1
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Mai J, Kockler K, Parisi E, Chan CM, Pratt S, Laycock B. Synthesis and physical properties of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-based block copolymers: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130204. [PMID: 38365154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a group of natural polyesters that are synthesised by microorganisms. In general, their thermoplasticity and (in some forms) their elasticity makes them attractive alternatives to petrochemical-derived polymers. However, the high crystallinity of some PHAs - such as poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB) - results in brittleness and a narrow processing window for applications such as packaging. The production of copolymeric PHA materials is one approach to improving the mechanical and thermal properties of PHAs. Another solution is the manufacture of PHA-based block copolymers. The incorporation of different polymer and copolymer blocks coupled to PHA, and the resulting tailorable microstructure of these block copolymers, can result in a step-change improvement in PHA-based material properties. A range of production strategies for PHA-based block copolymers has been reported in the literature, including biological production and chemical synthesis. Biological production is typically less controllable, with products of a broad molecular weight and compositional distribution, unless finely controlled using genetically modified organisms. By contrast, chemical synthesis delivers relatively controllable block structures and narrowly defined compositions. This paper reviews current knowledge in the areas of the production and properties of PHA-based block copolymers, and highlights knowledge gaps and future potential areas of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Mai
- Fujian Normal University, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, China
| | - Katrin Kockler
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemical Engineering, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Emily Parisi
- Parisi Technologies, LLC Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Clement Matthew Chan
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemical Engineering, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Steven Pratt
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemical Engineering, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Bronwyn Laycock
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemical Engineering, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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2
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Caputo M, Shi C, Tang X, Sardon H, Chen EYX, Müller AJ. Tailoring the Nucleation and Crystallization Rate of Polyhydroxybutyrate by Copolymerization. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:5328-5341. [PMID: 37782027 PMCID: PMC10646943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
In the polyester family, the biopolymer with the greatest industrial potential could be poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), which can be produced nowadays biologically or chemically. The scarce commercial use of PHB derives from its poor mechanical properties, which can be improved by incorporating a flexible aliphatic polyester with good mechanical performance, such as poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), while retaining its biodegradability. This work studies the structural, thermal, and morphological properties of block and random copolymers of PHB and PCL. The presence of a comonomer influences the thermal parameters following nonisothermal crystallization and the kinetics of isothermal crystallization. Specifically, the copolymers exhibit lower melting and crystallization temperatures and present lower overall crystallization kinetics than neat homopolymers. The nucleation rates of the PHB components are greatly enhanced in the copolymers, reducing spherulitic sizes and promoting transparency with respect to neat PHB. However, their spherulitic growth rates are depressed so much that superstructural growth becomes the dominating factor that reduces the overall crystallization kinetics of the PHB component in the copolymers. The block and random copolymers analyzed here also display important differences in the structure, morphology, and crystallization that were examined in detail. Our results show that copolymerization can tailor the thermal properties, morphology (spherulitic size), and crystallization kinetics of PHB, potentially improving the processing, optical, and mechanical properties of PHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria
Rosaria Caputo
- POLYMAT
and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry
and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University
of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Changxia Shi
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United
States
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United
States
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT
and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry
and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University
of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Eugene Y.-X. Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United
States
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- POLYMAT
and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry
and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University
of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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3
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Ferri M, Chiromito EMS, de Carvalho AJF, Morselli D, Degli Esposti M, Fabbri P. Fine Tuning of the Mechanical Properties of Bio-Based PHB/Nanofibrillated Cellulose Biocomposites to Prevent Implant Failure Due to the Bone/Implant Stress Shielding Effect. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061438. [PMID: 36987218 PMCID: PMC10051535 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant mechanical properties mismatch between natural bone and the material forming the orthopedic implant device can lead to its failure due to the inhomogeneous loads distribution, resulting in less dense and more fragile bone tissue (known as the stress shielding effect). The addition of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) to biocompatible and bioresorbable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) is proposed in order to tailor the PHB mechanical properties to different bone types. Specifically, the proposed approach offers an effective strategy to develop a supporting material, suitable for bone tissue regeneration, where stiffness, mechanical strength, hardness, and impact resistance can be tuned. The desired homogeneous blend formation and fine-tuning of PHB mechanical properties have been achieved thanks to the specific design and synthesis of a PHB/PEG diblock copolymer that is able to compatibilize the two compounds. Moreover, the typical high hydrophobicity of PHB is significantly reduced when NFC is added in presence of the developed diblock copolymer, thus creating a potential cue for supporting bone tissue growth. Hence, the presented outcomes contribute to the medical community development by translating the research results into clinical practice for designing bio-based materials for prosthetic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Ferri
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Università di Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Emanoele Maria Santos Chiromito
- Department of Materials Engineering, Engineering School of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone, 1100, São Carlos 13563-120, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Jose Felix de Carvalho
- Department of Materials Engineering, Engineering School of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone, 1100, São Carlos 13563-120, SP, Brazil
| | - Davide Morselli
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Università di Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Micaela Degli Esposti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Università di Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.D.E.); (P.F.); Tel.: +39-051-2090363 (M.D.E.); +39-051-2090364 (P.F.)
| | - Paola Fabbri
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Università di Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.D.E.); (P.F.); Tel.: +39-051-2090363 (M.D.E.); +39-051-2090364 (P.F.)
