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Paul S, Verma S, Chen YC. Peptide Dendrimer-Based Antibacterial Agents: Synthesis and Applications. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1034-1055. [PMID: 38428037 PMCID: PMC11019562 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria cause the deaths of millions of people every year. With the development of antibiotics, hundreds and thousands of people's lives have been saved. Nevertheless, bacteria can develop resistance to antibiotics, rendering them insensitive to antibiotics over time. Peptides containing specific amino acids can be used as antibacterial agents; however, they can be easily degraded by proteases in vivo. To address these issues, branched peptide dendrimers are now being considered as good antibacterial agents due to their high efficacy, resistance to protease degradation, and low cytotoxicity. The ease with which peptide dendrimers can be synthesized and modified makes them accessible for use in various biological and nonbiological fields. That is, peptide dendrimers hold a promising future as antibacterial agents with prolonged efficacy without bacterial resistance development. Their in vivo stability and multivalence allow them to effectively target multi-drug-resistant strains and prevent biofilm formation. Thus, it is interesting to have an overview of the development and applications of peptide dendrimers in antibacterial research, including the possibility of employing machine learning approaches for the design of AMPs and dendrimers. This review summarizes the synthesis and applications of peptide dendrimers as antibacterial agents. The challenges and perspectives of using peptide dendrimers as the antibacterial agents are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchita Paul
- Institute
of Semiconductor Technology, National Yang
Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Verma
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Gangwal
School of Medical Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yu-Chie Chen
- Institute
of Semiconductor Technology, National Yang
Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming
Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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2
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Amorim-Carmo B, Parente AMS, Souza ES, Silva-Junior AA, Araújo RM, Fernandes-Pedrosa MF. Antimicrobial Peptide Analogs From Scorpions: Modifications and Structure-Activity. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:887763. [PMID: 35712354 PMCID: PMC9197468 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.887763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of multidrug-resistant pathogens against conventional antibiotics is a global public health problem. The irrational use of antibiotics has promoted therapeutic limitations against different infections, making research of new molecules that can be applied to treat infections necessary. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a class of promising antibiotic molecules as they present broad action spectrum, potent activity, and do not easily induce resistance. Several AMPs from scorpion venoms have been described as a potential source for the development of new drugs; however, some limitations to their application are also observed. Here, we describe strategies used in several approaches to optimize scorpion AMPs, addressing their primary sequence, biotechnological potential, and characteristics that should be considered when developing an AMP derived from scorpion venoms. In addition, this review may contribute towards improving the understanding of rationally designing new molecules, targeting functional AMPs that may have a therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Amorim-Carmo
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do North, Natal, Brazil
| | - Adriana M. S. Parente
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do North, Natal, Brazil
| | - Eden S. Souza
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Arnóbio A. Silva-Junior
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do North, Natal, Brazil
| | - Renata M. Araújo
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do North, Natal, Brazil
| | - Matheus F. Fernandes-Pedrosa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do North, Natal, Brazil
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3
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Hadianamrei R, Wang J, Brown S, Zhao X. Rationally designed cationic amphiphilic peptides for selective gene delivery to cancer cells. Int J Pharm 2022; 617:121619. [PMID: 35218898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy has gained increasing attention as an alternative to pharmacotherapy for treatment of various diseases. The extracellular and intracellular barriers to gene delivery necessitate the use of gene vectors which has led to the development of myriads of gene delivery systems. However, many of these gene delivery systems have pitfalls such as low biocompatibility, low loading efficiency, low transfection efficiency, lack of tissue selectivity and high production costs. Herein, we report the development of a new series of short cationic amphiphilic peptides with anticancer activity for selective delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) to cancer cells. The peptides consist of alternating dyads of hydrophobic (isoleucine (I) or leucine (L)) and hydrophilic (arginine (R) or lysine (L)) amino acids. The peptides exhibited higher preference for transfection of HCT 116 colorectal cancer cells compared to human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and induced higher level of gene silencing in the cancer cells. The nucleic acid complexation and transfection efficiency of the peptides was a function of their secondary structure, their hydrophobicity and their C-terminal amino acid. The peptides containing L in their hydrophobic domain formed stronger complexes with siRNA and successfully delivered it to the cancer cells but were unable to release their cargo inside the cells and therefore could not induce any gene silencing. On the contrary, the peptides containing I in their hydrophobic domain were able to release their associated siRNA and induce considerable gene silencing in cancer cells. The peptides exhibited higher selectivity for colorectal cancer cells and induced less gene silencing in fibroblasts compared to the lipid-based commercial transfection reagent DharmaFECT™ 1. The results from this study can serve as a tool for rational design of new peptide-based gene vectors for high selective gene delivery to cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roja Hadianamrei
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Jiqian Wang
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Stephen Brown
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Xiubo Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK; School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
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4
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Hadianamrei R, Tomeh MA, Brown S, Wang J, Zhao X. Rationally designed short cationic α-helical peptides with selective anticancer activity. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 607:488-501. [PMID: 34509120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.08.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Naturally derived or synthetic anticancer peptides (ACPs) have emerged as a new generation of anticancer agents with higher selectivity for cancer cells and less propensity for drug resistance. Despite the structural diversity of ACPs, α-helix is the most common secondary structure among them. Herein we report the development of a new library of short cationic amphiphilic α-helical ACPs with selective cytotoxicity against colorectal and cervical cancer. EXPERIMENTS The peptides had a general formula C(XXYY)3 with C representing amino acid cysteine (providing a -SH group for molecular conjugation), X representing hydrophobic amino acids (isoleucine (I) or leucine (L)), and Y representing cationic amino acids (arginine (R) or lysine (K)). Two variants of the peptides were synthesized by adding additional Isoleucine residues to the C-terminal and replacing the N-terminal cysteine with LC-propargylglycine (LC-G) to investigate the effect of N-terminal and C-terminal variation on the anticancer activity. The structure and physicochemical properties of the peptides were determined by RP-HPLC, LC-MS and CD spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity of the peptides in different cell lines was assessed by MTT test, cell proliferation assay and mitochondrial damage assay. The mechanism of cell selectivity of the peptides was investigated by studying their interfacial behaviour at the air/water and lipid/water interface using Langmuir trough. FINDINGS The peptides consisting of K residues in their hydrophilic domains exhibited more selective anticancer activity whereas the peptides containing R exhibited strong toxicity in normal cells. The anticancer activity of the peptides was a function of their helical content and their hydrophobicity. Therefore, the addition of two I residues at C-terminal enhanced the anticancer activity of the peptides by increasing their hydrophobicity and their helical content. These two variants also exhibited strong anticancer activity against colorectal cancer multicellular tumour spheroids (MCTS). The higher toxicity of the peptides in cancer cells compared to normal cells was the result of higher penetration into the negatively charged cancer cell membranes, leading to higher cellular uptake, and their cytotoxic effect was mainly exerted by damaging the mitochondrial membranes leading to apoptosis. The results from this study provide a basis for rational design of new α-helical ACPs with enhanced anticancer activity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roja Hadianamrei
