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Wang C, Niu D, Mchunu NP, Zhang M, Singh S, Wang Z. Secretory expression of amylosucrase in Bacillus licheniformis through twin-arginine translocation pathway. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 51:kuae004. [PMID: 38253396 PMCID: PMC10849164 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Amylosucrase (EC 2.4.1.4) is a versatile enzyme with significant potential in biotechnology and food production. To facilitate its efficient preparation, a novel expression strategy was implemented in Bacillus licheniformis for the secretory expression of Neisseria polysaccharea amylosucrase (NpAS). The host strain B. licheniformis CBBD302 underwent genetic modification through the deletion of sacB, a gene responsible for encoding levansucrase that synthesizes extracellular levan from sucrose, resulting in a levan-deficient strain, B. licheniformis CBBD302B. Neisseria polysaccharea amylosucrase was successfully expressed in B. licheniformis CBBD302B using the highly efficient Sec-type signal peptide SamyL, but its extracellular translocation was unsuccessful. Consequently, the expression of NpAS via the twin-arginine translocation (TAT) pathway was investigated using the signal peptide SglmU. The study revealed that NpAS could be effectively translocated extracellularly through the TAT pathway, with the signal peptide SglmU facilitating the process. Remarkably, 62.81% of the total expressed activity was detected in the medium. This study marks the first successful secretory expression of NpAS in Bacillus species host cells, establishing a foundation for its future efficient production. ONE-SENTENCE SUMMARY Amylosucrase was secreted in Bacillus licheniformis via the twin-arginine translocation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caizhe Wang
- Department of Biological Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Dandan Niu
- Department of Biological Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Nokuthula Peace Mchunu
- National Research Foundation, PO Box 2600 Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- School of Life Science, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Biological Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Suren Singh
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, PO Box 1334, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Zhengxiang Wang
- Department of Biological Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin 300457, China
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2
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Chen L, Zhao N, McClements DJ, Hamaker BR, Miao M. Advanced dendritic glucan-derived biomaterials: From molecular structure to versatile applications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:4107-4146. [PMID: 37350042 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in the development of advanced biomaterials with improved or novel functionality for diversified applications. Dendritic glucans, such as phytoglycogen and glycogen, are abundant biomaterials with highly branched three-dimensional globular architectures, which endow them with unique structural and functional attributes, including small size, large specific surface area, high water solubility, low viscosity, high water retention, and the availability of numerous modifiable surface groups. Dendritic glucans can be synthesized by in vivo biocatalysis reactions using glucosyl-1-phosphate as a substrate, which can be obtained from plant, animal, or microbial sources. They can also be synthesized by in vitro methods using sucrose or starch as a substrate, which may be more suitable for large-scale industrial production. The large numbers of hydroxyl groups on the surfaces of dendritic glucan provide a platform for diverse derivatizations, including nonreducing end, hydroxyl functionalization, molecular degradation, and conjugation modifications. Due to their unique physicochemical and functional attributes, dendritic glucans have been widely applied in the food, pharmaceutical, biomedical, cosmetic, and chemical industries. For instance, they have been used as delivery systems, adsorbents, tissue engineering scaffolds, biosensors, and bioelectronic components. This article reviews progress in the design, synthesis, and application of dendritic glucans over the past several decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ningjing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - David J McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bruce R Hamaker
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Ming Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Wang Z, Hu X, Hamaker BR, Zhang T, Miao M. Development of phytoglycogen-derived core-shell-corona nanoparticles complexed with conjugated linoleic acid. Food Funct 2023; 14:6376-6384. [PMID: 37335179 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo00281k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Phytoglycogen-derived self-assembled nanoparticles (SMPG/CLA) and enzymatic-assembled nanoparticles (EMPG/CLA) were fabricated for delivery of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). After measuring the loading rate and yield, the optimal ratio for both assembled host-guest complexes was 1 : 10, and the maximum loading rate and yield for EMPG/CLA were 1.6% and 88.1%, respectively, higher than those of SMPG/CLA. Structural characterization studies showed that the assembled inclusion complexes were successfully constructed, and had a specific spatial architecture with inner-core amorphous and external-shell crystalline parts. A higher protective effect against oxidation of EMPG/CLA was observed than that of SMPG/CLA, supporting efficient complexation for a higher order crystalline structure. After 1 h of gastrointestinal digestion under the simulated conditions, 58.7% of CLA was released from EMPG/CLA, which was lower than that released from SMPG/CLA (73.8%). These results indicated that in situ enzymatic-assembled phytoglycogen-derived nanoparticles might be a promising carrier platform for protection and targeted delivery of hydrophobic bioactive ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
| | - Xiuting Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
| | - Bruce R Hamaker
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
| | - Ming Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
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Feng W, Wang Z, Campanella OH, Zhang T, Miao M. Fabrication of phytoglycogen-derived core-shell nanoparticles: Structure and characterizations. Food Chem 2023; 423:136317. [PMID: 37182493 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to investigate the fabrication of core-shell nanoparticles using phosphorylase-catalyzed chain extension of phytoglycogen, and to analyze the changes of structure and characterizations in detail. During the glucosylation reaction, the inorganic phosphate increased substantially up to 2.3 mg/mL in the initial 12 h, and then increased incrementally to 2.5 mg/mL at 24 h. The similar to trends was observed for increasing Mw and Rz over time, due to glucosyl transfers on the surface chain to form a corona around the phytoglycogen core with a larger size. Phosphorylase modification increases the percentages of longer chain fractions and the average chain length increased from degree of polymerization (DP) 11.6 to DP 48.2. The modified phytoglycogen exhibited the characteristic of B-type crystalline structure, indicating that the specific core-shell nanoparticle with inner amorphous nature and outer crystalline layer. The above results revealed that the potentiality of enzymatic chain elongation of phytoglycogen to design novel core-shell nanoparticle with tailor-made structure and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Osvaldo H Campanella
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Ming Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
