and with both proapoptotic and anti-angiogenic activities. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is a well-established biomarker for aggressive cancers, including TNBC. This study reports, for the first time, the inhibitory activities of a series of steroidal and nonsteroidal sulfamate derivatives against CA IX in comparison to the ubiquitous CA II, with some compounds demonstrating 100-200-fold selectivity for CA IX over CA II. X-ray crystallographic studies of four of the most promising compounds reveal that isoform-specific residue interactions are responsible for the high specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Andring
- College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32610 , United States
| | - Wolfgang Dohle
- Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology , University of Oxford , Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3QT , U.K
| | - Chingkuang Tu
- College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32610 , United States
| | - Barry V L Potter
- Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology , University of Oxford , Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3QT , U.K
| | - Robert McKenna
- College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32610 , United States
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20
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Koruza K, Mahon BP, Blakeley MP, Ostermann A, Schrader TE, McKenna R, Knecht W, Fisher SZ. Using neutron crystallography to elucidate the basis of selective inhibition of carbonic anhydrase by saccharin and a derivative. J Struct Biol 2019; 205:147-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Riyadh SM, El-Motairi SA, Ahmed HEA, Khalil KD, Habib ESE. Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Docking of Novel Thiazoles and [1,3,4]Thiadiazoles Incorporating Sulfonamide Group as DHFR Inhibitors. Chem Biodivers 2018; 15:e1800231. [PMID: 29956887 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201800231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
2-(1-{4-[(4-Methylphenyl)sulfonamido]phenyl}ethylidene)thiosemicarbazide (3) was exploited as a starting material for the synthesis of two novel series of 5-arylazo-2-hydrazonothiazoles 6a - 6j and 2-hydrazono[1,3,4]thiadiazoles 10a - 10d, incorporating sulfonamide group, through its reactions with appropriate hydrazonoyl halides. The structures of the newly synthesized products were confirmed by spectral and elemental analyses. Also, the antimicrobial, anticancer, and DHFR inhibition potency for two series of thiazoles and [1,3,4]thiadiazoles were evaluated and explained by molecular docking studies and SAR analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed M Riyadh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawaraha, 30002, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Shojaa A El-Motairi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawaraha, 30002, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany E A Ahmed
- Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmacy College, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawaraha, 41477, Saudi Arabia.,Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Khaled D Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawaraha, 30002, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed E Habib
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawaraha, 41477, Saudi Arabia.,Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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22
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Koruza K, Lafumat B, Végvári Á, Knecht W, Fisher S. Deuteration of human carbonic anhydrase for neutron crystallography: Cell culture media, protein thermostability, and crystallization behavior. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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23
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Singh S, Lomelino CL, Mboge MY, Frost SC, McKenna R. Cancer Drug Development of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors beyond the Active Site. Molecules 2018; 23:E1045. [PMID: 29710858 PMCID: PMC6099549 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to produce bicarbonate and a proton. Multiple CA isoforms are implicated in a range of diseases, including cancer. In solid tumors, continuously dividing cells create hypoxic conditions that eventually lead to an acidic microenvironment. Hypoxic tumor cells have different mechanisms in place to regulate and adjust the surrounding microenvironment for survival. These mechanisms include expression of CA isoform IX (CA IX) and XII (CA XII). These enzymes help maintain a physiological intracellular pH while simultaneously contributing to an acidic extracellular pH, leading to tumor cell survival. Expression of CA IX and CA XII has also been shown to promote tumor cell invasion and metastasis. This review discusses the characteristics of CA IX and CA XII, their mechanism of action, and validates their prospective use as anticancer targets. We discuss the current status of small inhibitors that target these isoforms, both classical and non-classical, and their future design in order to obtain isoform-specificity for CA IX and CA XII. Biologics, such as monoclonal antibodies, monoclonal-radionuclide conjugated chimeric antibodies, and antibody-small molecule conjugates are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Carrie L Lomelino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Mam Y Mboge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Susan C Frost
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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24
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Murray AB, Lomelino CL, Supuran CT, McKenna R. "Seriously Sweet": Acesulfame K Exhibits Selective Inhibition Using Alternative Binding Modes in Carbonic Anhydrase Isoforms. J Med Chem 2018; 61:1176-1181. [PMID: 29266943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Human carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is upregulated in neoplastic tissues; as such, it is studied as a drug target for anticancer chemotherapy. Inhibition of CA IX has been shown to be therapeutically favorable in terms of reducing tumor growth. Previously, saccharin, a commonly used artificial sweetener, has been observed to selectively inhibit CA IX over other CA isoforms. In this study, X-ray crystallography showed acesulfame potassium (Ace K) binding directly to the catalytic zinc in CA IX (mimic) and through a bridging water in CA II. This modulation in binding is reflected in the binding constants, with Ace K inhibiting CA IX but not other CA isoforms. Hence, this study establishes the potential of Ace K (an FDA approved food additive) as a lead compound in the design and development of CA IX specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akilah B Murray
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Carrie L Lomelino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, NEUROFARBA, University of Florence , Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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25
