1
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Foster LJR, Chan RTH, Russell RA, Holden PJ. Using Humidity to Control the Morphology and Properties of Electrospun BioPEGylated Polyhydroxybutyrate Scaffolds. ACS Omega 2020; 5:26476-26485. [PMID: 33110975 PMCID: PMC7581270 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrospinning produces nanofibrous scaffolds with potential for tissue engineering and wound repair. Spinning parameters control scaffold morphology and properties. BioPEGylation of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) introduces terminal hydrophilic groups into the hydrophobic chain, making this natural-synthetic hybrid copolymer more susceptible to humidity. Varying the humidity from 10 to 50% RH during electrospinning had a relatively little effect on polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) average fiber and pore diameters, which remained around 3.0 and 8.7 μm, respectively. In contrast, fiber and pore diameters for electrospun bioPEGylated PHB scaffolds varied significantly with humidity, peaking at 30% RH (5.5 and 14.1 μm, respectively). While scaffolds showed little change, hydrophobicity decreased linearly with humidity during electrospinning. Compared to solvent-cast films, electrospun scaffolds showed significantly greater average cell spread. A 108% increase for olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) cultivated on bioPEGylated PHB scaffolds was proportionally greater than their counterparts on electrospun PHB scaffolds, (70%). OECS grown on BioPEGylated PHB scaffolds were over twice the size, 260 ± 20 μm diameter, than those on PHB electrospun scaffolds, 110 ± 18 μm diameter. Electrospun scaffolds also promoted cell health compared to their solvent-cast counterparts, with increases in the mitochondrial activity of 165 ± 13 and 196 ± 13% for PHB and bioPEGylated PHB, respectively. OECS cultivated on electrospun scaffolds of bioPEGylated PHB had significantly better membrane integrities compared to their counterparts on solvent-cast films, 47 ± 5% reducing to 17 ± 6%. The combination of bioPEGylation and humidity during electrospinning permitted significant controllable changes to scaffold morphology and properties. These changes resulted in the significantly greater promotion of cell growth on electrospun bioPEGylated PHB scaffolds compared to their solvent-cast counterparts and electrospun PHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie J. R. Foster
- Bio/Polymer Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, United States
- Save Sight
Institute, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2141, Australia
| | - Rodman T. H. Chan
- Bio/Polymer Research Group, School of Biotechnology &
Biomolecular Science, University of New
South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Robert A. Russell
- Bio/Polymer Research Group, School of Biotechnology &
Biomolecular Science, University of New
South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Australian Nuclear Science & Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Peter J. Holden
- Australian Nuclear Science & Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
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2
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Murphy RB, Wyatt NA, Fraser BH, Yepuri NR, Holden PJ, Wotherspoon AT, Darwish TA. A rapid MS/MS method to assess the deuterium kinetic isotope effect and associated improvement in the metabolic stability of deuterated biological and pharmacological molecules as applied to an imaging agent. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1064:65-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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3
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Russell RA, Foster LJR, Holden PJ. Carbon nanotube mediated miscibility of polyhydroxyalkanoate blends and chemical imaging using deuterium-labelled poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate). Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Raghuwanshi VS, Su J, Garvey CJ, Holt SA, Holden PJ, Batchelor WJ, Garnier G. Visualization and Quantification of IgG Antibody Adsorbed at the Cellulose-Liquid Interface. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:2439-2445. [PMID: 28665589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of adsorbed biomolecules (enzymes, proteins) at the cellulose interface is a major challenge in developing eco-friendly biodiagnostics. Here, a novel methodology is developed to visualize and quantify the adsorption of antibody from solution to the cellulose-liquid interface. The concept is to deuterate cellulose by replacing all nonexchangeable hydrogens from the glucose rings with deuterium in order to enhance the scattering contrast between the cellulose film surface and adsorbed antibody molecules. Deuterated cellulose (DC) was obtained from bacterial (Gluconacetobacter xylinus strain) cellulose, which was grown in heavy water (D2O) media with a deuterated glycerol as a carbon source. For comparison, hydrogenated cellulose (HC) was obtained from cellulose acetate. Both HC and DC thin films were prepared on silicon substrate by spin coating. X-ray reflectivity (XR) shows the formation of homogeneous and smooth film. Neutron reflectivity (NR) at the liquid/film interface reveals swelling of the cellulose film by a factor of 2-3× its initial thickness. An Immunoglobulin G (IgG), used as a model antibody, was adsorbed at the liquid-solid interface of cellulose (HC) and deuterated cellulose (DC) films under equilibrium and surface saturation conditions. NR measurements of the IgG antibody layer adsorbed onto the DC film can clearly be visualized, in sharp contrast in comparison to the HC film. The average thickness of the IgG adsorbed layer onto cellulose films is 127 ± 5 Å and a partial monolayer is formed. Visualization and quantification of adsorbed IgG is shown by large difference in scattering length density (SLD) between DC (7.1 × 10-6 Å-2) and IgG (4.1 × 10-6 Å-2) in D2O, which enhanced the scattering contrast in NR. Quartz crystal measurements (QCM-D) were used as a complementary method to NR to quantify the adsorbed IgG over the cellulose interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Singh Raghuwanshi
