1
|
Duan M, Li K, Zhang L, Zhou Y, Bian L, Wang C. Screening, characterization and specific binding mechanism of aptamers against human plasminogen Kringle 5. Bioorg Chem 2023; 137:106579. [PMID: 37149949 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plasminogen Kringle 5 is one of the most potent cytokines identified to inhibit the proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells. Herein, six aptamer candidates that specifically bind to Kringle 5 were generated by the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). After 10 rounds of screening against Kringle 5, a highly enriched ssDNA pool was sequenced and the representative aptamers were subjected to binding assays to evaluate their affinity and specificity. The preferred aptamer KG-4, which demonstrated a low dissociation constant (Kd) of ∼ 432 nM and excellent selectivity for Kringle 5. A conserved "motif" of eight bases located at the stem-loop intersection, common to the aptamer, was further confirmed as the recognition element for binding with Kringle 5. The bulge formed by the motif and depression on the lysine binding site of Kringle 5 were both located at the binding interface, and the "induced fit" between their structures played a central role in the recognition process. Kringle 5 interacts KG-4 primarily through enthalpy-driven van der Waals forces and hydrogen bond. The key nucleotides A34 and C35 at motif on KG-4 and the positively charged amino acids in the loop 1 and loop 4 regions on Kringle 5 play a major role in the interaction. Furthermore, KG-4 dose-dependently reduced the proliferation inhibition of vascular endothelial cells by Kringle 5 and had a blocking effect on the function of Kringle 5 in inhibiting migration and promoting apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells in vitro. This study put a new light on protein-aptamer binding mechanism and may provide insight into the treatment of ischemic diseases by target depletion of Kringle 5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meijiao Duan
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kewei Li
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaqi Zhou
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liujiao Bian
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Cuiling Wang
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kolodziejczyk-Czepas J, Czepas J. Plant-Derived Compounds and Extracts as Modulators of Plasmin Activity-A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041677. [PMID: 36838662 PMCID: PMC9965408 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Functionality of the fibrinolytic system is based on activity of its central enzyme, plasmin, responsible for the removal of fibrin clots. Besides the hemostasis, fibrinolytic proteins are also involved in many other physiological and pathological processes, including immune response, extracellular matrix degradation, cell migration, and tissue remodeling. Both the impaired and enhanced activity of fibrinolytic proteins may result in serious physiological consequences: prothrombotic state or excessive bleeding, respectively. However, current medicine offers very few options for treating fibrinolytic disorders, particularly in the case of plasmin inhibition. Although numerous attempts have been undertaken to identify natural or to develop engineered fibrinolytic system modulators, structural similarities within serine proteases of the hemostatic system and pleiotropic activity of fibrinolytic proteins constitute a serious problem in discovering anti- or profibrinolytic agents that could precisely affect the target molecules and reduce the risk of side effects. Therefore, this review aims to present a current knowledge of various classes of natural inhibitors and stimulators of the fibrinolytic system being well-defined low-molecular plant secondary metabolites or constituents of plant extracts as well as plant peptides. This work also discusses obstacles caused by low specificity of most of natural compounds and, hence, outlines recent trends in studies aimed at finding more efficient modulators of plasmin activity, including investigation of modifications of natural pharmacophore templates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kolodziejczyk-Czepas
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Jan Czepas
- Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang J, Wang Z, Wang J, Zhang R, Dong X, Bian L. Investigation of binding mechanism for human plasminogen Kringle 5 with its potential receptor vWA1 domain in Cochlin by bio-specific technologies and molecular dynamic simulation. Bioorg Chem 2022; 127:105989. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
4
|