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Mhd Anas Tomeh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Stephen Brown
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Jiqian Wang
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Xiubo Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK; School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
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5
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Manrique-Moreno M, Suwalsky M, Patiño-González E, Fandiño-Devia E, Jemioła-Rzemińska M, Strzałka K. Interaction of the antimicrobial peptide ∆M3 with the Staphylococcus aureus membrane and molecular models. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1863:183498. [PMID: 33157098 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most pathogenic bacteria; infections with it are associated with significant morbidity and mortality in health care facilities. Antimicrobial peptides are a promising next generation antibiotic with great potential against bacterial infections. In this study, evidence is presented of the biological and biophysical properties of the novel synthetic peptide ΔM3. Its antimicrobial activity against the ATCC 25923 and methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains was evaluated. The results showed that ΔM3 has activity in the same μM range as vancomycin. Biophysical studies were performed with palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin liposomes loaded with calcein and used to follow the lytic activity of the peptide by fluorescence spectroscopy. On the other hand, ΔM3 was induced to interact with molecular models of the erythrocyte membrane buil-up of dimiristoylphosphatidylcholine and dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine, representative lipids of the outer and inner monolayers of the human erythrocyte membrane, respectively. The capacity of ΔM3 to interact with the bacteria and erythrocyte model membranes was also evaluated by X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. The morphological changes induced by the peptide to human erythrocytes were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Results with these techniques indicated that ΔM3 interacted with the inner monolayer of the erythrocyte membrane, which is rich in anionic lipids. Additionally, the cytotoxic effects of ΔM3 on red blood cells were evaluated by monitoring the hemoglobin release from erythrocytes. The results obtained from these different approaches showed ΔM3 to be a non-cytotoxic peptide with antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mario Suwalsky
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | | | | - Małgorzata Jemioła-Rzemińska
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, JagiellonianUniversity, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Strzałka
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, JagiellonianUniversity, Krakow, Poland
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6
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Janicka-Kłos A, Janek T, Burger J, Czapor-Irzabek H. Human salivary MUC7 mucin fragment and its analogues. Coordination and biological studies. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 203:110923. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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7
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Kim DS, Joo N. Texture Characteristics of Horse Meat for the Elderly Based on the Enzyme Treatment. Food Sci Anim Resour 2020; 40:74-86. [PMID: 31970332 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2019.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Horse meat is nutritionally adequate to the elderly, but it has a comparatively hard texture in contrast to most of the food. In practice, the meat intake in the elderly is generally bated because the relatively difficult texture of the meat can diminish mastication. Thus, strategies are being developed to produce meat products remanding detracted mastication exertion and possibly exalt ingestion and nutritional stand, in the elderly. Hence, the effects of enzymes on textural characteristics of horse meat were studied, because they have well-known favorable efficacy on the meat tenderness by causing important demotion of the myo-fibrillar protein and collagen. Four treatments namely, papain, bromelin, pepsin, and pancreatin, alongside one control were invoked to the horse meat. Their effects on the texture parameters were determined. All the above enzymatic treatments significantly reduced hardness and resilience (p<0.001). These results present opportunities to produce essential fatty acids fortified horse meat with soft texture and satisfied technological characteristics. The intake of the essential fatty acids intensified horse meat could aid the elderly to get their aimed essential fatty acid demands. Results also suggest that horse meat tenderized through enzymatic processing stand for auspicious options for the comprehension of texture-revised diets in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dah-Sol Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Nami Joo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
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8
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Kim DS, Joo N. Texture Characteristics of Horse Meat for the Elderly Based on the
Enzyme Treatment. Food Sci Anim Resour 2020. [PMID: 31970332 PMCID: PMC6957448 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2019.e86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Horse meat is nutritionally adequate to the elderly, but it has a comparatively
hard texture in contrast to most of the food. In practice, the meat intake in
the elderly is generally bated because the relatively difficult texture of the
meat can diminish mastication. Thus, strategies are being developed to produce
meat products remanding detracted mastication exertion and possibly exalt
ingestion and nutritional stand, in the elderly. Hence, the effects of enzymes
on textural characteristics of horse meat were studied, because they have
well-known favorable efficacy on the meat tenderness by causing important
demotion of the myo-fibrillar protein and collagen. Four treatments namely,
papain, bromelin, pepsin, and pancreatin, alongside one control were invoked to
the horse meat. Their effects on the texture parameters were determined. All the
above enzymatic treatments significantly reduced hardness and resilience
(p<0.001). These results present opportunities to produce essential fatty
acids fortified horse meat with soft texture and satisfied technological
characteristics. The intake of the essential fatty acids intensified horse meat
could aid the elderly to get their aimed essential fatty acid demands. Results
also suggest that horse meat tenderized through enzymatic processing stand for
auspicious options for the comprehension of texture-revised diets in the elderly
population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dah-Sol Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition,
Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
| | - Nami Joo
- Department of Food and Nutrition,
Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
- Corresponding author: Nami Joo, Department
of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea,
Tel: +82-2-710-9471, Fax: +82-2-710-9469, E-mail:
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9
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Paige MF, Eftaiha AF. Phase-separated surfactant monolayers: Exploiting immiscibility of fluorocarbons and hydrocarbons to pattern interfaces. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 248:129-146. [PMID: 28756970 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The mutual immiscibility of hydrogenated and fluorinated surfactants at interfaces frequently leads to phase-separation, which provides a useful and flexible method for patterning air-water and solid-air interfaces. In this article, we review recent advances in the use of hydrogenated-fluorinated surfactant mixtures to achieve interfacial patterning. For even relatively simple systems comprised of binary mixed monolayers of hydrogenated and perfluorinated fatty acids, a diverse range of film morphologies can be generated at the air-water interface and successfully transferred onto solid substrates. Systematic investigations reported over the past several years have allowed for correlation between the chemical structure of the film constituents with the gross film morphology and underlying crystalline structure of the films. Early thermodynamic models based on the interplay between dipole-dipole repulsion forces between charged headgroups balanced by line tension between phases that were formulated to describe phase-behavior in simple phospholipid monolayer systems have proven highly useful to describe morphologies for the immiscible surfactant blends. Beyond simple binary fatty acid mixtures, highly-structured films have also been reported in mixed phospholipid systems, which have found important application in controlling the physical, compositional and performance properties of lung surfactant mixtures, as well as in semifluorinated alkane monolayers which form unique, hemimicellar structures at both liquid and solid interfaces. We also describe advances in using these approaches to pattern photopolymerizable, luminescent surfactants, which have found extensive use in colorimetric and fluorometric sensing devices. The long-term outlook for this field, with an emphasis on potential applications and future research directions are discussed.