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Lee D, Park SD, Jun SJ, Park JT, Chang PS, Yoo SH. Differentiated structure of synthetic glycogen-like particle by the combined action of glycogen branching enzymes and amylosucrase. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 195:152-162. [PMID: 34856217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen-like particles (GLPs) were built up from sucrose by applying de novo one-pot enzymatic process of amylosucrase (ASase; 6 U·mL-1) and glycogen branching enzymes (GBEs; 0.001 and 0.005 U·mL-1). Due to different chain-length transferring patterns of GBEs, structurally differentiated GLPs were synthesized. Yields of GLPs synthesized at pH 7.0 and 30 °C were improved by increasing the GBE/ASase ratio. Branching degrees of GLPs obviously was increased along with the ratio of GBEs, of which result was directly supported by shortened branch-chain length with greater GBE activity. Long branch chains seemed to play as efficient acceptor molecules to bind newly transferred branch chains especially at lower ratio of GBE/ASase, resulting in greater molecular weight and size of GLP with higher proportion of them. Molecular weight, size, and density of GLPs were ranged from 7.37 × 105 to 1.94 × 108 g·mol-1, from 23.70 to 52.65 nm, and from 7.99 to 374.32 g·mol-1·nm-3, respectively. By increasing GBE/ASase ratio, more compact GLP architecture was fabricated due to increased weight and reduced size with exception of a unique GBE. GLPs were efficiently synthesized by two different glycosyltransferases, and their chemical structures were controllable by source and ratio of GBEs due to their different branch-chain transferring specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Dong Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Jun
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Tae Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Pahn-Shick Chang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Agricultural Microorganism and Enzyme, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Ho Yoo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
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Liu J, Bai Y, Ji H, Wang Y, Jin Z, Svensson B. Controlling the Fine Structure of Glycogen-like Glucan by Rational Enzymatic Synthesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:14951-14960. [PMID: 34847321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen-like glucan (GnG), a hyperbranched glucose polymer, has been receiving increasing attention to generate synthetic polymers and nanoparticles. Importantly, different branching patterns strongly influence the functionality of GnG. To uncover ways of obtaining different GnG branching patterns, a series of GnG with radius from 22.03 to 27.06 nm were synthesized using sucrose phosphorylase, α-glucan phosphorylase (GP), and branching enzyme (BE). Adjusting the relative activity ratio of GP and BE (GP/BE) made the molecular weight (MW) distribution of intermediate GnG products follow two different paths. At a low GP/BE, the GnG developed from "small to large" during the synthetic process, with the MW increasing from 6.15 × 106 to 1.21 × 107 g/mol, and possessed a compact structure. By contrast, a high GP/BE caused the "large to small" model, with the MW reduction of GnG from 1.62 × 107 to 1.21 × 107 g/mol, and created a loose external structure. The higher GP activity promoted the elongation of external chains and restrained chain transfer by the BE to the inner zone of GnG, which would modulate the loose-tight structure of GnG. These findings provide new useful insights into the construction of structurally well-defined nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yuxiang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Hangyan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhengyu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Birte Svensson
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
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7
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Mao X, Long L, Shen J, Lin K, Yin L, Yi J, Zhang LM, Deng DYB, Yang L. Nanoparticles composed of the tea polysaccharide-complexed cationic vitamin B 12-conjugated glycogen derivative. Food Funct 2021; 12:8522-8534. [PMID: 34312648 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00487e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Tea polysaccharides exhibit multiple important bioactivities, but very few of them can be absorbed through the small intestine. To enhance the absorption efficacy of tea polysaccharides, a cationic vitamin B12-conjugated glycogen derivative bearing the diethylenetriamine residues (VB12-DETA-Gly) was synthesized and characterized using FTIR, 1H NMR, and UV-vis spectroscopy. An acidic tea polysaccharide (TPSA) was isolated from green tea. The TPSA/VB12-DETA-Gly complexed nanoparticles were prepared, which showed positive zeta potentials and were irregular spherical nanoparticles in the sizes of 50-100 nm. To enable the fluorescence and UV-vis absorption properties of TPSA, a Congo red residue-conjugated TPSA derivative (CR-TPSA) was synthesized. The interactions and complexation mechanism between the CR-TPSA and the VB12-DETA-Gly derivatives were investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy, resonance light scattering spectroscopy, and UV-vis spectroscopy. The results indicated that the electrostatic interaction could play a major role during the CR-TPSA and VB12-DETA-Gly-II complexation processes. The TPSA/VB12-DETA-Gly nanoparticles were nontoxic and exhibited targeted endocytosis for the Caco-2 cells, and showed high permeation through intestinal enterocytes using the Caco-2 cell model. Therefore, they exhibit potential for enhancing the absorption efficacy of tea polysaccharides through the small intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhong Mao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for High Performance Polymer-based Composites, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Lingli Long
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Juncheng Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for High Performance Polymer-based Composites, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Kunhua Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for High Performance Polymer-based Composites, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Lin Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for High Performance Polymer-based Composites, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Juzhen Yi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for High Performance Polymer-based Composites, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Li-Ming Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for High Performance Polymer-based Composites, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - David Y B Deng
- Scientific Research Center and Department of Orthopedic, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China and Research Center of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Liqun Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for High Performance Polymer-based Composites, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Hyperbranched Cationic Glycogen Derivative-Mediated I κB α Gene Silencing Regulates the Uveoscleral Outflow Pathway in Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2020:8206849. [PMID: 33381584 PMCID: PMC7762656 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8206849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The role of the IκB/NF-κB signaling pathway in the uveoscleral outflow pathway was investigated with IκBα gene silencing mediated by the 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen (DMAPA-Glyp) derivative. The IκBα-siRNA-loaded DMAPA-Glyp complex was transfected into the ciliary muscles of rats by intracameral injection (labeled as the DMAPA-Glyp+siRNA group). The Lipofectamine™ 2000 (Lipo)/siRNA complex and the naked siRNA were set as the controls. The mRNA and protein expression of IκBα, NF-κBp65, and MMP-2 were analyzed by real-time PCR, western blotting, and in situ gelatin zymography. Nuclear translocation of NF-κBp65 was analyzed by immunofluorescence. Rat intraocular pressure (IOP) was monitored pre- and postinjection. Gene transfection efficiency and toxicity of the DMAPA-Glyp derivative were also evaluated. After RNA interference (RNAi), IκBα mRNA and protein expression were significantly inhibited. NF-κBp65 mRNA and protein expression showed no significant differences. Nevertheless, nuclear translocation of NF-κBp65 occurred in the DMAPA-Glyp+siRNA group. Both mRNA expression and activity of MMP-2 increased, with the largest increase in the DMAPA-Glyp+siRNA group. IOP in the DMAPA-Glyp+siRNA group fell to the lowest level on day 3 after RNAi. The levels of Cy3-siRNA in the ciliary muscle of the DMAPA-Glyp+siRNA group did not significantly decrease over time. At 7 and 14 d after RNAi, no significant pathological damage was detectable in the eyes injected with the DMAPA-Glyp derivative or the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA complex. Taken together, our results suggest that downregulation of IκBα expression in the ciliary muscle plays a crucial role in reducing the IOP values of rats. IκBα may become a new molecular target for lowering IOP in glaucoma. The DMAPA-Glyp derivative is safe and feasible as an effective siRNA vector in rat eyes.