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Zengin Kurt B, Sonmez F, Durdagi S, Aksoydan B, Ekhteiari Salmas R, Angeli A, Kucukislamoglu M, Supuran CT. Synthesis, biological activity and multiscale molecular modeling studies for coumaryl-carboxamide derivatives as selective carbonic anhydrase IX inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:1042-1052. [PMID: 28776440 PMCID: PMC6009903 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1354857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
New coumaryl-carboxamide derivatives with the thiourea moiety as a linker between the alkyl chains and/or the heterocycle nucleus were synthesized and their inhibitory activity against the human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) isoforms hCA I, II, VII and IX were evaluated. While the hCA I, II and VII isoforms were not inhibited by the investigated compounds, the tumour-associated isoform hCA IX was inhibited in the high nanomolar range. 2-Oxo-N-((2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl)carbamothioyl)-2H-chromene-3-carboxamide (e11) exhibited a selective inhibitory action against hCA IX with the Ki of 107.9 nM. In order to better understand the inhibitory profiles of studied molecules, multiscale molecular modeling approaches were used. Different molecular docking algorithms were used to investigate binding poses and predicted binding energies of studied compounds at the active sites of the CA I, II, VII and IX isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belma Zengin Kurt
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Bezmialem Vakıf University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Fatih Sonmez
- b Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry , Sakarya University , Sakarya , Turkey
| | - Serdar Durdagi
- c Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics , School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Busecan Aksoydan
- c Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics , School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Ramin Ekhteiari Salmas
- c Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics , School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Andrea Angeli
- d Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di ScienzeFarmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Florence , Italy
| | - Mustafa Kucukislamoglu
- b Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry , Sakarya University , Sakarya , Turkey
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- d Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di ScienzeFarmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Florence , Italy
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26
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Improved molecular recognition of Carbonic Anhydrase IX by polypeptide conjugation to acetazolamide. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5838-5848. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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27
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Inhester T, Nittinger E, Sommer K, Schmidt P, Bietz S, Rarey M. NAOMInova: Interactive Geometric Analysis of Noncovalent Interactions in Macromolecular Structures. J Chem Inf Model 2017; 57:2132-2142. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.7b00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Therese Inhester
- ZBH - Center for Bioinformatics, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 43, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Nittinger
- ZBH - Center for Bioinformatics, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 43, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai Sommer
- ZBH - Center for Bioinformatics, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 43, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Schmidt
- ZBH - Center for Bioinformatics, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 43, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Bietz
- ZBH - Center for Bioinformatics, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 43, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rarey
- ZBH - Center for Bioinformatics, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 43, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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28
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Mboge MY, Mahon BP, Lamas N, Socorro L, Carta F, Supuran CT, Frost SC, McKenna R. Structure activity study of carbonic anhydrase IX: Selective inhibition with ureido-substituted benzenesulfonamides. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 132:184-191. [PMID: 28363153 PMCID: PMC5946058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ureido-substituted benzenesulfonamides (USBs) show great promise as selective and potent inhibitors for human carbonic anhydrase hCA IX and XII, with one such compound (SLC-0111/U-F) currently in clinical trials (clinical trials.gov, NCT02215850). In this study, the crystal structures of both hCA II (off-target) and an hCA IX-mimic (target) in complex with selected USBs (U-CH3, U-F, and U-NO2), at resolutions of 1.9 Å or better, are presented, and demonstrate differences in the binding modes within the two isoforms. The presence of residue Phe 131 in hCA II causes steric hindrance (U-CH3, 1765 nM; U-F, 960 nM; U-NO2, 15 nM) whereas in hCA IX (U-CH3, 7 nM; U-F, 45 nM; U-NO2, 1 nM) and hCA XII (U-CH3, 6 nM; U-F, 4 nM; U-NO2, 6 nM), 131 is a Val and Ala, respectively, allows for more favorable binding. Our results provide insight into the mechanism of USB selective inhibition and useful information for structural design and drug development, including synthesis of hybrid USB compounds with improved physiochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mam Y Mboge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Box 100245, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Brian P Mahon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Box 100245, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Nicole Lamas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Box 100245, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Lillien Socorro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Box 100245, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- University of Florence, NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- University of Florence, NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Susan C Frost
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Box 100245, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Box 100245, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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29
