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Georgiadis D, Skoulikas N, Papakyriakou A, Stratikos E. Phosphinic Peptides as Tool Compounds for the Study of Pharmacologically Relevant Zn-Metalloproteases. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:1228-1253. [PMID: 36524013 PMCID: PMC9745897 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phosphinic peptides constitute an important class of bioactive compounds that have found a wide range of applications in the field of biology and pharmacology of Zn-metalloproteases, the largest family of proteases in humans. They are designed to mimic the structure of natural substrates during their proteolysis, thus acting as mechanism-based, transition state analogue inhibitors. A combination of electrostatic interactions between the phosphinic acid group and the Zn cation as well as optimal noncovalent enzyme-ligand interactions can result in both high binding affinity for the desired target and selectivity against other proteases. Due to these unique properties, phosphinic peptides have been mainly employed as tool compounds for (a) the purposes of rational drug design by serving as ligands in X-ray crystal structures of target enzymes and allowing the identification of crucial interactions that govern optimal molecular recognition, and (b) the delineation of biological pathways where Zn-metalloproteases are key regulators. For the latter objective, inhibitors of the phosphinopeptidic type have been used either unmodified or after being transformed to probes of various types, thus expanding the arsenal of functional tools available to researchers. The aim of this review is to summarize all recent research achievements in which phosphinic peptides have played a central role as tool compounds in the understanding of the mechanism and biological functions of Zn-metalloproteases in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Georgiadis
- Department
of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens, GR-15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Skoulikas
- Department
of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens, GR-15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Papakyriakou
- National
Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi GR-15341 Athens, Greece
| | - Efstratios Stratikos
- Department
of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens, GR-15784 Athens, Greece
- National
Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi GR-15341 Athens, Greece
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2
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Abdou MM, Dong D, O'Neill PM, Amigues E, Matziari M. Diastereoselective synthesis of a novel phosphinic peptide as ACE inhibitor: Fragment-based design approach. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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3
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Kokkala P, Rajeshkumar T, Mpakali A, Stratikos E, Vogiatzis KD, Georgiadis D. A Carbodiimide-Mediated P-C Bond-Forming Reaction: Mild Amidoalkylation of P-Nucleophiles by Boc-Aminals. Org Lett 2021; 23:1726-1730. [PMID: 33617265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The first example of a carbodiimide-mediated P-C bond-forming reaction is described. The reaction involves activation of β-carboxyethylphosphinic acids and subsequent reaction with Boc-aminals using acid-catalysis. Mechanistic experiments using 31P NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations support the contribution of unusually reactive cyclic phosphinic/carboxylic mixed anhydrides in a reaction pathway involving ion-pair "swapping". The utility of this protocol is highlighted by the direct synthesis of Boc-protected phosphinic dipeptides, as precursors to potent Zn-aminopeptidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Kokkala
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Anastasia Mpakali
- National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Patriarchou Gregoriou and Neapoleos 27, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece
| | - Efstratios Stratikos
- National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Patriarchou Gregoriou and Neapoleos 27, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece.,Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Biochemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos D Vogiatzis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Dimitris Georgiadis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15784, Athens, Greece
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4
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Maben Z, Arya R, Rane D, An WF, Metkar S, Hickey M, Bender S, Ali A, Nguyen TT, Evnouchidou I, Schilling R, Stratikos E, Golden J, Stern LJ. Discovery of Selective Inhibitors of Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 1. J Med Chem 2019; 63:103-121. [PMID: 31841350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
