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Walter V, Schmatko T, Muller P, Schroder AP, MacEwan SR, Chilkoti A, Marques CM. Negative lipid membranes enhance the adsorption of TAT-decorated elastin-like polypeptide micelles. Biophys J 2024; 123:901-908. [PMID: 38449310 PMCID: PMC10995422 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
A cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) is a short amino-acid sequence capable of efficiently translocating across the cellular membrane of mammalian cells. However, the potential of CPPs as a delivery vector is hampered by the strong reduction of its translocation efficiency when it bears an attached molecular cargo. To overcome this problem, we used previously developed diblock copolymers of elastin-like polypeptides (ELPBCs), which we end functionalized with TAT (transactivator of transcription), an archetypal CPP built from a positively charged amino acid sequence of the HIV-1 virus. These ELPBCs self-assemble into micelles at a specific temperature and present the TAT peptide on their corona. These micelles can recover the lost membrane affinity of TAT and can trigger interactions with the membrane despite the presence of a molecular cargo. Herein, we study the influence of membrane surface charge on the adsorption of TAT-functionalized ELP micelles onto giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). We show that the TAT-ELPBC micelles show an increased binding constant toward negatively charged membranes compared to neutral membranes, but no translocation is observed. The affinity of the TAT-ELPBC micelles for the GUVs displays a stepwise dependence on the lipid charge of the GUV, which, to our knowledge, has not been reported previously for interactions between peptides and lipid membranes. By unveiling the key steps controlling the interaction of an archetypal CPP with lipid membranes, through regulation of the charge of the lipid bilayer, our results pave the way for a better design of delivery vectors based on CPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Walter
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS UPR22 & Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Tatiana Schmatko
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS UPR22 & Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Pierre Muller
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS UPR22 & Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Sarah R MacEwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Carlos M Marques
- University of Lyon, ENS-Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Chem. Lab, Lyon, France.
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2
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Puls JS, Winnerling B, Power JJ, Krüger AM, Brajtenbach D, Johnson M, Bilici K, Camus L, Fließwasser T, Schneider T, Sahl HG, Ghosal D, Kubitscheck U, Heilbronner S, Grein F. Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteriocin A37 kills natural competitors with a unique mechanism of action. THE ISME JOURNAL 2024; 18:wrae044. [PMID: 38470311 PMCID: PMC10988021 DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Many bacteria produce antimicrobial compounds such as lantibiotics to gain advantage in the competitive natural environments of microbiomes. Epilancins constitute an until now underexplored family of lantibiotics with an unknown ecological role and unresolved mode of action. We discovered production of an epilancin in the nasal isolate Staphylococcus epidermidis A37. Using bioinformatic tools, we found that epilancins are frequently encoded within staphylococcal genomes, highlighting their ecological relevance. We demonstrate that production of epilancin A37 contributes to Staphylococcus epidermidis competition specifically against natural corynebacterial competitors. Combining microbiological approaches with quantitative in vivo and in vitro fluorescence microscopy and cryo-electron tomography, we show that A37 enters the corynebacterial cytoplasm through a partially transmembrane-potential-driven uptake without impairing the cell membrane function. Upon intracellular aggregation, A37 induces the formation of intracellular membrane vesicles, which are heavily loaded with the compound and are essential for the antibacterial activity of the epilancin. Our work sheds light on the ecological role of epilancins for staphylococci mediated by a mode of action previously unknown for lantibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Samuel Puls
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Benjamin Winnerling
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jeffrey J Power
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Department of Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annika M Krüger
- Clausius Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dominik Brajtenbach
- Clausius Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthew Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Kevser Bilici
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Department of Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Laura Camus
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Department of Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Fließwasser
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Tanja Schneider
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Sahl
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Debnath Ghosal
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ulrich Kubitscheck
- Clausius Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Simon Heilbronner
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Department of Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Present address: Faculty of Biology, Microbiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, 82152 München, Germany
| | - Fabian Grein
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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3
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A Peptide Inhibitor of the Human Cytomegalovirus Core Nuclear Egress Complex. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091040. [PMID: 36145260 PMCID: PMC9505826 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The replication of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) involves a process termed nuclear egress, which enables translocation of newly formed viral capsids from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. The HCMV core nuclear egress complex (core NEC), a heterodimer of viral proteins pUL50 and pUL53, is therefore considered a promising target for new antiviral drugs. We have recently shown that a 29-mer peptide presenting an N-terminal alpha-helical hook-like segment of pUL53, through which pUL53 interacts with pUL50, binds to pUL50 with high affinity, and inhibits the pUL50–pUL53 interaction in vitro. Here, we show that this peptide is also able to interfere with HCMV infection of cells, as well as with core NEC formation in HCMV-infected cells. As the target of the peptide, i.e., the pUL50–pUL53 interaction, is localized at the inner nuclear membrane of the cell, the peptide had to be equipped with translocation moieties that facilitate peptide uptake into the cell and the nucleus, respectively. For the resulting fusion peptide (NLS-CPP-Hook), specific cellular and nuclear uptake into HFF cells, as well as inhibition of infection with HCMV, could be demonstrated, further substantiating the HCMV core NEC as a potential antiviral target.