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Bruno E, Buemi MR, Di Fiore A, De Luca L, Ferro S, Angeli A, Cirilli R, Sadutto D, Alterio V, Monti SM, Supuran CT, De Simone G, Gitto R. Probing Molecular Interactions between Human Carbonic Anhydrases (hCAs) and a Novel Class of Benzenesulfonamides. J Med Chem 2017; 60:4316-4326. [PMID: 28453941 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of X-ray crystallographic studies of the complex of hCA II with 4-(3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyl)benzenesulfonamide (3) (PDB code 4Z1J ), a novel series of 4-(1-aryl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolin-2-carbonyl)benzenesulfonamides (23-33) was designed. Specifically, our idea was to improve the selectivity toward druggable isoforms through the introduction of additional hydrophobic/hydrophilic functionalities. Among the synthesized and tested compounds, the (R,S)-4-(6,7-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-1H-2-carbonyl)benzenesulfonamide (30) exhibited a remarkable inhibition for the brain-expressed hCA VII (Ki = 0.20 nM) and selectivity over wider distributed hCA I and hCA II isoforms. By enantioselective HPLC, we solved the racemic mixture and ascertained that the two enantiomers (30a and 30b) are equiactive inhibitors for hCA VII. Crystallographic and docking studies revealed the main interactions of these inhibitors into the carbonic anhydrase (CA) catalytic site, thus highlighting the relevant role of nonpolar contacts for this class of hCA inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Bruno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (CHIBIOFARAM), Università degli Studi di Messina , Viale Annunziata, I-98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Buemi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (CHIBIOFARAM), Università degli Studi di Messina , Viale Annunziata, I-98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Anna Di Fiore
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini- CNR , Via Mezzocannone 16, I-80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Laura De Luca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (CHIBIOFARAM), Università degli Studi di Messina , Viale Annunziata, I-98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Stefania Ferro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (CHIBIOFARAM), Università degli Studi di Messina , Viale Annunziata, I-98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA, Università di Firenze , Via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Roberto Cirilli
- Centro Nazionale Per il Controllo e la Valutazione Dei Farmaci, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , V.le Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Daniele Sadutto
- Centro Nazionale Per il Controllo e la Valutazione Dei Farmaci, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , V.le Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Alterio
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini- CNR , Via Mezzocannone 16, I-80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Simona Maria Monti
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini- CNR , Via Mezzocannone 16, I-80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA, Università di Firenze , Via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Giuseppina De Simone
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini- CNR , Via Mezzocannone 16, I-80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosaria Gitto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (CHIBIOFARAM), Università degli Studi di Messina , Viale Annunziata, I-98168 Messina, Italy
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30
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Bhatt A, Mahon BP, Cruzeiro VWD, Cornelio B, Laronze-Cochard M, Ceruso M, Sapi J, Rance GA, Khlobystov AN, Fontana A, Roitberg A, Supuran CT, McKenna R. Structure-Activity Relationships of Benzenesulfonamide-Based Inhibitors towards Carbonic Anhydrase Isoform Specificity. Chembiochem 2017; 18:213-222. [PMID: 27860128 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are implicated in a wide range of diseases, including the upregulation of isoforms CA IX and XII in many aggressive cancers. However, effective inhibition of disease-implicated CAs should minimally affect the ubiquitously expressed isoforms, including CA I and II, to improve directed distribution of the inhibitors to the cancer-associated isoforms and reduce side effects. Four benzenesulfonamide-based inhibitors were synthesized by using the tail approach and displayed nanomolar affinities for several CA isoforms. The crystal structures of the inhibitors bound to a CA IX mimic and CA II are presented. Further in silico modeling was performed with the inhibitors docked into CA I and XII to identify residues that contributed to or hindered their binding interactions. These structural studies demonstrated that active-site residues lining the hydrophobic pocket, especially positions 92 and 131, dictate the positional binding and affinity of inhibitors, whereas the tail groups modulate CA isoform specificity. Geometry optimizations were performed on each ligand in the crystal structures and showed that the energetic penalties of the inhibitor conformations were negligible compared to the gains from active-site interactions. These studies further our understanding of obtaining isoform specificity when designing small molecule CA inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avni Bhatt
- Department of, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, P. O. Box 100245, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Brian P Mahon
- Department of, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, P. O. Box 100245, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Vinicius Wilian D Cruzeiro
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, P. O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL postCode/>32610, USA
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília DF, 70040-020, Brazil
| | - Benedetta Cornelio
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Pharmacie, 51 Rue Cognacq-Jay, 51096, Reims Cedex, France
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marie Laronze-Cochard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Pharmacie, 51 Rue Cognacq-Jay, 51096, Reims Cedex, France
| | - Mariangela Ceruso
- Laboratorio de Chimica Bioinorganica, Room 188, Universita degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Janos Sapi
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Pharmacie, 51 Rue Cognacq-Jay, 51096, Reims Cedex, France
| | - Graham A Rance
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Andrei N Khlobystov
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Antonella Fontana
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Adrian Roitberg
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, P. O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL postCode/>32610, USA
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Laboratorio de Chimica Bioinorganica, Room 188, Universita degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, P. O. Box 100245, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
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31