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Tetlow IJ, Bertoft E. A Review of Starch Biosynthesis in Relation to the Building Block-Backbone Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7011. [PMID: 32977627 PMCID: PMC7582286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Starch is a water-insoluble polymer of glucose synthesized as discrete granules inside the stroma of plastids in plant cells. Starch reserves provide a source of carbohydrate for immediate growth and development, and act as long term carbon stores in endosperms and seed tissues for growth of the next generation, making starch of huge agricultural importance. The starch granule has a highly complex hierarchical structure arising from the combined actions of a large array of enzymes as well as physicochemical self-assembly mechanisms. Understanding the precise nature of granule architecture, and how both biological and abiotic factors determine this structure is of both fundamental and practical importance. This review outlines current knowledge of granule architecture and the starch biosynthesis pathway in relation to the building block-backbone model of starch structure. We highlight the gaps in our knowledge in relation to our understanding of the structure and synthesis of starch, and argue that the building block-backbone model takes accurate account of both structural and biochemical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J. Tetlow
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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10
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Besford QA, Cavalieri F, Caruso F. Glycogen as a Building Block for Advanced Biological Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1904625. [PMID: 31617264 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biological nanoparticles found in living systems possess distinct molecular architectures and diverse functions. Glycogen is a unique biological polysaccharide nanoparticle fabricated by nature through a bottom-up approach. The biocatalytic synthesis of glycogen has evolved over time to form a nanometer-sized dendrimer-like structure (20-150 nm) with a highly branched surface and a dense core. This makes glycogen markedly different from other natural linear or branched polysaccharides and particularly attractive as a platform for biomedical applications. Glycogen is inherently biodegradable, nontoxic, and can be functionalized with diverse surface and internal motifs for enhanced biofunctional properties. Recently, there has been growing interest in glycogen as a natural alternative to synthetic polymers and nanoparticles in a range of applications. Herein, the recent literature on glycogen in the material-based sciences, including its use as a constituent in biodegradable hydrogels and fibers, drug delivery vectors, tumor targeting and penetrating nanoparticles, immunomodulators, vaccine adjuvants, and contrast agents, is reviewed. The various methods of chemical functionalization and physical assembly of glycogen nanoparticles into multicomponent nanodevices, which advance glycogen toward a functional therapeutic nanoparticle from nature and back again, are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn A Besford
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Francesca Cavalieri
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Frank Caruso
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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11
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Brewer MK, Putaux JL, Rondon A, Uittenbogaard A, Sullivan MA, Gentry MS. Polyglucosan body structure in Lafora disease. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 240:116260. [PMID: 32475552 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal carbohydrate structures known as polyglucosan bodies (PGBs) are associated with neurological disorders, glycogen storage diseases (GSDs), and aging. A hallmark of the GSD Lafora disease (LD), a fatal childhood epilepsy caused by recessive mutations in the EPM2A or EPM2B genes, are cytoplasmic PGBs known as Lafora bodies (LBs). LBs result from aberrant glycogen metabolism and drive disease progression. They are abundant in brain, muscle and heart of LD patients and Epm2a-/- and Epm2b-/- mice. LBs and PGBs are histologically reminiscent of starch, semicrystalline carbohydrates synthesized for glucose storage in plants. In this study, we define LB architecture, tissue-specific differences, and dynamics. We propose a model for how small polyglucosans aggregate to form LBs. LBs are very similar to PGBs of aging and other neurological disorders, and so these studies have direct relevance to the general understanding of PGB structure and formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kathryn Brewer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA; Lafora Epilepsy Cure Initiative, Epilepsy and Brain Metabolism Center, and Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA; Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jean-Luc Putaux
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Alberto Rondon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Annette Uittenbogaard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Mitchell A Sullivan
- Glycation and Diabetes Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew S Gentry
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA; Lafora Epilepsy Cure Initiative, Epilepsy and Brain Metabolism Center, and Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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12
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Krüger M, Oosterhoff LA, van Wolferen ME, Schiele SA, Walther A, Geijsen N, De Laporte L, van der Laan LJW, Kock LM, Spee B. Cellulose Nanofibril Hydrogel Promotes Hepatic Differentiation of Human Liver Organoids. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901658. [PMID: 32090504 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To replicate functional liver tissue in vitro for drug testing or transplantation, 3D tissue engineering requires representative cell models as well as scaffolds that not only promote tissue production but also are applicable in a clinical setting. Recently, adult liver-derived liver organoids are found to be of much interest due to their genetic stability, expansion potential, and ability to differentiate toward a hepatocyte-like fate. The current standard for culturing these organoids is a basement membrane hydrogel like Matrigel (MG), which is derived from murine tumor material and apart from its variability and high costs, possesses an undefined composition and is therefore not clinically applicable. Here, a cellulose nanofibril (CNF) hydrogel is investigated with regard to its potential to serve as an alternative clinical grade scaffold to differentiate liver organoids. The results show that its mechanical properties are suitable for differentiation with overall, either equal or improved, functionality of the hepatocyte-like cells compared to MG. Therefore, and because of its defined and tunable chemical definition, the CNF hydrogel presents a viable alternative to MG for liver tissue engineering with the option for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Krüger
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion AnimalsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht University Uppsalalaan 8 3584 CT Utrecht The Netherlands
- LifeTec Group BV Kennedyplein 10‐11 5611 ZS Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Loes A. Oosterhoff
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion AnimalsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht University Uppsalalaan 8 3584 CT Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Monique E. van Wolferen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion AnimalsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht University Uppsalalaan 8 3584 CT Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Simon A. Schiele
