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Kurosawa T, Tega Y, Uchida Y, Higuchi K, Tabata H, Sumiyoshi T, Kubo Y, Terasaki T, Deguchi Y. Proteomics-Based Transporter Identification by the PICK Method: Involvement of TM7SF3 and LHFPL6 in Proton-Coupled Organic Cation Antiport at the Blood-Brain Barrier. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081683. [PMID: 36015309 PMCID: PMC9413594 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A proton-coupled organic cation (H+/OC) antiporter working at the blood–brain barrier (BBB) in humans and rodents is thought to be a promising candidate for the efficient delivery of cationic drugs to the brain. Therefore, it is important to identify the molecular entity that exhibits this activity. Here, for this purpose, we established the Proteomics-based Identification of transporter by Crosslinking substrate in Keyhole (PICK) method, which combines photo-affinity labeling with comprehensive proteomics analysis using SWATH-MS. Using preselected criteria, the PICK method generated sixteen candidate proteins. From these, knockdown screening in hCMEC/D3 cells, an in vitro BBB model, identified two proteins, TM7SF3 and LHFPL6, as candidates for the H+/OC antiporter. We synthesized a novel H+/OC antiporter substrate for functional analysis of TM7SF3 and LHFPL6 in hCMEC/D3 cells and HEK293 cells. The results suggested that both TM7SF3 and LHFPL6 are components of the H+/OC antiporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Kurosawa
- Laboratory of Drug Disposition and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Yuma Tega
- Laboratory of Drug Disposition and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Yasuo Uchida
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.U.); (Y.D.); Tel.: +81-22-795-6832 (Y.U.); +81-3-3964-8246 (Y.D.)
| | - Kei Higuchi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Hidetsugu Tabata
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Takaaki Sumiyoshi
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kubo
- Laboratory of Drug Disposition and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Terasaki
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Deguchi
- Laboratory of Drug Disposition and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.U.); (Y.D.); Tel.: +81-22-795-6832 (Y.U.); +81-3-3964-8246 (Y.D.)
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Depaoli MR, Hay JC, Graier WF, Malli R. The enigmatic ATP supply of the endoplasmic reticulum. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 94:610-628. [PMID: 30338910 PMCID: PMC6446729 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a functionally and morphologically complex cellular organelle largely responsible for a variety of crucial functions, including protein folding, maturation and degradation. Furthermore, the ER plays an essential role in lipid biosynthesis, dynamic Ca2+ storage, and detoxification. Malfunctions in ER‐related processes are responsible for the genesis and progression of many diseases, such as heart failure, cancer, neurodegeneration and metabolic disorders. To fulfill many of its vital functions, the ER relies on a sufficient energy supply in the form of adenosine‐5′‐triphosphate (ATP), the main cellular energy source. Despite landmark discoveries and clarification of the functional principles of ER‐resident proteins and key ER‐related processes, the mechanism underlying ER ATP transport remains somewhat enigmatic. Here we summarize ER‐related ATP‐consuming processes and outline our knowledge about the nature and function of the ER energy supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R Depaoli
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jesse C Hay
- Division of Biological Sciences and Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, The University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, HS410, Missoula, MT 59812-4824, U.S.A
| | - Wolfgang F Graier
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Malli
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Li Y, Cappello AR, Muto L, Martello E, Madeo M, Curcio R, Lunetti P, Raho S, Zaffino F, Frattaruolo L, Lappano R, Malivindi R, Maggiolini M, Aiello D, Piazzolla C, Capobianco L, Fiermonte G, Dolce V. Functional characterization of the partially purified Sac1p independent adenine nucleotide transport system (ANTS) from yeast endoplasmic reticulum. J Biochem 2018; 164:313-322. [PMID: 29893873 PMCID: PMC7109914 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvy054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Several ATP-depending reactions take place in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Although in Saccharomyces cerevisiae ER the existence of a Sac1p-dependent ATP transport system was already known, its direct involvement in ATP transport was excluded. Here we report an extensive biochemical characterization of a partially purified adenine nucleotide transport system (ANTS) not dependent on Sac1p. Highly purified ER membranes from the wild-type and Δsac1 yeast strains reconstituted into liposomes transported ATP with the same efficiency. A chromatography on hydroxyapatite was used to partially purify ANTS from Δsac1 ER extract. The two ANTS-enriched transport activity eluted fractions showed essentially the presence of four bands, one having an apparent MW of 56 kDa, similar to that observed for ANTS identified in rat liver ER. The two fractions reconstituted into liposomes efficiently transported, by a strict counter-exchange mechanism, ATP and ADP. ATP transport was saturable with a Km of 0.28 mM. The ATP/ADP exchange mechanism and the kinetic constants suggest that the main physiological role of ANTS is to catalyse the transport of ATP into ER, where it is used in several energy-requiring reactions and to export back to the cytosol the ADP produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Cappello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Luigina Muto
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Emanuela Martello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Marianna Madeo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Rosita Curcio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Paola Lunetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Susanna Raho