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Verwey M, Nolte EM, Joubert AM, Theron AE. Autophagy induced by a sulphamoylated estrone analogue contributes to its cytotoxic effect on breast cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2016; 16:91. [PMID: 27980456 PMCID: PMC5146855 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0367-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autophagy can either be protective and confer survival to stressed cells, or it can contribute to cell death. The antimitotic drug 2-ethyl-3-O-sulpamoyl-estra-1,3,5(10),15-tetraen-17-ol (ESE-15-ol) is an in silico-designed 17-β-estradiol analogue that induces both autophagy and apoptosis in cancer cells. The aim of the study was to determine the role of autophagy in ESE-15-ol-exposed human adenocarcinoma breast cancer cells; knowledge that will contribute to future clinical applications of this novel antimitotic compound. By inhibiting autophagy and determining the cytotoxic effects of ESE-15-ol-exposure, deductions could be made as to whether the process may confer resistance to the drug, or alternatively, contribute to the cell death process. Methods and results Spectophometrical analysis via crystal violet staining was used to perform cytotoxicity studies. Morphology studies were done using microscopic techniques namely polarization-optical transmitted light differential interference light microscopy, fluorescent microscopy using monodansylcadaverine staining and transmission electron microscopy. Flow cytometry was used to quantify the autophagy inhibition and assess cell viability. Results obtained indicated that 3-methyladenine inhibited autophagy and increased cell survival in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Conclusion This in vitro study inferred that autophagy inhibition with 3-methyladenine does not confer increased effectiveness of ESE-15-ol in inducing cell death. Thus it may be concluded that the autophagic process induced by ESE-15-ol exposure in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells plays a more significant role in cell death than conferring survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Verwey
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0007 Gauteng South Africa
| | - Elsie M Nolte
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0007 Gauteng South Africa
| | - Anna M Joubert
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0007 Gauteng South Africa
| | - Anne E Theron
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0007 Gauteng South Africa
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32
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Modak JK, Liu YC, Supuran CT, Roujeinikova A. Structure-Activity Relationship for Sulfonamide Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori α-Carbonic Anhydrase. J Med Chem 2016; 59:11098-11109. [PMID: 28002963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
α-Carbonic anhydrase of Helicobacter pylori (HpαCA) plays an important role in the acclimation of this oncobacterium to the acidic pH of the stomach. Sulfonamide inhibitors of HpαCA possess anti-H. pylori activity. The crystal structures of complexes of HpαCA with a family of acetazolamide-related sulfonamides have been determined. Analysis of the structures revealed that the mode of sulfonamide binding correlates well with their inhibitory activities. In addition, comparisons with the corresponding inhibitor complexes of human carbonic anhydrase II (HCAII) indicated that HpαCA possesses an additional, alternative binding site for sulfonamides that is not present in HCAII. Furthermore, the hydrophobic pocket in HCAII that stabilizes the apolar moiety of sulfonamide inhibitors is replaced with a more open, hydrophilic pocket in HpαCA. Thus, our analysis identified major structural features can be exploited in the design of selective and more potent inhibitors of HpαCA that may lead to novel antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyanta K Modak
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Yu C Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Polo Scientifico, Università degli Studi di Firenze , Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy.,Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze , Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Anna Roujeinikova
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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33
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Pinard MA, Aggarwal M, Mahon BP, Tu C, McKenna R. A sucrose-binding site provides a lead towards an isoform-specific inhibitor of the cancer-associated enzyme carbonic anhydrase IX. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2015; 71:1352-8. [PMID: 26457530 PMCID: PMC4601603 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x1501239x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Human carbonic anhydrase (CA; EC 4.2.1.1) isoform IX (CA IX) is an extracellular zinc metalloenzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydration of CO2 to HCO3(-), thereby playing a role in pH regulation. The majority of normal functioning cells exhibit low-level expression of CA IX. However, in cancer cells CA IX is upregulated as a consequence of a metabolic transition known as the Warburg effect. The upregulation of CA IX for cancer progression has drawn interest in it being a potential therapeutic target. CA IX is a transmembrane protein, and its purification, yield and crystallization have proven challenging to structure-based drug design, whereas the closely related cytosolic soluble isoform CA II can be expressed and crystallized with ease. Therefore, we have utilized structural alignments and site-directed mutagenesis to engineer a CA II that mimics the active site of CA IX. In this paper, the X-ray crystal structure of this CA IX mimic in complex with sucrose is presented and has been refined to a resolution of 1.5 Å, an Rcryst of 18.0% and an Rfree of 21.2%. The binding of sucrose at the entrance to the active site of the CA IX mimic, and not CA II, in a non-inhibitory mechanism provides a novel carbohydrate moiety binding site that could be further exploited to design isoform-specific inhibitors of CA IX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Pinard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Mayank Aggarwal
- Division of Biology and Soft Matter, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Brian P. Mahon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Chingkuang Tu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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34
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Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Design, synthesis and structural characterization of new heteroaryl-N-carbonylbenzenesulfonamides targeting druggable human carbonic anhydrase isoforms. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 102:223-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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35
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Mahon BP, Lomelino CL, Ladwig J, Rankin GM, Driscoll JM, Salguero AL, Pinard MA, Vullo D, Supuran CT, Poulsen SA, McKenna R. Mapping Selective Inhibition of the Cancer-Related Carbonic Anhydrase IX Using Structure–Activity Relationships of Glucosyl-Based Sulfamates. J Med Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian P. Mahon
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, PO Box 100245, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Carrie L. Lomelino
