1
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Daumann LJ, Pol A, Op den Camp HJM, Martinez-Gomez NC. A perspective on the role of lanthanides in biology: Discovery, open questions and possible applications. Adv Microb Physiol 2022; 81:1-24. [PMID: 36167440 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Because of their use in high technologies like computers, smartphones and renewable energy applications, lanthanides (belonging to the group of rare earth elements) are essential for our daily lives. A range of applications in medicine and biochemical research made use of their photo-physical properties. The discovery of a biological role for lanthanides has boosted research in this new field. Several methanotrophs and methylotrophs are strictly dependent on the presence of lanthanides in the growth medium while others show a regulatory response. After the first demonstration of a lanthanide in the active site of the XoxF-type pyrroloquinoline quinone methanol dehydrogenases, follow-up studies showed the same for other pyrroloquinoline quinone-containing enzymes. In addition, research focused on the effect of lanthanides on regulation of gene expression and uptake mechanism into bacterial cells. This review briefly describes the discovery of the role of lanthanides in biology and focuses on open questions in biological lanthanide research and possible application of lanthanide-containing bacteria and enzymes in recovery of these special elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena J Daumann
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Arjan Pol
- Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Huub J M Op den Camp
- Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - N Cecilia Martinez-Gomez
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
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2
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Baek J, Si T, Kim HY, Oh K. Bioinspired o-Naphthoquinone-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes and Ketones. Org Lett 2022; 24:4982-4986. [PMID: 35796666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A biomimetic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)-like oxidation protocol was developed using an ortho-naphthoquinone catalyst in the presence of a catalytic amount of base. The developed organocatalytic aerobic oxidation protocol proceeds through the intramolecular 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer of naphthalene alkoxide intermediates, a mechanistically distinctive feature from the previous alcohol dehydrogenase mimics that require metals in the active form of catalysts. The ADH-like aerobic oxidation protocol should provide green alternatives to the existing stoichiometric and metal-catalyzed alcohol oxidation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisun Baek
- Center for Metareceptome Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Tengda Si
- Center for Metareceptome Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Young Kim
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsoo Oh
- Center for Metareceptome Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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3
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Bio-inspired lanthanum-ortho-quinone catalysis for aerobic alcohol oxidation: semi-quinone anionic radical as redox ligand. Nat Commun 2022; 13:428. [PMID: 35058479 PMCID: PMC8776754 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28102-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidation reactions are fundamental transformations in organic synthesis and chemical industry. With oxygen or air as terminal oxidant, aerobic oxidation catalysis provides the most sustainable and economic oxidation processes. Most aerobic oxidation catalysis employs redox metal as its active center. While nature provides non-redox metal strategy as in pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-dependent methanol dehydrogenases (MDH), such an effective chemical version is unknown. Inspired by the recently discovered rare earth metal-dependent enzyme Ln-MDH, here we show that an open-shell semi-quinone anionic radical species in complexing with lanthanum could serve as a very efficient aerobic oxidation catalyst under ambient conditions. In this catalyst, the lanthanum(III) ion serves only as a Lewis acid promoter and the redox process occurs exclusively on the semiquinone ligand. The catalysis is initiated by 1e--reduction of lanthanum-activated ortho-quinone to a semiquinone-lanthanum complex La(SQ-.)2, which undergoes a coupled O-H/C-H (PCHT: proton coupled hydride transfer) dehydrogenation for aerobic oxidation of alcohols with up to 330 h−1 TOF. A decade ago the first rare-earth-metal dependent enzyme was discovered, in which a non-redox lanthanide ion is central in the active site of a methanol dehydrogenase. Inspired by this discovery, here the authors show that an open-shell semi-quinone anionic radical species, complexed with lanthanum, could serve as a very efficient aerobic oxidation catalyst under ambient conditions.
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4
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Fujimoto T, Hirata Y, Sugimoto H, Miyanishi M, Shiota Y, Yoshizawa K, Itoh S. C(sp 3)-H bond activation by the carboxylate-adduct of osmium tetroxide (OsO 4). Dalton Trans 2021; 51:1123-1130. [PMID: 34951431 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03819b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of osmium tetroxide (OsO4) and carboxylate anions (acetate: X- = AcO- and benzoate: X- = BzO-) gave 1 : 1 adducts, [OsO4(X)]- (1X), the structures of which were determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. In both cases, the carboxylate anion X coordinates to the osmium centre to generate a distorted trigonal bipyramidal osmium(VIII) complex. The carboxylate adducts show a negative shift of the redox potentials (E1/2) and a red shift of the νOsO stretches as compared to those of tetrahedral OsO4 itself. Despite the negative shift of E1/2, the reactivity of these adduct complexes 1X was enhanced compared to that of OsO4 in benzylic C(sp3)-H bond oxidation. The reaction obeyed the first-order kinetics on both 1X and the substrates, giving the second-order rate constant (k2), which exhibits a linear correlation with the C-H bond dissociation energy (BDEC-H) of the substrates (xanthene, 9,10-dihydroanthracene, fluorene and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene) and a kinetic deuterium isotope effect (KIE) of 9.7 (k2(xanthene-h2)/k2(xanthene-d2)). On the basis of these kinetic data together with the DFT calculation results, we propose a stepwise reaction mechanism involving rate-limiting benzylic hydrogen atom abstraction and subsequent rebound of the generated organic radical intermediate to a remaining oxido group on the osmium centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Fujimoto
- Department of Molecular Chemistry, Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yuka Hirata
- Department of Molecular Chemistry, Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Hideki Sugimoto
- Department of Molecular Chemistry, Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Mayuko Miyanishi
- Institute for Material Chemistry and Engineering and International Research Center for Molecular System, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Yoshihito Shiota
- Institute for Material Chemistry and Engineering and International Research Center for Molecular System, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Material Chemistry and Engineering and International Research Center for Molecular System, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Shinobu Itoh
- Department of Molecular Chemistry, Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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5
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Knasin AL, Schelter EJ. Synthetic modeling of the structure and function of the rare-earth dependent methanol dehydrogenase cofactor. Methods Enzymol 2021; 650:19-55. [PMID: 33867022 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Historically, rare-earth ions have been considered irrelevant to biology. Recently, the active sites of certain methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) enzymes have been shown to contain a redox-inactive, rare-earth (RE) cation coordinated by the redox-active pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) cofactor. Importantly, it was demonstrated that rare earths were essential for the growth of certain methylotrophs that incorporated the XoxF-MDH. In this chapter, we summarize the optimized synthesis of a previously published rare-earth complex that serves as a model of the active site of this RE-containing MDH enzyme. The structure and reactivity of the metalated complex, [La(LQQ)(NO3)3] are also discussed. [La(LQQ)(NO3)3] catalytically oxidizes the test alcohol substrate, p-methylbenzyl alcohol, 4MeBnOH, to p-methylbenzaldehyde, 4MePhCHO, in the presence of a base (2,6-lutidine) and a terminal oxidant (ferrocenium hexafluorophosphate) with ~17 turnovers. By studying this synthetic model, we have developed a body of evidence about both the reactivity and the mechanism of dehydrogenation of alcohols as a molecular analogue to a native, rare-earth dependent enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison L Knasin