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Zaffino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Luca Frattaruolo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Lappano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Rocco Malivindi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Marcello Maggiolini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Donatella Aiello
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Carmela Piazzolla
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Loredana Capobianco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fiermonte
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenza Dolce
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
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Ishii Y, An K, Nishimura Y, Yamada H. ATP serves as an endogenous inhibitor of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT): a new insight into the latency of UGT. Drug Metab Dispos 2012; 40:2081-9. [PMID: 22851616 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.112.046862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have suggested that adenine-related compounds are allosteric inhibitors of UGT in rat liver microsomes (RLM) treated with detergent. To clarify whether the same occurs with a pore-forming peptide, alamethicin, the effects of adenine-related compounds on 4-metylumbelliferone (4-MU) glucuronidation were examined using RLM and human liver microsomes (HLM). ATP inhibited 4-MU glucuronidation when polyoxyethylene cetyl alcohol ether (Brij-58)-treated RLM were used (IC(50) = approximately 70 μM). However, alamethicin-treated RLM exhibited a lower susceptibility (IC(50) = approximately 460 μM) than Brij-58-treated RLM. A similar phenomenon was observed when pooled HLM were used. Then, the endogenous ATP content of RLM was determined in the presence and absence of alamethicin or detergent, and although no ATP remained in the microsomal pellets after Brij-58 treatment, more than half of the microsomal ATP remained even after treatment with alamethicin. Furthermore, the V(max) in the absence of an adenine-related compound was approximately three times higher in Brij-58-treated than in alamethicin-treated RLM. The difference in the inhibitory potency observed was due to the difference in remaining endogenous ATP and the accessibility of exogenous ATP to the luminal side of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where the active site of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) is located. Gefitinib (Iressa), a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, markedly inhibited human UGT1A9 activity. It is interesting to note that AMP antagonized Gefitinib-provoked inhibition of UGT1A9, and ATP exhibited an additive inhibitory effect at a lower concentration. Therefore, Gefitinib inhibits UGT1A9 at the common ATP-binding site shared with ATP and AMP. Releasing adenine nucleotide from the ER is suggested to be one of the mechanisms that explain the "latency" of UGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Ishii
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Simmen T, Lynes EM, Gesson K, Thomas G. Oxidative protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum: tight links to the mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2010; 1798:1465-73. [PMID: 20430008 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Revised: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The production of secretory proteins at the ER (endoplasmic reticulum) depends on a ready supply of energy and metabolites as well as the close monitoring of the chemical conditions that favor oxidative protein folding. ER oxidoreductases and chaperones fold nascent proteins into their export-competent three-dimensional structure. Interference with these protein folding enzymes leads to the accumulation of unfolded proteins within the ER lumen, causing an acute organellar stress that triggers the UPR (unfolded protein response). The UPR increases the transcription of ER chaperones commensurate with the load of newly synthesized proteins and can protect the cell from ER stress. Persistant stress, however, can force the UPR to commit cells to undergo apoptotic cell death, which requires the emptying of ER calcium stores. Conversely, a continuous ebb and flow of calcium occurs between the ER and mitochondria during resting conditions on a domain of the ER that forms close contacts with mitochondria, the MAM (mitochondria-associated membrane). On the MAM, ER folding chaperones such as calnexin and calreticulin and oxidoreductases such as ERp44, ERp57 and Ero1alpha regulate calcium flux from the ER through reversible, calcium and redox-dependent interactions with IP3Rs (inositol 1,4,5-trisphophate receptors) and with SERCAs (sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPases). During apoptosis progression and depending on the identity of the ER chaperone and oxidoreductase, these interactions increase or decrease, suggesting that the extent of MAM targeting of ER chaperones and oxidoreductases could shift the readout of ER-mitochondria calcium exchange from housekeeping to apoptotic. However, little is known about the cytosolic factors that mediate the on/off interactions between ER chaperones and oxidoreductases with ER calcium channels and pumps. One candidate regulator is the multi-functional molecule PACS-2 (phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein-2). Recent studies suggest that PACS-2 mediates localization of a mobile pool of calnexin to the MAM in addition to regulating homeostatic ER calcium signaling as well as MAM integrity. Together, these findings suggest that cytosolic, membrane and lumenal proteins combine to form a two-way switch that determines the rate of protein secretion by providing ions and metabolites and that appears to participate in the pro-apoptotic ER-mitochondria calcium transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Simmen