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4
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Aminolysis of Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate in N,N-Dimethylformamide and 1,4-Dioxane and Formation of Functionalized Oligomers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245481. [PMID: 36559848 PMCID: PMC9780795 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The degradation pattern of bacterial poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) in dimethylformamide (DMF) and dioxane solutions at 100 °C assisted by ethylenediamine, 1,4-diaminobutane and monoaminoethanol was studied. When diamines were introduced into the PHB solution in DMF in the amount of 1 mol of the reagent to 5 or 10 mol of PHB monomers, a rapid decrease in the molecular weight of the polymer was observed. The initial value of the weight average molecular weight (Mw) 840 kDa had decreased by 20-30 times within the first 10-20 min of the experiment, followed by its gradual decrease to several thousand Da. When a similar molar quantity of aminoethanol was added, the molecular weight decreased slower. PHB had been degrading much slower in the dioxane solution than in DMF. By varying the number of reagents, it was possible to reach stabilization of the Mw at 1000-3000 Da when using diamines and 8000-20,000 Da using aminoethanol. 1H NMR analysis of the oligomers revealed of amino and amido groups forming in their structure. From the opposite end of the polymer chain, residues of 3-hydroxybutyric, crotonic and isocrotonic acids were formed during degradation. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated that after oligomerization there was a decrease in the melting point from 178 °C to 140-170 °C depending on the decrease in the molecular weight. The method proposed can be used for obtaining aminated PHB oligomers.
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El-Malek FA, Steinbüchel A. Post-Synthetic Enzymatic and Chemical Modifications for Novel Sustainable Polyesters. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:817023. [PMID: 35071219 PMCID: PMC8766639 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.817023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of their biodegradability, compostability, compatibility and flexible structures, biodegradable polymers such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are an important class of biopolymers with various industrial and biological uses. PHAs are thermoplastic polyesters with a limited processability due to their low heat resistance. Furthermore, due to their high crystallinity, some PHAs are stiff and brittle. These features result sometimes in very poor mechanical characteristics with low extension at break values which limit the application range of some natural PHAs. Several in vivo approaches for PHA copolymer modifications range from polymer production to enhance PHA-based material performance after synthesis. The methods for enzymatic and chemical polymer modifications are aiming at modifying the structures of the polyesters and thereby their characteristics while retaining the biodegradability. This survey illustrates the efficient use of enzymes and chemicals in post-synthetic PHA modifications, offering insights on these green techniques for modifying and improving polymer performance. Important studies in this sector will be reviewed, as well as chances and obstacles for their stability and hyper-production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fady Abd El-Malek
- International Center for Research on Innovative Biobased Materials (ICRI-BioM)-International Research Agenda, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Alexander Steinbüchel
- International Center for Research on Innovative Biobased Materials (ICRI-BioM)-International Research Agenda, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
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6
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Attallah OA, Mojicevic M, Garcia EL, Azeem M, Chen Y, Asmawi S, Brenan Fournet M. Macro and Micro Routes to High Performance Bioplastics: Bioplastic Biodegradability and Mechanical and Barrier Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2155. [PMID: 34208796 PMCID: PMC8271944 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
On a score sheet for plastics, bioplastics have a medium score for combined mechanical performance and a high score for biodegradability with respect to counterpart petroleum-based plastics. Analysis quickly confirms that endeavours to increase the mechanical performance score for bioplastics would be far more achievable than delivering adequate biodegradability for the recalcitrant plastics, while preserving their impressive mechanical performances. Key architectural features of both bioplastics and petroleum-based plastics, namely, molecular weight (Mw) and crystallinity, which underpin mechanical performance, typically have an inversely dependent relationship with biodegradability. In the case of bioplastics, both macro and micro strategies with dual positive correlation on mechanical and biodegradability performance, are available to address this dilemma. Regarding the macro approach, processing using selected fillers, plasticisers and compatibilisers have been shown to enhance both targeted mechanical properties and biodegradability within bioplastics. Whereas, regarding the micro approach, a whole host of bio and chemical synthetic routes are uniquely available, to produce improved bioplastics. In this review, the main characteristics of bioplastics in terms of mechanical and barrier performances, as well as biodegradability, have been assessed-identifying both macro and micro routes promoting favourable bioplastics' production, processability and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia A. Attallah
- Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland; (O.A.A.); (E.L.G.); (M.A.); (Y.C.); (M.B.F.)
| | - Marija Mojicevic
- Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland; (O.A.A.); (E.L.G.); (M.A.); (Y.C.); (M.B.F.)
| | - Eduardo Lanzagorta Garcia
- Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland; (O.A.A.); (E.L.G.); (M.A.); (Y.C.); (M.B.F.)
| | - Muhammad Azeem
- Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland; (O.A.A.); (E.L.G.); (M.A.); (Y.C.); (M.B.F.)
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland; (O.A.A.); (E.L.G.); (M.A.); (Y.C.); (M.B.F.)
| | - Shumayl Asmawi
- Fundamental and Applied Science Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia;
| | - Margaret Brenan Fournet
- Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland; (O.A.A.); (E.L.G.); (M.A.); (Y.C.); (M.B.F.)