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, PO Box 100245, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Janina Ladwig
- Eskitis
Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Gregory M. Rankin
- Eskitis
Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Jenna M. Driscoll
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, PO Box 100245, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Antonieta L. Salguero
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, PO Box 100245, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Melissa A. Pinard
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, PO Box 100245, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Daniela Vullo
- Polo
Scientifico, Neurofarba Department and Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Rm. 188, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Polo
Scientifico, Neurofarba Department and Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Rm. 188, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Sally-Ann Poulsen
- Eskitis
Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, PO Box 100245, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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36
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Mahon BP, Hendon AM, Driscoll JM, Rankin GM, Poulsen SA, Supuran CT, McKenna R. Saccharin: a lead compound for structure-based drug design of carbonic anhydrase IX inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:849-54. [PMID: 25614109 PMCID: PMC4352949 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is a key modulator of aggressive tumor behavior and a prognostic marker and target for several cancers. Saccharin (SAC) based compounds may provide an avenue to overcome CA isoform specificity, as they display both nanomolar affinity and preferential binding, for CA IX compared to CA II (>50-fold for SAC and >1000-fold when SAC is conjugated to a carbohydrate moiety). The X-ray crystal structures of SAC and a SAC-carbohydrate conjugate bound to a CA IX-mimic are presented and compared to CA II. The structures provide substantial new insight into the mechanism of SAC selective CA isoform inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Mahon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Box 100245, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Alex M Hendon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Box 100245, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jenna M Driscoll
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Box 100245, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Gregory M Rankin
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Sally-Ann Poulsen
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Polo Scientifico, Neurofarba Department and Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Rm. 188, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Box 100245, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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37
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Moeker J, Mahon BP, Bornaghi LF, Vullo D, Supuran CT, McKenna R, Poulsen SA. Structural insights into carbonic anhydrase IX isoform specificity of carbohydrate-based sulfamates. J Med Chem 2014; 57:8635-45. [PMID: 25254302 PMCID: PMC4207533 DOI: 10.1021/jm5012935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is
an extracellular transmembrane
homodimeric zinc metalloenzyme that has been validated as a prognostic
marker and therapeutic target for several types of aggressive cancers.
CA IX shares a close homology with other CA isoforms, making the design
of CA IX isoform selective inhibitors challenging. In this paper,
we describe the development of a new class of CA IX inhibitors that
comprise a sulfamate as the zinc binding group, a variable linker,
and a carbohydrate “tail” moiety. Seven compounds inhibited
CA IX with low nM Ki values of 1–2
nM and also exhibited permeability profiles to preferentially target
the binding of extracellular CA IX over cytosolic CAs. The crystal
structures of two of these compounds in complex with a CA IX-mimic
(a variant of CA II, with active site residues that mimic CA IX) and
one compound in complex with CA II have been determined to 1.7 Å
resolution or better and demonstrate a selective mechanism of binding
between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic pockets of CA IX versus CA
II. These compounds present promising candidates for anti-CA IX drugs
and the treatment for several aggressive cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Moeker
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University , Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
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Repsold L, Mqoco T, Wolmarans E, Nkandeu S, Theron J, Piorkowski T, Toit PD, Papendorp DV, Joubert AM. Ultrastructural changes of erythrocytes in whole blood after exposure to prospective in silico-designed anticancer agents: a qualitative case study. Biol Res 2014; 47:39. [PMID: 25299962 PMCID: PMC4167501 DOI: 10.1186/0717-6287-47-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Novel, in silico-designed anticancer compounds were synthesized in our laboratory namely, 2-ethyl-3-O-sulphamoyl-estra-1,3,5(10),15-tetraen-17-ol (ESE-15-ol) and 2-ethyl-3-O-sulphamoyl-estra-1,3,5(10)16-tetraene (ESE-16). These compounds were designed to have improved bioavailability when compared to their source compound, 2-methoxyestradiol. This theoretically would be due to their increased binding affinity to carbonic anhydrase II, present in erythrocytes. Since the novel compounds under investigation are proposed to be transported within erythrocytes bound to carbonic anhydrase II, the morphological effect which they may exert on whole blood and erythrocytes is of great significance. A secondary outcome included revision of previously reported procedures for the handling of the whole blood sample. The purpose of this study was twofold. Firstly, the ultrastructural morphology of a healthy female’s erythrocytes was examined via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after exposure to the newly in silico-designed compounds. Morphology of erythrocytes following exposure to ESE-15-ol and ESE-16 for 3 minutes and 24 hours at 22°C were described with the use of SEM. The haemolytic activity of the compounds after 24 hours exposure were also determined with the ex vivo haemolysis assay. Secondly, storage conditions of the whole blood sample were investigated by determining morphological changes after a 24 hour storage period at 22°C and 37°C. Results No significant morphological changes were observed in the erythrocyte morphology after exposure to the novel anticancer compounds. Storage of the whole blood samples at 37°C for 24 hours resulted in visible morphological stress in the erythrocytes. Erythrocytes incubated at 22°C for 24 hours showed no structural deformity or distress. Conclusions From this research the optimal temperature for ex vivo exposure of whole blood samples to ESE-15-ol and ESE-16 for 24 hours was determined to be 22°C. Data from this study revealed the potential of these compounds to be applied to ex vivo study techniques, since no damage occurred to erythrocytes ultrastructure under these conditions. As no structural changes were observed in erythrocytes exposed to ESE-15-ol and ESE-16, further ex vivo experiments will be conducted into the potential effects of these compounds on whole blood. Optimal incubation conditions up to 24 hours for whole blood were established as a secondary outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Repsold