ERAP1 is an endoplasmic reticulum-resident zinc aminopeptidase that plays an important role in the immune system by trimming peptides for loading onto major histocompatibility complex proteins. Here, we report discovery of the first inhibitors selective for ERAP1 over its paralogues ERAP2 and IRAP. Compound 1 (N-(N-(2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)carbamimidoyl)-2,5-difluorobenzenesulfonamide) and compound 2 (1-(1-(4-acetylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)cyclohexyl)-3-(p-tolyl)urea) are competitive inhibitors of ERAP1 aminopeptidase activity. Compound 3 (4-methoxy-3-(N-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)sulfamoyl)benzoic acid) allosterically activates ERAP1's hydrolysis of fluorogenic and chromogenic amino acid substrates but competitively inhibits its activity toward a nonamer peptide representative of physiological substrates. Compounds 2 and 3 inhibit antigen presentation in a cellular assay. Compound 3 displays higher potency for an ERAP1 variant associated with increased risk of autoimmune disease. These inhibitors provide mechanistic insights into the determinants of specificity for ERAP1, ERAP2, and IRAP and offer a new therapeutic approach of specifically inhibiting ERAP1 activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Digamber Rane
- Kansas University Specialized Chemistry Center , Lawrence , Kansas 66047 , United States
| | - W Frank An
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02142 , United States
| | - Shailesh Metkar
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02142 , United States
| | - Marc Hickey
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02142 , United States
| | - Samantha Bender
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02142 , United States
| | | | | | - Irini Evnouchidou
- National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos , Agia Paraskevi, Athens 15341 , Greece
| | - Roger Schilling
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02142 , United States
| | - Efstratios Stratikos
- National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos , Agia Paraskevi, Athens 15341 , Greece
| | - Jennifer Golden
- Kansas University Specialized Chemistry Center , Lawrence , Kansas 66047 , United States
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5
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Abdou MM, O'Neill PM, Amigues E, Matziari M. Phosphinic acids: current status and potential for drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:916-929. [PMID: 30481556 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Phosphinic acid derivatives exhibit diverse biological activities and a high degree of structural diversity, rendering them a versatile tool in the development of new medicinal agents. Pronounced recent progress, coupled with previous research findings, highlights the impact of this moiety in medicinal chemistry. Here, we highlight the most important breakthroughs made with phosphinates with a range of pharmacological activities against many diseases, including anti-inflammatory, anti-Alzheimer, antiparasitic, antihepatitis, antiproliferative, anti-influenza, anti-HIV, antimalarial, and antimicrobial agents. We also provide the current status of the corresponding prodrugs, drug-delivery systems, and drug applications of phosphinic acids in the clinical stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moaz M Abdou
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, PO 11727, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China; Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Paul M O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK; Department of Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Eric Amigues
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Magdalini Matziari
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China.
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6
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Kalyva M, Zografos AL, Kapourani E, Giambazolias E, Devel L, Papakyriakou A, Dive V, Lazarou YG, Georgiadis D. Probing the Mechanism of Allylic Substitution of Morita–Baylis–Hillman Acetates (MBHAs) by using the Silyl Phosphonite Paradigm: Scope and Applications of a Versatile Transformation. Chemistry 2015; 21:3278-89. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kalyva
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens (Greece), Fax: (+30) 210‐727‐4761
| | - Alexandros L. Zografos
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens (Greece), Fax: (+30) 210‐727‐4761
- Present address: Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124, Thessaloniki (Greece)
| | - Era Kapourani
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens (Greece), Fax: (+30) 210‐727‐4761
| | - Evaggelos Giambazolias
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens (Greece), Fax: (+30) 210‐727‐4761
| | - Laurent Devel
- CEA‐Saclay, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines, Labex LERMIT, CEA‐DSV‐iBiTecS, 91191 Gif/Yvette (France)
| | - Athanasios Papakyriakou
- National Center for Scientific Research, “Demokritos”, Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, GR 15310 (Greece)