- DWI – Leibniz‐Institut für Interaktive Materialien e.V.Advanced Materials for BiomedicineITMC – Institute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryRWTH University Aachen Forckenbeckstr. 50 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- Albert‐Ludwigs‐Universität FreiburgInstitute for Macromolecular Chemistry Stefan‐Meier‐Strasse 3, Hermann Staudinger Building 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Niels Geijsen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion AnimalsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht University Uppsalalaan 8 3584 CT Utrecht The Netherlands
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell ResearchUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Uppsalalaan 8 3584 CT Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Laura De Laporte
- DWI – Leibniz‐Institut für Interaktive Materialien e.V.Advanced Materials for BiomedicineITMC – Institute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryRWTH University Aachen Forckenbeckstr. 50 52056 Aachen Germany
| | | | - Linda M. Kock
- LifeTec Group BV Kennedyplein 10‐11 5611 ZS Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion AnimalsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht University Uppsalalaan 8 3584 CT Utrecht The Netherlands
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13
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Structure, bioactivity and applications of natural hyperbranched polysaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 223:115076. [PMID: 31427017 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, hyperbranched polymers, especially the natural hyperbranched polysaccharides (HBPSs), are receiving much attention due to their diverse biological activities and applications. With high degree of branching (DB), HBPSs mainly exist in the form of either a comb-brush shape, dendrimer-like particulate, or globular particle. HBPSs also possess some unique properties, such as high density, large spatial cavities, and numerous terminal functional groups, which distinguish them from other polymers. As a natural biopolymer, HBPS has excellent bioavailability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, which have versatile applications in the fields of food, medicine, cosmetic, and nanomaterials. In this review, the source and structure of HBPSs from plant, animal, microbial and fungal origins as well as their biological functions and applications are covered, with the aim of further advancing the research of their structure and bioactivity.
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14
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Goren A, Ashlock D, Tetlow IJ. Starch formation inside plastids of higher plants. PROTOPLASMA 2018; 255:1855-1876. [PMID: 29774409 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-1259-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Starch is a water-insoluble polyglucan synthesized inside the plastid stroma within plant cells, serving a crucial role in the carbon budget of the whole plant by acting as a short-term and long-term store of energy. The highly complex, hierarchical structure of the starch granule arises from the actions of a large suite of enzyme activities, in addition to physicochemical self-assembly mechanisms. This review outlines current knowledge of the starch biosynthetic pathway operating in plant cells in relation to the micro- and macro-structures of the starch granule. We highlight the gaps in our knowledge, in particular, the relationship between enzyme function and operation at the molecular level and the formation of the final, macroscopic architecture of the granule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asena Goren
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Daniel Ashlock
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ian J Tetlow
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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15
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Miao M, Jiang B, Jin Z, BeMiller JN. Microbial Starch-Converting Enzymes: Recent Insights and Perspectives. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:1238-1260. [PMID: 33350152 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology; Jiangnan Univ.; 1800 Lihu Ave. Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P. R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology; Jiangnan Univ.; 1800 Lihu Ave. Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P. R. China
| | - Zhengyu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology; Jiangnan Univ.; 1800 Lihu Ave. Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P. R. China
| | - James N. BeMiller
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology; Jiangnan Univ.; 1800 Lihu Ave. Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P. R. China
- Dept. of Food Science; Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue Univ.; 745 Agriculture Mall Drive West Lafayette IN 47907-2009 U.S.A
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16
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Tian Y, Xu W, Zhang W, Zhang T, Guang C, Mu W. Amylosucrase as a transglucosylation tool: From molecular features to bioengineering applications. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1540-1552. [PMID: 29935268 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Amylosucrase (EC 2.4.1.4, ASase), an outstanding sucrose-utilizing transglucosylase in the glycoside hydrolase family 13, can produce glucans with only α-1,4 linkages. Generally, on account of a double-displacement mechanism, ASase can catalyze polymerization, isomerization, and hydrolysis reactions with sucrose as the sole substrate, and has transglycosylation capacity to attach glucose molecules from sucrose to extra glycosyl acceptors. Based on extensive enzymology research, this review presents the characteristics of various ASases, including their microbial metabolism, preparation, and enzymatic properties, and exhibits structure-based strategies in the improvement of activity, specificity, and thermostability. As a vital transglucosylation tool of producing sugars, carbohydrate-based bioactive compounds, and materials, the bioengineering applications of ASases are also systematically summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Cuie Guang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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17
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Zhang H, Chen Z, Zhou X, He J, Wang T, Luo X, Wang L, Wang R. Anti-digestion properties of amylosucrase modified waxy corn starch. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 109:383-388. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
The starch-rich endosperms of the Poaceae, which includes wild grasses and their domesticated descendents the cereals, have provided humankind and their livestock with the bulk of their daily calories since the dawn of civilization up to the present day. There are currently unprecedented pressures on global food supplies, largely resulting from population growth, loss of agricultural land that is linked to increased urbanization, and climate change. Since cereal yields essentially underpin world food and feed supply, it is critical that we understand the biological factors contributing to crop yields. In particular, it is important to understand the biochemical pathway that is involved in starch biosynthesis, since this pathway is the major yield determinant in the seeds of six out of the top seven crops grown worldwide. This review outlines the critical stages of growth and development of the endosperm tissue in the Poaceae, including discussion of carbon provision to the growing sink tissue. The main body of the review presents a current view of our understanding of storage starch biosynthesis, which occurs inside the amyloplasts of developing endosperms.