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10
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Shenmar K, Sharma KK, Wangoo N, Maurya IK, Kumar V, Khan SI, Jacob MR, Tikoo K, Jain R. Synthesis, stability and mechanistic studies of potent anticryptococcal hexapeptides. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 132:192-203. [PMID: 28363154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The growing incidents of cryptococcosis in immuno-compromised patients have created a need for novel drug therapies capable of eradicating the disease. The peptide-based drug therapy offers many advantages over the traditional therapeutic agents, which has been exploited in the present study by synthesizing a series of hexapeptides that exhibits promising activity against a panel of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and various pathogenic fungal strains; the most exemplary activity was observed against Cryptococcus neoformans. The peptides 3, 24, 32 and 36 displayed potent anticryptococcal activity (IC50 = 0.4-0.46 μg/mL, MIC = 0.63-1.25 μg/mL, MFC = 0.63-1.25 μg/mL), and stability under proteolytic conditions. Besides this, several other peptides displayed promising inhibition of pathogenic bacteria. The prominent ones include peptides 18-20, and 26 that exhibited IC50 values ranged between 2.1 and 3.6 μg/mL, MICs of 5-20 μg/mL and MBCs of 10-20 μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus. The detailed mechanistic study on selected peptides demonstrated absolute selectivity towards the bacterial membranes and fungal cells by causing perturbations in the cell membranes, confirmed by the scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitika Shenmar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab, 160 062, India
| | - Krishna K Sharma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab, 160 062, India
| | - Nishima Wangoo
- Department of Applied Sciences, University Institute of Engineering and Technology (U.I.E.T.), Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Indresh K Maurya
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab, 160 062, India
| | - Shabana I Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Melissa R Jacob
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Kulbhushan Tikoo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab, 160 062, India
| | - Rahul Jain
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab, 160 062, India.
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11
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Kocourková L, Novotná P, Čujová S, Čeřovský V, Urbanová M, Setnička V. Conformational study of melectin and antapin antimicrobial peptides in model membrane environments. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 170:247-255. [PMID: 27450123 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides have long been considered as promising compounds against drug-resistant pathogens. In this work, we studied the secondary structure of antimicrobial peptides melectin and antapin using electronic (ECD) and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopies that are sensitive to peptide secondary structures. The results from quantitative ECD spectral evaluation by Dichroweb and CDNN program and from the qualitative evaluation of the VCD spectra were compared. The antimicrobial activity of the selected peptides depends on their ability to adopt an amphipathic α-helical conformation on the surface of the bacterial membrane. Hence, solutions of different zwitterionic and negatively charged liposomes and micelles were used to mimic the eukaryotic and bacterial biological membranes. The results show a significant content of α-helical conformation in the solutions of negatively charged liposomes mimicking the bacterial membrane, thus correlating with the antimicrobial activity of the studied peptides. On the other hand in the solutions of zwitterionic liposomes used as models of the eukaryotic membranes, the fraction of α-helical conformation was lower, which corresponds with their moderate hemolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Kocourková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Novotná
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Sabína Čujová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Čeřovský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Urbanová
- Department of Physics and Measurements, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Setnička
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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12
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Liu X, Cao R, Wang S, Jia J, Fei H. Amphipathicity Determines Different Cytotoxic Mechanisms of Lysine- or Arginine-Rich Cationic Hydrophobic Peptides in Cancer Cells. J Med Chem 2016; 59:5238-47. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b02016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio
Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech
and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Rui Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio
Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech
and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Sha Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio
Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech
and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P. R. China
| | - Junli Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio
Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech
and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hao Fei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio
Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech
and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
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13
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Juba M, Porter D, Dean S, Gillmor S, Bishop B. Characterization and performance of short cationic antimicrobial peptide isomers. Biopolymers 2016; 100:387-401. [PMID: 23532931 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) represent an ancient defense mechanism against invading bacteria, with peptides such as the cathelicidins being essential elements of vertebrate innate immunity. CAMPs are typically associated with broad-spectrum antimicrobial potency and limited bacterial resistance. The cathelicidin identified from the elapid snake Naja atra (NA-CATH) contains a semi-conserved repeated 11-residue motif (ATRA motif) with a sequence pattern consistent with formation of an amphipathic helical conformation. Short peptide amides (ATRA-1, -1A, -1P, and -2) generated based on the pair of ATRA motifs in NA-CATH exhibited varied antimicrobial potencies. The small size of the ATRA peptides, coupled with their varied antimicrobial performances, make them interesting models to study the impact various physico-chemical properties have on antimicrobial performance in helical CAMPs. Accordingly, the D- and L-enantiomers of the peptide ATRA-1A, which in earlier studies had shown both good antimicrobial performance and strong helical character, were investigated in order to assess the impact peptide stereochemistry has on antimicrobial performance and interaction with chiral membranes. The ATRA-1A isomers exhibit varied potencies against four bacterial strains, and their conformational properties in the presence of mixed zwitterionic/anionic liposomes are influenced by anionic lipid content. These studies reveal subtle differences in the properties of the peptide isomers. Differences are also seen in the abilities of the ATRA-1A isomers to induce liposome fusion/aggregation, bilayer rearrangement and lysing through turbidity studies and fluorescence microscopy. The similarities and differences in the properties of the ATRA-1A isomers could aid in efforts to develop D-peptide-based therapeutics using high-performing L-peptides as templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Juba
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA
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14
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Postma TM, Liskamp RMJ. Highly potent antimicrobial peptide derivatives of bovine cateslytin. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17944d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of bovine cateslytin was optimized in a series of sequential modifications leading to synlytin, a highly potent non-haemolytic antimicrobial peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. M. Postma
- School of Chemistry
- University of Glasgow
- Glasgow
- UK
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15
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Nakahara H. Fluidizing and Solidifying Effects of Perfluorooctylated Fatty Alcohols on Pulmonary Surfactant Monolayers. J Oleo Sci 2016; 65:99-109. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess15222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Nakahara
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University
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16
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Marine JE, Song S, Liang X, Watson MD, Rudick JG. Bundle-forming α-helical peptide-dendron hybrid. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:14314-7. [PMID: 26268897 PMCID: PMC4567505 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05468k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Peptides and dendrons are enticing building blocks from which to construct hybrid macromolecules because each can be prepared as monodisperse and sequence defined materials. Folding and assembly properties designed into the amino acid sequence of a peptide-dendron hybrid manifest in the formation of a dendronized bundle of α-helices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette E Marine
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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17
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The effect of perfluorooctadecanoic acid on a model phosphatidylcholine–peptide pulmonary lung surfactant mixture. J Fluor Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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18
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Shin SY. Effect of Double Replacement of L-Pro, D-Pro, D-Leu or Nleu in Hydrophobic Face of Amphipathic α-Helical Model Antimicrobial Peptide on Structure, Cell Selectivity and Mechanism of Action. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.11.3267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Sun Y, Dong W, Sun L, Ma L, Shang D. Insights into the membrane interaction mechanism and antibacterial properties of chensinin-1b. Biomaterials 2014; 37:299-311. [PMID: 25453959 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with non-specific membrane disrupting activities are thought to exert their antimicrobial activity as a result of their cationicity, hydrophobicity and α-helical or β-sheet structures. Chensinin-1, a native peptide from skin secretions of Rana chensinensis, fails to manifest its desired biological properties because its low hydrophobic nature and an adopted random coil structure in a membrane-mimetic environment. In this study, chensinin-1b was designed by rearranging the amino acid sequence of its hydrophilic/polar residues on one face and its hydrophobic/nonpolar residues on the opposite face according to its helical diagram, and by replacing three Gly residues with three Trp residues. Introduction of Trp residues significantly promoted the binding of the peptide to the bacterial outer membrane and exerted bactericidal activity through cytoplasmic membrane damage. Chensinin-1b demonstrates higher antimicrobial activity and greater cell selectivity than its parent peptide, chensinin-1. The electrostatic interactions between chensinin-1b and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) may have facilitated the uptake of the peptide into Gram-negative cells and be also helpful to disrupt the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, as evidenced by depolarisation of the membrane potential and leakage of calceins from the liposomes of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Chensinin-1b was also found to penetrate mouse skin and was also effective in vivo, as measured by hydroxyproline levels in a wound infection mouse model, and could therefore act as an anti-infective agent for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Weibing Dong
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Li Sun
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Lijie Ma
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Dejing Shang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China.
