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Rajan S, Yoon HS. Covalent ligands of nuclear receptors. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115869. [PMID: 37857142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are ligand-induced transcriptional factors implicated in several physiological pathways. Naïve ligands bind to their cognate receptors and modulate gene expression as agonists or antagonists. It has been observed that some ligands bind via covalent bonding with the NR Ligand Binding Domain (LBD) residues. While many such instances have been known since the 1980s, a consolidated account of these ligands and their interactions with NR-LBD is yet to be documented. To negate this, we have culled out the human NR-LBDs that form a covalent attachment with ligands. According to the study, 16 of the 48 human NRs have been targeted by covalent ligands. It was found that conserved cysteines prone to covalent attachment are predominantly located in NR-LBD helices 3 and 11. These conserved cysteines are also observed in many of the remaining NRs, which can be probed for their reactivity. Thus, the structural insights into NR-LBD interactions with covalent ligands presented here would aid drug discovery efforts targeting NRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreekanth Rajan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore
| | - Ho Sup Yoon
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore; College of Pharmacy, CHA University, 120 Haeryong-ro, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 11160, Republic of Korea; CHA Advanced Research Institute, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Wang Y, Min J, Deng X, Feng T, Hu H, Guo X, Cheng Y, Xie B, Yang Y, Chen CC, Guo RT, Dong C, Zhou HB. Discovery of novel covalent selective estrogen receptor degraders against endocrine-resistant breast cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:4963-4982. [PMID: 38045063 PMCID: PMC10692362 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine-resistance remains a major challenge in estrogen receptor α positive (ERα+) breast cancer (BC) treatment and constitutively active somatic mutations in ERα are a common mechanism. There is an urgent need to develop novel drugs with new mode of mechanism to fight endocrine-resistance. Given aberrant ERα activity, we herein report the identification of novel covalent selective estrogen receptor degraders (cSERDs) possessing the advantages of both covalent and degradation strategies. A highly potent cSERD 29c was identified with superior anti-proliferative activity than fulvestrant against a panel of ERα+ breast cancer cell lines including mutant ERα. Crystal structure of ERα‒29c complex alongside intact mass spectrometry revealed that 29c disrupted ERα protein homeostasis through covalent targeting C530 and strong hydrophobic interaction collied on H11, thus enforcing a unique antagonist conformation and driving the ERα degradation. These significant effects of the cSERD on ERα homeostasis, unlike typical ERα degraders that occur directly via long side chains perturbing the morphology of H12, demonstrating a distinct mechanism of action (MoA). In vivo, 29c showed potent antitumor activity in MCF-7 tumor xenograft models and low toxicity. This proof-of-principle study verifies that novel cSERDs offering new opportunities for the development of innovative therapies for endocrine-resistant BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Wang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jian Min
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xiangping Deng
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Tian Feng
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hebing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xinyi Guo
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Baohua Xie
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Chun-Chi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Rey-Ting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Chune Dong
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hai-Bing Zhou
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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Pokhrel R, Tang T, Holub JM. Monitoring ligand-mediated helix 12 transitions within the human estrogen receptor α using bipartite tetracysteine display. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6063-6071. [PMID: 32724950 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01234c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor α ligand-binding domains (ERα-LBD) expressing tetracysteine motifs bind FlAsH-EDT2 upon transition of helix 12 (H12) to a folded state. Changes in fluorescence intensity allowed surveillance of ligand-mediated H12 transitions and facilitated the determination of FlAsH association rates (kon) and apparent equilibrium dissociation constants (Kapp) to ERα-LBDs in the presence of estrogenic ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranju Pokhrel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