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4
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Sun S, Xia Y, Liu J, Dou Y, Yang K, Yuan B, Kang Z. Real-time monitoring the interfacial dynamic processes at model cell membranes: Taking cell penetrating peptide TAT as an example. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 609:707-717. [PMID: 34839914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A real-time and molecule-level monitoring of the interfacial dynamic interactions between molecules and a cell membrane is of vital importance. Herein, taking TAT, one of the most representative cell penetrating peptides, as an example, a photo-voltage transient technique and a dynamic giant bistratal vesicle (GBV) leakage method were combined with the traditional giant unilamellar vesicle (GUV) leakage assays, to provide a molecule-level understanding of the dynamic membrane interaction process performed in a low ionic strength and neutral pH condition. The photo-voltage test based on supported phospholipid bilayers showed a quick disturbance (<1 min) followed by a continuous reconstruction of the membrane by peptides, leading to a slight destruction (at TAT concentrations lower than 1 μg mL-1, i.e., 0.64 μM) or strong damage (e.g. at 10 μg mL-1, i.e., 6.4 μM) of the bilayer structure. The GUV/GBV leakage assays further demonstrated the TAT-induced membrane deformation and transmembrane diffusion of dyes, which occurred in an immediate, linear, and TAT-concentration dependent manner. Moreover, the flux of dye across the substrate-immobilized membranes was approximately three times of that across the substrate-free ones. This work gives information on time and molecular mechanism of the TAT-membrane interactions, demonstrates the different permeabilizing effects of TAT on immobilized and free membranes. Overall, it provides useful strategies to investigate the nano-bio interfacial interactions in a simple, global and real-time way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqing Sun
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research & School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research & School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaojiao Liu
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering & Jiangsu Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yujiang Dou
- School of Electronic and Information Engineer, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China; Suzhou Weimu Intelligent System Co. Ltd., Suzhou 215163, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Kai Yang
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research & School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Yuan
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhenhui Kang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Advanced Materials, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, Jilin, China.
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5
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Knox SL, Steinauer A, Alpha-Cobb G, Trexler A, Rhoades E, Schepartz A. Quantification of protein delivery in live cells using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Methods Enzymol 2020; 641:477-505. [PMID: 32713536 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is a quantitative single-molecule method that measures the concentration and rate of diffusion of fluorophore-tagged molecules, both large and small, in vitro and within live cells, and even within discrete cellular compartments. FCS is exceptionally well-suited to directly quantify the efficiency of intracellular protein delivery-specifically, how well different "cell-penetrating" proteins and peptides guide proteinaceous materials into the cytosol and nuclei of live mammalian cells. This article provides an overview of the procedures necessary to execute robust FCS experiments and evaluate endosomal escape efficiencies: preparation of fluorophore-tagged proteins, incubation with mammalian cells and preparation of FCS samples, setup and execution of an FCS experiment, and a detailed discussion of and custom MATLAB® script for analyzing the resulting autocorrelation curves in the context of appropriate diffusion models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Knox
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Angela Steinauer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Garrett Alpha-Cobb
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Adam Trexler
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Elizabeth Rhoades
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Alanna Schepartz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States.
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6
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Ciobanasu C, Dragomir I, Apetrei A. The penetrating properties of the tumor homing peptide LyP‐1 in model lipid membranes. J Pept Sci 2018; 25:e3145. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.3145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corina Ciobanasu
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Science Research DepartmentAlexandru I. Cuza University Iaşi Romania
| | | | - Aurelia Apetrei
- Department of PhysicsAlexandru I. Cuza University Iasi Romania
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7
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Erazo-Oliveras A, Najjar K, Truong D, Wang TY, Brock DJ, Prater AR, Pellois JP. The Late Endosome and Its Lipid BMP Act as Gateways for Efficient Cytosolic Access of the Delivery Agent dfTAT and Its Macromolecular Cargos. Cell Chem Biol 2016; 23:598-607. [PMID: 27161484 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Endosomal entrapment is a severely limiting bottleneck in the delivery of biologics into cells. The compound dfTAT was recently found to circumvent this problem by mediating endosomal leakage efficiently and without toxicity. Herein, we report on the mechanism of endosomal escape of this cell-penetrating peptide. By modulating the trafficking of the peptide within the endocytic pathway, we identify late endosomes as the organelles rendered leaky by dfTAT. We establish that dfTAT binds bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP), a lipid found in late endosomes, and that the peptide causes the fusion and leakage of bilayers containing BMP. Together, these data identify late endosomes as desirable gateways for cell penetration and BMP as a cellular factor that can be exploited for the development of future delivery agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Erazo-Oliveras
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Kristina Najjar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Dat Truong
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Ting-Yi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Dakota J Brock
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Austin R Prater
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Pellois
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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8
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Tan H, Luo W, Wei L, Chen B, Li W, Xiao L, Manzhos S, Liu Z, Liang S. Quantifying the Distribution of the Stoichiometric Composition of Anticancer Peptide Lycosin-I on the Lipid Membrane with Single Molecule Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:3081-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huaxin Tan
- Dynamic Optical Microscopic Imaging Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P. R. China
- College
of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P. R. China
| | - Wenjuan Luo
- Dynamic Optical Microscopic Imaging Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P. R. China
| | - Lin Wei