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Thandi Mqoco
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Elize Wolmarans
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Sandra Nkandeu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Joji Theron
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Tomek Piorkowski
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Peet du Toit
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Dirk van Papendorp
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Annie Margaretha Joubert
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
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Hu Y, Li CY, Wang XM, Yang YH, Zhu HL. 1,3,4-Thiadiazole: synthesis, reactions, and applications in medicinal, agricultural, and materials chemistry. Chem Rev 2014; 114:5572-610. [PMID: 24716666 DOI: 10.1021/cr400131u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
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Wolmarans E, Mqoco TV, Stander A, Nkandeu SD, Sippel K, McKenna R, Joubert A. Novel estradiol analogue induces apoptosis and autophagy in esophageal carcinoma cells. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2014; 19:98-115. [PMID: 24563014 PMCID: PMC6275608 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-014-0183-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in South Africa. The critical role that microtubules play in cell division makes them an ideal target for the development of chemotherapeutic drugs that prevent the hyperproliferation of cancer cells. The new in silico-designed estradiol analogue 2-ethyl-3-O-sulfamoylestra-1,3,5(10)16-tetraene (ESE-16) was investigated in terms of its in vitro antiproliferative effects on the esophageal carcinoma SNO cell line at a concentration of 0.18 μM and an exposure time of 24 h. Polarization-optical differential interference contrast and triple fluorescent staining (propidium iodide, Hoechst 33342 and acridine orange) revealed a decrease in cell density, metaphase arrest, and the occurrence of apoptotic bodies in the ESE-16-treated cells when compared to relevant controls. Treated cells also showed an increase in the presence of acidic vacuoles and lysosomes, suggesting the occurrence of autophagic processes. Cell death via autophagy was confirmed using the Cyto-ID autophagy detection kit and the aggresome detection assay. Results showed an increase in autophagic vacuole and aggresome formation in ESE-16 treated cells, confirming the induction of cell death via autophagy. Cell cycle progression demonstrated an increase in the sub-G1 fraction (indicative of the presence of apoptosis). In addition, a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential was also observed, which suggests the involvement of apoptotic cell death induced by ESE-16 via the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. In this study, it was demonstrated that ESE-16 induces cell death via both autophagy and apoptosis in esophageal carcinoma cells. This study paves the way for future investigation into the role of ESE-16 in ex vivo and in vivo studies as a possible anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elize Wolmarans
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Thandi V. Mqoco
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Andre Stander
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sandra D. Nkandeu
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Katherine Sippel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas USA
| | - Robert McKenna
- McKnight Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida USA
| | - Annie Joubert
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Wolmarans E, Sippel K, McKenna R, Joubert A. Induction of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway via a new antimitotic agent in an esophageal carcinoma cell line. Cell Biosci 2014; 4:68. [PMID: 25937890 PMCID: PMC4417530 DOI: 10.1186/2045-3701-4-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 2-Ethyl-3-O-sulphamoyl-estra-1,3,5(10)16-tetraene (ESE-16) is a unique, in silico-designed compound with possible anticancer properties, which were identified in our laboratory. This compound is capable of interfering with microtubule dynamics and is believed to have potential carbonic anhydrase IX inhibiting activity. In this study, it was investigated whether ESE-16 is capable of inducing apoptosis in vitro in the esophageal carcinoma SNO cell line via the intrinsic pathway at a concentration of 0.2 μM with an exposure time of 24 hours. Results Qualitative results were obtained via light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. Results showed hallmarks of apoptosis in the ESE-16-treated cells. In addition, data revealed an increase in the number of ESE-16-treated cells blocked in metaphase. Cell death via apoptosis in the ESE-16-treated cells was confirmed by studying the internal ultrastructure of the cells via transmission electron microscopy, while confocal microscopy revealed abnormal spindle formation and condensed chromatin in ESE-16-treated cells, thus confirming metaphase block. Quantitative results were obtained via flow cytometry and spectrophotometry. Cell death via apoptosis in ESE-16-treated cells was quantitatively confirmed by the Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection assay. Flow cytometry and spectrophotometry revealed dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential and an increase in superoxide levels in the ESE-16-treated cells when compared to the relevant controls. Both initiator caspase 9 and effector caspase 3 activities were increased, which demonstrates that ESE-16 causes cell death in a caspase-dependent manner. Conclusions This was the first in vitro study conducted to investigate the action mechanism of ESE-16 on an esophageal carcinoma cell line. The results provided valuable information on the action mechanism of this potential anticancer agent. It can be concluded that the novel in silico-designed compound exerts an anti-proliferative effect on the esophageal carcinoma SNO cell line by disrupting microtubule function resulting in metaphase block. This culminates in apoptotic cell death via the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. This research provided cellular targets warranting in vivo assessment of ESE-16’s potential as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elize Wolmarans
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Katherine Sippel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas USA
| | - Robert McKenna
- McKnight Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida USA
| | - Annie Joubert