Zhang J, Wang K, Xue P, Chen X, Bian L. Molecular recognition and interaction between human plasminogen Kringle 5 and voltage-dependent anion channel-1 by biological specificity technologies and molecular dynamic simulation. Biophys Chem 2021; 280:106710. [PMID: 34741992 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2021.106710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-dependent anion channel-l (VDAC-1) can bind with plasminogen Kringle 5 as the cell surface receptor and induce cell apoptosis, but the detailed information of binding is not clear yet. Thus, the mutual recognition and binding were investigated here utilizing frontal affinity chromatography, surface plasma resonance, mutation analysis combining molecular dynamics simulation. The results showed that Kringle 5 binds with VDAC-1 in equimolar driven mainly by electrostatic force, with 15 amino acid residues participating in Kringle 5 and 21 in VDAC-1. The observed conformational changes indicated the automatic structure regulation providing these two proteins suitable conformations and spatial surroundings for the tighter and stabler binding. Moreover, Glu29 in Kringle 5 was speculated as the key residue maintaining the largest energy contribution. Therefore, this work provided precise information for the recognition and binding of Kringle 5 with VDAC-1 that is valuable for the corresponding treatment of tumours or other angiogenic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Kun Wang
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Pengli Xue
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xiu Chen
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Liujiao Bian
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Patthy L. Miguel Llinás and the Structure of the Kringle Fold. Protein J 2021; 40:450-453. [PMID: 33791899 PMCID: PMC8373733 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-021-09981-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Patthy
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
In Vitro Study of the Fibrinolytic Activity via Single Chain Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator and Molecular Docking of FGFC1. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071816. [PMID: 33804930 PMCID: PMC8036777 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi fibrinolytic compound 1 (FGFC1) is a rare marine-derived compound that can enhance fibrinolysis both in vitro and in vivo. The fibrinolytic activity characterization of FGFC1 mediated by plasminogen (Glu-/Lys-) and a single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (pro-uPA) was further evaluated. The binding sites and mode of binding between FGFC1 and plasminogen were investigated by means of a combination of in vitro experiments and molecular docking. A 2.2-fold enhancement of fibrinolytic activity was achieved at 0.096 mM FGFC1, whereas the inhibition of fibrinolytic activity occurred when the FGFC1 concentration was above 0.24 mM. The inhibition of fibrinolytic activity of FGFC1 by 6-aminohexanoic acid (EACA) and tranexamic acid (TXA) together with the docking results revealed that the lysine-binding sites (LBSs) play a crucial role in the process of FGFC1 binding to plasminogen. The action mechanism of FGFC1 binding to plasminogen was inferred, and FGFC1 was able to induce plasminogen to exhibit an open conformation by binding through the LBSs. The molecular docking results showed that docking of ligands (EACA, FGFC1) with receptors (KR1–KR5) mainly occurred through hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions. In addition, the binding affinity values of EACA to KR1–KR5 were −5.2, −4.3, −3.7, −4.5, and −4.3 kcal/moL, respectively, and those of FGFC1 to KR1–KR5 were −7.4, −9.0, −6.3, −8.3, and −6.7 kcal/moL, respectively. The findings demonstrate that both EACA and FGFC1 bound to KR1–KR5 with moderately high affinity. This study could provide a theoretical basis for the clinical pharmacology of FGFC1 and establish a foundation for practical applications of FGFC1.
Collapse
|
7
|
Hasumi K, Suzuki E. Impact of SMTP Targeting Plasminogen and Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase on Thrombolysis, Inflammation, and Ischemic Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:954. [PMID: 33477998 PMCID: PMC7835936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stachybotrys microspora triprenyl phenol (SMTP) is a large family of small molecules derived from the fungus S. microspora. SMTP acts as a zymogen modulator (specifically, plasminogen modulator) that alters plasminogen conformation to enhance its binding to fibrin and subsequent fibrinolysis. Certain SMTP congeners exert anti-inflammatory effects by targeting soluble epoxide hydrolase. SMTP congeners with both plasminogen modulation activity and anti-inflammatory activity ameliorate various aspects of ischemic stroke in rodents and primates. A remarkable feature of SMTP efficacy is the suppression of hemorrhagic transformation, which is exacerbated by conventional thrombolytic treatments. No drug with such properties has been developed yet, and SMTP would be the first to promote thrombolysis but suppress disease-associated bleeding. On the basis of these findings, one SMTP congener is under clinical study and development. This review summarizes the discovery, mechanism of action, pharmacological activities, and development of SMTP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Hasumi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan;
- Division of Research and Development, TMS Co., Ltd., Tokyo 183-0023, Japan
| | - Eriko Suzuki