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Eric J Schelter
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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6
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Vetsova VA, Fisher KR, Lumpe H, Schäfer A, Schneider EK, Weis P, Daumann LJ. Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Aza-Crown Ether Complexes as Biomimetics for Lanthanide and Calcium Dependent Alcohol Dehydrogenases*. Chemistry 2021; 27:10087-10098. [PMID: 33872420 PMCID: PMC8361747 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the role of metal ions in biology can lead to the development of new catalysts for several industrially important transformations. Lanthanides are the most recent group of metal ions that have been shown to be important in biology, that is, in quinone‐dependent methanol dehydrogenases (MDH). Here we evaluate a literature‐known pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) and 1‐aza‐15‐crown‐5 based ligand platform as scaffold for Ca2+, Ba2+, La3+ and Lu3+ biomimetics of MDH and we evaluate the importance of ligand design, charge, size, counterions and base for the alcohol oxidation reaction using NMR spectroscopy. In addition, we report a new straightforward synthetic route (3 steps instead of 11 and 33 % instead of 0.6 % yield) for biomimetic ligands based on PQQ. We show that when studying biomimetics for MDH, larger metal ions and those with lower charge in this case promote the dehydrogenation reaction more effectively and that this is likely an effect of the ligand design which must be considered when studying biomimetics. To gain more information on the structures and impact of counterions of the complexes, we performed collision induced dissociation (CID) experiments and observe that the nitrates are more tightly bound than the triflates. To resolve the structure of the complexes in the gas phase we combined DFT‐calculations and ion mobility measurements (IMS). Furthermore, we characterized the obtained complexes and reaction mixtures using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and show the presence of a small amount of quinone‐based radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta A Vetsova
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Katherine R Fisher
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Henning Lumpe
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Schäfer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Erik K Schneider
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Patrick Weis
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lena J Daumann
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
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7
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Sarmiento-Pavía PD, Sosa-Torres ME. Bioinorganic insights of the PQQ-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. J Biol Inorg Chem 2021; 26:177-203. [PMID: 33606117 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-021-01852-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Among the several alcohol dehydrogenases, PQQ-dependent enzymes are mainly found in the α, β, and γ-proteobacteria. These proteins are classified into three main groups. Type I ADHs are localized in the periplasm and contain one Ca2+-PQQ moiety, being the methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) the most representative. In recent years, several lanthanide-dependent MDHs have been discovered exploding the understanding of the natural role of lanthanide ions. Type II ADHs are localized in the periplasm and possess one Ca2+-PQQ moiety and one heme c group. Finally, type III ADHs are complexes of two or three subunits localized in the cytoplasmic membrane and possess one Ca2+-PQQ moiety and four heme c groups, and in one of these proteins, an additional [2Fe-2S] cluster has been discovered recently. From the bioinorganic point of view, PQQ-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases have been revived recently mainly due to the discovery of the lanthanide-dependent enzymes. Here, we review the three types of PQQ-dependent ADHs with special focus on their structural features and electron transfer processes. The PQQ-Alcohol dehydrogenases are classified into three main groups. Type I and type II ADHs are located in the periplasm, while type III ADHs are in the cytoplasmic membrane. ADH-I have a Ca-PQQ or a Ln-PQQ, ADH-II a Ca-PQQ and one heme-c and ADH-III a Ca-PQQ and four hemes-c. This review focuses on their structural features and electron transfer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro D Sarmiento-Pavía
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Martha E Sosa-Torres
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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8
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Lumpe H, Mayer P, Daumann LJ. Crystal structure of a calcium(II)-pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) complex outside a protein environment. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2020; 76:1051-1056. [PMID: 33273141 PMCID: PMC7716187 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229620014278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is an important cofactor of calcium- and lanthanide-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases, and has been known for over 30 years. Crystal structures of Ca-MDH enzymes (MDH is methanol dehydrogenase) have been known for some time; however, crystal structures of PQQ with biorelevant metal ions have been lacking in the literature for decades. We report here the first crystal structure analysis of a Ca-PQQ complex outside the protein environment, namely, poly[[undecaaquabis(μ-4,5-dioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylato)tricalcium(II)] dihydrate], {[Ca3(C14H3N2O8)2(H2O)11]·2H2O}n. The complex crystallized as Ca3PQQ2·13H2O with Ca2+ in three different positions and PQQ3-, including an extensive hydrogen-bond network. Similarities and differences to the recently reported structure with biorelevant europium (Eu2PQQ2) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Lumpe
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Munich, Bavaria 81377, Germany
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Munich, Bavaria 81377, Germany
| | - Lena J. Daumann
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Munich, Bavaria 81377, Germany
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9
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Abstract
At least two types of pincer complexes are known to exist in biology. A metal-pyrroloquinolone quinone (PQQ) cofactor was first identified in bacterial methanol dehydrogenase, and later also found in selected short-chain alcohol dehydrogenases of other microorganisms. The PQQ-associated metal can be calcium, magnesium, or a rare earth element depending on the enzyme sequence. Synthesis of this organic ligand requires a series of accessory proteins acting on a small peptide, PqqA. Binding of metal to PQQ yields an ONO-type pincer complex. More recently, a nickel-pincer nucleotide (NPN) cofactor was discovered in lactate racemase, LarA. This cofactor derives from nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide via action of a carboxylase/hydrolase, sulfur transferase, and nickel insertase, resulting in an SCS-type pincer complex. The NPN cofactor likely occurs in selected other racemases and epimerases of bacteria, archaea, and a few eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Nevarez
- Department of Chemistry, 578 South Shaw Lane, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (USA)
| | - Aiko Turmo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 603 Wilson Road, Room 212, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (USA)
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Chemistry, 578 South Shaw Lane, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (USA).,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 603 Wilson Road, Room 212, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (USA)
| | - Robert P Hausinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 603 Wilson Road, Room 212, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (USA).,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, 567 Wilson Road, 2215 Biomedical Physical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (USA)
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10