- Dynamic Optical Microscopic Imaging Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P. R. China
| | - Bo Chen
- Dynamic Optical Microscopic Imaging Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P. R. China
| | - Wenxuan Li
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block EA #07-08, 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117576, Singapore
| | - Lehui Xiao
- Dynamic Optical Microscopic Imaging Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P. R. China
| | - Sergei Manzhos
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block EA #07-08, 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117576, Singapore
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- College
of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P. R. China
| | - Songping Liang
- College
of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P. R. China
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9
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Single Particle Dynamic Imaging and Fe3+ Sensing with Bright Carbon Dots Derived from Bovine Serum Albumin Proteins. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17727. [PMID: 26634992 PMCID: PMC4669502 DOI: 10.1038/srep17727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrated a convenient and green strategy for the synthesis of highly luminescent and water-soluble carbon dots (Cdots) by carbonizing carbon precursors, i.e., Bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanoparticles, in water solution. Without post surface modification, the as-synthesized Cdots exhibit fluorescence quantum yield (Q.Y.) as high as 34.8% and display superior colloidal stability not only in concentrated salt solutions (e.g. 2 M KCl) but also in a wide range of pH solutions. According to the FT-IR measurements, the Cdots contain many carboxyl groups, providing a versatile route for further chemical and biological functionalization. Through conjugation of Cdots with the transacting activator of transcription (TAT) peptide (a kind of cell penetration peptide (CPP)) derived from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), it is possible to directly monitor the dynamic interactions of CPP with living cell membrane at single particle level. Furthermore, these Cdots also exhibit a dosage-dependent selectivity toward Fe3+ among other metal ions, including K+, Na+, Mg2+, Hg2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Pb2+ and Al3+. We believed that the Cdots prepared by this strategy would display promising applications in various areas, including analytical chemistry, nanomedicine, biochemistry and so on.
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10
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NKCS, a Mutant of the NK-2 Peptide, Causes Severe Distortions and Perforations in Bacterial, But Not Human Model Lipid Membranes. Molecules 2015; 20:6941-58. [PMID: 25913932 PMCID: PMC6272639 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20046941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
NKCS is an improved mutant of the bioactive peptide NK-2, which shows strong activity against Escherichia coli and low toxicity towards human cells. The different activity demonstrates the relevance of the physico-chemical nature of the target membrane for the biological effect of this peptide. We studied the effect of this potent antimicrobial peptide on model membranes by activity studies, differential scanning calorimetry, single molecule tracking and tracer efflux experiments. We found that NKCS severely distorted, penetrated and perforated model lipid membranes that resembled bacterial membranes, but not those that were similar to human cell membranes. The interactions of NKCS with phosphatidylethanolamine, which is abundant in bacterial membranes, were especially strong and are probably responsible for its antimicrobial activity.
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11
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Scherer KM, Spille JH, Sahl HG, Grein F, Kubitscheck U. The lantibiotic nisin induces lipid II aggregation, causing membrane instability and vesicle budding. Biophys J 2015; 108:1114-24. [PMID: 25762323 PMCID: PMC4375720 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial peptide nisin exerts its activity by a unique dual mechanism. It permeates the cell membranes of Gram-positive bacteria by binding to the cell wall precursor Lipid II and inhibits cell wall synthesis. Binding of nisin to Lipid II induces the formation of large nisin-Lipid II aggregates in the membrane of bacteria as well as in Lipid II-doped model membranes. Mechanistic details of the aggregation process and its impact on membrane permeation are still unresolved. In our experiments, we found that fluorescently labeled nisin bound very inhomogeneously to bacterial membranes as a consequence of the strong aggregation due to Lipid II binding. A correlation between cell membrane damage and nisin aggregation was observed in vivo. To further investigate the aggregation process of Lipid II and nisin, we assessed its dynamics by single-molecule microscopy of fluorescently labeled Lipid II molecules in giant unilamellar vesicles using light-sheet illumination. We observed a continuous reduction of Lipid II mobility due to a steady growth of nisin-Lipid II aggregates as a function of time and nisin concentration. From the measured diffusion constants of Lipid II, we estimated that the largest aggregates contained tens of thousands of Lipid II molecules. Furthermore, we observed that the formation of large nisin-Lipid II aggregates induced vesicle budding in giant unilamellar vesicles. Thus, we propose a membrane permeation mechanism that is dependent on the continuous growth of nisin-Lipid II aggregation and probably involves curvature effects on the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina M Scherer
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Microbiology Unit, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Jan-Hendrik Spille
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Microbiology Unit, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Sahl
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Pharmaceutical Microbiology Unit, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Fabian Grein
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Pharmaceutical Microbiology Unit, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kubitscheck
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Microbiology Unit, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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12
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He XC, Lin M, Li F, Sha BY, Xu F, Qu ZG, Wang L. Advances in studies of nanoparticle–biomembrane interactions. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:121-41. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are widely applied in nanomedicine and diagnostics based on the interactions between NPs and the basic barrier (biomembrane). Understanding the underlying mechanism of these interactions is important for enhancing their beneficial effects and avoiding potential nanotoxicity. Experimental, mathematical and numerical modeling techniques are involved in this field. This article reviews the state-of-the-art techniques in studies of NP–biomembrane interactions with a focus on each technology's advantages and disadvantages. The aim is to better understand the mechanism of NP–biomembrane interactions and provide significant guidance for various fields, such as nanomedicine and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Cong He
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science & Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, PR China
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, PR China