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7
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Foli G, Degli Esposti M, Morselli D, Fabbri P. Two-Step Solvent-Free Synthesis of Poly(hydroxybutyrate)-Based Photocurable Resin with Potential Application in Stereolithography. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e1900660. [PMID: 32363755 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A bio-based polymeric ink for stereolithography developed through a two-step solvent-free process is herein proposed. Specifically, low-molecular-weight poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)-diol oligomers are prepared via molten transesterification of bacterial PHB with 1,4-butanediol. Transesterification conditions such as diol concentration, catalyst amount, and reaction time are studied for optimizing the final oligomers' molecular weight and structural features. In the second step, the oligomeric hydroxyl terminals are converted into methacrylate moieties through a solvent-free end-capping reaction and diluted in propylene carbonate in order to obtain a photo-polymerizable ink with suitable viscosity. The ink is UV-cured, and the obtained material properties are investigated by FT-IR and differential scanning calorimetry measurements. The proposed method provides a valuable and environmentally friendly alternative to currently available synthetic routes, overcoming their typical disadvantages related to the used solvents and harsh conditions. Moreover, it opens up a sustainable route for converting polyesters into functionalized oligomeric derivatives, which can potentially find application in 3D printing of customized biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Foli
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM), Università di Bologna, Via Terracini 28, Bologna, 40131, Italy
| | - Micaela Degli Esposti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM), Università di Bologna, Via Terracini 28, Bologna, 40131, Italy.,Italian Consortium for Science and Technology of Materials (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, Firenze, 50121, Italy
| | - Davide Morselli
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM), Università di Bologna, Via Terracini 28, Bologna, 40131, Italy.,Italian Consortium for Science and Technology of Materials (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, Firenze, 50121, Italy
| | - Paola Fabbri
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM), Università di Bologna, Via Terracini 28, Bologna, 40131, Italy.,Italian Consortium for Science and Technology of Materials (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, Firenze, 50121, Italy
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8
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Polyhydroxyalkanoates based copolymers. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 140:522-537. [PMID: 31437500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) belong to a family of natural polyesters and are produced under unbalanced growth conditions as intracellular carbon and energy reserves by a wide variety of microorganisms. Being biodegradable, biocompatible and environmental friendly thermoplastics, the PHAs are considered as future polymers to replace petrochemicals based plastics. In this review, the introduction section deals with the brief discussion on PHA nature, availability, raw materials for production, processing etc. This is followed by the discussions on modifications. The copolymer syntheses by bacterial and chemical methods have been discussed. Under chemical methods, unsaturated side chains and their derivatives, oligomer, coupling, macro-initiating, trans-esterification, radiation grafting, click chemistry, ring opening and several miscellaneous polymerization methods have been elaborated. A brief discussion on applications has been incorporated. The last section includes conclusion and future perspectives.
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9
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Jain-Beuguel C, LI X, Houel-Renault L, Modjinou T, Simon-Colin C, Gref R, Renard E, Langlois V. Water-Soluble Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) Sulfonate: Versatile Biomaterials Used as Coatings for Highly Porous Nano-Metal Organic Framework. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:3324-3332. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Jain-Beuguel
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est, UPEC-CNRS, 2 rue Henry Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France
- Ifremer, UMR 6197, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes (LM2E), Technopôle Pointe du Diable, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Xue LI
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, UMR 8214, CNRS-UPS, Rue André Rivière, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Ludivine Houel-Renault
- Centre Laser de l’Université Paris-Sud (CLUPS/LUMAT), CNRS-UPS-IOGS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Tina Modjinou
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est, UPEC-CNRS, 2 rue Henry Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France
| | - Christelle Simon-Colin
- Ifremer, UMR 6197, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes (LM2E), Technopôle Pointe du Diable, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Ruxandra Gref
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, UMR 8214, CNRS-UPS, Rue André Rivière, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Estelle Renard
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est, UPEC-CNRS, 2 rue Henry Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France
| | - Valérie Langlois
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est, UPEC-CNRS, 2 rue Henry Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France
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10
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Tian B, Shah M, Choi MH, Rho JK, Lee SY, Yoon SC. Calcium Involved Directional Organization of Polymer Chains in Polyester Nanogranules in Bacterial Cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3429. [PMID: 30837614 PMCID: PMC6401383 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40097-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil bacteria accumulate polyesters (typically poly([R]-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), in which one end of the chain terminates with a carboxyl group) in the form of hydrated, amorphous nanogranules in cells. However, it is not clear what drives the structure of these biomaterials inside bacterial cells. Here, we determined that calcium guides intracellular formation of PHB nanogranules. Our systematic study using the surface zeta potential measurement and the carboxyl-specific SYTO-62 dye binding assay showed that the terminal carboxyl is not exposed to the granule surface but is buried inside native “unit-granules” comprising the mature granule. Extracellular Ca2+ was found to mediate the formation of these PHB unit-granules, with uptaken Ca2+ stored inside the granules. Comparative [Ca2+]-dependent fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that the native granules in Cupriavidus necator H16 act as a Ca2+ storage system, presumably for the regulation of its cytosolic Ca2+ level, but those from recombinant Escherichia coli do not. This study reveals intimate links between Ca2+ and native granule formation, and establishes a novel mechanism that intracellular PHB granules function as Ca2+ storage in order to relieve soil bacteria from Ca2+ stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoxia Tian
- Nano-Biomaterials Science Laboratory, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.,Faculty of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 23003, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohsin Shah
- Nano-Biomaterials Science Laboratory, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, 40000, Pakistan
| | - Mun Hwan Choi
- Nano-Biomaterials Science Laboratory, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Kook Rho
- Nano-Biomaterials Science Laboratory, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Systems & Synthetic Agrobiotech Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chul Yoon