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jielong Su
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Christopher J Garvey
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization (ANSTO), Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Stephen A Holt
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization (ANSTO), Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Peter J Holden
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization (ANSTO), Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Warren J Batchelor
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Gil Garnier
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Darwish TA, Yepuri NR, Holden PJ, James M. Quantitative analysis of deuterium using the isotopic effect on quaternary 13C NMR chemical shifts. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 927:89-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Yepuri NR, Darwish TA, Krause-Heuer AM, Leung AE, Delhom R, Wacklin HP, Holden PJ. Synthesis of Perdeuterated 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine ([D 82 ]POPC) and Characterisation of Its Lipid Bilayer Membrane Structure by Neutron Reflectometry. Chempluschem 2016; 81:315-321. [PMID: 31968790 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201500452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), an unsaturated acyl chain containing lipid, is often the predominant lipid in eukaryotic cell membranes in which it is crucial for the fluidity of membranes under physiological conditions. Commercially available, partially deuterated [D31 ]1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine ([D31 ]POPC) does not provide sufficient isotopic contrast for detailed structural studies of multicomponent membranes through neutron techniques. Herein, a relatively straightforward and generic chemical deuteration method is discussed for the asymmetric synthesis of perdeuterated [D31 ]1-palmitoyl-[D33 ]2-oleoyl-sn-[D5 ]glycero-[D13 ]3-phosphocholine ([D82 ]POPC) that also allows selective deuteration of any of its constituent groups. Neutron reflectivity of a [D82 ]POPC-supported bilayer was used to experimentally determine the neutron scattering length density profile of the lipid. The acyl chains of [D82 ]POPC are closely contrast-matched to heavy water, whereas the very high scattering length density of the deuterated glycerophosphocholine head groups provides good contrast to membrane-binding agents in both deuterated and non-deuterated solvent environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nageshwar R Yepuri
- National Deuteration Facility, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW, 2232, Australia
| | - Tamim A Darwish
- National Deuteration Facility, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW, 2232, Australia
| | - Anwen M Krause-Heuer
- National Deuteration Facility, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW, 2232, Australia
| | - Anna E Leung
- National Deuteration Facility, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW, 2232, Australia
| | - Robin Delhom
- European Spallation Source ERIC, Box 176, 22100, Lund, Sweden.,Institut Laue Langevin (ILL), 71 av des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble, France
| | - Hanna P Wacklin
- European Spallation Source ERIC, Box 176, 22100, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund Universit, P.O. Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter J Holden
- National Deuteration Facility, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW, 2232, Australia
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Le Brun AP, Clifton LA, Holt SA, Holden PJ, Lakey JH. Deuterium Labeling Strategies for Creating Contrast in Structure-Function Studies of Model Bacterial Outer Membranes Using Neutron Reflectometry. Methods Enzymol 2015; 566:231-52. [PMID: 26791981 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Studying the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is challenging due to the complex nature of its structure. Therefore, simplified models are required to undertake structure-function studies of processes that occur at the outer membrane/fluid interface. Model membranes can be created by immobilizing bilayers to solid supports such as gold or silicon surfaces, or as monolayers on a liquid support where the surface pressure and fluidity of the lipids can be controlled. Both model systems are amenable to having their structure probed by neutron reflectometry, a technique that provides a one-dimensional depth profile through a membrane detailing its thickness and composition. One of the strengths of neutron scattering is the ability to use contrast matching, allowing molecules containing hydrogen and those enriched with deuterium to be highlighted or matched out against the bulk isotopic composition of the solvent. Lipopolysaccharides, a major component of the outer membrane, can be isolated for incorporation into model membranes. Here, we describe the deuteration of lipopolysaccharides from rough strains of Escherichia coli for incorporation into model outer membranes, and how the use of deuterated materials enhances structural analysis of model membranes by neutron reflectometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton P Le Brun