| | - Min Lin
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science & Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, PR China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, PR China
| | - Bao Yong Sha
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, PR China
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an 710021, PR China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science & Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, PR China
| | - Zhi Guo Qu
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science & Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, PR China
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, PR China
| | - Lin Wang
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science & Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, PR China
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13
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Spille JH, Kaminski TP, Scherer K, Rinne JS, Heckel A, Kubitscheck U. Direct observation of mobility state transitions in RNA trajectories by sensitive single molecule feedback tracking. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:e14. [PMID: 25414330 PMCID: PMC4333372 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Observation and tracking of fluorescently labeled molecules and particles in living cells reveals detailed information about intracellular processes on the molecular level. Whereas light microscopic particle observation is usually limited to two-dimensional projections of short trajectory segments, we report here image-based real-time three-dimensional single particle tracking in an active feedback loop with single molecule sensitivity. We tracked particles carrying only 1-3 fluorophores deep inside living tissue with high spatio-temporal resolution. Using this approach, we succeeded to acquire trajectories containing several hundred localizations. We present statistical methods to find significant deviations from random Brownian motion in such trajectories. The analysis allowed us to directly observe transitions in the mobility of ribosomal (r)RNA and Balbiani ring (BR) messenger (m)RNA particles in living Chironomus tentans salivary gland cell nuclei. We found that BR mRNA particles displayed phases of reduced mobility, while rRNA particles showed distinct binding events in and near nucleoli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Hendrik Spille
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Tim P Kaminski
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Scherer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jennifer S Rinne
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Alexander Heckel
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kubitscheck
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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14
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Di Pisa M, Chassaing G, Swiecicki JM. Translocation Mechanism(s) of Cell-Penetrating Peptides: Biophysical Studies Using Artificial Membrane Bilayers. Biochemistry 2014; 54:194-207. [DOI: 10.1021/bi501392n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Di Pisa
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7203, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, F-75005 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7203, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, F-75005 Paris, France
- ENS, UMR 7203, Laboratoire des Biomolécules,
Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 24 Rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Gérard Chassaing
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7203, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, F-75005 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7203, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, F-75005 Paris, France
- ENS, UMR 7203, Laboratoire des Biomolécules,
Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 24 Rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Swiecicki
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7203, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, F-75005 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7203, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, F-75005 Paris, France
- ENS, UMR 7203, Laboratoire des Biomolécules,
Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 24 Rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
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15
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Piantavigna S, Abdelhamid ME, Zhao C, Qu X, McCubbin GA, Graham B, Spiccia L, O'Mullane AP, Martin LL. Mechanistic Details of the Membrane Perforation and Passive Translocation of TAT Peptides. Chempluschem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201402209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Piantavigna
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 (Australia), Fax: (+61) 3‐9905‐4597
| | - Muhammad E. Abdelhamid
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 (Australia), Fax: (+61) 3‐9905‐4597
- School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne VIC 3001 (Australia)
| | - Chuan Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 (Australia), Fax: (+61) 3‐9905‐4597
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 (Australia)
| | - Xiaohu Qu
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 (Australia), Fax: (+61) 3‐9905‐4597
| | - George A. McCubbin
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 (Australia), Fax: (+61) 3‐9905‐4597
| | - Bim Graham
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052 (Australia)
| | - Leone Spiccia
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 (Australia), Fax: (+61) 3‐9905‐4597
| | - Anthony P. O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001 (Australia)
| | - Lisandra L. Martin
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 (Australia), Fax: (+61) 3‐9905‐4597
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16
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Wei L, Yang Q, Xiao L. Tempo-spatially resolved cellular dynamics of human immunodeficiency virus transacting activator of transcription (Tat) peptide-modified nanocargos in living cells. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:10207-10215. [PMID: 25051531 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr02732a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the cellular uptake mechanism and intracellular fate of nanocarriers in living cells is of great importance for the rational design of efficient drug delivery cargos as well as the development of robust biomedical diagnostic probes. In present study, with a dual wavelength view darkfield microscope (DWVD), the tempo-spatially resolved dynamics of Tat peptide-functionalized gold nanoparticles (TGNPs, with size similar to viruses) in living HeLa cells were extensively explored. It was found that energy-dependent endocytosis (both clathrin- and caveolae-mediated processes were involved) was the prevailing pathway for the cellular uptake of TGNPs. The time-correlated dynamic spatial distribution information revealed that TGNPs could not actively target the cell nuclei, which is contrary to previous observations based on fixed cell results. More importantly, the inheritance of TGNPs to the daughter cells through mitosis was found to be the major route to metabolize TGNPs by HeLa cells. These understandings on the cellular uptake mechanism and intracellular fate of nanocargos in living cells would provide deep insight on how to improve and controllably manipulate their translocation efficiency for targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Phytochemical Research and Development of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P. R. China.