- Nano-Biomaterials Science Laboratory, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea. .,Systems & Synthetic Agrobiotech Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Debuissy T, Pollet E, Avérous L. Biotic and Abiotic Synthesis of Renewable Aliphatic Polyesters from Short Building Blocks Obtained from Biotechnology. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:3836-3870. [PMID: 30203918 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201801700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biobased polymers have seen their attractiveness increase in recent decades thanks to the significant development of biorefineries to allow access to a wide variety of biobased building blocks. Polyesters are one of the best examples of the development of biobased polymers because most of them now have their monomers produced from renewable resources and are biodegradable. Currently, these polyesters are mainly produced by using traditional chemical catalysts and harsh conditions, but recently greener pathways with nontoxic enzymes as biocatalysts and mild conditions have shown great potential. Bacterial polyesters, such as poly(hydroxyalkanoate)s (PHA), are the best example of the biotic production of high molar mass polymers. PHAs display a wide variety of macromolecular architectures, which allow a large range of applications. The present contribution aims to provide an overview of recent progress in studies on biobased polyesters, especially those made from short building blocks, synthesized through step-growth polymerization. In addition, some important technical aspects of their syntheses through biotic or abiotic pathways have been detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud Debuissy
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Eric Pollet
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Luc Avérous
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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12
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Synthesis of novel biodegradable elastomers based on poly[3-hydroxy butyrate] and poly[3-hydroxy octanoate] via transamidation reaction. Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2410-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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13
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Ashby RD, Solaiman DKY, Nuñez A, Strahan GD, Johnston DB. Burkholderia sacchari DSM 17165: A source of compositionally-tunable block-copolymeric short-chain poly(hydroxyalkanoates) from xylose and levulinic acid. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 253:333-342. [PMID: 29413997 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Burkholderia sacchari was used to produce poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate block copolymers from xylose and levulinic acid. Levulinic acid was the preferred substrate resulting in 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) contents as high as 95 mol% at 24 h. The 3HB:3HV ratios were controlled by the initial levulinic acid media concentration and fermentation length. Higher levulinic acid concentrations and longer durations, resulted in polymers with two glass transition temperatures, each approximating those associated with poly-3HB and poly-3HV. 13C NMR confirmed the presence of high concentrations of 3HB-3HB and 3HV-3HV homopolymeric dyads, while mass spectrometry of the partial hydrolysis products did not conform to Bernoullian statistics for randomness, confirming block sequences. MS/MS analysis of specific oligomers showed the mass-loss of 86 amu (a 3HB unit) and 100 amu (a 3HV unit) attesting to some randomness within the polymers. This study verifies the potential for producing Poly-3HB-block-3HV copolymers from inexpensive biorenewable feedstocks without sequential addition of carbon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Ashby
- Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA.
| | - Daniel K Y Solaiman
- Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
| | - Alberto Nuñez
- Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
| | - Gary D Strahan
- Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
| | - David B Johnston
- Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
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14
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Raza ZA, Riaz S, Banat IM. Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Properties and chemical modification approaches for their functionalization. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 34:29-41. [PMID: 28960792 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have become an attractive biomaterial in research in the past few years due to their extensive potential industrial applications. Being long chain hydroxyl fatty acid molecules, the PHAs are hydrophobic in nature, and have less functional groups. These features limit their applications in various areas. To enhance their usage, these polymers may need to be modified including surface and chemical modifications. Such modifications may alter their mechanical properties, surface structure, amphiphilic character and rate of degradation to fulfil the requirements for their future applications. Chemical modifications allow incorporation of functional groups to PHAs that could not be introduced through biotechnological methods. These chemically reformed PHAs, with enhanced properties, could be used for broad range of applications. This review aims to introduce different chemical modification approaches including some recent methods that had not been explored or discussed so far for PHAs as possible technologies for widening the range of product and application potentials. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:29-41, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfiqar Ali Raza
- Dept. of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad, 37610, Pakistan
| | - Shahina Riaz
- Dept. of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad, 37610, Pakistan
| | - Ibrahim M Banat
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, U.K
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15
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Barouti G, Jaffredo CG, Guillaume SM. Advances in drug delivery systems based on synthetic poly(hydroxybutyrate) (co)polymers. Prog Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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16
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Gao Z, Su T, Li P, Wang Z. Biodegradation of P(3HB- co-4HB) powder by Pseudomonas mendocina for preparation low-molecular-mass P(3HB- co-4HB). 3 Biotech 2017; 7:281. [PMID: 28828288 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) (P(3HB-co-4HB)) is a biodegradable plastic that is extensively utilized in many fields. In this work, P(3HB-co-4HB) powder was degraded by Pseudomonas mendocina for the preparation of low-molecular-mass (LMW) P(3HB-co-4HB). After degradation, the remaining P(3HB-co-4HB) powder was analyzed via gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. The degradation of P(3HB-co-4HB) by P. mendocina occurred in two stages: the fast degradation stage (0-8 h) and the slow degradation stage (8-24 h). GPC analysis showed that the molecular weight of P(3HB-co-4HB) gradually decreased with degradation time. After 24 h of degradation, the weight-average molecular weight of P(3HB-co-4HB) was reduced to 4-5 kDa. DSC and XRD analyses both verified that the degree of crystallinity decreased with prolonged degradation time. The melting temperature of the degraded powder, however, remained unchanged. FTIR and 1H NMR analyses of the degraded powder showed that no new material was produced during degradation. Thus, the degradation of P(3HB-co-4HB) by P. mendocina could be used to produce LMW P(3HB-co-4HB) for use in various applications, such as the synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoying Gao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, 113001 Liaoning China
| | - Tingting Su
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, 113001 Liaoning China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, 113001 Liaoning China
| | - Zhanyong Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, 113001 Liaoning China
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17
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Debuissy T, Pollet E, Avérous L. Titanium-catalyzed transesterification as a route to the synthesis of fully biobased poly(3-hydroxybutyurate- co -butylene dicarboxylate) copolyesters, from their homopolyesters. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Debuissy T, Pollet E, Avérous L. Synthesis and characterization of block poly(ester-ether-urethane)s from bacterial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) oligomers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud Debuissy
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg; 25 rue Becquerel, Strasbourg Cedex 2 Strasbourg 67087 France
| | - Eric Pollet
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg; 25 rue Becquerel, Strasbourg Cedex 2 Strasbourg 67087 France
| | - Luc Avérous
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg; 25 rue Becquerel, Strasbourg Cedex 2 Strasbourg 67087 France
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19