- National Deuteration Facility, Bragg Institute, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Luke A Clifton
- ISIS Neutron Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen A Holt
- Bragg Institute, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, New South Wales Australia
| | - Peter J Holden
- National Deuteration Facility, Bragg Institute, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jeremy H Lakey
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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8
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Russell RA, Garvey CJ, Darwish TA, Foster LJR, Holden PJ. Biopolymer Deuteration for Neutron Scattering and Other Isotope-Sensitive Techniques. Methods Enzymol 2015; 565:97-121. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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9
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Le Brun AP, Clifton LA, Halbert CE, Lin B, Meron M, Holden PJ, Lakey JH, Holt SA. Correction to Structural Characterization of a Model Gram-Negative Bacterial Surface Using Lipopolysaccharides from Rough Strains of Escherichia coli. Biomacromolecules 2014. [PMCID: PMC4130740 DOI: 10.1021/bm500923v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Russell RA, Darwish TA, Puskar L, Martin DE, Holden PJ, Foster LJR. Deuterated Polymers for Probing Phase Separation Using Infrared Microspectroscopy. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:644-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bm4017012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Russell
- National Deuteration Facility, Australian Nuclear Science & Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW Australia
- Bio/Polymer Research Group, School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tamim A. Darwish
- National Deuteration Facility, Australian Nuclear Science & Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW Australia
| | - Ljiljana Puskar
- Infrared Microspectroscopy Beamline, Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Danielle E. Martin
- Infrared Microspectroscopy Beamline, Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter J. Holden
- National Deuteration Facility, Australian Nuclear Science & Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW Australia
- Bio/Polymer Research Group, School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - L. John R. Foster
- Bio/Polymer Research Group, School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Chan RTH, Russell RA, Marçal H, Lee TH, Holden PJ, Foster LJR. BioPEGylation of Polyhydroxybutyrate Promotes Nerve Cell Health and Migration. Biomacromolecules 2013; 15:339-49. [DOI: 10.1021/bm401572a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert A. Russell
- Australian
Nuclear
Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - Peter J. Holden
- Australian
Nuclear
Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
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12
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Darwish TA, Luks E, Moraes G, Yepuri NR, Holden PJ, James M. Synthesis of deuterated [D32 ]oleic acid and its phospholipid derivative [D64 ]dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2013; 56:520-9. [PMID: 24285531 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Oleic acid and its phospholipid derivatives are fundamental to the structure and function of cellular membranes. As a result, there has been increasing interest in the availability of their deuterated forms for many nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, mass spectroscopy and neutron scattering studies. Here, we present for the first time a straightforward, large-scale (gram quantities) synthesis of highly deuterated [D32 ]oleic acid by using multiple, yet simple and high yielding reactions. The precursors for the synthesis of [D32 ]oleic acid are [D14 ]azelaic acid and [D17 ]nonanoic acid, which were obtained by complete deuteration (>98% D) of their (1) H forms by using metal catalysed hydrothermal H/D exchange reactions. The oleic acid was produced with ca. 94% D isotopic purity and with no contamination by the trans-isomer (elaidic acid). The subsequent synthesis of [D64 ]dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine from [D32 ]oleic acid is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamim A Darwish
- National Deuteration Facility, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Locked Bag 2001 Kirrawee, DC NSW, 2232, Australia
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Le Brun A, Clifton LA, Halbert CE, Lin B, Meron M, Holden PJ, Lakey JH, Holt SA. Structural characterization of a model gram-negative bacterial surface using lipopolysaccharides from rough strains of Escherichia coli. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:2014-22. [PMID: 23617615 PMCID: PMC3679557 DOI: 10.1021/bm400356m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) make up approximately 75% of the Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane (OM) surface, but because of the complexity of the molecule, there are very few model OMs that include LPS. The LPS molecule consists of lipid A, which anchors the LPS within the OM, a core polysaccharide region, and a variable O-antigen polysaccharide chain. In this work we used RcLPS (consisting of lipid A plus the first seven sugars of the core polysaccharide) from a rough strain of Escherichia coli to form stable monolayers of LPS at the air-liquid interface. The vertical structure RcLPS monolayers were characterized using neutron and X-ray reflectometry, while the lateral structure was investigated using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and Brewster angle microscopy. It was found that RcLPS monolayers at surface pressures of 20 mN m(-1) and above are resolved as hydrocarbon tails, an inner headgroup, and an outer headgroup of polysaccharide with increasing solvation from tails to outer headgroups. The lateral organization of the hydrocarbon lipid chains displays an oblique hexagonal unit cell at all surface pressures, with only the chain tilt angle changing with surface pressure. This is in contrast to lipid A, which displays hexagonal or, above 20 mN m(-1), distorted hexagonal packing. This work provides the first complete structural analysis of a realistic E. coli OM surface model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton
P. Le Brun
- Bragg Institute, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Luke A. Clifton
- ISIS Neutron Facility, STFC Rutherford
Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire
OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Candice E. Halbert
- Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
37831, United States
| | - Binhua Lin
- Consortium
of Advanced Radiation
Sources (CARS), University of Chicago,
Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Mati Meron
- Consortium
of Advanced Radiation
Sources (CARS), University of Chicago,
Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Peter J. Holden
- Bragg Institute, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Jeremy H. Lakey
- Institute for Cell and Molecular
Biosciences, Newcastle University, Framlington
Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen A. Holt
- Bragg Institute, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
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Yepuri NR, Jamieson SA, Darwish TA, Rawal A, Hook JM, Thordarson P, Holden PJ, James M. Synthesis of per-deuterated alkyl amines for the preparation of deuterated organic pyromellitamide gelators. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chan RTH, Marçal H, Ahmed T, Russell RA, Holden PJ, Foster LJR. Poly(ethylene glycol)-modulated cellular biocompatibility of polyhydroxyalkanoate films. POLYM INT 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodman TH Chan
- Bio/Polymer Research Group, Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science; University of New South Wales; Sydney; NSW; 2052; Australia
| | - Helder Marçal
- Bio/Polymer Research Group, Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science; University of New South Wales; Sydney; NSW; 2052; Australia
| | - Tania Ahmed
- Bio/Polymer Research Group, Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science; University of New South Wales; Sydney; NSW; 2052; Australia
| | | | - Peter J Holden
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation; Lucas Heights; New South Wales; Australia
| | - L John R Foster
- Bio/Polymer Research Group, Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science; University of New South Wales; Sydney; NSW; 2052; Australia
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Chen X, Wilde KL, Wang H, Lake V, Holden PJ, Middelberg AP, He L, Duff AP. High yield expression and efficient purification of deuterated human protein galectin-2. Food and Bioproducts Processing 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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17
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Huh M, Jung MH, Park YS, Kang TB, Nah C, Russell RA, Holden PJ, Yun SI. Fabrication of honeycomb-structured porous films from poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co
-3-hydroxyvalerate) via the breath figures method. POLYM ENG SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.22161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Yun SI, Lo V, Noorman J, Davis J, Russell RA, Holden PJ, Gadd GE. Morphology of composite particles of single wall carbon nanotubes/biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates prepared by spray drying. Polym Bull (Berl) 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-009-0173-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Russell RA, Holden PJ, Wilde KL, Garvey CJ, Hammerton KM, Foster LJR. In vivo deuteration strategies for neutron scattering analysis of bacterial polyhydroxyoctanoate. Eur Biophys J 2008; 37:711-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s00249-008-0333-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Revised: 04/07/2008] [Accepted: 04/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Foster LJR, Schwahn D, Pipich V, Holden PJ, Richter D. Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Characterization of Polyhydroxyalkanoates and Their BioPEGylated Hybrids in Solution. Biomacromolecules 2007; 9:314-20. [DOI: 10.1021/bm7006289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. John R. Foster
- Institut für Festkörperforschung, Forschungszentrum-Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany, Bio/polymers Research Group, School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia, and Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, Menai, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Dietmar Schwahn
- Institut für Festkörperforschung, Forschungszentrum-Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany, Bio/polymers Research Group, School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia, and Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, Menai, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Vitaliy Pipich