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Stines-Chaumeil C, Mavré F, Kauffmann B, Mano N, Limoges B. Mechanism of Reconstitution/Activation of the Soluble PQQ-Dependent Glucose Dehydrogenase from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus: A Comprehensive Study. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:2015-2026. [PMID: 32039339 PMCID: PMC7003513 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ability to switch on the activity of an enzyme through its spontaneous reconstitution has proven to be a valuable tool in fundamental studies of enzyme structure/reactivity relationships or in the design of artificial signal transduction systems in bioelectronics, synthetic biology, or bioanalytical applications. In particular, those based on the spontaneous reconstitution/activation of the apo-PQQ-dependent soluble glucose dehydrogenase (sGDH) from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus were widely developed. However, the reconstitution mechanism of sGDH with its two cofactors, i.e., pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) and Ca2+, remains unknown. The objective here is to elucidate this mechanism by stopped-flow kinetics under single-turnover conditions. The reconstitution of sGDH exhibited biphasic kinetics, characteristic of a square reaction scheme associated with two activation pathways. From a complete kinetic analysis, we were able to fully predict the reconstitution dynamics and also to demonstrate that when PQQ first binds to apo-sGDH, it strongly impedes the access of Ca2+ to its enclosed position at the bottom of the enzyme binding site, thereby greatly slowing down the reconstitution rate of sGDH. This slow calcium insertion may purposely be accelerated by providing more flexibility to the Ca2+ binding loop through the specific mutation of the calcium-coordinating P248 proline residue, reducing thus the kinetic barrier to calcium ion insertion. The dynamic nature of the reconstitution process is also supported by the observation of a clear loop shift and a reorganization of the hydrogen-bonding network and van der Waals interactions observed in both active sites of the apo and holo forms, a structural change modulation that was revealed from the refined X-ray structure of apo-sGDH (PDB: 5MIN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Stines-Chaumeil
- CNRS,
Université de Bordeaux, CRPP, UMR 5031, 115 Avenue Schweitzer, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - François Mavré
- Université
de Paris, Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR
7591, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Brice Kauffmann
- CNRS
UMS 3033, INSERM US001, Université de Bordeaux, IECB, 2, Rue Robert Escarpit, F-33607 Pessac, France
| | - Nicolas Mano
- CNRS,
Université de Bordeaux, CRPP, UMR 5031, 115 Avenue Schweitzer, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Benoît Limoges
- Université
de Paris, Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR
7591, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
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11
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Daumann LJ. Essential and Ubiquitous: The Emergence of Lanthanide Metallobiochemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12795-12802. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lena J. Daumann
- Department of Chemistry Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstr. 5–13 81377 Munich Germany
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena J. Daumann
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstraße 5–13 81377 München Deutschland
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13
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Shimizu I, Morimoto Y, Velmurugan G, Gupta T, Paria S, Ohta T, Sugimoto H, Ogura T, Comba P, Itoh S. Characterization and Reactivity of a Tetrahedral Copper(II) Alkylperoxido Complex. Chemistry 2019; 25:11157-11165. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ikuma Shimizu
- Department of Material and Life Science, Division of, Advanced Science and BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka University 2-1 Yamada-oka Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Yuma Morimoto
- Department of Material and Life Science, Division of, Advanced Science and BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka University 2-1 Yamada-oka Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Gunasekaran Velmurugan
- Universität HeidelbergAnorganisch-Chemisches Institut and Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, INF 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Tulika Gupta
- Universität HeidelbergAnorganisch-Chemisches Institut and Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, INF 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sayantan Paria
- Department of Material and Life Science, Division of, Advanced Science and BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka University 2-1 Yamada-oka Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Takehiro Ohta
- Picobiology InstituteGraduate School of Life ScienceUniversity of Hyogo, RSC-UH LP center, Koto 1-1-1 Sayo-cho Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148 Japan
| | - Hideki Sugimoto
- Department of Material and Life Science, Division of, Advanced Science and BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka University 2-1 Yamada-oka Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Takashi Ogura
- Picobiology InstituteGraduate School of Life ScienceUniversity of Hyogo, RSC-UH LP center, Koto 1-1-1 Sayo-cho Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148 Japan
| | - Peter Comba
- Universität HeidelbergAnorganisch-Chemisches Institut and Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, INF 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Shinobu Itoh
- Department of Material and Life Science, Division of, Advanced Science and BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka University 2-1 Yamada-oka Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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14
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Lumpe H, Daumann LJ. Studies of Redox Cofactor Pyrroloquinoline Quinone and Its Interaction with Lanthanides(III) and Calcium(II). Inorg Chem 2019; 58:8432-8441. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henning Lumpe
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Lena J. Daumann
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
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15
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Kalimuthu P, Daumann LJ, Pol A, Op den Camp HJM, Bernhardt PV. Electrocatalysis of a Europium‐Dependent Bacterial Methanol Dehydrogenase with Its Physiological Electron‐Acceptor Cytochrome
c
GJ. Chemistry 2019; 25:8760-8768. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Palraj Kalimuthu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Australia
| | - Lena J. Daumann
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) and Department of Chemistry Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstr. 5–13, Haus D 81377 München Germany
| | - Arjan Pol
- Department of Microbiology Institute of Wetland and Water Research Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Huub J. M. Op den Camp
- Department of Microbiology Institute of Wetland and Water Research Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Paul V. Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Australia
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16
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Jahn B, Pol A, Lumpe H, Barends TRM, Dietl A, Hogendoorn C, Op den Camp HJM, Daumann LJ. Similar but Not the Same: First Kinetic and Structural Analyses of a Methanol Dehydrogenase Containing a Europium Ion in the Active Site. Chembiochem 2018; 19:1147-1153. [PMID: 29524328 PMCID: PMC6100108 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the biological relevance of rare earth elements (REEs) for numerous different bacteria, questions concerning the advantages of REEs in the active sites of methanol dehydrogenases (MDHs) over calcium(II) and of why bacteria prefer light REEs have been a subject of debate. Here we report the cultivation and purification of the strictly REE-dependent methanotrophic bacterium Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum SolV with europium(III), as well as structural and kinetic analyses of the first methanol dehydrogenase incorporating Eu in the active site. Crystal structure determination of the Eu-MDH demonstrated that overall no major structural changes were induced by conversion to this REE. Circular dichroism (CD) measurements were used to determine optimal conditions for kinetic assays, whereas inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) showed 70 % incorporation of Eu in the enzyme. Our studies explain why bacterial growth of SolV in the presence of Eu3+ is significantly slower than in the presence of La3+ /Ce3+ /Pr3+ : Eu-MDH possesses a decreased catalytic efficiency. Although REEs have similar properties, the differences in ionic radii and coordination numbers across the series significantly impact MDH efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bérénice Jahn
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenDepartment ChemieButenandtstr. 5–1381377MünchenGermany
| | - Arjan Pol
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Wetland and Water ResearchRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Henning Lumpe
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenDepartment ChemieButenandtstr. 5–1381377MünchenGermany
| | - Thomas R. M. Barends