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, School of Molecular and Systems Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Csala M, Marcolongo P, Lizák B, Senesi S, Margittai E, Fulceri R, Magyar JE, Benedetti A, Bánhegyi G. Transport and transporters in the endoplasmic reticulum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2007; 1768:1325-41. [PMID: 17466261 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2007.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2006] [Revised: 03/08/2007] [Accepted: 03/15/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme activities localized in the luminal compartment of the endoplasmic reticulum are integrated into the cellular metabolism by transmembrane fluxes of their substrates, products and/or cofactors. Most compounds involved are bulky, polar or even charged; hence, they cannot be expected to diffuse through lipid bilayers. Accordingly, transport processes investigated so far have been found protein-mediated. The selective and often rate-limiting transport processes greatly influence the activity, kinetic features and substrate specificity of the corresponding luminal enzymes. Therefore, the phenomenological characterization of endoplasmic reticulum transport contributes largely to the understanding of the metabolic functions of this organelle. Attempts to identify the transporter proteins have only been successful in a few cases, but recent development in molecular biology promises a better progress in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Csala
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Shin SJ, Lee WK, Lim HW, Park J. Characterization of the ATP transporter in the reconstituted rough endoplasmic reticulum proteoliposomes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1468:55-62. [PMID: 11018651 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(00)00241-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) transporter from rat liver rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) was solubilized and reconstituted into phosphatidylcholine liposomes. The RER proteoliposomes, resulting from optimizing some reconstitution parameters, had an apparent K(m) value of 1.5 microM and a V(max) of 286 pmol min(-1) (mg protein)(-1) and showed higher affinity for ATP and a lower V(max) value than intact RER (K(m) of 6.5 microM and V(max) of 1 nmol). ATP transport was time- and temperature-dependent, inhibited by 4, 4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid, which is known as an inhibitor of anion transporters including ATP transporter, but was not affected by atractyloside, a specific inhibitor of mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier. The internal and external effects of various nucleotides on the ATP transport were examined. ATP transport was cis-inhibited strongly by ADP and weakly by AMP. ADP-preloaded RER proteoliposomes showed a specific increase of ATP transport activity while AMP-preloaded RER proteoliposomes did not show the enhanced overshoot peak in the ATP uptake plot. These results demonstrate the ADP/ATP antiport mechanism of ATP transport in rat liver RER.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Shin
- Center for Molecular Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Shillim-dong, San 56-1, Kwanak-ku, 151-742, Seoul, South Korea
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Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a major protein folding compartment for secreted, plasma membrane and organelle proteins. Each of these newly-synthesized polypeptides folds in a deterministic process, affected by the unique conditions that exist in the ER. An understanding of protein folding in the ER is a fundamental biomolecular challenge at two levels. The first level addresses how the amino acid sequence programs that polypeptide to efficiently arrive at a particular fold out of a multitude of alternatives, and how different sequences obtain similar folds. At the second level are the issues introduced by folding not in the cytosol, but in the ER, including the risk of aggregation in a molecularly crowded environment, accommodation of post-translational modifications and the compatibility with subsequent intracellular trafficking. This review discusses both the physicochemical and cell biological constraints of folding, which are the challenges that the ER molecular chaperones help overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Stevens
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Lab, IL 60439, USA
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Hirschberg CB, Robbins PW, Abeijon C. Transporters of nucleotide sugars, ATP, and nucleotide sulfate in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Annu Rev Biochem 1998; 67:49-69. [PMID: 9759482 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The lumens of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus are the subcellular sites where glycosylation, sulfation, and phosphorylation of secretory and membrane-bound proteins, proteoglycans, and lipids occur. Nucleotide sugars, nucleotide sulfate, and ATP are substrates for these reactions. ATP is also used as an energy source in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum during protein folding and degradation. The above nucleotide derivatives and ATP must first be translocated across the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum and/or Golgi apparatus before they can serve as substrates in the above lumenal reactions. Translocation of the above solutes is mediated for highly specific transporters, which are antiporters with the corresponding nucleoside monophosphates as shown by biochemical and genetic approaches. Mutants in mammals, yeast, and protozoa showed that a defect in a specific translocator activity results in selective impairments of the above posttranslational modifications, including loss of virulence of pathogenic protozoa. Several of these transporters have been purified and cloned. Experiments with yeast and mammalian cells demonstrate that these transporters play a regulatory role in the above reactions. Future studies will address the structure of the above proteins, how they are targeted to different organelles, their potential as drug targets, their role during development, and the possible occurrence of specific diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Hirschberg
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Massachusetts 02118-2392, USA
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Hauri H, Schweizer A. The
ER
–Golgi Membrane System: Compartmental Organization and Protein Traffic. Compr Physiol 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.cp140115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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