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17
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Abstract
The transacting activator of transduction (TAT) protein plays a key role in the progression of AIDS. Studies have shown that a +8 charged sequence of amino acids in the protein, called the TAT peptide, enables the TAT protein to penetrate cell membranes. To probe mechanisms of binding and translocation of the TAT peptide into the cell, investigators have used phospholipid liposomes as cell membrane mimics. We have used the method of surface potential sensitive second harmonic generation (SHG), which is a label-free and interface-selective method, to study the binding of TAT to anionic 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-1'-rac-glycerol (POPG) and neutral 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) liposomes. It is the SHG sensitivity to the electrostatic field generated by a charged interface that enabled us to obtain the interfacial electrostatic potential. SHG together with the Poisson-Boltzmann equation yielded the dependence of the surface potential on the density of adsorbed TAT. We obtained the dissociation constants Kd for TAT binding to POPC and POPG liposomes and the maximum number of TATs that can bind to a given liposome surface. For POPC Kd was found to be 7.5 ± 2 μM, and for POPG Kd was 29.0 ± 4.0 μM. As TAT was added to the liposome solution the POPC surface potential changed from 0 mV to +37 mV, and for POPG it changed from -57 mV to -37 mV. A numerical calculation of Kd, which included all terms obtained from application of the Poisson-Boltzmann equation to the TAT liposome SHG data, was shown to be in good agreement with an approximated solution.
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18
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dos Santos Cabrera MP, Baldissera G, Silva-Gonçalves LDC, de Souza BM, Riske KA, Palma MS, Ruggiero JR, Arcisio-Miranda M. Combining Experimental Evidence and Molecular Dynamic Simulations To Understand the Mechanism of Action of the Antimicrobial Octapeptide Jelleine-I. Biochemistry 2014; 53:4857-68. [DOI: 10.1021/bi5003585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Perez dos Santos Cabrera
- Departamento
de Química e Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, São
Paulo 15054-000, Brazil
- Departamento
de Física, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José
do Rio Preto, São Paulo 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Gisele Baldissera
- Departamento
de Física, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José
do Rio Preto, São Paulo 15054-000, Brazil
- Faculdade de Tecnologia de Catanduva, Catanduva, São Paulo 15800-200, Brazil
| | | | - Bibiana Monson de Souza
- Centro
de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Karin A. Riske
- Departamento
de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São
Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Mario Sérgio Palma
- Centro
de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Ruggiero
- Departamento
de Física, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José
do Rio Preto, São Paulo 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Manoel Arcisio-Miranda
- Departamento
de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São
Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
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19
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Kastantin M, Langdon BB, Schwartz DK. A bottom-up approach to understanding protein layer formation at solid-liquid interfaces. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 207:240-52. [PMID: 24484895 PMCID: PMC4028386 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A common goal across different fields (e.g. separations, biosensors, biomaterials, pharmaceuticals) is to understand how protein behavior at solid-liquid interfaces is affected by environmental conditions. Temperature, pH, ionic strength, and the chemical and physical properties of the solid surface, among many factors, can control microscopic protein dynamics (e.g. adsorption, desorption, diffusion, aggregation) that contribute to macroscopic properties like time-dependent total protein surface coverage and protein structure. These relationships are typically studied through a top-down approach in which macroscopic observations are explained using analytical models that are based upon reasonable, but not universally true, simplifying assumptions about microscopic protein dynamics. Conclusions connecting microscopic dynamics to environmental factors can be heavily biased by potentially incorrect assumptions. In contrast, more complicated models avoid several of the common assumptions but require many parameters that have overlapping effects on predictions of macroscopic, average protein properties. Consequently, these models are poorly suited for the top-down approach. Because the sophistication incorporated into these models may ultimately prove essential to understanding interfacial protein behavior, this article proposes a bottom-up approach in which direct observations of microscopic protein dynamics specify parameters in complicated models, which then generate macroscopic predictions to compare with experiment. In this framework, single-molecule tracking has proven capable of making direct measurements of microscopic protein dynamics, but must be complemented by modeling to combine and extrapolate many independent microscopic observations to the macro-scale. The bottom-up approach is expected to better connect environmental factors to macroscopic protein behavior, thereby guiding rational choices that promote desirable protein behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Kastantin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Blake B Langdon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Daniel K Schwartz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States.