| | - Vincent Dive
- CEA‐Saclay, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines, Labex LERMIT, CEA‐DSV‐iBiTecS, 91191 Gif/Yvette (France)
| | - Yannis G. Lazarou
- National Center for Scientific Research, “Demokritos”, Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, GR 15310 (Greece)
| | - Dimitris Georgiadis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens (Greece), Fax: (+30) 210‐727‐4761
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7
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Rationally designed inhibitor targeting antigen-trimming aminopeptidases enhances antigen presentation and cytotoxic T-cell responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:19890-5. [PMID: 24248368 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1309781110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular aminopeptidases endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidases 1 and 2 (ERAP1 and ERAP2), and as well as insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) process antigenic epitope precursors for loading onto MHC class I molecules and regulate the adaptive immune response. Their activity greatly affects the antigenic peptide repertoire presented to cytotoxic T lymphocytes and as a result can regulate cytotoxic cellular responses contributing to autoimmunity or immune evasion by viruses and cancer cells. Therefore, pharmacological regulation of their activity is a promising avenue for modulating the adaptive immune response with possible applications in controlling autoimmunity, in boosting immune responses to pathogens, and in cancer immunotherapy. In this study we exploited recent structural and biochemical analysis of ERAP1 and ERAP2 to design and develop phosphinic pseudopeptide transition state analogs that can inhibit this family of enzymes with nM affinity. X-ray crystallographic analysis of one such inhibitor in complex with ERAP2 validated our design, revealing a canonical mode of binding in the active site of the enzyme, and highlighted the importance of the S2' pocket for achieving inhibitor potency. Antigen processing and presentation assays in HeLa and murine colon carcinoma (CT26) cells showed that these inhibitors induce increased cell-surface antigen presentation of transfected and endogenous antigens and enhance cytotoxic T-cell responses, indicating that these enzymes primarily destroy epitopes in those systems. This class of inhibitors constitutes a promising tool for controlling the cellular adaptive immune response in humans by modulating the antigen processing and presentation pathway.
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8
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Synthesis and modifications of phosphinic dipeptide analogues. Molecules 2012; 17:13530-68. [PMID: 23154272 PMCID: PMC6268094 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171113530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudopeptides containing the phosphinate moiety (-P(O)(OH)CH2-) have been studied extensively, mainly as transition state analogue inhibitors of metalloproteases. The key synthetic aspect of their chemistry is construction of phosphinic dipeptide derivatives bearing appropriate side-chain substituents. Typically, this synthesis involves a multistep preparation of two individual building blocks, which are combined in the final step. As this methodology does not allow simple variation of the side-chain structure, many efforts have been dedicated to the development of alternative approaches. Recent achievements in this field are summarized in this review. Improved methods for the formation of the phosphinic peptide backbone, including stereoselective and multicomponent reactions, are presented. Parallel modifications leading to the structurally diversified substituents are also described. Finally, selected examples of the biomedical applications of the title compounds are given.
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9
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Mucha A, Drag M, Dalton JP, Kafarski P. Metallo-aminopeptidase inhibitors. Biochimie 2010; 92:1509-29. [PMID: 20457213 PMCID: PMC7117057 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2010.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Aminopeptidases are enzymes that selectively hydrolyze an amino acid residue from the N-terminus of proteins and peptides. They are important for the proper functioning of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, but very often are central players in the devastating human diseases like cancer, malaria and diabetes. The largest aminopeptidase group include enzymes containing metal ion(s) in their active centers, which often determines the type of inhibitors that are the most suitable for them. Effective ligands mostly bind in a non-covalent mode by forming complexes with the metal ion(s). Here, we present several approaches for the design of inhibitors for metallo-aminopeptidases. The optimized structures should be considered as potential leads in the drug discovery process against endogenous and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Mucha