- Institut für Festkörperforschung, Forschungszentrum-Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany, Bio/polymers Research Group, School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia, and Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, Menai, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Peter J. Holden
- Institut für Festkörperforschung, Forschungszentrum-Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany, Bio/polymers Research Group, School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia, and Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, Menai, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Dieter Richter
- Institut für Festkörperforschung, Forschungszentrum-Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany, Bio/polymers Research Group, School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia, and Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, Menai, New South Wales 2234, Australia
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Russell RA, Holden PJ, Wilde KL, Hammerton KM, Foster LJR. Production and use of deuterated polyhydroxyoctanoate in structural studies of PHO inclusions☆. J Biotechnol 2007; 132:303-5. [PMID: 17555837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2006] [Revised: 02/28/2007] [Accepted: 03/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This work reports on the biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates with medium chain length alkyl substituents in the side chain by Pseudomonas oleovorans using hydrogenated and deuterated substrates. These investigations aimed to obtain polyhydroxyalkanoates with varying degrees of deuterium substitution, and establish whether they are suitable analogues for structural investigation. In order to understand the formation and structure of inclusions in their native state, whole inclusions were isolated from microbial cells and were analysed using Small Angle Neutron Scattering. A contrast variation study was conducted on hydrogenated and deuterated inclusions of polyhydroxyoctanoate, as well as inclusions resulting from co-feeding or sequentially feeding different precursors. The data indicated a core/shell structure resulting from feeding hydrogenated followed by perdeuterated PHO precursor, and demonstrated the utility of this analysis for characterising chemically similar systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Russell
- ANSTO Institute for Environmental Research, PMB 1, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia.
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Foster LJR, Russell RA, Sanguanchaipaiwong V, Stone DJM, Hook JM, Holden PJ. Biosynthesis and Characterization of Deuterated Polyhydroxyoctanoate. Biomacromolecules 2006; 7:1344-9. [PMID: 16602759 DOI: 10.1021/bm050969l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a polyhydroxyalkanoate with medium chain length alkyl substituents by Pseudomonas oleovoranswas investigated using protonated and deuterated forms of octanoic acid in a minimal salts medium. Cultivation with deuterated octanoic acid resulted in a reduced rate of polymer accumulation compared to that with its protonated counterpart (107 and 207 mg of polymer L(-1) of medium h(-1) of cultivation, respectively). Nuclear magnetic resonance and gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry of the derivatized polymer was used to establish the extent and distribution of deuterium in the biopolymer. A partially deuterated heteropolymer with 3-hydroxyoctanoic acid as the main constituent was produced. Deuteration is an important tool for contrast variation studies using neutron scattering, but predicates that the deuterated polymer is otherwise comparable in its physiochemical and material properties to its protonated counterpart. In studies reported here, the deuterated biopolymer exhibited an additional diffraction maximum at 7.55 A and slight differences in its melting point (60 and 55 degrees C) and glass transition temperature (-39 and -36 degrees C) when compared to its protonated equivalent. While significant differences between the protonated and deuterated biopolymers were determined, our results support the use of this deuterated polyhydroxyalkanoate in its application in investigations using analytical neutron scattering techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- L John R Foster
- Bio/polymers Research Group and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Taylor AP, Finnie KS, Bartlett JR, Holden PJ. Quantification of the contribution of surface outgrowth to biocatalysis in sol-gels: oxytetracycline production by Streptomyces rimosus. Biotechnol Lett 2004; 26:1707-11. [PMID: 15604823 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-004-3740-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A technique was developed for differentiating the activity of microbes solely within sol gels by using the contribution of biomass outgrowth. Streptomyces rimosus was immobilised in colloidal silica gels and biomass growth, oxytetracycline synthesis, pH and carbohydrate consumption were compared for UV surface-sterilised gels, untreated gels, and liquid cultures. Absolute and biomass specific oxytetracycline yields were higher for non-sterile gels than for liquid culture. Biomass solely within colloidal silica gels (1.7 mg ml(-1)), and gels obtained from colloidal silica modified by addition of larger silica particles (1.2 mg ml(-1)) yielded 27 and 21 microg ml(-1) oxytetracycline compared with 97 and 104 microg ml(-1) for unsterilised gels (3.6 and 5.2 mg ml(-1) biomass) displaying outgrowth. It was therefore apparent that biomass and antibiotic production within the gels was limited and that optimisation requires gel modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Taylor
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, Sydney, Australia.