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19
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Zhang H, Zhou X, Wang T, He J, Yue M, Luo X, Wang L, Wang R, Chen Z. Enzymatically modified waxy corn starch with amylosucrase: The effect of branch chain elongation on structural and physicochemical properties. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Crystallite orientation maps in starch granules from polarized Raman spectroscopy (PRS) data. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 154:70-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Impact of dual-enzyme treatment on the octenylsuccinic anhydride esterification of soluble starch nanoparticle. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 147:392-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Moulis C, André I, Remaud-Simeon M. GH13 amylosucrases and GH70 branching sucrases, atypical enzymes in their respective families. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:2661-79. [PMID: 27141938 PMCID: PMC11108324 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2244-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Amylosucrases and branching sucrases are α-retaining transglucosylases found in the glycoside-hydrolase families 13 and 70, respectively, of the clan GH-H. These enzymes display unique activities in their respective families. Using sucrose as substrate and without mediation of nucleotide-activated sugars, amylosucrase catalyzes the formation of an α-(1 → 4) linked glucan that resembles amylose. In contrast, the recently discovered branching sucrases are unable to catalyze polymerization of glucosyl units as they are rather specific for dextran branching through α-(1 → 2) or α-(1 → 3) branching linkages depending on the enzyme regiospecificity. In addition, GH13 amylosucrases and GH70 branching sucrases are naturally promiscuous and can glucosylate different types of acceptor molecules including sugars, polyols, or flavonoids. Amylosucrases have been the most investigated glucansucrases, in particular to control product profiles or to successfully develop tailored α-transglucosylases able to glucosylate various molecules of interest, for example, chemically protected carbohydrates that are planned to enter in chemoenzymatic pathways. The structural traits of these atypical enzymes will be described and compared, and an overview of the potential of natural or engineered enzymes for glycodiversification and chemoenzymatic synthesis will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Moulis
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, 31400, Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle André
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, 31400, Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Magali Remaud-Simeon
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France.
- CNRS, UMR5504, 31400, Toulouse, France.
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, 31400, Toulouse, France.
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23
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Low digestion property of amylosucrase-modified waxy adlay starch. Food Sci Biotechnol 2016; 25:457-460. [PMID: 30263291 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0063-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural and digestion properties of amylosucrase-modified waxy adlay starch were investigated. The unique reaction of amylosucrase caused a decrease and an increase in the proportion of short chains and long chains, respectively, via attachment of glucosyl units to the non-reducing ends of branch chains. The in vitro digestion profile of amylosucrase-modified starch revealed that elongated branch chains were the main reason for high contents of slowly digestible and resistant starches due to formation of a more perfect crystalline structure via easy association between elongated branch chains. The glucose response in mice after consumption of amylosucrase-modified starch was similar to the response for commercial resistant starch with a gradual increase followed by a gradual decrease in blood glucose concentrations over a prolonged time. Both in vitro and in vivo tests were used to verify increased resistance to digestive enzymes caused by amylosucrase modification.
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24
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Grossutti M, Dutcher JR. Correlation Between Chain Architecture and Hydration Water Structure in Polysaccharides. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:1198-204. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Grossutti
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - John R. Dutcher
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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25
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Nickels JD, Atkinson J, Papp-Szabo E, Stanley C, Diallo SO, Perticaroli S, Baylis B, Mahon P, Ehlers G, Katsaras J, Dutcher JR. Structure and Hydration of Highly-Branched, Monodisperse Phytoglycogen Nanoparticles. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:735-43. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D. Nickels
- Joint
Institute for Neutron Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Department
of Physics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Biology
and Soft Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - John Atkinson
- Department
of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Erzsebet Papp-Szabo
- Department
of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Christopher Stanley
- Biology
and Soft Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Souleymane O. Diallo
- Chemical
and Engineering Materials Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak
Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | | | - Benjamin Baylis
- Department
of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Perry Mahon
- Department
of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Georg Ehlers
- Quantum Condensed
Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - John Katsaras
- Joint
Institute for Neutron Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Department
of Physics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Biology
and Soft Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - John R. Dutcher
- Department
of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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26
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Shoda SI, Uyama H, Kadokawa JI, Kimura S, Kobayashi S. Enzymes as Green Catalysts for Precision Macromolecular Synthesis. Chem Rev 2016; 116:2307-413. [PMID: 26791937 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present article comprehensively reviews the macromolecular synthesis using enzymes as catalysts. Among the six main classes of enzymes, the three classes, oxidoreductases, transferases, and hydrolases, have been employed as catalysts for the in vitro macromolecular synthesis and modification reactions. Appropriate design of reaction including monomer and enzyme catalyst produces macromolecules with precisely controlled structure, similarly as in vivo enzymatic reactions. The reaction controls the product structure with respect to substrate selectivity, chemo-selectivity, regio-selectivity, stereoselectivity, and choro-selectivity. Oxidoreductases catalyze various oxidation polymerizations of aromatic compounds as well as vinyl polymerizations. Transferases are effective catalysts for producing polysaccharide having a variety of structure and polyesters. Hydrolases catalyzing the bond-cleaving of macromolecules in vivo, catalyze the reverse reaction for bond forming in vitro to give various polysaccharides and functionalized polyesters. The enzymatic polymerizations allowed the first in vitro synthesis of natural polysaccharides having complicated structures like cellulose, amylose, xylan, chitin, hyaluronan, and chondroitin. These polymerizations are "green" with several respects; nontoxicity of enzyme, high catalyst efficiency, selective reactions under mild conditions using green solvents and renewable starting materials, and producing minimal byproducts. Thus, the enzymatic polymerization is desirable for the environment and contributes to "green polymer chemistry" for maintaining sustainable society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichiro Shoda
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University , Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University , Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Kadokawa
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University , Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Shunsaku Kimura
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shiro Kobayashi
- Center for Fiber & Textile Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology , Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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27