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
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10
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Matziari M, Dellis D, Dive V, Yiotakis A, Samios J. Conformational and Solvation Studies via Computer Simulation of the Novel Large Scale Diastereoselectively Synthesized Phosphinic MMP Inhibitor RXP03 Diluted in Selected Solvents. J Phys Chem B 2009; 114:421-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp903830v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalini Matziari
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou 15771, Athens, Greece, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou 15771, Athens, Greece, and CEA, Service D’Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), Bat 152, CE-Saclay, Gif/Yvette Cedex 91191, France
| | - Dimitris Dellis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou 15771, Athens, Greece, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou 15771, Athens, Greece, and CEA, Service D’Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), Bat 152, CE-Saclay, Gif/Yvette Cedex 91191, France
| | - Vincent Dive
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou 15771, Athens, Greece, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou 15771, Athens, Greece, and CEA, Service D’Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), Bat 152, CE-Saclay, Gif/Yvette Cedex 91191, France
| | - Athanasios Yiotakis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou 15771, Athens, Greece, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou 15771, Athens, Greece, and CEA, Service D’Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), Bat 152, CE-Saclay, Gif/Yvette Cedex 91191, France
| | - Jannis Samios
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou 15771, Athens, Greece, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou 15771, Athens, Greece, and CEA, Service D’Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), Bat 152, CE-Saclay, Gif/Yvette Cedex 91191, France
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11
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Matziari M, Bauer K, Dive V, Yiotakis A. Synthesis of the Phosphinic Analogue of Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone. J Org Chem 2008; 73:8591-3. [DOI: 10.1021/jo8014215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalini Matziari
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece, Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena 07745, Germany, and CEA, Service D’Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), Bat 152, CE-Saclay, Gif/Yvette Cedex 91191, France
| | - Karl Bauer
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece, Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena 07745, Germany, and CEA, Service D’Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), Bat 152, CE-Saclay, Gif/Yvette Cedex 91191, France
| | - Vincent Dive
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece, Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena 07745, Germany, and CEA, Service D’Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), Bat 152, CE-Saclay, Gif/Yvette Cedex 91191, France
| | - Athanasios Yiotakis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece, Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena 07745, Germany, and CEA, Service D’Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), Bat 152, CE-Saclay, Gif/Yvette Cedex 91191, France
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12
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Ye Y, Liu M, Kao JLF, Marshall GR. Design, synthesis, and metal binding of novelPseudo- oligopeptides containing two phosphinic acid groups. Biopolymers 2008; 89:72-85. [PMID: 17910046 DOI: 10.1002/bip.20855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Phosphinic compounds have potential as amide-bond mimetics in the development of novel peptidomimetics, enzyme inhibitors, and metal-binding ligands. Novel pseudo-oligopeptides with two phosphinic acid groups embedded in the peptide backbone serving as amide-bond surrogates, Psi[P(O,OH)--CH(2)], were targeted. A series of linear and cyclic pseudo-oligopeptides with two phosphinic acid groups arrayed at different positions in the peptide sequence were designed, including Ac--Phe--{(R,S)--AlaPsi[P(O,OH)--CH(2)]Gly}(2)--NH(2) (P2), Ac--NH--(R,S)--AlaPsi[P(O,OH)--CH(2)]Gly--Phe--(R,S)--AlaPsi[P(O,OH)--CH(2)]Gly--NH(2) (P3), Ac--NH--(R,S)--AlaPsi[P(O,OH)--CH(2)]Gly--Phe--Phe--(R,S) --AlaPsi[P(O,OH)--CH(2)]Gly--NH(2) (P4), cyclo{NH--(R,S)--AlaPsi[P(O,OH)--CH(2)]Gly--Phe}(2) (P5), and cyclo[NH--(R,S)--AlaPsi[P(O,OH)--CH(2)]Gly--Phe--Phe](2) (P6). They were synthesized via conventional Fmoc chemistry on solid support utilizing Fmoc-protected phosphinic acid-containing pseudo-dipeptide fragment, i.e. Fmoc--(R,S)--AlaPsi[P(O,OCH(3))--CH(2)]Gly--OH. The pseudo-peptides containing two phosphinic acid groups exhibited the highest binding affinity and selectivity for Fe(III) among the 10-metal ions