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20
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Nakahara H, Shibata O. Interfacial behavior of pulmonary surfactant preparations containing egg yolk lecithin. J Oleo Sci 2014; 63:1159-68. [PMID: 25296574 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess14105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian lungs are covered with lipid-protein complexes or pulmonary surfactants. In this work, which aimed towards the less expensive production of artificial pulmonary surfactants, we produced surfactants composed of egg yolk lecithin (eggPC), palmitic acid, and hexadecanol (= 0.30/0.35/0.35, mol/mol/mol ) containing different amounts of Hel 13-5 (NH2-KLLKLLLKLWLKLLKLLL-COOH) as a substitute for the proteins in native pulmonary surfactants. Surface pressure (π)-molecular area (A) and surface potential (DV)-A isotherms of the mixtures were measured via the Wilhelmy and ionizing (241)Am electrode methods, respectively. The interactions between the lipid components and Hel 13-5 led to variations in the surface pressure caused by the expulsion of fluid components from the surface. Furthermore, the π-A and DV-A isotherms featured large hysteresis loops for the surfactant that contained a small amount of Hel 13-5 during compression and successive expansion cycling. To elucidate the morphology, the phase behavior was visualized in situ at the air-water interface by means of fluorescence microscopy; the images suggested less effective interactions between Hel 13-5 and the unsaturated PC in eggPC despite the similarity of their monolayer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Nakahara
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University
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21
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Lohan S, Cameotra SS, Bisht GS. Antibacterial evaluation of structurally amphipathic, membrane active small cationic peptidomimetics: Synthesized by incorporating 3-amino benzoic acid as peptidomimetic element. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 83:102-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Naidoo VB, Rautenbach M. Self-assembling organo-peptide bolaphiles with KLK tripeptide head groups display selective antibacterial activity. J Pept Sci 2014; 19:784-91. [PMID: 24243600 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In keeping with recent efforts to generate compounds for antibiotic and microbicide development, we focused on the creation of non-natural organo-peptide hybrids of antimicrobial peptide amides (KLK(L)n KLK-NH2 ) derived from sapecin B and a self-assembling oligoglycine organo-peptide bolaphile containing an ω-amino fatty acid residue. The hybrid organo-peptide bolaphiles with two cationic KLK tripeptide motifs linked with an ω-amino acid residue (penta-, octa- or undecamethylene chain) maintained the self-assembling properties of the root oligoglycine bolaphile. Electron microscopy clearly revealed complex supramolecular architectures for both sapecin B-derived peptides and the hybrid analogues. FT-IR spectroscopy indicated that the supramolecular structures were composed primarily of β-sheets. CD revealed that the hybrid bolaphiles did not share the same secondary structures as the sapecin B peptides in solution. However, although secondary structures of antimicrobial peptides are central in the activity, the organo-peptide bolaphiles also retained the potent antimicrobial activity of the leader sapecin B-derived peptide against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In general, the hybrids were more selective than the sapecin B peptides, as they displayed little or no appreciable haemolytic activity. The results obtained herald a new approach for the design of purpose-built hybrid organo-peptide bolaphiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venthan B Naidoo
- UNESCO Associated Centre for Macromolecules and Materials, Division of Polymer Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7600, South Africa; BIOPEP Peptide Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7600, South Africa
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23
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Nakamura Y, Yukitake K, Nakahara H, Lee S, Shibata O, Lee S. Improvement of pulmonary surfactant activity by introducing D-amino acids into highly hydrophobic amphiphilic α-peptide Hel 13-5. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:2046-52. [PMID: 24796503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The high costs of artificial pulmonary surfactants, ranging in hundreds per kilogram of body weight, used for treating the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) premature babies have limited their applications. We have extensively studied soy lecithins and higher alcohols as lipid alternatives to expensive phospholipids such as DPPC and PG. As a substitute for the proteins, we have synthesized the peptide Hel 13-5D3 by introducing D-amino acids into a highly lipid-soluble, basic amphiphilic peptide, Hel 13-5, composed of 18 amino acid residues. Analysis of the surfactant activities of lipid-amphiphilic artificial peptide mixtures using lung-irrigated rat models revealed that a mixture (Murosurf SLPD3) of dehydrogenated soy lecithin, fractionated soy lecithin, palmitic acid (PA), and peptide Hel 13-5D3 (40:40:17.5:2.5, by weight) superior pulmonary surfactant activity than a commercially available pulmonary surfactant (beractant, Surfacten®). Experiments using ovalbumin-sensitized model animals revealed that the lipid-amphiphilic artificial peptide mixtures provided significant control over an increase in the pulmonary resistance induced by premature allergy reaction and reduced the number of acidocytes and neutrophils in lung-irrigated solution. The newly developed low-cost pulmonary surfactant system may be used for treatment of a wide variety of respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ko Yukitake
- Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Nakahara
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan
| | - Sooyoung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University and Emergency & Critical Care Center, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Osamu Shibata
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan.