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kapustianenko LG, Grinenko TV, Rebriev AV, Yusova OI, Tykhomyrov AA. Identification of the binding site for plasminogen kringle 5 in the ?-chain of fibrin(ogen) D-fragment. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj92.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
9
|
Ma X, Liu B, Yang J, Hu K. Solution structure, dynamics and function investigation of Kringle domain of human receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:2229-2239. [PMID: 31232192 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1635914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) has been recently proposed as a potential target for cancer treatment. It was suggested that monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against the Kringle (KNG) domain of ROR1 could induce apoptosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Here, we reported the determination of the solution structure of human ROR1-KNG (hROR1-KNG), investigation of its dynamic properties and potential binding interface by NMR spectroscopy. The obtained NMR structure of hROR1-KNG exhibits an open form at Asn47-His50 and shows obvious differences from other canonical KNGs at the corresponding lysine binding site, which implies that hROR1-KNG may interact with some non-canonical ligands. Dynamics analysis of hROR1-KNG reveal a faster local motion around the α-turn and 310-helix, which may provide flexibility to protect the proximal hydrophobic core in solution or facilitate the binding of other molecules. The intermediate-to-slow conformational exchange of Cys77-Ile79 may influence the conformation determination of disulfide bond Cys53-Cys77. Binding interface of hROR1-KNG for mAb R11 was analyzed and compared with the epitope for the functional mAbs. Previous study implies that hROR1-KNG may be involved in mediating the heterooligomerization between ROR1 and ROR2 in vivo. However, apparently, no direct interaction between hROR1-KNG and hROR2-KNG was observed from chemical shift perturbation experiment. Our work lays foundation to further functional study on interactions of hROR1-KNG with other biological relevant partners.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaifeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ma X, Zhang Y, Liu B, Yang J, Hu K. Backbone and side-chain chemical shift assignments of the kringle domain of human receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1). BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2018; 12:145-148. [PMID: 29313214 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-017-9797-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) expresses at high level in many cancers and has been suggested as a potential therapeutic target. It was reported that the Kringle (KNG) domain of ROR1 extracellular region is involved in ROR1/ROR2 heterooligomerization. Monoantibodies that target KNG domain of ROR1 could induce apoptosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Here we present the backbone and side chain assignments of KNG domain of ROR1, which lays a foundation for its further structural and function research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of TCM, No. 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kaifeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mechanism of the action of SMTP-7, a novel small-molecule modulator of plasminogen activation. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2015; 25:316-21. [PMID: 24784315 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
SMTP-7 is a small molecule that promotes the proteolytic activation of plasminogen by relaxing its conformation. SMTP-7 has excellent therapeutic activities against thrombotic stroke in several rodent models. The objective of this study was to elucidate detailed mechanism of the action of SMTP-7 in vitro. We report here that the action of SMTP-7 requires a cofactor with a long-chain alkyl or alkenyl group, and that the fifth kringle domain (kringle 5) of plasminogen is involved in the SMTP-7 action. In this study, we found that the SMTP-7 action to enhance plasminogen activation depended on the presence of a certain type of surfactant, and we screened biologically relevant molecules for their cofactor activity for the SMTP action. As a result, phospholipids, sphingolipids, and oleic acid were found to be active in assisting the SMTP-7 action. On the contrary, stearic acid and bile acids were inactive. Thus, a certain structural element, not only the surface-activating potential, is required for a compound to act as a cofactor for the SMTP-7 action. The plasminogen molecule consists of a PAN domain, five kringle domains, and a serine protease domain. The cofactor-dependent effects of SMTP-7 was observed with plasminogen species including kringle 5 such as intact plasminogen (Glu-plasminogen), des-PAN plasminogen (Lys-plasminogen), and des-[PAN - (kringles 1-4)] plasminogen (mini-plasminogen). However, SMTP-7 effect was not observed with the smallest plasminogen species des-[PAN - (kringles 1-4) and a half of kringle 5)] plasminogen (micro-plasminogen). Thus, kringle 5 is crucial for the action of SMTP-7.