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20
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Sun D, Forsman J, Lund M, Woodward CE. Effect of arginine-rich cell penetrating peptides on membrane pore formation and life-times: a molecular simulation study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:20785-95. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02211d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Molecular simulations show that arginine-rich peptides can stabilize transient membrane pores induced by lipid flip-flop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delin Sun
- School of Physical
- Environmental and Mathematical Sciences
- University of New South Wales
- Canberra ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Jan Forsman
- Theoretical Chemistry
- Chemical Centre
- Lund University
- S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mikael Lund
- Theoretical Chemistry
- Chemical Centre
- Lund University
- S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Clifford E. Woodward
- School of Physical
- Environmental and Mathematical Sciences
- University of New South Wales
- Canberra ACT 2600, Australia
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21
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Ohara K, Kohno M, Hamada T, Kawakami K. Entry of a cationic lytic-type peptide into the cytoplasm via endocytosis-dependent and -independent pathways in human glioma U251 cells. Peptides 2013; 50:28-35. [PMID: 24095870 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cationic lytic-type peptides have been studied for clinical application in various infections and cancers. This study aimed to determine the functions of our specially designed lytic peptide. To investigate the functional mechanism at the cell membrane level, we used giant unilayer vesicles (GUVs) mimicking cell membranes. In GUVs treated with FITC-labeled lytic peptide (lytic-FITC), fluorescence increased in a time-dependent manner. However, no inner fluorescence was detected in GUVs treated with lytic peptide and calcein. Next, distribution of lytic-FITC peptide on the cell membrane and in the cytoplasm was examined in a living human glioma U251 cell line. In the immunocytochemical study, some lytic peptide stains colocalized with early endosome antigen protein 1 (EEA-1). In cells treated with lytic peptide, the immunofluorescence intensity of lytic peptide increased in a concentration and treatment time-dependent manner. Cytotoxic activity of lytic peptide decreased after pretreatment with the endocytosis inhibitors cytochalasin D, chlorpromazine and amiloride. These findings suggest that lytic peptide exerts cytotoxic activity after cellular uptake via an endocytosis pathway. In conclusion, the influx mechanism of lytic peptide was shown to include not only disintegration and pore formation at the cell membrane, but also cell entry via endocytosis dependent and independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Ohara
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University Yoshidakonoecho, Sakyoku, Kyoto city, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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22
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Scherer K, Wiedemann I, Ciobanasu C, Sahl HG, Kubitscheck U. Aggregates of nisin with various bactoprenol-containing cell wall precursors differ in size and membrane permeation capacity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1828:2628-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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23
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Katayama S, Nakase I, Yano Y, Murayama T, Nakata Y, Matsuzaki K, Futaki S. Effects of pyrenebutyrate on the translocation of arginine-rich cell-penetrating peptides through artificial membranes: Recruiting peptides to the membranes, dissipating liquid-ordered phases, and inducing curvature. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1828:2134-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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24
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Purkayastha N, Eyer K, Robinson T, Dittrich PS, Beck AK, Seebach D, Kolesinska B, Cadalbert R. Enantiomeric and Diastereoisomeric (Mixed)L/ D-Octaarginine Derivatives - A Simple Way of Modulating the Properties of Cell-Penetrating Peptides. Chem Biodivers 2013; 10:1165-84. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201300180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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25
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Wei L, Zhao X, Chen B, Li H, Xiao L, Yeung ES. Frozen Translational and Rotational Motion of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transacting Activator of Transcription Peptide-Modified Nanocargo on Neutral Lipid Bilayer. Anal Chem 2013; 85:5169-75. [DOI: 10.1021/ac400503z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongchang Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lehui Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Edward S. Yeung
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People’s Republic of China
- Ames Laboratory, United States Department of Energy and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, United States
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26
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Kastantin M, Walder R, Schwartz DK. Identifying mechanisms of interfacial dynamics using single-molecule tracking. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:12443-56. [PMID: 22716995 PMCID: PMC3429661 DOI: 10.1021/la3017134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The "soft" (i.e., noncovalent) interactions between molecules and surfaces are complex and highly varied (e.g., hydrophobic, hydrogen bonding, and ionic), often leading to heterogeneous interfacial behavior. Heterogeneity can arise either from the spatial variation of the surface/interface itself or from molecular configurations (i.e., conformation, orientation, aggregation state, etc.). By observing the adsorption, diffusion, and desorption of individual fluorescent molecules, single-molecule tracking can characterize these types of heterogeneous interfacial behavior in ways that are inaccessible to traditional ensemble-averaged methods. Moreover, the fluorescence intensity or emission wavelength (in resonance energy transfer experiments) can be used to track the molecular configuration and simultaneously directly relate this to the resulting interfacial mobility or affinity. In this feature article, we review recent advances involving the use of single-molecule tracking to characterize heterogeneous molecule-surface interactions including multiple modes of diffusion and desorption associated with both internal and external molecular configuration, Arrhenius-activated interfacial transport, spatially dependent interactions, and many more.
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27
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Kastantin M, Schwartz DK. Distinguishing positional uncertainty from true mobility in single-molecule trajectories that exhibit multiple diffusive modes. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2012; 18:793-7. [PMID: 22849801 PMCID: PMC3410552 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927612000438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Although imperfect spatial localization in single-molecule object tracking experiments has long been recognized to induce apparent motion in an immobile population of molecules, this effect is often ignored or incorrectly analyzed for mobile molecules. In particular, apparent motion due to positional uncertainty is often incorrectly assigned as a distinct diffusive mode. Here we show that, due to both static and dynamic contributions, positional uncertainty does not introduce a new apparent diffusive mode into trajectories, but instead causes a systematic shift of each measured diffusion coefficient. This shift is relatively simple: a factor of σ²/Δt is added to each diffusion coefficient, where σ is the positional uncertainty length scale and Δt is the time interval between observations. Therefore, by calculating the apparent diffusion coefficients as a function of Δt, it is straightforward to separate the true diffusion coefficients from the effective positional uncertainty. As a concrete demonstration, we apply this approach to the diffusion of the protein fibrinogen adsorbed to a hydrophobic surface, a system that exhibits three distinct modes of diffusion.