- Department of Biomolecular MechanismsMax-Planck Institute for Medical ResearchJahnstrasse 2969120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Andreas Dietl
- Department of Biomolecular MechanismsMax-Planck Institute for Medical ResearchJahnstrasse 2969120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Carmen Hogendoorn
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Wetland and Water ResearchRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Huub J. M. Op den Camp
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Wetland and Water ResearchRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Lena J. Daumann
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenDepartment ChemieButenandtstr. 5–1381377MünchenGermany
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17
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McSkimming A, Cheisson T, Carroll PJ, Schelter EJ. Functional Synthetic Model for the Lanthanide-Dependent Quinoid Alcohol Dehydrogenase Active Site. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1223-1226. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex McSkimming
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos
Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Thibault Cheisson
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos
Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Patrick J. Carroll
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos
Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Eric J. Schelter
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos
Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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18
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Selective bio-oxidation of propane to acetone using methane-oxidizing Methylomonas sp. DH-1. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 44:1097-1105. [PMID: 28321646 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-017-1936-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Propane is the major component of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Nowadays, the use of LPG is decreasing, and thus utilization of propane as a chemical feedstock is in need of development. An efficient biological conversion of propane to acetone using a methanotrophic whole cell as the biocatalyst was proposed and investigated. A bio-oxidation pathway of propane to acetone in Methylomonas sp. DH-1 was analyzed by gene expression profiling via RNA sequencing. Propane was oxidized to 2-propanol by particulate methane monooxygenase and subsequently to acetone by methanol dehydrogenases. Methylomonas sp. DH-1 was deficient in acetone-converting enzymes and thus accumulated acetone in the absence of any enzyme inhibition. The maximum accumulation, average productivity and specific productivity of acetone were 16.62 mM, 0.678 mM/h and 0.141 mmol/g cell/h, respectively, under the optimized conditions. Our study demonstrates a novel method for the bioconversion of propane to acetone using methanotrophs under mild reaction condition.
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19
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Goriya Y, Kim HY, Oh K. o-Naphthoquinone-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Amines to (Ket)imines: A Modular Catalyst Approach. Org Lett 2016; 18:5174-5177. [PMID: 27681834 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A modular aerobic oxidation of amines to imines has been achieved using an ortho-naphthoquinone (o-NQ) catalyst. The cooperative catalyst system of o-NQ and Cu(OAc)2 enabled the formation of homocoupled imines from benzylamines, while the presence of TFA helped the formation of cross-coupled imines in excellent yields. The current mild aerobic oxidation protocol could also be applied to the oxidation of secondary amines to imines or ketimines with the help of cocatalyst, Ag2CO3, with excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Goriya
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Young Kim
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsoo Oh
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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20
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Wendlandt AE, Stahl SS. Quinone-Catalyzed Selective Oxidation of Organic Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:14638-58. [PMID: 26530485 PMCID: PMC4859943 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Quinones are common stoichiometric reagents in organic chemistry. Para-quinones with high reduction potentials, such as DDQ and chloranil, are widely used and typically promote hydride abstraction. In recent years, many catalytic applications of these methods have been achieved by using transition metals, electrochemistry, or O2 to regenerate the oxidized quinone in situ. Complementary studies have led to the development of a different class of quinones that resemble the ortho-quinone cofactors in copper amine oxidases and mediate the efficient and selective aerobic and/or electrochemical dehydrogenation of amines. The latter reactions typically proceed by electrophilic transamination and/or addition-elimination reaction mechanisms, rather than hydride abstraction pathways. The collective observations show that the quinone structure has a significant influence on the reaction mechanism and has important implications for the development of new quinone reagents and quinone-catalyzed transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison E Wendlandt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (USA)
| | - Shannon S Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (USA).
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21
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Wendlandt AE, Stahl SS. Chinon‐katalysierte, selektive Oxidation organischer Moleküle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201505017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alison E. Wendlandt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin‐Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (USA)
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin‐Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (USA)
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Dalian Institute
of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National
Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lianyue Wang
- Dalian Institute
of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National
Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Dalian Institute
of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National
Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, China
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23
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Dorfner WL, Carroll PJ, Schelter EJ. Substituted Quinoline Quinones as Surrogates for the PQQ Cofactor: An Electrochemical and Computational Study. Org Lett 2015; 17:1850-3. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter L. Dorfner
- P. Roy
and Diana T. Vagelos
Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231
South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Patrick J. Carroll
- P. Roy
and Diana T. Vagelos
Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231
South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Eric J. Schelter
- P. Roy
and Diana T. Vagelos
Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231
South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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24
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Mitome H, Ishizuka T, Shiota Y, Yoshizawa K, Kojima T. Controlling the redox properties of a pyrroloquinolinequinone (PQQ) derivative in a ruthenium(ii) coordination sphere. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:3151-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03358b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Difference in the coordination modes of pyrroloquinolinequinone (PQQ), a redox-active heteroaromatic cofactor, in ruthenium(ii) complexes, drastically affects the stability of the metal coordination and the reversibility of the reduction process of the PQQ ligand. Additional metal-ion binding to the PQQ ligand largely raises its 1e−-reduction potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroumi Mitome
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | | | - Yoshihito Shiota
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and International Research Centre for Molecular System
- Kyushu University
- Nishi-Ku
- Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and International Research Centre for Molecular System
- Kyushu University
- Nishi-Ku
- Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts & Batteries
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25