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Debuissy T, Pollet E, Avérous L. Enzymatic Synthesis of a Bio-Based Copolyester from Poly(butylene succinate) and Poly((R)-3-hydroxybutyrate): Study of Reaction Parameters on the Transesterification Rate. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:4054-4063. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud Debuissy
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR
CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Eric Pollet
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR
CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Luc Avérous
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR
CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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20
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Li Z, Loh XJ. Recent advances of using polyhydroxyalkanoate-based nanovehicles as therapeutic delivery carriers. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 9. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering; A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research); Singapore Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering; A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research); Singapore Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute; Singapore Singapore
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21
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Monnier A, Rombouts C, Kouider D, About I, Fessi H, Sheibat-Othman N. Preparation and characterization of biodegradable polyhydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate/polyethylene glycol-based microspheres. Int J Pharm 2016; 513:49-61. [PMID: 27593898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The in vivo effectiveness of biomolecules may be limited by their rapid diffusion in the body and short half-life time. Encapsulation of these biomolecules allows protecting them against degradation and ensuring a controlled release over time. In this work, the production of polyhydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate/polyethylene glycol-based microspheres loaded with heparin by double emulsion-solvent evaporation is investigated. Significant improvements are achieved after blending PHB-HV microspheres with PEG. First of all, an important decrease of the initial burst effect is ensured. Moreover, lower degradation of the microspheres is observed after 30days in the release medium. Finally, the release rate could be controlled using different PEG molecular weights and concentrations. A toxic effect of PHB-HV 30% PEG 1100gmol-1 microspheres is observed whereas PHB-HV and PHB-HV 30% PEG 10,000gmol-1 microspheres are not toxic. These microspheres seem to be most suited for further tissue engineering applications. The effectiveness of direct PEG blending to PHB-HV is proved, limiting the use of chemical reagents for PHB-HV/PEG copolymer synthesis and steps for chemical reagents removal from the copolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Monnier
- Université de Lyon, Univ. Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE, UMR 5007, Laboratoire d'Automatisme et de Génie des procédés (LAGEP), 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Dania Kouider
- Université de Lyon, Univ. Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE, UMR 5007, Laboratoire d'Automatisme et de Génie des procédés (LAGEP), 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Imad About
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, Marseille, France
| | - Hatem Fessi
- Université de Lyon, Univ. Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE, UMR 5007, Laboratoire d'Automatisme et de Génie des procédés (LAGEP), 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nida Sheibat-Othman
- Université de Lyon, Univ. Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE, UMR 5007, Laboratoire d'Automatisme et de Génie des procédés (LAGEP), 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France.
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22
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The Synthesis of Hydroxybutyrate-Based Block Polyurethane from Telechelic Diols with Robust Thermal and Mechanical Properties. J CHEM-NY 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/9635165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel amphiphilic block polyurethanes (PUHE) have been successfully synthesized by solution polymerization of the derived PHB-diol and poly(ethylene glycol) with a coupling agent of 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), while the PHB-diol was prepared via the transesterification of PHB and ethylene glycol. The hydroxyl contents in PHB-diols range from 1.36 to 1.99 (the molar ratio) as determined by nonaqueous titration. The molecular weight and chemical compositions of PUHE and PHB-diol were investigated by GPC,1H NMR, and FTIR in detail, which confirm the successful synthesis of PUHE. The tensile strength and elongation at break of PUHE could reach as high as 20 MPa and 210%, as the content of PHB in PUHE is 33%. TGA curves indicate that block-bonding between PHB-diol and PEG increases the thermal stability of PHB-diol. Film degradation of PUHE was studied by weight loss and scanning electron microscope (SEM). It could be concluded that degradation occurred gradually from the surface to the inside and that the degradation rate could be controlled by adjusting the PHB/PEG ratios. These properties make PUHE able to be used as a biodegradable thermoplastic elastomer.
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23
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Modjinou T, Lemechko P, Babinot J, Versace DL, Langlois V, Renard E. Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) sulfonate: From nanoparticles toward water soluble polyesters. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Oledzka E, Sliwerska P, Sobczak M, Kraska B, Kamysz W, Nalecz-Jawecki G, Kolodziejski W. Peptide Dendrimer Functionalized with Amphiphilic Triblock Copolymers: Synthesis and Characterization. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Oledzka
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Medical University of Warsaw; Faculty of Pharmacy; Banacha 1 Warsaw 02-097 Poland
| | - Patrycja Sliwerska
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Medical University of Warsaw; Faculty of Pharmacy; Banacha 1 Warsaw 02-097 Poland
| | - Marcin Sobczak
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Medical University of Warsaw; Faculty of Pharmacy; Banacha 1 Warsaw 02-097 Poland
| | - Bartlomiej Kraska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Medical University of Gdansk; Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107 Gdansk 80-416 Poland
| | - Wojciech Kamysz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Medical University of Gdansk; Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107 Gdansk 80-416 Poland
| | - Grzegorz Nalecz-Jawecki
- Department of Environmental Health Science; Medical University of Warsaw; Faculty of Pharmacy; Banacha 1 Warsaw 02-097 Poland
| | - Waclaw Kolodziejski
- Department of Environmental Health Science; Medical University of Warsaw; Faculty of Pharmacy; Banacha 1 Warsaw 02-097 Poland
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25
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Li Z, Loh XJ. Water soluble polyhydroxyalkanoates: future materials for therapeutic applications. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:2865-79. [PMID: 25788317 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00089k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are excellent candidate biomaterials due to their exceptional biodegradability and biocompatibility. However, PHAs need to have tunable hydrophilicity, chemical functionalities, and appropriate hydrolytic stability to expand their therapeutic applications towards more advanced areas. In this Tutorial Review, we present the most recent progress in the synthetic strategies of PHA-based water soluble polymers, including the functionalisation of PHAs with polar functional groups and the block/graft copolymerization of PHAs with hydrophilic components in various polymeric architectures. These chemically modified water soluble PHAs have significant impact on materials engineering and show great value in the fulfilment of smart biomaterials in emerging areas. The applications of water soluble PHAs in controlled drug release, cancer therapy, DNA/siRNA delivery and tissue engineering in new aspects are discussed. In addition, water soluble PHA monomer production will be briefly introduced, with emphasis on its bio-significance in medical physiology and the therapeutic effect in the treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore.