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Ben-David EA, Holden PJ, Stone DJM, Harch BD, Foster LJ. The use of phospholipid fatty acid analysis to measure impact of acid rock drainage on microbial communities in sediments. Microb Ecol 2004; 48:300-315. [PMID: 15692850 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-003-1045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2003] [Accepted: 08/20/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The impact of acid rock drainage (ARD) and eutrophication on microbial communities in stream sediments above and below an abandoned mine site in the Adelaide Hills, South Australia, was quantified by PLFA analysis. Multivariate analysis of water quality parameters, including anions, soluble heavy metals, pH, and conductivity, as well as total extractable metal concentrations in sediments, produced clustering of sample sites into three distinct groups. These groups corresponded with levels of nutrient enrichment and/or concentration of pollutants associated with ARD. Total PLFA concentration, which is indicative of microbial biomass, was reduced by >70% at sites along the stream between the mine site and as far as 18 km downstream. Further downstream, however, recovery of the microbial abundance was apparent, possibly reflecting dilution effect by downstream tributaries. Total PLFA was >40% higher at, and immediately below, the mine site (0-0.1 km), compared with sites further downstream (2.5-18 km), even after accounting for differences in specific surface area of different sediment samples. The increased microbial population in the proximity of the mine source may be associated with the presence of a thriving iron-oxidizing bacteria community as a consequence of optimal conditions for these organisms while the lower microbial population further downstream corresponded with greater sediments' metal concentrations. PCA of relative abundance revealed a number of PLFAs which were most influential in discriminating between ARD-polluted sites and the rest of the sites. These PLFA included the hydroxy fatty acids: 2OH12:0, 3OH12:0, 2OH16:0; the fungal marker: 18:2omega6; the sulfate-reducing bacteria marker 10Me16:1omega7; and the saturated fatty acids 12:0, 16:0, 18:0. Partial constrained ordination revealed that the environmental parameters with the greatest bearing on the PLFA profiles included pH, soluble aluminum, total extractable iron, and zinc. The study demonstrated the successful application of PLFA analysis to rapidly assess the toxicity of ARD-affected waters and sediments and to differentiate this response from the effects of other pollutants, such as increased nutrients and salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Ben-David
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, 2052, Australia
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Russell RA, Holden PJ, Payne TE, McOrist GD. The effect of sulfate-reducing bacteria on adsorption of 137Cs by soils from arid and tropical regions. J Environ Radioact 2004; 74:151-158. [PMID: 15063544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Soils from different climatic regions of Australia were studied to determine their adsorption of (137)Cs, and the effect of microbial sulfate reduction on this adsorption. The soils consisted of a surface and regolith samples from the site of a proposed low and intermediate level radioactive waste repository in arid South Australia, and two red earth loam soils from an experimental plot in the tropical Northern Territory. The process of bacterial sulfate reduction substantially decreased the adsorption of (137)Cs to the arid and tropical soils, although extended incubation resulted in greater adsorption to the regolith sample. This could have implications for the mobility of radionuclides entering these soil ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Russell
- ANSTO Environment, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, PMB1 Menai, NSW 2234, Australia.