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Wendlandt AE, Stahl SS. Bioinspired aerobic oxidation of secondary amines and nitrogen heterocycles with a bifunctional quinone catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:506-12. [PMID: 24328193 PMCID: PMC3985088 DOI: 10.1021/ja411692v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Copper amine oxidases are a family of enzymes with quinone cofactors that oxidize primary amines to aldehydes. The native mechanism proceeds via an iminoquinone intermediate that promotes high selectivity for reactions with primary amines, thereby constraining the scope of potential biomimetic synthetic applications. Here we report a novel bioinspired quinone catalyst system consisting of 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione/ZnI2 that bypasses these constraints via an abiological pathway involving a hemiaminal intermediate. Efficient aerobic dehydrogenation of non-native secondary amine substrates, including pharmaceutically relevant nitrogen heterocycles, is demonstrated. The ZnI2 cocatalyst activates the quinone toward amine oxidation and provides a source of iodide, which plays an important redox-mediator role to promote aerobic catalytic turnover. These findings provide a valuable foundation for broader development of aerobic oxidation reactions employing quinone-based catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison E. Wendlandt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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26
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Tano T, Ertem MZ, Yamaguchi S, Kunishita A, Sugimoto H, Fujieda N, Ogura T, Cramer CJ, Itoh S. Reactivity of copper(II)-alkylperoxo complexes. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:10326-36. [PMID: 21808769 DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10656b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Copper(II) complexes 1a and 1b, supported by tridentate ligand bpa [bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine] and tetradentate ligand tpa [tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine], respectively, react with cumene hydroperoxide (CmOOH) in the presence of triethylamine in CH(3)CN to provide the corresponding copper(II) cumylperoxo complexes 2a and 2b, the formation of which has been confirmed by resonance Raman and ESI-MS analyses using (18)O-labeled CmOOH. UV-vis and ESR spectra as well as DFT calculations indicate that 2a has a 5-coordinate square-pyramidal structure involving CmOO(-) at an equatorial position and one solvent molecule at an axial position at low temperature (-90 °C), whereas a 4-coordinate square-planar structure that has lost the axial solvent ligand is predominant at higher temperatures (above 0 °C). Complex 2b, on the other hand, has a typical trigonal bipyramidal structure with the tripodal tetradentate tpa ligand, where the cumylperoxo ligand occupies an axial position. Both cumylperoxo copper(II) complexes 2a and 2b are fairly stable at ambient temperature, but decompose at a higher temperature (60 °C) in CH(3)CN. Detailed product analyses and DFT studies indicate that the self-decomposition involves O-O bond homolytic cleavage of the peroxo moiety; concomitant hydrogen-atom abstraction from the solvent is partially involved. In the presence of 1,4-cyclohexadiene (CHD), the cumylperoxo complexes react smoothly at 30 °C to give benzene as one product. Detailed product analyses and DFT studies indicate that reaction with CHD involves concerted O-O bond homolytic cleavage and hydrogen-atom abstraction from the substrate, with the oxygen atom directly bonded to the copper(II) ion (proximal oxygen) involved in the C-H bond activation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Tano
- Department of Material and Life Science, Division of Advanced Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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27
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Idupulapati N, Mainardi D. Coordination and binding of ions in Ca2+- and Ba2+-containing methanol dehydrogenase and interactions with methanol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2009.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Fukuzumi S. Roles of Metal Ions in Controlling Bioinspired Electron-Transfer Systems. Metal Ion-Coupled Electron Transfer. PROGRESS IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470440124.ch2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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29
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Idupulapati N, Mainardi D. A DMol3study of the methanol addition–elimination oxidation mechanism by methanol dehydrogenase enzyme. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/08927020802235656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N.B. Idupulapati
- a Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University , Ruston, USA
| | - D.S. Mainardi
- b Chemical Engineering Program, Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University , Ruston, USA
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30
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Shao Y, Sheng X, Li Y, Jia ZL, Zhang JJ, Liu F, Lu GY. DNA Binding and Cleaving Activity of the New Cleft Molecule N,N′-Bis(guanidinoethyl)-2,6-pyridinedicarboxamide in the Absence or in the Presence of Copper(II). Bioconjug Chem 2008; 19:1840-8. [DOI: 10.1021/bc800062g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shao
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Sheng
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Li Jia
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Yuan Lu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
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31
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Yuasa J, Yamada S, Fukuzumi S. Accelerating and Decelerating Effects of Metal Ions on Electron-Transfer Reduction of Quinones as a Function of Temperature and Binding Modes of Metal Ions to Semiquinone Radical Anions. Chemistry 2008; 14:1866-74. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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32
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Yuasa J, Fukuzumi S. OFF−OFF−ON Switching of Fluorescence and Electron Transfer Depending on Stepwise Complex Formation of a Host Ligand with Guest Metal Ions. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 130:566-75. [DOI: 10.1021/ja0748480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Yuasa
- Department of Material and Life Science, Division of Advanced Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Material and Life Science, Division of Advanced Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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33
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Yuasa J, Yamada S, Fukuzumi S. A mechanistic dichotomy in scandium ion-promoted hydride transfer of an NADH analogue: delicate balance between one-step hydride-transfer and electron-transfer pathways. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 128:14938-48. [PMID: 17105305 DOI: 10.1021/ja064708a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The rate constant (kH) of hydride transfer from an NADH analogue, 9,10-dihydro-10-methylacridine (AcrH2), to 1-(p-tolylsulfinyl)-2,5-benzoquinone (TolSQ) increases with increasing Sc(3+) concentration ([Sc(3+)]) to reach a constant value, when all TolSQ molecules form the TolSQ-Sc(3+) complex. When AcrH2 is replaced by the dideuterated compound (AcrD2), however, the rate constant (kD) increases linearly with an increase in ([Sc(3+)]) without exhibiting a saturation behavior. In such a case, the primary kinetic deuterium isotope effect (kH/kD) decreases with increasing ([Sc(3+)]). On the other hand, the rate constant of Sc(3+)-promoted electron transfer from tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium [Ir(ppy)3]to TolSQ also increases linearly with increasing ([Sc(3+)]) at high concentrations of Sc(3+) due to formation of a 1:2 complex between TolSQ*- and Sc(3+), [TolSQ*--(Sc(3+)2], which was detected by ESR. The significant difference with regard to dependence of the rate constant of hydride transfer on ([Sc(3+)]) between AcrH2 and AcrD2 in comparison with that of Sc3+-promoted electron transfer indicates that the reaction pathway is changed from one-step hydride transfer from AcrH2 to the TolSQ-Sc3+ complex to Sc3+-promoted electron transfer from AcrD2 to the TolSQ-Sc3+ complex, followed by proton and electron transfer. Such a change between two reaction pathways, which are employed simultaneously, is also observed by simple changes of temperature and concentration of Sc3+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Yuasa
- Department of Material and Life Science, Division of Advanced Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Yuasa J, Suenobu T, Fukuzumi S. Binding modes in metal ion complexes of quinones and semiquinone radical anions: electron-transfer reactivity. Chemphyschem 2007; 7:942-54. [PMID: 16521156 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200500640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