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28
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Boll A, Jatho A, Czudnochowski N, Geyer M, Steinem C. Mechanistic insights into the translocation of full length HIV-1 Tat across lipid membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1808:2685-93. [PMID: 21819963 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 06/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of how full length Tat (aa 1-86) crosses artificial lipid membranes was elucidated by means of fluorescence spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy. It was shown that full length Tat (aa 1-86) neither forms pores in large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) nor in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) composed of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC). In contrast, an N-terminally truncated Tat protein (aa 35-86) that lacks the structurally defined proline- and cysteine-rich region as well as the highly conserved tryptophan residue at position 11 generates pores in artificial POPC-membranes, through which a water-soluble dye up to a size of 10kDa can pass. By means of fluorescence microscopy, the transfer of fluorescently labeled full length Tat across POPC-bilayers was unambiguously visualized with a concomitant accumulation of the protein in the membrane interface. However, if the dye was attached to the protein, also pore formation was induced. The size of the pores was, however smaller than the protein size, i.e. the labeled protein with a mass of 11.6kDa passed the membrane, while a fluorescent dye with a mass of 10kDa was excluded from the vesicles' interior. The results demonstrate that pore formation is not the prime mechanism by which full length Tat crosses a membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annegret Boll
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Tammannstr. 2, Göttingen, Germany
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29
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Srinivasan D, Muthukrishnan N, Johnson GA, Erazo-Oliveras A, Lim J, Simanek EE, Pellois JP. Conjugation to the cell-penetrating peptide TAT potentiates the photodynamic effect of carboxytetramethylrhodamine. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17732. [PMID: 21423812 PMCID: PMC3056768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) can transport macromolecular cargos into live cells. However, the cellular delivery efficiency of these reagents is often suboptimal because CPP-cargo conjugates typically remain trapped inside endosomes. Interestingly, irradiation of fluorescently labeled CPPs with light increases the release of the peptide and its cargos into the cytosol. However, the mechanism of this phenomenon is not clear. Here we investigate the molecular basis of the photo-induced endosomolytic activity of the prototypical CPPs TAT labeled to the fluorophore 5(6)-carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TMR). Methodology/Principal Findings We report that TMR-TAT acts as a photosensitizer that can destroy membranes. TMR-TAT escapes from endosomes after exposure to moderate light doses. However, this is also accompanied by loss of plasma membrane integrity, membrane blebbing, and cell-death. In addition, the peptide causes the destruction of cells when applied extracellularly and also triggers the photohemolysis of red blood cells. These photolytic and photocytotoxic effects were inhibited by hydrophobic singlet oxygen quenchers but not by hydrophilic quenchers. Conclusions/Significance Together, these results suggest that TAT can convert an innocuous fluorophore such as TMR into a potent photolytic agent. This effect involves the targeting of the fluorophore to cellular membranes and the production of singlet oxygen within the hydrophobic environment of the membranes. Our findings may be relevant for the design of reagents with photo-induced endosomolytic activity. The photocytotoxicity exhibited by TMR-TAT also suggests that CPP-chromophore conjugates could aid the development of novel Photodynamic Therapy agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyamani Srinivasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nandhini Muthukrishnan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gregory A. Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alfredo Erazo-Oliveras
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jongdoo Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Eric E. Simanek
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jean-Philippe Pellois
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Guo L, Smith-Dupont KB, Gai F. Diffusion as a probe of peptide-induced membrane domain formation. Biochemistry 2011; 50:2291-7. [PMID: 21332237 DOI: 10.1021/bi102068j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we have shown that association with an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) can drastically alter the diffusion behavior of the constituent lipids in model membranes (Biochemistry 49, 4672-4678). In particular, we found that the diffusion time of a tracer fluorescent lipid through a confocal volume measured via fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is distributed over a wide range of time scales, indicating the formation of stable and/or transient membrane species that have different mobilities. A simple estimate, however, suggested that the slow diffusing species are too large to be attributed to AMP oligomers or pores that are tightly bound to a small number of lipids. Thus, we tentatively ascribed them to membrane domains and/or clusters that possess distinctively different diffusion properties. In order to further substantiate our previous conjecture, herein we study the diffusion behavior of the membrane-bound peptide molecules using the same AMPs and model membranes. Our results show, in contrast to our previous findings, that the diffusion times of the membrane-bound peptides exhibit a much narrower distribution that is more similar to that of the lipids in peptide-free membranes. Thus, taken together, these results indicate that while AMP molecules prompt domain formation in membranes, they are not tightly associated with the lipid domains thus formed. Instead, they are likely located at the boundary regions separating various domains and acting as mobile fences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Rudat B, Birtalan E, Thomé I, Kölmel DK, Horhoiu VL, Wissert MD, Lemmer U, Eisler HJ, Balaban TS, Bräse S. Novel pyridinium dyes that enable investigations of peptoids at the single-molecule level. J Phys Chem B 2011; 114:13473-80. [PMID: 20923224 DOI: 10.1021/jp103308s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule microscopy is a powerful tool for investigating various uptake mechanisms of cell-penetrating biomolecules. A particularly interesting class of potential transporter molecules are peptoids. Fluorescence labels for such experiments need to comply with several physical, chemical, and biological requirements. Herein, we report the synthesis and photophysical investigation of new fluorescent pyridinium derived dyes. These fluorescent labels have advantageous structural variations and spacer units in order to avoid undesirable interactions with the labeled molecule and are able to easily functionalize biomolecules. In our case, cell-penetrating peptoids are successfully labeled on solid supports, and in ensemble measurements the photophysical properties of the dyes and the fluorescently labeled peptoids are investigated. Both fluorophores and peptoids are imaged at the single-molecule level in thin polymer gels. With respect to bleaching times and fluorescence lifetimes the dye molecules and the peptoids show only slightly perturbed optical behaviors. These investigations indicate that the new fluorophores fulfill well single-molecule microscopy and solid-phase synthesis requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Rudat