screened by ESI-MS analysis--Cu(II), Zn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Mn(II), Fe(II), Fe(III), Al(III), Ga(III), and Gd(III). P4 and P6 with 11-atom linkages between the two phosphinic acids preferred intramolecular metal binding to form 1:1 ligand/metal complexes. As revealed by competition experiments, P4 showed the highest relative binding affinity among the six compounds tested. Noteworthy, P4 also showed higher relative binding affinity than similar dihydroxamate-containing pseudo-peptides reported previously. The novel structural prototype and facile synthesis along with selective and potent Fe(III) binding strongly suggest that pseudo-peptides containing the two or more phosphinic groups as amide-bond surrogates deserve further exploration in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Matziari M, Dive V, Yiotakis A. Matrix metalloproteinase 11 (MMP-11; stromelysin-3) and synthetic inhibitors. Med Res Rev 2007; 27:528-52. [PMID: 16710861 DOI: 10.1002/med.20066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-11, or Stromelysin 3, is a particular member of MMP family, a group of zinc-dependent endopeptidases involved in matrix degradation and tissue remodeling. Despite intense efforts since its first characterization 15 years ago, its role and target substrates in different diseases remain largely unknown. While mice with MMP-11 deficiency display no particular phenotype, analysis of different tumorigenesis models with these mice lead to the conclusion that MMP-11 promotes tumor development. In contrast with other MMPs, MMP-11 is unable to degrade any major extracellular matrix component and unlike most of other MMPs that are secreted as inactive proenzymes and activated extracellularly, MMP-11 is secreted under active form. MMP-11 may thus play a unique role in tissue remodeling processes, including those associated with tumor progression. Although MMP-11 and other MMPs have been considered as promising targets to combat cancer, a first series of clinical trials using broad-spectrum MMP inhibitors have not led to significant therapeutic benefits. These disappointing results highlight the need for better understanding of the exact role played by each MMP during the different stages of tumor progression. Among the different strategies to fill this gap, highly specific MMP inhibitors would be of great value. This review provides an update on the selectivity profile of phosphinic MMP-11 synthetic inhibitors developed and discusses the opportunities and limitations to identify inhibitors able to fully discriminate MMP-11 from the other MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalini Matziari
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou 15771, Athens, Greece
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14
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Bauvois B, Dauzonne D. Aminopeptidase-N/CD13 (EC 3.4.11.2) inhibitors: chemistry, biological evaluations, and therapeutic prospects. Med Res Rev 2006; 26:88-130. [PMID: 16216010 PMCID: PMC7168514 DOI: 10.1002/med.20044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aminopeptidase N (APN)/CD13 (EC 3.4.11.2) is a transmembrane protease present in a wide variety of human tissues and cell types (endothelial, epithelial, fibroblast, leukocyte). APN/CD13 expression is dysregulated in inflammatory diseases and in cancers (solid and hematologic tumors). APN/CD13 serves as a receptor for coronaviruses. Natural and synthetic inhibitors of APN activity have been characterized. These inhibitors have revealed that APN is able to modulate bioactive peptide responses (pain management, vasopressin release) and to influence immune functions and major biological events (cell proliferation, secretion, invasion, angiogenesis). Therefore, inhibition of APN/CD13 may lead to the development of anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory drugs. This review provides an update on the biological and pharmacological profiles of known natural and synthetic APN inhibitors. Current status on their potential use as therapeutic agents is discussed with regard to toxicity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Bauvois
- Unité INSERM 507, Hôpital Necker, Université René Descartes Paris V, Bâtiment Lavoisier, 161 rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Daniel Dauzonne
- UMR 176 Institut Curie‐CNRS, Institut Curie, Section Recherche, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris CEDEX 05, France
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15
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Abstract
A three-component condensation reaction of Fmoc-carbamate, aldehydes, and alkylphosphinic acids provides a new, direct, and efficient method for synthesizing Fmoc-protected phosphinic pseudodipeptidic blocks, directly usable for solid-phase peptide synthesis. [reaction: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalini Matziari
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou 15771, Athens, Greece