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26
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Zhu C, Chen Q. Polyhydroxyalkanoate-Based Biomaterials for Applications in Biomedical Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118774205.ch12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Sakai N, Satoh T, Kakuchi T. Rod-Like Amphiphile of Diblock Polyisocyanate Leading to Cylindrical Micelle and Spherical Vesicle in Water. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500097t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Sakai
- Graduate School of Chemical
Sciences and Engineering and Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Graduate School of Chemical
Sciences and Engineering and Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Toyoji Kakuchi
- Graduate School of Chemical
Sciences and Engineering and Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
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28
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Xu Y, Shen Y, Xiong Y, Li C, Sun C, Ouahab A, Tu J. Synthesis, characterization, biodegradability and biocompatibility of a temperature-sensitive PBLA-PEG-PBLA hydrogel as protein delivery system with low critical gelation concentration. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 40:1264-75. [PMID: 23855735 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2013.814066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Temperature-sensitive hydrogels were designed using a series of A-B-A triblock copolymers consisting of poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) with different molecular weights as the hydrophilic block B and poly (β-butyrolactone-co-lactic acid)(PBLA) with varying block lengths and composition as the hydrophobic block A. The triblock copolymers were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of β-BL and LA in bulk using PEG as an initiator and Sn(Oct)2 as the catalyst. Their chemical structure and molecular characteristics were determined by NMR, GPC and DSC, and the relationship between structure and phase behaviors in aqueous solutions was investigated as well. It was found that the phase behaviors in aqueous solutions including critical micelle concentration (CMC), sol-gel-sedimentation phase transition temperature, gel window width and critical gelation concentration (CGC) are largely dependent on the molecular weight and block length ratio of PEG/PBLA. Most importantly, they show a very low CGC ranging from 4 to 8 wt% because of the introduction of β-BL. Furthermore, the biodegradability and biocompatibility of the hydrogels were evaluated. Finally, lysozyme as a model protein was used to evaluate the ability to deliver protein drugs in a sustained release manner and biologically active form. All results demonstrated that the temperature-sensitive in situ forming hydrogel has a promising potential as sustained delivery system for protein drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yourui Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
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Abstract
Environmental concerns have led to the development of biorenewable polymers with the ambition to utilize them at an industrial scale. Poly(lactic acid) and poly(hydroxyalkanoates) are semicrystalline, biorenewable polymers that have been identified as the most promising alternatives to conventional plastics. However, both are inherently susceptible to brittleness and degradation during thermal processing; we discuss several approaches to overcome these problems to create a balance between durability and biodegradability. For example, copolymers and blends can increase ductility and the thermal-processing window. Furthermore, chain modifications (e.g., branching/crosslinking), processing techniques (fiber drawing/annealing), or additives (plasticizers/nucleating agents) can improve mechanical properties and prevent thermal degradation during processing. Finally, we examine the impacts of morphology on end-of-life degradation to complete the picture for the most common renewable polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Tsui
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305;, ,
| | - Zachary C. Wright
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305;, ,
| | - Curtis W. Frank
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305;, ,
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30
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Chan RTH, Marçal H, Ahmed T, Russell RA, Holden PJ, Foster LJR. Poly(ethylene glycol)-modulated cellular biocompatibility of polyhydroxyalkanoate films. POLYM INT 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodman TH Chan
- Bio/Polymer Research Group, Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science; University of New South Wales; Sydney; NSW; 2052; Australia
| | - Helder Marçal
- Bio/Polymer Research Group, Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science; University of New South Wales; Sydney; NSW; 2052; Australia
| | - Tania Ahmed
- Bio/Polymer Research Group, Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science; University of New South Wales; Sydney; NSW; 2052; Australia
| | | | - Peter J Holden
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation; Lucas Heights; New South Wales; Australia
| | - L John R Foster
- Bio/Polymer Research Group, Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science; University of New South Wales; Sydney; NSW; 2052; Australia
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31
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Chaturvedi K, Ganguly K, Kulkarni AR, Nadagouda MN, Stowbridge J, Rudzinski WE, Aminabhavi TM. Ultra-small fluorescent bile acid conjugated PHB–PEG block copolymeric nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and cellular uptake. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra22283g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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32
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Alejandra RC, Margarita CM, María Soledad MC. Enzymatic degradation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) by a commercial lipase. Polym Degrad Stab 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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33
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Babinot J, Guigner JM, Renard E, Langlois V. A micellization study of medium chain length poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate)-based amphiphilic diblock copolymers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 375:88-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Koseva NS, Novakov CP, Rydz J, Kurcok P, Kowalczuk M. Synthesis of aPHB-PEG Brush Co-polymers through ATRP in a Macroinitiator–Macromonomer Feed System and Their Characterization. Des Monomers Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1163/138577210x530675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Neli S. Koseva
- a Polish Academy of Sciences, Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowskiej Street, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Street, Bl. 103A, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Christo P. Novakov
- b Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Street, Bl. 103A, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Joanna Rydz
- c Polish Academy of Sciences, Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowskiej Street, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Piotr Kurcok
- d Polish Academy of Sciences, Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowskiej Street, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Marek Kowalczuk
- e Polish Academy of Sciences, Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowskiej Street, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