| | - Sannamu Lee
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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24
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Sgolastra F, Minter LM, Osborne BA, Tew GN. Importance of Sequence Specific Hydrophobicity in Synthetic Protein Transduction Domain Mimics. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:812-20. [DOI: 10.1021/bm401634r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sgolastra
- Departments of †Polymer Science and Engineering and ‡Veterinary and
Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Lisa M. Minter
- Departments of †Polymer Science and Engineering and ‡Veterinary and
Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Barbara A. Osborne
- Departments of †Polymer Science and Engineering and ‡Veterinary and
Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Gregory N. Tew
- Departments of †Polymer Science and Engineering and ‡Veterinary and
Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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25
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Bi X, Wang C, Dong W, Zhu W, Shang D. Antimicrobial properties and interaction of two Trp-substituted cationic antimicrobial peptides with a lipid bilayer. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2014; 67:361-8. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2014.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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26
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Yamamoto N, Tamura A. Designing cell-aggregating peptides without cytotoxicity. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:512-23. [PMID: 24432760 DOI: 10.1021/bm4014414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have designed α-helical peptides de novo that can induce aggregation of various kinds of cells by focusing on physicochemical properties such as hydrophobicity, net charges, and amphipathicity. It is shown that peptide hydrophobicity is the key factor to determine capabilities for cell aggregation while peptide net charges contribute to nonspecific electrostatic interactions with cells. On the other hand, amphipathic peptides tend to exhibit cytotoxicity such as antimicrobial activity and hemolysis, which are competitive with cell-aggregation capabilities. Different from the cases of living cells, aggregation of artificial anionic liposomes appears to be mainly determined by electrostatic interactions. This discrepancy might be due to the complex structure of surfaces of cell membranes consisting of macromolecular chains such as peptidoglycans, polysaccharides, or glycocalyx, which coexist with lipid bilayers. Our design strategy would pave the way to design peptides that lead aggregation of living cells without cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University , 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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27
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Antimicrobial properties and membrane-active mechanism of a potential α-helical antimicrobial derived from cathelicidin PMAP-36. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86364. [PMID: 24466055 PMCID: PMC3897731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which present in the non-specific immune system of organism, are amongst the most promising candidates for the development of novel antimicrobials. The modification of naturally occurring AMPs based on their residue composition and distribution is a simple and effective strategy for optimization of known AMPs. In this study, a series of truncated and residue-substituted derivatives of antimicrobial peptide PMAP-36 were designed and synthesized. The 24-residue truncated peptide, GI24, displayed antimicrobial activity comparable to the mother peptide PMAP-36 with MICs ranging from 1 to 4 µM, which is lower than the MICs of bee venom melittin. Although GI24 displayed high antimicrobial activity, its hemolytic activity was much lower than melittin, suggesting that GI24 have optimal cell selectivity. In addition, the crucial site of GI24 was identified through single site-mutation. An amino acid with high hydrophobicity at position 23 played an important role in guaranteeing the high antimicrobial activity of GI24. Then, lipid vesicles and whole bacteria were employed to investigate the membrane-active mechanisms. Membrane-simulating experiments showed that GI24 interacted strongly with negatively charged phospholipids and weakly with zwitterionic phospholipids, which corresponded well with the data of its biological activities. Membrane permeabilization and flow cytometry provide the evidence that GI24 killed microbial cells by permeabilizing the cell membrane and damaging membrane integrity. GI24 resulted in greater cell morphological changes and visible pores on cell membrane as determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Taken together, the peptide GI24 may provide a promising antimicrobial agent for therapeutic applications against the frequently-encountered bacteria.
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28
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Cabassi CS, Taddei S, Cavirani S, Baroni MC, Sansoni P, Romani AA. Broad-spectrum activity of a novel antibiotic peptide against multidrug-resistant veterinary isolates. Vet J 2013; 198:534-7. [PMID: 24084036 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) bacteria has become a medical and veterinary problem. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) show potential to overcome antibiotic resistance and could be used therapeutically. A novel AMP (AMP2041) was developed in silico and its microbiocidal activity against MDR clinical strains isolated from cattle (n=6), dogs (n=8), and pigs (n=20) was evaluated. AMP2041 showed strong antimicrobial activity against all Gram-positive and Gram-negative MDR clinical strains tested. Within 20 min of incubation, there was complete killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27953 and a 90% reduction of colony count for Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. For Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, a 90% reduction of colony count was observed within 120 min of incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clotilde Silvia Cabassi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Parma, via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy.
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29
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Nakahara H, Lee S, Shibata O. Surface pressure induced structural transitions of an amphiphilic peptide in pulmonary surfactant systems by an in situ PM-IRRAS study. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1828:1205-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Hemolytic activity of membrane-active peptides correlates with the thermodynamics of binding to 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine bilayers. J Membr Biol 2013; 246:257-62. [PMID: 23329339 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-013-9525-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of antimicrobial, cytolytic and cell-penetrating peptides is important for the design of new peptides to be used as cargo-delivery systems or antimicrobials. But these peptides should not be hemolytic. Recently, we designed a series of such membrane-active peptides and tested several hypotheses about their mechanisms on model membranes. To that end, the Gibbs free energy of binding to 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) vesicles was determined experimentally. Because the main lipid components of the outermost monolayer of erythrocyte membranes are zwitterionic, like POPC, we hypothesized that the Gibbs free energy of binding of these peptides to POPC would also be a good indicator of their hemolytic activity. Now, the hemolytic activity of those synthetic peptides was examined by measuring the lysis of sheep erythrocyte suspensions after peptide addition. Indeed, the Gibbs free energy of binding was in good correlation with the hemolytic activity, which was represented by the concentration of peptide in solution that produced 50 % hemolysis. Furthermore, with two exceptions, those peptides that caused graded dye release from POPC vesicles were also hemolytic, while most of those that caused all-or-none release were not.