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Lee YJ, Johnson G, Pellois JP. Modeling of the endosomolytic activity of HA2-TAT peptides with red blood cells and ghosts. Biochemistry 2010; 49:7854-66. [PMID: 20704453 DOI: 10.1021/bi1008408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
HA2-TAT is a peptide-based delivery agent that combines the pH-sensitive HA2 fusion peptide from influenza and the cell-penetrating peptide TAT from HIV. This chimeric peptide is engineered to induce the cellular uptake of macromolecules into endosomes via the TAT moiety and to respond to the acidifying lumen of endosomes to cause membrane leakage and release of macromolecules into cells via the HA2 moiety. The question of how HA2 and TAT affect the properties of one another remains, however, unanswered, and the behavior of the peptide inside endosomes is mostly uncharacterized. To address these issues, the binding and membrane leakage activity of a glutamic acid-enriched analogue E5-TAT was assessed with red blood cells and giant unilamellar vesicles as membrane models for endosomes. Hemolysis and microscopy assays reveal that E5-TAT binds to membranes in a pH-dependent manner and causes membrane leakage by inducing the formation of pores through which macromolecules can escape. The TAT moiety contributes to this activity by causing a shift in the pH response of E5 and by binding to negatively charged phospholipids. On the other hand, TAT binding to glycosaminoglycans reduces the lytic activity of E5-TAT. Addition of TAT to the C-terminus of E5 can therefore either increase or inhibit the activity of E5 depending on the cellular components present at the membrane. Taken together, these results suggest a model for the endosomolytic activity of the peptide and provide the basis for the molecular design of future delivery agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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Ciobanasu C, Siebrasse JP, Kubitscheck U. Cell-penetrating HIV1 TAT peptides can generate pores in model membranes. Biophys J 2010; 99:153-62. [PMID: 20655843 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Revised: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides like the cationic human immunodeficiency virus-1 trans-acting activator of transcription (TAT) peptide have the capability to traverse cell membranes and to deliver large molecular cargoes into the cellular interior. We used optical sectioning and state-of-the-art single-molecule microscopy to examine the passive membrane permeation of fluorescently labeled TAT peptides across the membranes of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). In GUVs formed by phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol only, no translocation of TAT up to a concentration of 2 microM into the GUVs could be observed. At the same peptide concentration, but with 40 mol % of anionic phosphatidylserine in the membrane, rapid translocation of TAT peptides across the bilayers was detected. Efficient translocation of TAT peptides was observed across GUVs containing 20 mol % of phosphatidylethanolamine, which is known to induce a negative curvature into membranes. We discovered that TAT peptides are not only capable of penetrating membranes directly in a passive manner, but they were also able to form physical pores with sizes in the nanometer range, which could be passed by small dye tracer molecules. Lipid topology and anionic charge of the lipid bilayer are decisive parameters for pore formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Ciobanasu
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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34
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Heterogeneous diffusion of a membrane-bound pHLIP peptide. Biophys J 2010; 98:2914-22. [PMID: 20550904 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Revised: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lateral diffusion of cell membrane constituents is a prerequisite for many biological functions. However, the diffusivity (or mobility) of a membrane-bound species can be influenced by many factors. To provide a better understanding of how the conformation and location of a membrane-bound biological molecule affect its mobility, herein we study the diffusion properties of a pH low insertion peptide (pHLIP) in model membranes using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. It is found that when the pHLIP peptide is located on the membrane surface, its lateral diffusion is characterized by a distribution of diffusion times, the characteristic of which depends on the peptide/lipid ratio. Whereas, under conditions where pHLIP adopts a well-defined transmembrane alpha-helical conformation the peptide still exhibits heterogeneous diffusion, the distribution of diffusion times is found to be independent of the peptide/lipid ratio. Taken together, these results indicate that the mobility of a membrane-bound species is sensitive to its conformation and location and that diffusion measurement could provide useful information regarding the conformational distribution of membrane-bound peptides. Furthermore, the observation that the mobility of a membrane-bound species depends on its concentration may have important implications for diffusion-controlled reactions taking place in membranes.
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Nygren P, Lundqvist M, Liedberg B, Jonsson BH, Ederth T. Secondary structure in de novo designed peptides induced by electrostatic interaction with a lipid bilayer membrane. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:6437-6448. [PMID: 20349970 DOI: 10.1021/la100027n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We show that it is possible to induce a defined secondary structure in de novo designed peptides upon electrostatic attachment to negatively charged lipid bilayer vesicles without partitioning of the peptides into the membrane, and that the secondary structure can be varied via small changes in the primary amino acid sequence of the peptides. The peptides have a random-coil conformation in solution, and results from far-UV circular dichroism spectroscopy demonstrate that the structure induced by the interaction with silica nanoparticles is solely alpha-helical and also strongly pH-dependent. The present study shows that negatively charged vesicles, to which the peptides are electrostatically adsorbed via cationic amino acid residues, induce either alpha-helices or beta-sheets and that the conformation is dependent on both lipid composition and variations in peptide primary structure. The pH-dependence of the vesicle-induced peptide secondary structure is weak, which correlates well with small differences in the vesicles' electrophoretic mobility, and thus the surface charge, as the pH is varied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Nygren
- Division of Molecular Physics, IFM, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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