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Hermann JR, Honeyman MS, Zimmerman JJ, Thacker BJ, Holden PJ, Chang CC. Effect of dietary Echinacea purpurea on viremia and performance in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-infected nursery pigs. J Anim Sci 2003; 81:2139-44. [PMID: 12968687 DOI: 10.2527/2003.8192139x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of dietary Echinacea purpurea on performance, viremia, and ontogeny of the humoral antibody response against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection was evaluated in weaned pigs. In three replicates, 120 weaned pigs (25 +/- 1 d of age; 8.46 +/- 0.48 kg of BW) from a PRRSV-naive herd were allotted randomly to one of eight pens (diets) in two separate rooms (four pens/room), with each pen containing five pigs. Pigs began one of four dietary treatments (as-fed basis) 1 wk before inoculation with PRRSV: 1) basal diet composed of corn, soybean meal, whey, and essential vitamins and minerals; 2) basal diet plus carbadox (0.055 g/kg of diet; as-fed basis); 3) basal diet plus Echinacea 2% (2% of the total diet); 4) basal diet plus Echinacea 4% (4% of the total diet). The diets were formulated to be isocaloric and isolysinic. Echinacea purpurea was purchased in powder form and determined by chemical analysis to contain 1.35% cichoric acid (as-fed basis). Seven days after starting the diets, all pigs in one room were intranasally inoculated with PRRSV isolate ATCC VR-2332 at a concentration of 10(4) tissue culture infectious dose50/mL. To monitor the effects of Echinacea and PRRSV challenge, BW and blood samples were obtained from all pigs at 7-d intervals. Serum samples were analyzed for the presence of PRRSV and PRRSV-specific antibodies. All challenged pigs became infected with PRRSV, and all unchallenged pigs remained free of infection. No differences (P > 0.10) in ADG, ADFI, or gain:feed (G:F) were observed in PRRSV-challenged compared with unchallenged animals. For PRRSV-challenged animals receiving diets supplemented with Echinacea at 2 or 4%, no differences (P > 0.10) were observed in ADG, ADFI, or G:F ratio. Among PRRSV-challenged pigs, dietary Echinacea did not affect (P > 0.10) the rate or level of the ELISA-detectable antibody response from d 7 to 42 or the level and duration of PRRSV in serum. For PRRSV-unchallenged animals receiving diets supplemented with Echinacea at 2 or 4%, no differences (P > 0.10) were observed in ADG, ADFI, and G:F ratio. Under the conditions of this study, dietary Echinacea did not enhance growth, exhibit antiviral effects to PRRSV, or show any evidence of immune enhancing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Hermann
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA
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Holden PJ, Brown RW. Amplification of ribulose biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (RuBisCO LSU) gene fragments from Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and a moderate thermophile using polymerase chain reaction. FEMS Microbiol Rev 1993; 11:19-30. [PMID: 8357616 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.1993.tb00262.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Southern blot analysis of DNA from an iron-oxidising moderate thermophile NMW-6 and from Thiobacillus ferrooxidans strain TFI-35 demonstrated sequences homologous to the RuBisCO LSU gene of Synechococcus. DNA fragments (457 bp) encoding part of the RuBisCO LSU gene (amino acids 73-200) were amplified from the genomic DNA of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and the moderate thermophile NMW-6 using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique (Saiki et al. (1985) Science 233, 1350-1354). A comparison with the LSU sequences from T. ferrooxidans, Alcaligenes eutrophus, Chromatium vinosum, Synechococcus and Spinacea oleracea, which all have RuBisCOs with a hexadecameric structure, showed that the RuBisCO LSU gene sequence from NMW-6 appeared to be most closely related to that of the hydrogen bacterium A. eutrophus which showed 71.9% homology at the amino acid level. Despite its physiological similarity, T. ferrooxidans showed only 64.1% homology to the amino acid sequence from NMW-6 and had the lowest DNA homology (60.9%) of the hexadecameric type RuBisCOs. In the region sequenced, T. ferrooxidans and the RuBisCOs of the phototrophs C. vinosum, Synechococcus and S. oleracea, had 17 residues that were completely conserved which were substituted in both NMW-6 and A. eutrophus, 11 of these being identical substitutions. Comparison of the nucleotide and derived amino acid sequences of the RuBisCO LSU fragment from T. ferrooxidans with other RuBisCO sequences indicated a closer relationship to the hexadecameric type LSU genes of photosynthetic origin than to that of A. eutrophus. The T. ferrooxidans amino acid sequence showed 93.8%, 78.9% and 77.3% homology, respectively, to the C. vinosum, Synechococcus and S. oleracea (spinach) sequences but only 56.2% to A. eutrophus. The DNA sequence from Rhodospirillum rubrum, which has the atypical large subunit dimer RuBisCO structure with no small subunit, showed 39.2% and 42.7% homology, respectively, with the sequences of NMW-6 and T. ferrooxidans, and 25.0% and 29.7% amino acid homology, indicating that the DNA homology was substantially random in nature. PCR fragments (126 bp) that overlaped the last 15 codons of the fragments above were also amplified and sequenced. They showed incomplete homology with the larger fragments, supporting evidence obtained from Southern hybridizations that T. ferrooxidans and the moderate thermophile NMW-6 have multiple copies of RuBisCO LSU genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Holden
- University of NSW, Kensington, Australia
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Lucas EW, Holden PJ, Speer VC, Hays VW. Effect of protein level during pregnancy and lactation on plasma amino acid profile of swine. J Anim Sci 1969; 29:429-32. [PMID: 5391041 DOI: 10.2527/jas1969.293429x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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