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31
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Pramanik M, Chatterjee N, Das S, Saha KD, Bhaumik A. Anthracene-bisphosphonate based novel fluorescent organic nanoparticles explored as apoptosis inducers of cancer cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:9461-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc44989k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Hai Nan Y, Jacob B, Kim Y, Yub Shin S. Linear bactenecin analogs with cell selectivity and anti-endotoxic activity. J Pept Sci 2012; 18:740-7. [PMID: 23109411 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bactenecin (Bac) is a 12-residue disulfide-linked antimicrobial peptide isolated from the granules of bovine neutrophils. In this study, to develop novel linear Bac analogs with cell selectivity and anti-endotoxic activity, we designed and synthesized a series of linear Bac analogs with amino acid substitution in Cys3,11 and/or Val6,7 of Bac. Among Bac analogs, some analogs (Bac-W, Bac-KW, Bac-L, Bac-KL, Bac-LW, and Bac-KLW) with higher hydrophobicity showed the amalgamated property of cell selectivity and anti-endotoxic activity. Furthermore, Bac-W, Bac-KW, Bac-LW, and Bac-KLW showed serum stability comparable with that of disulfide-bonded Bac. Therefore, these Bac analogs (Bac-W, Bac-KW, Bac-LW, and Bac-KLW) can serve as promising antibiotics for the development of therapeutic agents for treatment against endotoxic shock and bacterial infection. In addition, our results suggest that a little increase in hydrophobicity may be responsible for the decreased cell selectivity of the multiple Arg-containing peptides (Bac-W, Bac-L, and Bac-LW) over the multiple Lys-containing peptides (Bac-KW, Bac-KL, and Bac-KLW).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hai Nan
- Department of Bio-Materials, Graduate School, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Korea
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33
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Gopal R, Seo CH, Song PI, Park Y. Effect of repetitive lysine-tryptophan motifs on the bactericidal activity of antimicrobial peptides. Amino Acids 2012; 44:645-60. [PMID: 22914980 PMCID: PMC3549253 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-012-1388-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies identified lysine- and tryptophan-rich sequences within various cationic antimicrobial peptides. In the present study, we synthesized a series of peptides composed of lysine (K)-tryptophan (W) repeats (KW)n (where n equals 2, 3, 4 or 5) with amidation of the C-terminal to increase cationicity. We found that increases in chain length up to (KW)4 enhanced the peptides’ antibacterial activity; (KW)5 exhibited somewhat less bactericidal activity than (KW)4. Cytotoxicity, measured as lysis of human red blood cells, also increased with increasing chain length. With (KW)5, reduced antibacterial activity and increased cytotoxicity correlated with greater hydrophobicity and self-aggregation in the aqueous environment. The peptides acted by inducing rapid collapse of the bacterial transmembrane potential and induction of membrane permeability. The mode of interaction of the peptides and the phosphate groups of lipopolysaccharide was dependent upon the peptides’ ability to permeate the membrane. Longer peptides [(KW)4 and (KW)5] but not shorter peptides [(KW)2 and (KW)3] strongly bound and partially inserted into negatively charged, anionic lipid bilayers. These longer peptides also induced membrane permeabilization and aggregation of lipid vesicles. The peptides had a disordered structure in aqueous solution, and only (KW)4 and (KW)5 displayed a folded conformation on lipid membranes. Moreover, (KW)4 destroyed and agglutinated bacterial cells, demonstrating its potential as an antimicrobial agent. Collectively, the results show (KW)4 to be the most efficacious peptide in the (KW)n series, exhibiting strong antibacterial activity with little cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramamourthy Gopal
- Research Center for Proteineous Materials, Chosun University, Kwangju, South Korea
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34
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Novotná P, Urbanová M. Vibrational circular dichroism study of polypeptide model–membrane systems. Anal Biochem 2012; 427:211-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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35
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Nakahara H. A Study on Novel Artificial Lung Surfactants Incorporated with Partially Fluorinated Amphiphiles. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2012; 132:817-22. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.132.817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Nakahara
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University
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36
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The amphipathic helix of an enzyme that regulates phosphatidylcholine synthesis remodels membranes into highly curved nanotubules. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2012; 1818:1173-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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37
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Wu HH, Chen CC, Chen CM. Replica exchange Monte-Carlo simulations of helix bundle membrane proteins: rotational parameters of helices. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2012; 26:363-74. [PMID: 22466784 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-012-9562-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We propose a united-residue model of membrane proteins to investigate the structures of helix bundle membrane proteins (HBMPs) using coarse-grained (CG) replica exchange Monte-Carlo (REMC) simulations. To demonstrate the method, it is used to identify the ground state of HBMPs in a CG model, including bacteriorhodopsin (BR), halorhodopsin (HR), and their subdomains. The rotational parameters of transmembrane helices (TMHs) are extracted directly from the simulations, which can be compared with their experimental measurements from site-directed dichroism. In particular, the effects of amphiphilic interaction among the surfaces of TMHs on the rotational angles of helices are discussed. The proposed CG model gives a reasonably good structure prediction of HBMPs, as well as a clear physical picture for the packing, tilting, orientation, and rotation of TMHs. The root mean square deviation (RMSD) in coordinates of C(α) atoms of the ground state CG structure from the X-ray structure is 5.03 Å for BR and 6.70 Å for HR. The final structure of HBMPs is obtained from the all-atom molecular dynamics simulations by refining the predicted CG structure, whose RMSD is 4.38 Å for BR and 5.70 Å for HR.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-H Wu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Sec. 4 Ting-Chou Rd., Taipei 116, Taiwan
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Hicks RP, Russell AL. Application of unnatural amino acids to the de novo design of selective antibiotic peptides. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 794:135-167. [PMID: 21956561 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-331-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Because of their unique mechanism of cytotoxicity against bacteria and other microorganisms, antimicrobial peptides have received a great deal of attention as possible therapeutic agents. Incorporation of unnatural amino acids into the peptide sequences has the potential to improve the organism selectivity and potency of these peptides as well as increase their metabolic stability. This protocol outlines the logic used to selectively incorporate unnatural amino acid into a peptide sequence in an attempt to obtain peptides with increased therapeutic potential as antibiotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rickey P Hicks
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
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Lorin A, Noël M, Provencher MÈ, Turcotte V, Masson C, Cardinal S, Lagüe P, Voyer N, Auger M. Revisiting peptide amphiphilicity for membrane pore formation. Biochemistry 2011; 50:9409-20. [PMID: 21942823 DOI: 10.1021/bi201335t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
It has previously been shown that an amphipathic de novo designed peptide made of 10 leucines and four phenylalanines substituted with crown ethers induces vesicle leakage without selectivity. To gain selectivity against negatively charged dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (DMPG) bilayers, one or two leucines of the peptide were substituted with positively charged residues at each position. All peptides induce significant calcein leakage of DMPG vesicles. However, some peptides do not induce significant leakage of zwitterionic dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles and are thus active against only bacterial model membranes. The intravesicular leakage is induced by pore formation instead of membrane micellization. Nonselective peptides are mostly helical, while selective peptides mainly adopt an intermolecular β-sheet structure. This study therefore demonstrates that the position of the lysine residues significantly influences the secondary structure and bilayer selectivity of an amphipathic 14-mer peptide, with β-sheet peptides being more selective than helical peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Lorin