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O'Neill EC, Field RA. Underpinning Starch Biology with in vitro Studies on Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes and Biosynthetic Glycomaterials. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 3:136. [PMID: 26442250 PMCID: PMC4561517 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Starch makes up more than half of the calories in the human diet and is also a valuable bulk commodity that is used across the food, brewing and distilling, medicines and renewable materials sectors. Despite its importance, our understanding of how plants make starch, and what controls the deposition of this insoluble, polymeric, liquid crystalline material, remains rather limited. Advances are hampered by the challenges inherent in analyzing enzymes that operate across the solid-liquid interface. Glyconanotechnology, in the form of glucan-coated sensor chips and metal nanoparticles, present novel opportunities to address this problem. Herein, we review recent developments aimed at the bottom-up generation and self-assembly of starch-like materials, in order to better understand which enzymes are required for starch granule biogenesis and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellis C O'Neill
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park , Norwich , UK
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28
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Liang X, Wu S, Ren X, Quan D, Zhang L, Deng Y, Yang L. Complexation behaviors of hyperbranched cationic glycogen derivatives with plasmid DNA revealed by resonance light scattering and circular dichroism spectroscopy. STARCH-STARKE 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201400224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liang
- Department of Polymer and Material ScienceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringKey Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Designed Synthesis and Application of Polymer Material of Guangdong ProvinceKey Laboratory for High Performance Polymer‐based Composites of Guangdong ProvinceGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for High Performance Polymer‐based CompositesSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shuyun Wu
- Department of Polymer and Material ScienceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringKey Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Designed Synthesis and Application of Polymer Material of Guangdong ProvinceKey Laboratory for High Performance Polymer‐based Composites of Guangdong ProvinceGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for High Performance Polymer‐based CompositesSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xianyue Ren
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Daping Quan
- Department of Polymer and Material ScienceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringKey Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Designed Synthesis and Application of Polymer Material of Guangdong ProvinceKey Laboratory for High Performance Polymer‐based Composites of Guangdong ProvinceGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for High Performance Polymer‐based CompositesSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Li‐Ming Zhang
- Department of Polymer and Material ScienceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringKey Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Designed Synthesis and Application of Polymer Material of Guangdong ProvinceKey Laboratory for High Performance Polymer‐based Composites of Guangdong ProvinceGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for High Performance Polymer‐based CompositesSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yubing Deng
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Liqun Yang
- Department of Polymer and Material ScienceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringKey Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Designed Synthesis and Application of Polymer Material of Guangdong ProvinceKey Laboratory for High Performance Polymer‐based Composites of Guangdong ProvinceGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for High Performance Polymer‐based CompositesSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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29
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Liu Z, Gong H, Zeng R, Liang X, Zhang LM, Yang L, Lan Y. Efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA to human retinal pigment epithelial cells with hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-based nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:2735-49. [PMID: 25897219 PMCID: PMC4396640 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s75188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivative-mediated small interfering (si)RNA interference strategy was proposed to inhibit nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation in human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells for the gene therapy of diabetic retinopathy. Two hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivatives containing the same amount of cationic residues, but with different branching structures and molecular weights, including 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine-conjugated glycogen (DMAPA-Glyp) and amylopectin (DMAPA-Amp) derivatives, were developed for the efficient delivery of NF-κB siRNA into hRPE cells. The DMAPA-Glyp derivative showed lower toxicity against hRPE cells. Furthermore, the DMAPA-Glyp derivative more readily condensed siRNA and then formed the nanoparticles attributed to its higher branching architecture when compared to the DMAPA-Amp derivative. Both DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA and DMAPA-Amp/siRNA nanoparticles were able to protect siRNA from degradation by nuclease in 25% fetal bovine serum. The particle sizes of the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles (70–120 nm) were smaller than those of the DMAPA-Amp/siRNA nanoparticles (130–180 nm) due to the higher branching architecture and lower molecular weight of the DMAPA-Glyp derivative. In addition, the zeta potentials of the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles were higher than those of the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles. As a result, siRNA was much more efficiently transferred into hRPE cells using the DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles rather than the DMAPA-Amp/siRNA nanoparticles. This led to significantly high levels of suppression on the expression levels of NF-κB p65 messenger RNA and protein in the cells transfected with DMAPA-Glyp/siRNA nanoparticles. This work provides a potential approach to promote hyperbranched polysaccharide derivatives as nonviral siRNA vectors for the inhibition of NF-κB activation in hRPE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Liu
- Institute of Polymer Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Designed Synthesis and Application of Polymer Material, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijun Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provinci Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provinci Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Liang
- Institute of Polymer Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Designed Synthesis and Application of Polymer Material, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ming Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Designed Synthesis and Application of Polymer Material, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqun Yang
- Institute of Polymer Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Designed Synthesis and Application of Polymer Material, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Lan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provinci Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Huang XF, Nazarian-Firouzabadi F, Vincken JP, Ji Q, Visser RGF, Trindade LM. Expression of an amylosucrase gene in potato results in larger starch granules with novel properties. PLANTA 2014; 240:409-421. [PMID: 24893853 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Expression of amylosucrase in potato resulted in larger starch granules with rough surfaces and novel physico-chemical properties, including improved freeze-thaw stability, higher end viscosity, and better enzymatic digestibility. Starch is a very important carbohydrate in many food and non-food applications. In planta modification of starch by genetic engineering has significant economic and environmental benefits as it makes the chemical or physical post-harvest modification obsolete. An amylosucrase from Neisseria polysaccharea fused to a starch-binding domain (SBD) was introduced in two potato genetic backgrounds to synthesize starch granules with altered composition, and thereby to broaden starch applications. Expression of SBD-amylosucrase fusion protein in the amylose-containing potato resulted in starch granules with a rough surface, a twofold increase in median granule size, and altered physico-chemical properties including improved freeze-thaw stability, higher end viscosity, and better enzymatic digestibility. These effects are possibly a result of the physical interaction between amylosucrase and starch granules. The modified larger starches not only have great benefit to the potato starch industry by reducing losses during starch isolation, but also have an advantage in many food applications such as frozen food due to its extremely high freeze-thaw stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Feng Huang