9,10-Phenanthrenequinone (PQ) and 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione (PTQ) form 1:1 and 2:1 complexes with metal ions (M (n+)=Sc (3+), Y (3+), Mg (2+), and Ca (2+)) in acetonitrile (MeCN), respectively. The binding constants of PQ--M (n+) complexes vary depending on either the Lewis acidity or ion radius of metal ions. The one-electron reduced species (PTQ(-)) forms 1:1 complexes with M (n+), and PQ(-) also forms 1:1 complexes with Sc(3+), Mg(2+), and Ca(2+), whereas PQ(-) forms 1:2 complexes with Y(3+) and La(3+), as indicated by electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements. On the other hand, semiquinone radical anions (Q(-) and NQ(-)) derived from p-benzoquinone (Q) and 1,4-naphthoquinone (NQ) form Sc(3+)-bridged pi-dimer radical anion complexes, Q(-)--(Sc(3+))(n)--Q and NQ(-)--(Sc(3+))(n)-NQ (n=2 and 3), respectively. The one-electron reduction potentials of quinones (PQ, PTQ, and Q) are largely positively shifted in the presence of M (n+). The rate constant of electron transfer from CoTPP (TPP(2-)=dianion of tetraphenylporphyrin) to PQ increases with increasing the concentration of Sc(3+) to reach a constant value, when all PQ molecules form the 1:1 complex with Sc(3+). Rates of electron transfer from 10,10'-dimethyl-9,9'-biacridine [(AcrH)(2)] to PTQ are also accelerated significantly by the presence of Sc(3+), Y(3+), and Mg(2+), exhibiting a first-order dependence with respect to concentrations of metal ions. In contrast to the case of o-quinones, unusually high kinetic orders are observed for rates of Sc(3+)-promoted electron transfer from tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium(III) [Ir(ppy)(3)] to p-quinones (Q): second-order dependence on concentration of Q, and second- and third-order dependence on concentration of Sc(3+) due to formation of highly ordered radical anion complexes, Q()--(Sc(3+))(n)--Q (n=2 and 3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Yuasa
- Department of Material and Life Science, Division of Advanced Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan
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35
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Qiao C, Ling KQ, Shepard EM, Dooley DM, Sayre LM. Mechanism-Based Cofactor Derivatization of a Copper Amine Oxidase by a Branched Primary Amine Recruits the Oxidase Activity of the Enzyme to Turn Inactivator into Substrate. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:6206-19. [PMID: 16669691 DOI: 10.1021/ja058838f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The copper amine oxidases (CAOs) have evolved to catalyze oxidative deamination of unbranchedprimary amines to aldehydes. We report that a branched primary amine bearing an aromatization-prone moiety, ethyl 4-amino-4,5-dihydrothiophene-2-carboxylate (1), is recognized enantioselectively (S >> R) by bovine plasma amine oxidase (BPAO) both as a temporary inactivator and as a substrate. Substrate activity results from an O(2)-dependent turnover of the covalently modified enzyme, with release of 4-aminothiophene-2-carboxylate (2) as ultimate product. Interaction of (S)-1 with BPAO occurs within the enzyme active site with a dissociation constant of 0.76 microM. Evidence from kinetic and spectroscopic studies, and HPLC analysis of stoichiometric reactions of BPAO with (S)-1, combined with a model study using a quinone cofactor mimic, establishes that the enzyme metabolizes 1 according to a transamination mechanism. Following the initial isomerization of substrate Schiff base to product Schiff base, a facile aromatization of the latter results in a metastable N-aryl derivative of the reduced cofactor aminoresorcinol, which is catalytically inactive. The latter derivative is then slowly oxidized by O(2), apparently facilitated partially by the active-site Cu(II), to form a quinonimine of the native cofactor that releases 2 upon hydrolysis or transimination with substrate amine. Preferential metabolism of (S)-1 is consistent with the preferential removal of the pro-Salpha-proton in metabolism of benzylamine by BPAO. This study represents the first report of product identification in metabolism of a branched primary amine by a copper amine oxidase and suggests a novel type of reversible mechanism-based (covalent) inhibition where inhibition lifetime can be fine-tuned independently of inhibition potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Qiao
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Nojiri M, Hira D, Yamaguchi K, Okajima T, Tanizawa K, Suzuki S. Preparation and Characterization of Ca2+-free Methanol Dehydrogenase fromHyphomicrobium denitrificansA3151. CHEM LETT 2005. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2005.1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Okamoto K, Ohkubo K, Kadish KM, Fukuzumi S. Remarkable Accelerating Effects of Ammonium Cations on Electron-Transfer Reactions of Quinones by Hydrogen Bonding with Semiquinone Radical Anions. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp046078+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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38
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Reddy SY, Bruice TC. In silico studies of the mechanism of methanol oxidation by quinoprotein methanol dehydrogenase. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:8141-50. [PMID: 12837084 DOI: 10.1021/ja034406y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of bacterial methanol dehydrogenase involves hydride equivalent transfer from substrate to the ortho-quinone PQQ to provide a C5-reduced intermediate that subsequently rearranges to the hydroquinone PQQH(2). We have studied the PQQ reduction by molecular dynamic (MD) simulations in aqueous solution. Among the five simulated structures, either Asp297 or Glu171 or both are ionized. Reasonable structures are obtained only when both carboxyl groups are ionized. This is not unexpected since the kinetic pH optimum is 9.0. In the structure of the enzyme.PQQ.HOCH(3) complex, the hydrogen bonded Glu171-CO(2)(-).H-OCH(3) is in a position to act as a general base catalyst for hydride equivalent transfer to C5 of PQQ. We thus suggest that Glu171 plays the role of general base catalyst in PQQ reduction rather than Asp297 as previously suggested. The reduction is assisted by Arg324, which hydrogen bonds to the ortho-quinone moiety of PQQ. The rearrangement of the C5-reduced intermediate to provide hydroquinone PQQH(2) is also assisted by proton abstraction by Glu171-CO(2)(-) and the continuous hydrogen bonding of Arg324 throughout the entire reaction. These features as well as the mapping of the channel for substrate and water into the active site entrance are the observations of major importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnalatha Y Reddy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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Reddy SY, Mathews F, Zheng YJ, Bruice TC. Quinoprotein methanol dehydrogenase: a molecular dynamics study and comparison with crystal structure. J Mol Struct 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2860(03)00257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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40
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Oubrie A. Structure and mechanism of soluble glucose dehydrogenase and other PQQ-dependent enzymes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2003; 1647:143-51. [PMID: 12686124 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-9639(03)00087-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper discusses recent X-ray structures of several pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-dependent proteins in relation to their proposed modes of action. In addition, a detailed analysis of redox-related structural changes in the soluble PQQ-dependent glucose dehydrogenase is presented. A sequence comparison of that enzyme with a number of homologues shows that PQQ-dependent enzymes are much more widespread than has been assumed so far. In particular, the presence of a PQQ-dependent enzyme in at least one archaeon opens up the possibility that PQQ has been involved in prokaryotic metabolism since the early days of the evolution of bacterial life on earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Oubrie
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
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Anthony C, Williams P. The structure and mechanism of methanol dehydrogenase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2003; 1647:18-23. [PMID: 12686102 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-9639(03)00042-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This is a review of recent work on methanol dehydrogenase (MDH), a pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-containing enzyme catalysing the oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde in methylotrophic bacteria. Although it is the most extensively studied of this class of dehydrogenases, it is only recently that there has been any consensus about its mechanism. This is partly due to recent structural studies on normal and mutant enzymes and partly due to more definitive work on the mechanism of related alcohol and glucose dehydrogenases. This work has also led to conclusions about the subsequent path of electrons and protons during the reoxidation of the reduced quinol form of the prosthetic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Anthony
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton S016 7PX, Hants, Southampton, UK.