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Jaccob M, Venuvanalingam P. Computational Insights into the Roles of Steric and Electrostatic Interactions in Arsenic Ylide Mediated Aziridination Reactions. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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5
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Hogervorst JGF, Baars BJ, Schouten LJ, Konings EJM, Goldbohm RA, van den Brandt PA. The carcinogenicity of dietary acrylamide intake: a comparative discussion of epidemiological and experimental animal research. Crit Rev Toxicol 2010; 40:485-512. [PMID: 20170357 DOI: 10.3109/10408440903524254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Since 2002, it is known that the probable human carcinogen acrylamide is present in commonly consumed carbohydrate-rich foods, such as French fries and potato chips. In this review, the authors discuss the body of evidence on acrylamide carcinogenicity from both epidemiological and rodent studies, including variability, strengths and weaknesses, how both types of evidence relate, and possible reasons for discrepancies. In both rats and humans, increased incidences of various cancer types were observed. In rats, increased incidences of mammary gland, thyroid tumors and scrotal mesothelioma were observed in both studies that were performed. In humans, increased risks of ovarian and endometrial cancers, renal cell cancer, estrogen (and progesterone) receptor-positive breast cancer, and oral cavity cancer (the latter in non-smoking women) were observed. Some cancer types were found in both rats and humans, e.g., endometrial cancer (observed in one of the two rat studies), but there are also some inconsistencies. Interestingly, in humans, some indications for inverse associations were observed for lung and bladder cancers in women, and prostate and oro- and hypopharynx cancers in men. These latter observations indicate that genotoxicity may not be the only mechanism by which acrylamide causes cancer. The estimated risks based on the epidemiological studies for the sites for which a positive association was observed were considerably higher than those based on extrapolations from the rat studies. The observed pattern of increased risks in the rat and epidemiological studies and the decreased risks in the epidemiological studies suggests that acrylamide might influence hormonal systems, for which rodents may not be good models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janneke G F Hogervorst
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Aliau S, Mattras H, Borgna JL. Identification of covalent attachment site of antiestrogenic estradiol 11 beta-derivatives on human estrogen receptor alpha ligand-binding domain. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2006; 98:111-21. [PMID: 16439113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2005.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2005] [Accepted: 09/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Affinity labeling of human estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) by high affinity and antiestrogenic estradiol (E(2)) 11 beta-derivatives, 11 beta-bromoacetamidoethoxyphenylE(2) (11BAEOPE(2)) and 11 beta-bromoacetamidopentoxyphenylE(2) (11BAPOPE(2)) was studied using glutathione-S-transferase (GST) fused to the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of human ERalpha. To identify and quantify the electrophile covalent attachment sites on LBD, [(14)C]11BAEOPE(2)- and [(14)C]11BAPOPE(2)-alkylated LBD were separated from GST, purified, and then trypsinized. HPLC of LBD tryptic fragments afforded one and two radioactive peaks (the ratio of the two latter peaks was 84/16) in the chromatograms related to LBD alkylated by 11BAEOPE(2) and 11BAPOPE(2), respectively. Mass spectrometry (MS) analyses of the fractions related to the single peak and to the major one of the two peaks showed signals which accurately matched the mass of electrophile-alkylated Cys(530)Lys(531) LBD tryptic peptide, whereas no signal compatible with an alkylated form of an LBD tryptic peptide was detected in the MS analysis of the minor peak-related fractions. MS/MS analysis of alkylated CysLys dipeptide revealed the presence of fragments that unambiguously designated the Cys S as the covalent attachment site of the electrophiles. We attempted to interpret the biochemical data by molecular modeling using various crystallographic structures of human LBD-ligand complexes. In agreement with the endocrine properties of electrophiles, labeling at Cys(530) could be accounted for by a LBD structure derived from LBD bound to 4-hydroxytamoxifen, a triphenylethylene antiestrogen. The common attachment to Cys(530) of estrogenic E(2) 17 alpha-derivatives [H. Mattras, S. Aliau, E. Demey, J. Poncet, J.L. Borgna, Mass spectrometry identification of covalent attachment sites of two related estrogenic ligands on human estrogen receptor alpha, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 98 (4-5), in press] and antiestrogenic E(2) 11 beta-derivatives suggests that the LBD portion encompassing this amino acid possesses a marked plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Aliau