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35
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Rodríguez-Contreras A, Calafell-Monfort M, Marqués-Calvo MS. Enzymatic degradation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) by commercial lipases. Polym Degrad Stab 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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36
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Novel block copolymers of atactic PHB with natural PHA for cardiovascular engineering: Synthesis and characterization. Eur Polym J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2011.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kabilan S, Ayyasamy M, Jayavel S, Paramasamy G. Pseudomonas sp. as a Source of Medium Chain Length Polyhydroxyalkanoates for Controlled Drug Delivery: Perspective. Int J Microbiol 2012; 2012:317828. [PMID: 22518140 PMCID: PMC3299479 DOI: 10.1155/2012/317828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlled drug delivery technology represents one of the most rapidly advancing areas of science. They offer numerous advantages compared to conventional dosage forms including improved efficacy, reduced toxicity, improved patient compliance and convenience. Over the past several decades, many delivery tools or methods were developed such as viral vector, liposome-based delivery system, polymer-based delivery system, and intelligent delivery system. Recently, nonviral vectors, especially those based on biodegradable polymers, have been widely investigated as vectors. Unlike the other polymers tested, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have been intensively investigated as a family of biodegradable and biocompatible materials for in vivo applications as implantable tissue engineering material as well as release vectors for various drugs. On the other hand, the direct use of these polyesters has been hampered by their hydrophobic character and some physical shortcomings, while its random copolymers fulfilled the expectation of biomedical researchers by exhibiting significant mechanical and thermal properties. This paper reviews the strategies adapted to make functional polymer to be utilized as delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujatha Kabilan
- UGC-Networking Resource Centre in Biological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, India
| | - Mahalakshmi Ayyasamy
- UGC-Networking Resource Centre in Biological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, India
| | - Sridhar Jayavel
- UGC-Networking Resource Centre in Biological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, India
| | - Gunasekaran Paramasamy
- UGC-Networking Resource Centre in Biological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, India
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Shah M, Ullah N, Choi MH, Kim MO, Yoon SC. Amorphous amphiphilic P(3HV-co-4HB)-b-mPEG block copolymer synthesized from bacterial copolyester via melt transesterification: nanoparticle preparation, cisplatin-loading for cancer therapy and in vitro evaluation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 80:518-27. [PMID: 22178562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent used against a variety of tumors. We determined the efficacy and bioavailability of cisplatin in the form of cisplatin-loaded self-assembled amphiphilic copolymer nanoparticles (NPs). Non-crystallizing bacterial copolyester was employed as hydrophobic segment to increase drug loading efficiency. Novel amorphous amphiphilic block copolymer P(3HV-co-4HB)-b-mPEG was synthesized from bacterial copolyester poly(3-hydroxyvalerate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) coupled via transesterification reaction using bis(2-ethylhexanoate) tin catalyst to monomethoxypoly(ethylene glycol). The product was characterized, and core-shell particles with nanometer size range were prepared by emulsification-solvent evaporation method. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination revealed that the NPs took the shape of spheres with inner concealed core of hydrophobic P(3HV-co-4HB) polymer and the outer shell formed by hydrophilic mPEG segment. The in vitro release profile of cisplatin from the core hydrophobic domain showed a sustained release of the drug. TEM and confocal microscopy examination revealed clearly the internalization of cisplatin-loaded NPs into the tumor cells. MTT assay, flow cytometry, western blot and confocal microscopy revealed a suppression effect by the NPs on tumor cell growth, and enhancement of apoptotic process of the tumor cells compared to free drug treated cells. The amorphous polymeric NPs could be effective vehicles for the sustained delivery of toxic anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Shah
- Nano-Biomaterials Science Laboratory, Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Hu D, Chung AL, Wu LP, Zhang X, Wu Q, Chen JC, Chen GQ. Biosynthesis and Characterization of Polyhydroxyalkanoate Block Copolymer P3HB-b-P4HB. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:3166-73. [DOI: 10.1021/bm200660k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Die Hu
- MOE Key Lab of Protein Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ah-Leum Chung
- MOE Key Lab of Protein Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lin-Ping Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xin Zhang
- MOE Key Lab of Protein Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- MOE Key Lab of Protein Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin-Chun Chen
- MOE Key Lab of Protein Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- MOE Key Lab of Protein Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Samain X, Langlois V, Renard E, Lorang G. Grafting biodegradable polyesters onto cellulose. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Microbial production of polyhydroxyalkanoate block copolymer by recombinant Pseudomonas putida. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 90:659-69. [PMID: 21181145 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-3069-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthesis genes phaPCJ(Ac) cloned from Aeromonas caviae were transformed into Pseudomonas putida KTOY06ΔC, a mutant of P. putida KT2442, resulting in the ability of the recombinant P. putida KTOY06ΔC (phaPCJ(A.c)) to produce a short-chain-length and medium-chain-length PHA block copolymer consisting of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) as one block and random copolymer of 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) and 3-hydroxyheptanoate (3HHp) as another block. The novel block polymer was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), nuclear magnetic resonance, and rheology measurements. DSC studies showed the polymer to possess two glass transition temperatures (T(g)), one melting temperature (T(m)) and one cool crystallization temperature (T(c)). Rheology studies clearly indicated a polymer chain re-arrangement in the copolymer; these studies confirmed the polymer to be a block copolymer, with over 70 mol% homopolymer (PHB) of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) as one block and around 30 mol% random copolymers of 3HV and 3HHp as the second block. The block copolymer was shown to have the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus compared with a random copolymer with similar ratio and a blend of homopolymers PHB and PHVHHp with similar ratio. Compared with other commercially available PHA including PHB, PHBV, PHBHHx, and P3HB4HB, the short-chain- and medium-chain-length block copolymer PHB-b-PHVHHp showed differences in terms of mechanical properties and should draw more attentions from the PHA research community.