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42
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Fukuzumi S, Yuasa J, Suenobu T. Scandium ion-promoted reduction of heterocyclic N=N double bond. Hydride transfer vs electron transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:12566-73. [PMID: 12381201 DOI: 10.1021/ja026592y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hydride transfer from 10-methyl-9,10-dihydroacridine (AcrH(2)) to 3,6-diphenyl-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (Ph(2)Tz), which contains a N=N double bond, occurs efficiently in the presence of Sc(OTf)(3) (OTf = OSO(2)CF(3)) in deaerated acetonitrile (MeCN) at 298 K, whereas no reaction occurs in the absence of Sc(3+). The observed second-order rate constant (k(obs)) increases with increasing Sc(3+) concentration to approach a limited value. When AcrH(2) is replaced by the dideuterated compound (AcrD(2)), the rate of Sc(3+)-promoted hydride transfer exhibits the same primary kinetic isotope effect (k(H)/k(D) = 5.2+/-0.2), irrespective of Sc(3+) concentration. Scandium ion also promotes an electron transfer from CoTPP (TPP(2)(-) = tetraphenylporphyrin dianion) and 10,10'-dimethyl-9,9'-biacridine [(AcrH)(2)] to Ph(2)Tz, whereas no electron transfer from CoTPP or (AcrH)(2) to Ph(2)Tz occurs in the absence of Sc(3+). In each case, the observed second-order rate constant of electron transfer (k(et)) shows a first-order dependence on [Sc(3+)] at low concentrations and a second-order dependence at higher concentrations. Such dependence of k(et) on [Sc(3+)] is ascribed to formation of 1:1 and 1:2 complexes between Ph(2)Tz(*)(-) and Sc(3+) at the low and high concentrations of Sc(3+), respectively, which results in acceleration of the rate of electron transfer. The formation of 1:2 complex has been confirmed by the ESR spectrum in which the hyperfine structure is different from that of free Ph(2)Tz(*)(-). The 1:2 complex formation results in the saturated kinetic dependence of k(obs) on [Sc(3+)] for the Sc(3+)-promoted hydride transfer, which proceeds via Sc(3+)-promoted electron transfer from AcrH(2) to Ph(2)Tz, followed by proton transfer from AcrH(2)(*)(+) to the 1:1 Ph(2)Tz(*)(-)-Sc(3+) complex and the subsequent facile electron transfer from AcrH(*) to Ph(2)TzH(*). The effects of counteranions on the Sc(3+)-promoted electron transfer and hydride transfer reactions are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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43
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Davidson VL. Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) from methanol dehydrogenase and tryptophan tryptophylquinone (TTQ) from methylamine dehydrogenase. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 2002; 58:95-140. [PMID: 11665494 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3233(01)58003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V L Davidson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, USA
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Fukuzumi S, Fujii Y, Suenobu T. Metal ion-catalyzed cycloaddition vs hydride transfer reactions of NADH analogues with p-benzoquinones. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:10191-9. [PMID: 11603968 DOI: 10.1021/ja016370k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
1-Benzyl-4-tert-butyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (t-BuBNAH) reacts efficiently with p-benzoquinone (Q) to yield a [2+3] cycloadduct (1) in the presence of Sc(OTf)(3) (OTf = OSO(2)CF(3)) in deaerated acetonitrile (MeCN) at room temperature, while no reaction occurs in the absence of Sc(3+). The crystal structure of 1 has been determined by the X-ray crystal analysis. When t-BuBNAH is replaced by 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (BNAH), the Sc(3+)-catalyzed cycloaddition reaction of BNAH with Q also occurs to yield the [2+3] cycloadduct. Sc(3+) forms 1:4 complexes with t-BuBNAH and BNAH in MeCN, whereas there is no interaction between Sc(3+) and Q. The observed second-order rate constant (k(obs)) shows a first-order dependence on [Sc(3+)] at low concentrations and a second-order dependence at higher concentrations. The first-order and the second-order dependence of the rate constant (k(et)) on [Sc(3+)] was also observed for the Sc(3+)-promoted electron transfer from CoTPP (TPP = tetraphenylporphyrin dianion) to Q. Such dependence of k(et) on [Sc(3+)] is ascribed to formation of 1:1 and 1:2 complexes between Q(*)(-) and Sc(3+) at the low and high concentrations of Sc(3+), respectively, which results in acceleration of the rate of electron transfer. The formation constants for the 1:2 complex (K(2)) between the radical anions of a series of p-benzoquinone derivatives (X-Q(*)(-)) and Sc(3+) are determined from the dependence of k(et) on [Sc(3+)]. The K(2) values agree well with those determined from the dependence of k(obs) on [Sc(3+)] for the Sc(3+)-catalyzed addition reaction of t-BuBNAH and BNAH with X-Q. Such an agreement together with the absence of the deuterium kinetic isotope effects indicates that the addition proceeds via the Sc(3+)-promoted electron transfer from t-BuBNAH and BNAH to Q. When Sc(OTf)(3) is replaced by weaker Lewis acids such as Lu(OTf)(3), Y(OTf)(3), and Mg(ClO(4))(2), the hydride transfer reaction from BNAH to Q also occurs besides the cycloaddition reaction and the k(obs) value decreases with decreasing the Lewis acidity of the metal ion. Such a change in the type of reaction from a cycloaddition to a hydride transfer depending on the Lewis acidity of metal ions employed as a catalyst is well accommodated by the common reaction mechanism featuring the metal-ion promoted electron transfer from BNAH to Q.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fukuzumi
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, CREST, Japan
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Abstract
This review summarises the characteristics, identification, and measurement of pyrroloquinoline quinone, the prosthetic group of bacterial quinoprotein dehydrogenases whose structures, mechanisms, and electron transport functions are described in detail. Type I alcohol dehydrogenase includes the "classic" methanol dehydrogenase; its x-ray structure and mechanism are discussed in detail. It is likely that its mechanism involves a direct hydride transfer rather than a mechanism involving a covalent adduct. The x-ray structure of a closely related ethanol dehydrogenase is also described. The type II alcohol dehydrogenase is a soluble quinohaemoprotein, having a C-terminal extension containing haem C, which provides an excellent opportunity for the study of intraprotein electron transfer processes. The type III alcohol dehydrogenase is similar but it has two additional subunits (one of which is a multihaem cytochrome c) bound in an unusual way to the periplasmic membrane. One type of glucose dehydrogenase is a soluble quinoprotein whose role in energy transduction is uncertain. Its x-ray structure (in the presence and absence of substrate) is described together with the detailed mechanism, which also involves a direct hydride transfer. The more widely distributed glucose dehydrogenases are integral membrane proteins, bound to the membrane by transmembrane helices at the N-terminus.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Anthony
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, UK.