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Pan P, Vermelho AB, Capaci Rodrigues G, Scozzafava A, Tolvanen MEE, Parkkila S, Capasso C, Supuran CT. Cloning, characterization, and sulfonamide and thiol inhibition studies of an α-carbonic anhydrase from Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. J Med Chem 2013; 56:1761-71. [PMID: 23391336 DOI: 10.1021/jm4000616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
An α-carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) has been identified, cloned, and characterized from the unicellular protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. The enzyme (TcCA) has a very high catalytic activity for the CO2 hydration reaction, being similar kinetically to the human (h) isoform hCA II, although it is devoid of the His64 proton shuttle. A large number of aromatic/heterocyclic sulfonamides and some 5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazoles were investigated as TcCA inhibitors. The aromatic sulfonamides were weak inhibitors (K(I) values of 192 nM to 84 μM), whereas some heterocyclic compounds inhibited the enzyme with K(I) values in the range 61.6-93.6 nM. The thiols were the most potent in vitro inhibitors (K(I) values of 21.1-79.0 nM), and some of them also inhibited the epimastigotes growth of two T. cruzi strains in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwen Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, Fimlab Ltd., School of Medicine and BioMediTech, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Medisiinarinkatu 3, 33520 Tampere, Finland
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Stander BA, Joubert F, Tu C, Sippel KH, McKenna R, Joubert AM. Signaling pathways of ESE-16, an antimitotic and anticarbonic anhydrase estradiol analog, in breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53853. [PMID: 23382857 PMCID: PMC3561402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the in vitro action of 2-ethyl-3-O-sulphamoyl-estra-1,3,5(10)16-tetraene (ESE-16) on non-tumorigenic MCF-12A, tumorigenic MCF-7 and metastatic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. ESE-16 is able to inhibit the activity of a carbonic anhydrase II and a mimic of carbonic anhydrase IX in the nanomolar range. Gene and protein expression studies using various techniques including gene and antibody microarrays and various flow cytometry assays yielded valuable information about the mechanism of action of ESE-16. The JNK pathway was identified as an important pathway mediating the effects of ESE-16 while the p38 stress-induced pathway is more important in MDA-MB-231 cells exposed to ESE-16. Lysosomal rupture and iron metabolism was identified as important mediators of mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Abrogation of Bcl-2 phosphorylation status as a result of ESE-16 also plays a role in inducing mitochondrial membrane depolarization. The study provides a basis for future research projects to develop the newly synthesized compound into a clinically usable anticancer agent either alone or in combination with other agents. Keywords: Antimitotic, anticarbonic anhydrase IX, apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle arrest, Bcl-2, JNK, p38, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, flow cytometry, gene expression and protein microarray, anticancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barend Andre Stander
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa.
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Tars K, Vullo D, Kazaks A, Leitans J, Lends A, Grandane A, Zalubovskis R, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT. Sulfocoumarins (1,2-Benzoxathiine-2,2-dioxides): A Class of Potent and Isoform-Selective Inhibitors of Tumor-Associated Carbonic Anhydrases. J Med Chem 2012; 56:293-300. [DOI: 10.1021/jm301625s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaspars Tars
- Biomedical Research
and Study
Center, Ratsupites 1, LV 1067, Riga, Latvia
| | - Daniela Vullo
- Università degli Studi
di Firenze, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Rm. 188, Via della
Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Andris Kazaks
- Biomedical Research
and Study
Center, Ratsupites 1, LV 1067, Riga, Latvia
| | - Janis Leitans
- Biomedical Research
and Study
Center, Ratsupites 1, LV 1067, Riga, Latvia
| | - Alons Lends
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis,
Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Aiga Grandane
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis,
Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Raivis Zalubovskis
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis,
Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Andrea Scozzafava
- Università degli Studi
di Firenze, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Rm. 188, Via della
Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Università degli Studi
di Firenze, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Rm. 188, Via della
Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
- Università degli Studi
di Firenze, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff
6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
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45
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Stander BA, Joubert F, Tu C, Sippel KH, McKenna R, Joubert AM. In vitro evaluation of ESE-15-ol, an estradiol analogue with nanomolar antimitotic and carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activity. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52205. [PMID: 23300615 PMCID: PMC3531393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimitotic compounds are still one of the most widely used chemotherapeutic anticancer drugs in the clinic today. Given their effectiveness against cancer it is beneficial to continue enhancing these drugs. One way is to improve the bioavailability and efficacy by synthesizing derivatives that reversibly bind to carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) in red blood cells followed by a slow release into the blood circulation system. In the present study we describe the in vitro biological activity of a reduced derivative of 2-ethyl-3-O-sulphamoyl-estradiol (2EE), 2-ethyl-3-O-sulphamoyl-estra-1,3,5(10),15-tetraen-17-ol (ESE-15-ol). ESE-15-ol is capable of inhibiting carbonic anhydrase activity in the nanomolar range and is selective towards a mimic of carbonic anhydrase IX when compared to the CAII isoform. Docking studies using Autodock Vina suggest that the dehydration of the D-ring plays a role towards the selectivity of ESE-15-ol to CAIX and that the binding mode of ESE-15-ol is substantially different when compared to 2EE. ESE-15-ol is able to reduce cell growth to 50% after 48 h at 50–75 nM in MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-12A cells. The compound is the least potent against the non-tumorigenic MCF-12A cells. In vitro mechanistic studies demonstrate that the newly synthesized compound induces mitochondrial membrane depolarization, abrogates the phosphorylation status of Bcl-2 and affects gene expression of genes associated with cell death and mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barend Andre Stander
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa.