- Département de chimie, Regroupement québécois de recherche sur la fonction, la structure et l'ingénierie des protéines, Centre de recherche sur les matériaux avancés, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6
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Hu J, Chen C, Zhang S, Zhao X, Xu H, Zhao X, Lu JR. Designed antimicrobial and antitumor peptides with high selectivity. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:3839-43. [PMID: 21955251 DOI: 10.1021/bm201098j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We report a new class of cationic amphiphilic peptides with short sequences, G(IIKK)(n)I-NH(2) (n = 1-4), that can kill Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as effectively as several well-known antimicrobial peptides and antibiotics. In addition, some of these peptides possess potent antitumor activities against cancer cell lines. Moreover, their hemolytic activities against human red blood cells (hRBCs) remain remarkably low even at some 10-fold bactericidal minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). When bacteria or tumor cells are cocultured with NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells, G(IIKK)(3)I-NH(2) showed fast and strong selectivity against microbial or tumor cells, without any adverse effect on NIH 3T3 cells. The high selectivity and associated features are attributed to two design tactics: the use of Ile residues rather than Leu and the perturbation of the hydrophobic face of the helical structure with the insertion of a positively charged Lys residue. This class of simple peptides hence offers new opportunities in the development of cost-effective and highly selective antimicrobial and antitumor peptide-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and the Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266555, PR China
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Gupta A, Mandal D, Ahmadibeni Y, Parang K, Bothun G. Hydrophobicity drives the cellular uptake of short cationic peptide ligands. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL : EBJ 2011; 40:727-736. [PMID: 21409455 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-011-0685-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Short cationic linear peptide analogs (LPAs, prepared as Arg-C( n )-Arg-C( n )-Lys, where C( n ) represents an alkyl linkage with n = 4, 7 or 11) were synthesized and tested in human breast carcinoma BT-20 and CCRF-CEM leukemia cells for their application as targeting ligands. With constant LPA charge (+4), increasing the alkyl linkage increases the hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance and provides a systematic means of examining combined electrostatic and hydrophobic peptide-membrane interactions. Fluorescently conjugated LPA-C(11) (F-LPA-C(11)) demonstrated significant uptake, whereas there was negligible uptake of the shorter LPAs. By varying temperature (4°C and 37°C) and cell type, the results suggest that LPA-C(11) internalization is nonendocytic and nonspecific. The effect of LPA binding on the phase behavior, structure, and permeability of model membranes composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine (DPPC/DPPS, 85/15) was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), and fluorescence leakage studies to gain insight into the LPA uptake mechanism. While all LPAs led to phase separation, LPA-C(11), possessing the longest alkyl linkage, was able to penetrate into the bilayer and caused holes to form, which led to membrane disintegration. This was confirmed by rapid and complete dye release by LPA-C(11). We propose that LPA-C(11) achieves uptake by anchoring to the membrane via hydrophobicity and forming transient membrane voids. LPAs may be advantageous as drug transporter ligands because they are small, water soluble, and easy to prepare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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Nakahara H, Lee S, Krafft MP, Shibata O. Fluorocarbon-hybrid pulmonary surfactants for replacement therapy--a Langmuir monolayer study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:18256-18265. [PMID: 21049919 DOI: 10.1021/la103118d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Effective additives to pulmonary surfactant (PS) preparations for therapy of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) are being intensively sought. We report here the investigation of the effects of partially fluorinated amphiphiles (PFA) on the surface behavior of a model PS formulation. When small amounts of a partially fluorinated alcohol C(8)F(17)C(m)H(2m)OH (F8HmOH, m = 5 and 11) are added to the PS model preparation (a dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC)/Hel 13-5 peptide mixture) considered here, the effectiveness of the latter in in vitro pulmonary functions is enhanced. The mechanism for the improved efficacy depends on the hydrophobic chain length of the added PFA molecules. The shorter PFA, F8H5OH, when incorporated in the monolayer of the PS model preparation, promotes a disordered liquid-expanded (LE) phase upon lateral compression (fluidization). In contrast, the addition of the longer PFA, F8H11OH, reduces the disordered LE/ordered liquid-condensed (LC) phase transition pressure and promotes the growth of ordered domains (solidification). Furthermore, compression-expansion cycles suggest that F8H5OH, when incorporated in the PS model preparation, undergoes an irreversible elimination into the subphase, whereas F8H11OH enhances the squeeze-out phenomenon of the SP-B mimicking peptide, which is important in pulmonary functions and is related to the formation of a solid-like monolayer at the surface and of a surface reservoir just below the surface. F8H11OH particularly reinforces the effectiveness of DPPC in terms of minimum reachable surface tension, and of preservation of the integrated hysteresis area between compression and expansion isotherms, the two latter parameters being generally accepted indices for assessing PS efficacy. We suggest that PFA amphiphiles may be useful potential additives for synthetic PS preparations destined for treatment of RDS in premature infants and in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Nakahara
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan
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Rajesh T, Anthony T, Saranya S, Pushpam PL, Gunasekaran P. Functional characterization of a new holin-like antibacterial protein coding gene tmp1 from goat skin surface metagenome. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 89:1061-73. [PMID: 20927512 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2907-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have identified a holin-like gene from a goat skin surface metagenome. The ORF designated tmp1 coding for 34 amino acids shared sequence similarity with putative holin-like toxin genes. To analyze the antibacterial activity of tmp1 encoded protein, this ORF was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The expressed gene product Tmp1 exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria but not to Gram-negative bacteria. A single transmembrane domain (TMD) was identified within Tmp1 and deletion analysis of the N-terminal region and TMD indicated TMD to be responsible for antibacterial activity. The TMD-dependent antibacterial activity was validated using a synthetic peptide with the amino acid sequence of TMD. Besides antibacterial activity, Tmp1 also complemented the function of holin in a lysis-defective bacteriophage lambda. To broaden the spectrum of antibacterial activity, a mutant library of tmp1 was generated by random mutagenesis. Four mutants with amino acid substitutions at the N-terminus of Tmp1 exhibited increased antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and were not hemolytic. An improved activity of these mutant proteins is attributed to their increased hydrophobicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangamani Rajesh
- Department of Genetics, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, India