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Georgiadis D, Beau F, Czarny B, Cotton J, Yiotakis A, Dive V. Roles of the two active sites of somatic angiotensin-converting enzyme in the cleavage of angiotensin I and bradykinin: insights from selective inhibitors. Circ Res 2003; 93:148-54. [PMID: 12805239 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000081593.33848.fc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Somatic angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) contains two homologous domains, each bearing a functional active site. The in vivo contribution of each active site to the release of angiotensin II (Ang II) and the inactivation of bradykinin (BK) is still unknown. To gain insights into the functional roles of these two active sites, the in vitro and in vivo effects of compounds able to selectively inhibit only one active site of ACE were determined, using radiolabeled Ang I or BK, as physiological substrates of ACE. In vitro studies indicated that a full inhibition of the Ang I and BK cleavage requires a blockade of the two ACE active sites. In contrast, in vivo experiments in mice demonstrated that the selective inhibition of either the N-domain or the C-domain of ACE by these inhibitors prevents the conversion of Ang I to Ang II, while BK protection requires the inhibition of the two ACE active sites. Thus, in vivo, the cleavage of Ang I and BK by ACE appears to obey to different mechanisms. Remarkably, in vivo the conversion of Ang I seems to involve the two active sites of ACE, free of inhibitor. Based on these findings, it might be suggested that the gene duplication of ACE in vertebrates may represent a means for regulating the cleavage of Ang I differently from that of BK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Georgiadis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, Athens, Greece
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Husain A, Li M, Graham RM. Do studies with ACE N- and C-domain-selective inhibitors provide evidence for a non-ACE, non-chymase angiotensin II-forming pathway? Circ Res 2003; 93:91-3. [PMID: 12881473 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000084993.90444.6c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Liu X, Hu X, Tian X, Mazur A, Ebetino FH. Enantioselective synthesis of phosphinyl peptidomimetics via an asymmetric Michael reaction of phosphinic acids with acrylate derivatives. J Organomet Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(01)01388-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Georgiadis D, Dive V, Yiotakis A. Synthesis and comparative study on the reactivity of peptidyl-type phosphinic esters: intramolecular effects in the alkaline and acidic cleavage of methyl beta-carboxyphosphinates. J Org Chem 2001; 66:6604-10. [PMID: 11578210 DOI: 10.1021/jo0156363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Using the phosphinic analogue of Cbz-Phe-Gly-OEt 1a as a template for this study, several phosphinic esters (2a-g) were prepared, employing an efficient method for each case. The reactivity of these derivatives under conventional deprotection conditions was studied, and the results are listed comparatively. The effect of steric hindrance as well as the contribution of neighboring groups in the rate of hydrolysis of suitably selected beta-carboxyphosphinates under acidic and alkaline deprotection conditions was examined. The results clearly demonstrate that a significant acceleration of phosphinate cleavage occurs due to the intermediacy of a five-membered, mixed anhydride-type species. This was supported by the observation that similar interactions were not observed in the case of hindered alpha-carboxyphosphinate homologous derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Georgiadis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
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Georgiadis D, Matziari M, Yiotakis A. A highly efficient method for the preparation of phosphinic pseudodipeptidic blocks suitably protected for solid-phase peptide synthesis. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)00221-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Matziari M, Georgiadis D, Dive V, Yiotakis A. Convenient synthesis and diversification of dehydroalaninyl phosphinic peptide analogues. Org Lett 2001; 3:659-62. [PMID: 11259030 DOI: 10.1021/ol0069103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[structure: see text]. Dehydroalaninyl phosphinic dipeptide analogues were synthesized, via an efficient tandem Arbuzov addition/allylic rearrangement, in high yields. The susceptibility of the conjugate system to 1,4 nucleophilic additions was investigated. C-Elongation of the dipeptides was performed, and the efficiency of 1,4 addition to the resulting acrylamidic moiety was evaluated. Derivatization of such phosphinic templates is a powerful approach for rapid access to large number of phosphinic pseudopeptides bearing various side chains in the P1' position.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Matziari
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou 15771, Athens, Greece
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