- Wageningen UR - Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Center, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Ciric J, Petrovic DM, Loos K. Polysaccharide Biocatalysis: From Synthesizing Carbohydrate Standards to Establishing Characterization Methods. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201300801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Ciric
- Department of Polymer Chemistry & Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Dejan M. Petrovic
- Department of Polymer Chemistry & Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Katja Loos
- Department of Polymer Chemistry & Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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Liang X, Ren X, Liu Z, Liu Y, Wang J, Wang J, Zhang LM, Deng DY, Quan D, Yang L. An efficient nonviral gene-delivery vector based on hyperbranched cationic glycogen derivatives. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:419-35. [PMID: 24520193 PMCID: PMC3917921 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s51919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to synthesize and evaluate hyperbranched cationic glycogen derivatives as an efficient nonviral gene-delivery vector. Methods A series of hyperbranched cationic glycogen derivatives conjugated with 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine (DMAPA-Glyp) and 1-(2-aminoethyl) piperazine (AEPZ-Glyp) residues were synthesized and characterized by Fourier-transform infrared and hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Their buffer capacity was assessed by acid–base titration in aqueous NaCl solution. Plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (pDNA) condensation ability and protection against DNase I degradation of the glycogen derivatives were assessed using agarose gel electrophoresis. The zeta potentials and particle sizes of the glycogen derivative/pDNA complexes were measured, and the images of the complexes were observed using atomic force microscopy. Blood compatibility and cytotoxicity were evaluated by hemolysis assay and MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, respectively. pDNA transfection efficiency mediated by the cationic glycogen derivatives was evaluated by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy in the 293T (human embryonic kidney) and the CNE2 (human nasopharyngeal carcinoma) cell lines. In vivo delivery of pDNA in model animals (Sprague Dawley rats) was evaluated to identify the safety and transfection efficiency. Results The hyperbranched cationic glycogen derivatives conjugated with DMAPA and AEPZ residues were synthesized. They exhibited better blood compatibility and lower cytotoxicity when compared to branched polyethyleneimine (bPEI). They were able to bind and condense pDNA to form the complexes of 100–250 nm in size. The transfection efficiency of the DMAPA-Glyp/pDNA complexes was higher than those of the AEPZ-Glyp/pDNA complexes in both the 293T and CNE2 cells, and almost equal to those of bPEI. Furthermore, pDNA could be more safely delivered to the blood vessels in brain tissue of Sprague Dawley rats by the DMAPA-Glyp derivatives, and then expressed as green fluorescence protein, compared with the control group. Conclusion The hyperbranched cationic glycogen derivatives, especially the DMAPA-Glyp derivatives, showed high gene-transfection efficiency, good blood compatibility, and low cyto toxicity when transfected in vitro and in vivo, which are novel potential nonviral gene vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liang
- Institute of Polymer Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Designed Synthesis and Application of Polymer Material, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianyue Ren
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- Institute of Polymer Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Designed Synthesis and Application of Polymer Material, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingliang Liu
- Institute of Polymer Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Designed Synthesis and Application of Polymer Material, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jue Wang
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingnan Wang
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ming Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Designed Synthesis and Application of Polymer Material, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - David Yb Deng
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Daping Quan
- Institute of Polymer Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Designed Synthesis and Application of Polymer Material, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqun Yang
- Institute of Polymer Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Designed Synthesis and Application of Polymer Material, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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O'Neill EC, Rashid AM, Stevenson CEM, Hetru AC, Gunning AP, Rejzek M, Nepogodiev SA, Bornemann S, Lawson DM, Field RA. Sugar-coated sensor chip and nanoparticle surfaces for the in vitro enzymatic synthesis of starch-like materials. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc51829a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Synthesis of New Polysaccharide Materials by Phosphorylase-Catalyzed Enzymatic α-Glycosylations Using Polymeric Glycosyl Acceptors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2013-1144.ch011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Ciric J, Woortman AJJ, Gordiichuk P, Stuart MCA, Loos K. Physical properties and structure of enzymatically synthesized amylopectin analogs. STARCH-STARKE 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201300063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Ciric
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Albert J. J. Woortman
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Pavlo Gordiichuk
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Marc C. A. Stuart
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute; University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Katja Loos
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
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Bertoldo M, Zampano G, Suffner L, Liberati E, Ciardelli F. Oxidation of glycogen “molecular nanoparticles” by periodate. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20625k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Fujita N, Hanashiro I, Suzuki S, Higuchi T, Toyosawa Y, Utsumi Y, Itoh R, Aihara S, Nakamura Y. Elongated phytoglycogen chain length in transgenic rice endosperm expressing active starch synthase IIa affects the altered solubility and crystallinity of the storage α-glucan. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:5859-72. [PMID: 23048127 PMCID: PMC3467298 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between the solubility, crystallinity, and length of the unit chains of plant storage α-glucan was investigated by manipulating the chain length of α-glucans accumulated in a rice mutant. Transgenic lines were produced by introducing a cDNA for starch synthase IIa (SSIIa) from an indica cultivar (SSIIa (I), coding for active SSIIa) into an isoamylase1 (ISA1)-deficient mutant (isa1) that was derived from a japonica cultivar (bearing inactive SSIIa proteins). The water-soluble fraction accounted for >95% of the total α-glucan in the isa1 mutant, whereas it was only 35-70% in the transgenic SSIIa (I)/isa1 lines. Thus, the α-glucans from the SSIIa (I)/isa1 lines were fractionated into soluble and insoluble fractions prior to the following characterizations. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a weak B-type crystallinity for the α-glucans of the insoluble fraction, while no crystallinity was confirmed for α-glucans in isa1. Concerning the degree of polymerization (DP) ≤30, the chain lengths of these α-glucans differed significantly in the order of SSIIa (I)/isa1 insoluble > SSIIa (I)/isa1 soluble > α-glucans in isa1. The amount of long chains with DP ≥33 was higher in the insoluble fraction α-glucans than in the other two α-glucans. No difference was observed in the chain length distributions of the β-amylase limit dextrins among these α-glucans. These results suggest that in the SSIIa (I)/isa1 transgenic lines, the unit chains of α-glucans were elongated by SSIIa(I), whereas the expression of SSIIa(I) did not affect the branch positions. Thus, the observed insolubility and crystallinity of the insoluble fraction can be attributed to the elongated length of the outer chains due to SSIIa(I).