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Nan YH, Lee SH, Kim HJ, Shin SY. Mammalian cell toxicity and candidacidal mechanism of Arg- or Lys-containing Trp-rich model antimicrobial peptides and their d-enantiomeric peptides. Peptides 2010; 31:1826-31. [PMID: 20621141 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the mammalian cell toxicity and candidacidal mechanism of Arg- or Lys-containing Trp-rich model antimicrobial peptides (K(6)L(2)W(3) and R(6)L(2)W(3)) and their d-enantiomeric peptides (K(6)L(2)W(3)-d and R(6)L(2)W(3)-d). Arg-containing peptides were more toxic to human erythrocytes and mammalian cells as compared to Lys-containing peptides. Arg-containing peptides is slightly more hydrophobic than Lys-containing counterparts, as judged from their reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) retention time. These results suggested that a little difference in hydrophobicity of these peptides affect their hemolytic activity and mammalian cell toxicity. Interestingly, K(6)L(2)W(3) and K(6)L(2)W(3)-d almost similar mammalian cell cytotoxicity, whereas R(6)L(2)W(3)-d showed much higher cytotoxicity as compared to R(6)L(2)W(3). A low ability to facilitate fluorescent marker escape from Candida albicans membrane-mimicking vesicles suggested that the major target site of Lys-containing peptides may be not the cell membrane but the cytoplasm of C. albicans. Confocal laser-scanning microscopy revealed that FITC-labeled Lys-containing peptides penetrated the cell wall and cell membrane and accumulated inside the cells, whereas FITC-labeled Arg-containing peptides did not penetrate but associated with the membranes. Collectively, our results suggested that the ultimate target site of action of Arg-containing peptides and Lys-containing peptides may be the membrane and the cytoplasm of C. albicans, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hai Nan
- Department of Bio-Materials, Graduate School, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
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Wang P, Nan YH, Yang ST, Kang SW, Kim Y, Park IS, Hahm KS, Shin SY. Cell selectivity and anti-inflammatory activity of a Leu/Lys-rich alpha-helical model antimicrobial peptide and its diastereomeric peptides. Peptides 2010; 31:1251-61. [PMID: 20363271 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Revised: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of the number and distribution of d-amino acids introduced into non-cell-selective alpha-helical antimicrobial peptides on the cell selectivity, protease stability and anti-inflammatory activity, we synthesized an 18-meric Leu/Lys-rich alpha-helical model peptide (K(9)L(8)W) and d-amino acid-containing diastereomeric peptides. Increasing in cell selectivity of the peptides was increased in parallel with increasing in the number of d-amino acids introduced. Despite having the same number of d-amino acids, D(9)-K(9)L(8)W-1 had better cell selectivity than D(9)-K(9)L(8)W-2, indicating that a dispersed distribution of d-amino acids in diastereomeric peptides is more effective for cell selectivity than their segregated distribution. D(3)-K(9)L(8)W-2, D(6)-K(9)L(8)W, D(9)-K(9)L(8)W-1 and D(9)-K(9)L(8)W-2 showed complete resistance to tryptic digestion. Furthermore, K(9)L(8)W and all of its diastereomeric peptides significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) release in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells at a lower concentration than bactericidal concentration. The order of anti-inflammatory activity for the peptides was K(9)L(8)W approximately D(3)-K(9)L(8)W-1 approximately D(3)-K(9)L(8)W-2 approximately D(6)-K(9)L(8)W approximately D(9)-K(9)L(8)W-2>D(4)-K(9)L(8)W>D(9)-K(9)L(8)W-1. Increasing in hydrophobicity or alpha-helicity of the peptides was more closely correlated with increasing in hemolytic activity and anti-inflammatory activity than antimicrobial and LPS-disaggregation activities. Collectively, we successfully developed several d-amino acid-containing antimicrobial peptides (D(4)-K(9)L(8)W, D(6)-K(9)L(8)W and D(9)-K(9)L(8)W-1) with good cell selectivity, protease stability and potent anti-inflammatory activity. These antimicrobial peptides could serve as templates for the development of peptide antibiotics for the treatment of sepsis, as well as microbial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Bio-Materials, Graduate School and Research Center for Proteineous Materials, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
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Nakahara H, Lee S, Shibata O. Specific interaction restrains structural transitions of an amphiphilic peptide in pulmonary surfactant model systems: An in situ PM-IRRAS investigation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2010; 1798:1263-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Revised: 02/06/2010] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kim YS, Cha HJ. Disperse distribution of cationic amino acids on hydrophilic surface of helical wheel enhances antimicrobial peptide activity. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 107:216-23. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Nygren P, Lundqvist M, Liedberg B, Jonsson BH, Ederth T. Secondary structure in de novo designed peptides induced by electrostatic interaction with a lipid bilayer membrane. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:6437-6448. [PMID: 20349970 DOI: 10.1021/la100027n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We show that it is possible to induce a defined secondary structure in de novo designed peptides upon electrostatic attachment to negatively charged lipid bilayer vesicles without partitioning of the peptides into the membrane, and that the secondary structure can be varied via small changes in the primary amino acid sequence of the peptides. The peptides have a random-coil conformation in solution, and results from far-UV circular dichroism spectroscopy demonstrate that the structure induced by the interaction with silica nanoparticles is solely alpha-helical and also strongly pH-dependent. The present study shows that negatively charged vesicles, to which the peptides are electrostatically adsorbed via cationic amino acid residues, induce either alpha-helices or beta-sheets and that the conformation is dependent on both lipid composition and variations in peptide primary structure. The pH-dependence of the vesicle-induced peptide secondary structure is weak, which correlates well with small differences in the vesicles' electrophoretic mobility, and thus the surface charge, as the pH is varied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Nygren
- Division of Molecular Physics, IFM, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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Abstract
Proteinoid microspheres (PM) are unusual polymers formed by the thermal condensation of amino acids. Although they have been studied for over 60 years, they are only now beginning to garner interest as controlled release agents. Although they are very biocompatible, it has been problematic to design useful triggers that release small molecules from PM interiors. This has severely limited their usefulness. In the present study, short peptides have been successfully incorporated into PMs during their formation. The resulting hybrid peptide-PMs can release their interior content when hydrolyzed by a proteinase. Specifically, if a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) cleavage site peptide is incorporated into a PM, the peptide-PM will release interior contents only in the presence of the MMP recognizing the cleavage peptide. The release rate can be determined by the concentration of the peptide in the PM synthesis mixture. This potentially makes peptide-PMs useful for delivering inhibitors or drugs into acute and chronic wounds, periodontal disease sites, and other disease states involving the fine-tuned regulation of proteinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Quirk
- Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Roswell, Georgia 30076, USA.
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Quirk S. Triggered release of small molecules from proteinoid microspheres. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 91:391-9. [PMID: 18980224 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Proteinoid microspheres (PM) are formed by the thermal condensation of amino acids. They have been useful to further evolutionary theory, as catalysts for some biochemical reactions, but they have not been overly useful as controlled delivery agents. It is possible however to construct PMs that contain organic small molecules in the interior space. This means that a PM could be used as a delivery agent, if a suitable method could be discovered to cause the release of the internal material. This report describes the formation of a PM that includes a molecular bridging agent that can be removed in a reducing environment. Removal of the bridge opens a hole or window in the PM that allows the interior material to escape. The rate at which the interior material is released from the PM can be controlled by the size of the window or by the reduction potential in the environment. These PMs can be used to temporally treat a variety of complications including wounds (chronic or acute) by delivering a sequestered reagent in a controlled manner and are advantageous in that amino acids are the primary delivery vehicle breakdown product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Quirk
- Kimberly-Clark Corp, 1400 Holcomb Bridge Rd., Roswell, GA 30076, USA.
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