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Babinot J, Renard E, Langlois V. Controlled Synthesis of Well Defined Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate)s-based Amphiphilic Diblock Copolymers Using Click Chemistry. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201000562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Shah M, Naseer MI, Choi MH, Kim MO, Yoon SC. Amphiphilic PHA–mPEG copolymeric nanocontainers for drug delivery: Preparation, characterization and in vitro evaluation. Int J Pharm 2010; 400:165-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Revised: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Liu KL, Choo ESG, Wong SY, Li X, He CB, Wang J, Li J. Designing poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate]-based polyurethane block copolymers for electrospun nanofiber scaffolds with improved mechanical properties and enhanced mineralization capability. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:7489-98. [PMID: 20469884 DOI: 10.1021/jp1018247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Efforts to mineralize electrospun hydrophobic polyester scaffold often require prior surface modification such as plasma or alkaline treatment, which may affect the mechanical integrity of the resultant scaffold. Here through rational design we developed a series of polyurethane block copolymers containing poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate] (PHB) as hard segment and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as soft segment that could be easily fabricated into mineralizable electrospun scaffold without the need of additional surface treatment. To ensure that the block copolymers do not swell excessively in water, PEG content in the polymers was kept below 50 wt %. To obtain good dry and hydrated state mechanical properties with limited PEG, low-molecular-weight PHB-diol with M(n) 1230 and 1790 were used in various molar feed ratios. The macromolecular characteristics of the block copolymers were confirmed by (1)H NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and thermal gravimetric analyses (TGA). With the incorporation of the hydrophilic PEG segments, the surface and bulk hydrophilicity of the block copolymers were significantly improved. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed that the block copolymers had low PHB crystallinity and no PEG crystallinity. This was further confirmed by X-ray diffraction analyses (XRD) in both dry and hydrated states. With short PHB segments and soft PEG coupled together, the block copolymers were no longer brittle. Tensile measurements showed that the block copolymers with higher PEG content or shorter PHB segments were more ductile. Furthermore, their ductility was enhanced in hydrated states with one particular example showing increment in strain at break from 1090 to 1962%. The block copolymers were fabricated into an electrospun fibrous scaffold that was easily mineralized by simple incubation in simulated body fluid. The materials have good potential for bone regeneration application and may be extended to other applications by simply coating them with other biologically active substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerh Li Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602
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Amphiphilic Poly(3-hydroxy alkanoate)s: Potential Candidates for Medical Applications. INT J POLYM SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.1155/2010/423460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxy alkanoate)s, PHAs, have been very attractive as biomaterials due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility. These hydrophobic natural polyesters, PHAs, need to have hydrophilic character particularly for drug delivery systems. In this manner, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and hydrophilic functional groups such as amine, hydroxyl, carboxyl, and sulfonic acid have been introduced into the PHAs in order to obtain amphiphilic polymers. This review involves in the synthesis and characterization of the amphiphilic PHAs.
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Degradation of Natural and Artificial Poly[(R)-3-hydroxyalkanoate]s: From Biodegradation to Hydrolysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-03287-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Orts WJ, Nobes GA, Kawada J, Nguyen S, Yu GE, Ravenelle F. Poly(hydroxyalkanoates): Biorefinery polymers with a whole range of applications. The work of Robert H. Marchessault. CAN J CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1139/v08-050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the characterization and application of poly(hydroxyalkanoates), PHAs, a remarkable family of natural polyesters with a wide array of useful properties and potential applications. It places specific emphasis on the work of Robert H. Marchessault and his many colleagues outlining how Marchessault’s body of work both shaped the field and complemented the work of his contemporaries. Particular attention will focus on the “rediscovery” of poly(β-hydroxybutyrate), PHB, the first PHA to be discovered, from the late 1950s onward, highlighting some of the historical aspects of PHA’s path toward commercial applications. It will also cover why this class of materials is so unique, including PHA structure–properties relationships, its unique crystalline behaviour, in vivo – in vitro synthesis and degradation, and PHA-graft-copolymers.Key words: poly(hydroxyalkanoate), PHA, poly(β-hydroxybutyrate), PHB, biopolymers, bacterial polyester, random copolymers, polymer single crystals, graft copolymers.
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Liu KL, Goh SH, Li J. Controlled synthesis and characterizations of amphiphilic poly[(R,S)-3-hydroxybutyrate]-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly[(R,S)-3-hydroxybutyrate] triblock copolymers. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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50
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Foster LJR. Biosynthesis, properties and potential of natural–synthetic hybrids of polyhydroxyalkanoates and polyethylene glycols. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 75:1241-7. [PMID: 17457543 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-007-0976-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2007] [Revised: 03/28/2007] [Accepted: 03/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Chemical conjugation with poly(ethylene glycols) (PEGs) are established procedures to facilitate solubilisation of hydrophobic compounds. Such techniques for PEGylation have been applied to polyhydroxybutyrate. 'BioPEGylation' of such polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) to form natural-synthetic hybrids has been demonstrated through the addition of PEGs to microbial cultivation systems. The strategic addition of certain PEGs not only supports hybrid synthesis but may also provide a technique for control of PHA composition and molecular mass, and by extension, their physico-mechanical properties. PHA composition and molecular mass control by PEGs is dependent upon the polyethers' molecular mass, loading in the cultivation system, time of introduction and microbial species. Hybrid characterisation studies are in their infancy, but results to date suggest that PHA-PEG hybrids have subtle, but significant, differences in their physiochemical and material properties as a consequence of the PEGylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L John R Foster
- Bio/polymers Research Group and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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