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Fujita
- Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita City, Akita, 010-0195 Japan.
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Self-assembly of amylose-grafted carboxymethyl cellulose. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 90:1371-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 06/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Seo DH, Jung JH, Ha SJ, Cho HK, Jung DH, Kim TJ, Baek NI, Yoo SH, Park CS. High-yield enzymatic bioconversion of hydroquinone to α-arbutin, a powerful skin lightening agent, by amylosucrase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 94:1189-97. [PMID: 22314516 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-3905-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
α-Arbutin (α-Ab) is a powerful skin whitening agent that blocks epidermal melanin biosynthesis by inhibiting the enzymatic oxidation of tyrosine and L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA). α-Ab was effectively synthesized from hydroquinone (HQ) by enzymatic biotransformation using amylosucrase (ASase). The ASase gene from Deinococcus geothermalis (DGAS) was expressed and efficiently purified from Escherichia coli using a constitutive expression system. The expressed DGAS was functional and performed a glycosyltransferase reaction using sucrose as a donor and HQ as an acceptor. The presence of a single HQ bioconversion product was confirmed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HQ bioconversion product was isolated by silica gel open column chromatography and its chemical structure determined by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The product was determined to be hydroquinone-O-α-D-glucopyranoside with a glucose molecule linked to HQ through an α-glycosidic bond. However, the production yield of the transfer reaction was significantly low (1.3%) due to the instability of HQ in the reaction mixture. The instability of HQ was considerably improved by antioxidant agents, particularly ascorbic acid, implying that HQ is labile to oxidation. A maximum yield of HQ transfer product of 90% was obtained at a 10:1 molar ratio of donor (sucrose) and acceptor (HQ) molecules in the presence of 0.2 mM ascorbic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ho Seo
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Institute of Life Science and Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
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Synthesis of Amylose-Grafted Polysaccharide Materials by Phosphorylase-Catalyzed Enzymatic Polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2012-1105.ch015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichi Kadokawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
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D'Hulst C, Mérida A. The priming of storage glucan synthesis from bacteria to plants: current knowledge and new developments. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2010; 188:13-21. [PMID: 20618917 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03361.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Starch is the main polymer in which carbon and energy are stored in land plants, algae and some cyanobacteria. It plays a crucial role in the physiology of these organisms and also represents an important polymer for humans, in terms of both diet and nonfood industry uses. Recent efforts have elucidated most of the steps involved in the synthesis of starch. However, the process that initiates the synthesis of the starch granule remains unclear. Here, we outline the similarities between the synthesis of starch and the synthesis of glycogen, the other widespread and abundant glucose-based polymer in living cells. We place special emphasis on the mechanisms of initiation of the glycogen granule and current knowledge concerning the initiation of the starch granule. We also discuss recent discoveries regarding the function of starch synthases in the priming of the starch granule and possible interactions with other elements of the starch synthesis machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe D'Hulst
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR8576 CNRS/USTL, IFR 147, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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Transglucosidases as efficient tools for oligosaccharide and glucoconjugate synthesis. Curr Opin Microbiol 2010; 13:293-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2010.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kaneko Y, Fujisaki K, Kyutoku T, Furukawa H, Kadokawa JI. Preparation of Enzymatically Recyclable Hydrogels Through the Formation of Inclusion Complexes of Amylose in a Vine-Twining Polymerization. Chem Asian J 2010; 5:1627-33. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201000012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Kobayashi S, Makino A. Enzymatic polymer synthesis: an opportunity for green polymer chemistry. Chem Rev 2010; 109:5288-353. [PMID: 19824647 DOI: 10.1021/cr900165z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Kobayashi
- R & D Center for Bio-based Materials, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
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André I, Potocki-Véronèse G, Morel S, Monsan P, Remaud-Siméon M. Sucrose-Utilizing Transglucosidases for Biocatalysis. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2010; 294:25-48. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2010_52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Sun ZC, Wei Z, Wei KM. Preparation of aldehyde-, amino-, and hydrazide-functionalized polymer particles for direct immobilization of the sugars. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.30887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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48
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Izawa H, Nawaji M, Kaneko Y, Kadokawa JI. Preparation of Glycogen-Based Polysaccharide Materials by Phosphorylase-Catalyzed Chain Elongation of Glycogen. Macromol Biosci 2009; 9:1098-104. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200900106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Highly selective biotransformation of arbutin to arbutin-α-glucoside using amylosucrase from Deinococcus geothermalis DSM 11300. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2009.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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50
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Jung JH, Seo DH, Ha SJ, Song MC, Cha J, Yoo SH, Kim TJ, Baek NI, Baik MY, Park CS. Enzymatic synthesis of salicin glycosides through transglycosylation catalyzed by amylosucrases from Deinococcus geothermalis and Neisseria polysaccharea. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:1612-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2009] [Revised: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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