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Gitto R, Damiano FM, Mader P, De Luca L, Ferro S, Supuran CT, Vullo D, Brynda J, Řezáčová P, Chimirri A. Synthesis, Structure–Activity Relationship Studies, and X-ray Crystallographic Analysis of Arylsulfonamides as Potent Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2012; 55:3891-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jm300112w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Gitto
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, I-98168
Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca M. Damiano
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, I-98168
Messina, Italy
| | - Pavel Mader
- Department
of Structural Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Laura De Luca
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, I-98168
Messina, Italy
| | - Stefania Ferro
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, I-98168
Messina, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Università degli Studi
di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Università di Firenze, Italy
| | - Daniela Vullo
- Università degli Studi
di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Università di Firenze, Italy
| | - Jiří Brynda
- Department
of Structural Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Structural Biology Team, Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Řezáčová
- Department
of Structural Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Structural Biology Team, Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alba Chimirri
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, I-98168
Messina, Italy
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Turkoglu S, Maresca A, Alper M, Kockar F, Işık S, Sinan S, Ozensoy O, Arslan O, Supuran CT. Mutation of active site residues Asn67 to Ile, Gln92 to Val and Leu204 to Ser in human carbonic anhydrase II: Influences on the catalytic activity and affinity for inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:2208-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Tu C, Foster L, Alvarado A, McKenna R, Silverman DN, Frost SC. Role of zinc in catalytic activity of carbonic anhydrase IX. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 521:90-4. [PMID: 22465027 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The carbonic anhydrases (CAs) in the α class are zinc-dependent metalloenzymes. Previous studies have reported that recombinant forms of carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), a membrane-bound form of CA expressed in solid tumors, appear to be activated by low levels of zinc independent of its well-studied role at the catalytic site. In this study, we sought to determine if CAIX is stimulated by zinc in its native environment. MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells express CAIX in response to hypoxia. We compared CAIX activity associated with membrane ghosts isolated from hypoxic cells with that in intact hypoxic cells. We measured CA activity directly using (18)O exchange from (13)CO(2) into water determined by membrane inlet mass spectrometry. In membrane ghosts, there was little effect of zinc at low concentrations on CAIX activity, although at high concentration zinc was inhibitory. In intact cells, zinc had no significant effect on CAIX activity. This suggests that there is an appreciable decrease in sensitivity to zinc when CAIX is in its natural membrane milieu compared to the purified forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chingkuang Tu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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49
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Donato DP, Johnson MT, Yang XJ, Zynger DL. Expression of carbonic anhydrase IX in genitourinary and adrenal tumours. Histopathology 2011; 59:1229-39. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.04074.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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50
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Alfarouk KO, Shayoub ME, Muddathir AK, Elhassan GO, Bashir AH. Evolution of Tumor Metabolism might Reflect Carcinogenesis as a Reverse Evolution process (Dismantling of Multicellularity). Cancers (Basel) 2011; 3:3002-17. [PMID: 24310356 PMCID: PMC3759183 DOI: 10.3390/cancers3033002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenesis occurs through a series of steps from normal into benign and finally malignant phenotype. This cancer evolutionary trajectory has been accompanied by similar metabolic transformation from normal metabolism into Pasteur and/or Crabtree-Effects into Warburg-Effect and finally Cannibalism and/or Lactate-Symbiosis. Due to lactate production as an end-product of glycolysis, tumor colonies acquire new phenotypes that rely on lactate as energetic fuel. Presence of Warburg-Effect indicates that some tumor cells undergo partial (if not complete) de-endosymbiosis and so cancer cells have been become unicellular microorganism (anti-Dollo's Law) specially when they evolve to develop cannibalism as way of metabolism while oxidative types of cells that rely on lactate, as their energetic fuel, might represent extra-endosymbiosis. Thus, at the end, the cancer colony could be considered as integrated metabolic ecosystem. Proper understanding of tumor metabolism will contribute to discover potential anticancer agents besides conventional chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid O. Alfarouk
- Department of Evolution of Tumor Metabolism and Pharmacology, Hala Alfarouk Cancer Center, Khartoum 11123, Sudan; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +249-120661220
| | - Mohammed E.A. Shayoub
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11111, Sudan; E-Mail:
| | - Abdel Khalig Muddathir
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11111, Sudan; E-Mail:
| | - Gamal O. Elhassan
- General Directorate of Pharmacy, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum 11111, Sudan; E-Mail:
| | - Adil H.H. Bashir
- Department of Evolution of Tumor Metabolism and Pharmacology, Hala Alfarouk Cancer Center, Khartoum 11123, Sudan; E-Mail:
- Al Jawda Medical Hospital, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
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