- INSERM, U 540, 60 rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France
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Abstract
As early as the 1800s, the actions of estrogen have been implicated in the development and progression of breast cancer. The estrogen receptor (ER) was identified in the late 1950s and purified a few years later. However, it was not until the 1980s that the first ER was molecularly cloned, and in the mid 1990s, a second ER was cloned. These two related receptors are now called ERalpha and ERbeta, respectively. Since their discovery, much research has focused on identifying alterations within the coding sequence of these receptors in clinical samples. As a result, a large number of naturally occurring splice variants of both ERalpha and ERbeta have been identified in normal epithelium and diseased or cancerous tissues. In contrast, only a few point mutations have been identified in human patient samples from a variety of disease states, including breast cancer, endometrial cancer, and psychiatric diseases. To elucidate the mechanism of action for these variant isoforms or mutant receptors, experimental mutagenesis has been used to analyze the function of distinct amino acid residues in the ERs. This review will focus on ERalpha and ERbeta alterations in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H Herynk
- Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Di Chenna PH, Dauban P, Ghini A, Burton G, Dodd RH. Aziridination of 11-pregnene-3,20-dione using PhIN-Ses. Tetrahedron Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)01228-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Aliau S, Delettre G, Mattras H, El Garrouj D, Nique F, Teutsch G, Borgna JL. Steroidal affinity labels of the estrogen receptor alpha. 4. Electrophilic 11beta-aryl derivatives of estradiol. J Med Chem 2000; 43:613-28. [PMID: 10691688 DOI: 10.1021/jm990179s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ten electrophilic estradiol 11beta-aryl derivatives were synthesized, with three different types of 11beta-substituent: (i) pOO(CH(2))(2)X (compounds: 6, X = OSO(2)CH(3); 7, X = I; 13, X = NHCOCH(2)Cl; 15, X = N(CH(3))COCH(2)Br; and 16, X = N(CH(3))COCH(2)Cl); (ii) pOO(CH(2))(5)X (compounds: 17, X = I; 20, X = NHCOCH(2)Br; and 22, X = N(CH(3))COCH(2)Br); and (iii) pOC(triple bond)CCH(2)X (compounds: 27, X = NHCOCH(2)Cl; and 29, X = N(CH(3))COCH(2)Cl). The range of their apparent affinity constants for binding the lamb uterine estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) was 3-40% that of estradiol. Six electrophiles, chloroacetamides 13, 16, 27, and 29, iodide 17, and bromoacetamide 20 (whose arm linking the electrophilic carbon to the 11beta-phenyl group includes at least six bonds), were able to irreversibly inhibit the binding of [(3)H]estradiol to ER (25-60% decrease in binding sites), with the following compound effectiveness order: 17 < 13 < 16 approximately 20 approximately 27 approximately 29. Mesylate 6, iodide 7 (whose linking arm includes only three bonds), and bromoacetamides 15 and 22 (which differ from 16 by the Cl to Br change and from 20 by the NH to NCH(3) change, respectively) were much less effective (<10% decrease in binding sites, if any). The fact that the inactivation of estradiol-binding sites by the six electrophiles was totally prevented by estradiol indicated that they were ER affinity labeling agents. When ER was modified by methyl methanethiosulfonate, an SH-specific reagent, the different compounds led to very contrasting results in ER affinity labeling. With modified ER, iodide 17 and chloroacetamides 27 and 29 were practically inactive, chloroacetamides 13 and 16 and bromoacetamide 20 were still active but less effective than on the native ER, whereas tertiary bromoacetamides 15 and 22, found to be practically inactive on native ER, became the most effective electrophiles ( approximately 45% and approximately 65% binding sites inactivated, respectively). The results indicate that in the steroid-filled hormone-binding pocket: (i) nucleophilic residues are localized on the beta-side but relatively remote from the steroid nucleus (distance from C-11 > "seven bonds"); (ii) relatively discrete changes in the electrophilic functionality, such as Cl to Br or NH to NCH(3) of haloacetamido compounds, can markedly modify the positioning of the electrophilic center which could no longer react with the nucleophilic residues; and (iii) cysteine residues (probably homologues of human ERalpha cysteine 381 and/or cysteine 530) are, at least partly, the covalent attachment sites of the electrophiles. Moreover, modification of cysteine residues by methyl methanethiosulfonate changes the structure of the hormone-binding pocket, whose labeling by the various electrophiles is profoundly altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aliau
- INSERM Unité 439, 70 rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France, and Hoechst Marion Roussel, 102 route de Noisy, 93235 Romainville Cedex, France
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