Collapse
|
12
|
Binding of angiogenesis inhibitor kringle 5 to its specific ligands by frontal affinity chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1401:42-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
13
|
Moroy G, Bourguet E, Decarme M, Sapi J, Alix AJP, Hornebeck W, Lorimier S. Inhibition of human leukocyte elastase, plasmin and matrix metalloproteinases by oleic acid and oleoyl-galardin derivative(s). Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 81:626-35. [PMID: 21146503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Molecular modeling was undertaken at aims to analyze the interactions between oleic acid and human leukocyte elastase (HLE), plasmin and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), involved in the inhibitory capacity of fatty acid towards those proteases. The carboxylic acid group of the fatty acid was found to form a salt bridge with Arg(217) of HLE while unsaturation interacted with Phe(192) and Val(216) at the S(3) subsite, and alkyl end group occupied S(1) subsite. In keeping with the main contribution of kringle 5 domain in plasmin-oleic acid interaction [Huet E et al. Biochem Pharmacol 2004;67(4):643-54], docking computations revealed that the long alkyl chain of fatty acid inserted within an hydrophobic groove of this domain with the carboxylate forming a salt bridge with Arg(512). Finally, blind docking revealed that oleic acid could occupy both S'(1) subsite and Fn(II)(3) domain of MMP-2. Several residues involved in Fn(II)(3)/oleic acid interaction were similarly implicated in binding of this domain to collagen. Oleic acid was covalently linked to galardin (at P'(2) position): OL-GAL (CONHOH) or to its carboxylic acid counterpart: OL-GAL (COOH), with the idea to obtain potent MMP inhibitors able to also interfere with elastase and plasmin activity. OL-GALs were found less potent MMP inhibitors as compared to galardin and no selectivity for MMP-2 or MMP-9 could be demonstrated. Docking computations indicated that contrary to oleic acid, OL-GAL binds only to MMP-2 active site and surprisingly, hydroxamic acid was unable to chelate Zn, but instead forms a salt bridge with the N-terminal Tyr(110). Interestingly, oleic acid and particularly OL-GALs proved to potently inhibit MMP-13. OL-GAL was found as potent as galardin (K(i) equal to 1.8nM for OL-GAL and 1.45nM for GAL) and selectivity for that MMP was attained (2-3 log orders of difference in inhibitory potency as compared to other MMPs). Molecular modeling studies indicated that oleic acid could be accommodated within S'(1) pocket of MMP-13 with carboxylic acid chelating Zn ion. OL-GAL also occupied such pocket but hydroxamic acid did not interact with Zn but instead was located at 2.8Å from Tyr(176). Since these derivatives retained, as their oleic acid original counterpart, the capacity to inhibit the amidolytic activity of HLE and plasmin as well as to decrease HLE- and plasmin-mediated pro MMP-3 activation, they might be of therapeutic value to control proteolytic cascades in chronic inflammatory disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gautier Moroy
- Université Paris Diderot, Molécules thérapeutiques in silico, INSERM UMR-S-973, Bât. Lamarck, 35 rue Hélène Brion, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hasumi K, Yamamichi S, Harada T. Small-molecule modulators of zymogen activation in the fibrinolytic and coagulation systems. FEBS J 2010; 277:3675-87. [PMID: 20718867 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07783.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The coagulation and fibrinolytic systems are central to the hemostatic mechanism, which works promptly on vascular injury and tissue damage. The rapid response is generated by specific molecular interactions between components in these systems. Thus, the regulation mechanism of the systems is programmed in each component, as exemplified by the elegant processes in zymogen activation. This review describes recently identified small molecules that modulate the activation of zymogens in the fibrinolytic and coagulation systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Hasumi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo Noko University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Christen MT, Frank P, Schaller J, Llinás M. Human Plasminogen Kringle 3: Solution Structure, Functional Insights, Phylogenetic Landscape,. Biochemistry 2010; 49:7131-50. [DOI: 10.1021/bi100687f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin T. Christen
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Pascal Frank
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Johann Schaller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Miguel Llinás
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang M, Prorok M, Castellino FJ. NMR backbone dynamics of VEK-30 bound to the human plasminogen kringle 2 domain. Biophys J 2010; 99:302-12. [PMID: 20655859 PMCID: PMC2895381 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Revised: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To gain insights into the mechanisms for the tight and highly specific interaction of the kringle 2 domain of human plasminogen (K2(Pg)) with a 30-residue internal peptide (VEK-30) from a group A streptococcal M-like protein, the dynamic properties of free and bound K2(Pg) and VEK-30 were investigated using backbone amide (15)N-NMR relaxation measurements. Dynamic parameters, namely the generalized order parameter, S(2), the local correlation time, tau(e), and the conformational exchange contribution, R(ex), were obtained for this complex by Lipari-Szabo model-free analysis. The results show that VEK-30 displays distinctly different dynamic behavior as a consequence of binding to K2(Pg), manifest by decreased backbone flexibility, particularly at the binding region of the peptide. In contrast, the backbone dynamics parameters of K2(Pg) displayed similar patterns in the free and bound forms, but, nonetheless, showed interesting differences. Based on our previous structure-function studies of this interaction, we also made comparisons of the VEK-30/K2(Pg) dynamics results from different kringle modules complexed with small lysine analogs. The differences in dynamics observed for kringles with different ligands provide what we believe to be new insights into the interactions responsible for protein-ligand recognition and a better understanding of the differences in binding affinity and binding specificity of kringle domains with various ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francis J. Castellino
- W. M. Keck Center for Transgene and the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| |
Collapse
|