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Abstract
Redox coenzymes and analogs have their own redox reactivities for both thermal and photochemical redox reactions. The redox activities of coenzymes can be tuned by using metal ions that can bind the redox coenzymes and analogs. Quantitative measure to determine the Lewis acidity of a variety of metal ions is given in relation to the catalytic reactivities. The mechanistic viability of metal ion catalysis in redox reactions of coenzyme analogs is described by showing a number of examples of both thermal and photochemical reactions that are made possible to proceed by controlling the redox reactivities of coenzymes with metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fukuzumi
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, CREST, JAPAN Science and Technology Corporation, Suita.
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Sato A, Takagi K, Kano K, Kato N, Duine JA, Ikeda T. Ca(2+) stabilizes the semiquinone radical of pyrroloquinoline quinone. Biochem J 2001; 357:893-8. [PMID: 11463363 PMCID: PMC1222022 DOI: 10.1042/0264-6021:3570893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Spectroelectrochemical studies were performed on the interaction between Ca(2+) and pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) in soluble glucose dehydrogenase (sGDH) and in the free state by applying a mediated continuous-flow column electrolytic spectroelectrochemical technique. The enzyme forms used were holo-sGDH (the holo-form of sGDH from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus) and an incompletely reconstituted form of this, holo-X, in which the PQQ-activating Ca(2+) is lacking. The spectroelectrochemical and ESR data clearly demonstrated the generation of the semiquinone radical of PQQ in holo-sGDH and in the free state in the presence of Ca(2+). In contrast, in the absence of Ca(2+) no semiquinone was observed, either for PQQ in the free state (at pH 7.0) or in the enzyme (holo-X). Incorporation of Ca(2+) into the active site of holo-X, yielding holo-sGDH, caused not only stabilization of the semiquinone form of PQQ but also a negative shift (of 26.5 mV) of the two-electron redox potential, indicating that the effect of Ca(2+) is stronger on the oxidized than on the reduced PQQ. Combining these data with the observations on the kinetic and chemical mechanisms, it was concluded that the strong stimulating effect of Ca(2+) on the activity of sGDH can be attributed to facilitation of certain kinetic steps, and not to improvement of the thermodynamics of substrate oxidation. The consequences of this conclusion are discussed for the oxidative as well as for the reductive part of the reaction of sGDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sato
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Itoh S, Kumei H, Nagatomo S, Kitagawa T, Fukuzumi S. Effects of metal ions on physicochemical properties and redox reactivity of phenolates and phenoxyl radicals: mechanistic insight into hydrogen atom abstraction by phenoxyl radical-metal complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:2165-75. [PMID: 11456861 DOI: 10.1021/ja0036110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phenolate and phenoxyl radical complexes of a series of alkaline earth metal ions as well as monovalent cations such as Na+ and K+ have been prepared by using 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-(1,4,7,10-tetraoxa-13-aza-cyclopentadec-13-ylmethyl)phenol (L1H) and 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-(1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxa-16-aza-cyclooctadec-16-ylmethyl)phenol (L2H) to examine the effects of the cations on the structure, physicochemical properties and redox reactivity of the phenolate and phenoxyl radical complexes. Crystal structures of the Mg2+- and Ca2+-complexes of L1- as well as the Ca2+- and Sr2+-complexes of L2- were determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis, showing that the crown ether rings in the Ca2+-complexes are significantly distorted from planarity, whereas those in the Mg2+- and Sr2+-complexes are fairly flat. The spectral features (UV-vis) as well as the redox potentials of the phenolate complexes are also influenced by the metal ions, depending on the Lewis acidity of the metal ions. The phenoxyl radical complexes are successfully generated in situ by the oxidation of the phenolate complexes with (NH4)(2)[Ce4+(NO3)6] (CAN). They exhibited strong absorption bands around 400 nm together with a broad one around 600-900 nm, the latter of which is also affected by the metal ions. The phenoxyl radical-metal complexes are characterized by resonance Raman, ESI-MS, and ESR spectra, and the metal ion effects on those spectroscopic features are also discussed. Stability and reactivity of the phenoxyl radical-metal complexes are significantly different, depending on the type of metal ions. The disproportionation of the phenoxyl radicals is significantly retarded by the electronic repulsion between the metal cation and a generated organic cation (Ln+), leading to stabilization of the radicals. On the other hand, divalent cations decelerate the rate of hydrogen atom abstraction from 10-methyl-9,10-dihydroacridine (AcrH2) and its 9-substituted derivatives (AcrHR) by the phenoxyl radicals. On the basis of primary kinetic deuterium isotope effects and energetic consideration of the electron-transfer step from AcrH2 to the phenoxyl radical-metal complexes, we propose that the hydrogen atom abstraction by the phenoxyl radical-alkaline earth metal complexes proceeds via electron transfer followed by proton transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Itoh
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- C Anthony
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 7PX
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50
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Mano N, Kuhn A. Cation induced amplification of the electrocatalytic oxidation of NADH by immobilized nitro-fluorenone derivatives. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(00)00249-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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