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Yuan H, Guo C, Liu L, Zhao L, Zhang Y, Yin T, He H, Gou J, Pan B, Tang X. Progress and prospects of polysaccharide-based nanocarriers for oral delivery of proteins/peptides. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 312:120838. [PMID: 37059563 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The oral route has long been recognized as the most preferred route for drug delivery as it offers high patient compliance and requires minimal expertise. Unlike small molecule drugs, the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract and low permeability across the intestinal epithelium make oral delivery extremely ineffective for macromolecules. Accordingly, delivery systems that are rationally constructed with suitable materials to overcome barriers to oral delivery are exceptionally promising. Among the most ideal materials are polysaccharides. Depending on the interaction between polysaccharides and proteins, the thermodynamic loading and release of proteins in the aqueous phase can be realized. Specific polysaccharides (dextran, chitosan, alginate, cellulose, etc.) endow systems with functional properties, including muco-adhesiveness, pH-responsiveness, and prevention of enzymatic degradation. Furthermore, multiple groups in polysaccharides can be modified, which gives them a variety of properties and enables them to suit specific needs. This review provides an overview of different types of polysaccharide-based nanocarriers based on different kinds of interaction forces and the influencing factors in the construction of polysaccharide-based nanocarriers. Strategies of polysaccharide-based nanocarriers to improve the bioavailability of orally administered proteins/peptides were described. Additionally, current restrictions and future trends of polysaccharide-based nanocarriers for oral delivery of proteins/peptides were also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chen Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Linxuan Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tian Yin
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Haibing He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jingxin Gou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bochen Pan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China.
| | - Xing Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Bakhshandeh H, Atyabi F, Soleimani M, Taherzadeh ES, Shahhoseini S, Cohan RA. Biocompatibility improvement of artificial cornea using chitosan-dextran nanoparticles containing bioactive macromolecules obtained from human amniotic membrane. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 169:492-499. [PMID: 33358948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Corneal transplantation, by which the damaged cornea is replaced by a new one, suffers from limited access to HLA-compatible-donors and high maintenance and surgical costs. Therefore, artificial corneas are considered as alternative tools with promising prospects. In our previous study, a two-part-polymeric artificial cornea was composed of enhanced hydrophilic surface electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) nanofibrous scaffold that is thermally connected to a polyvinyl alcohol-based hydrogel disk was prepared. Characterization tests revealed the prepared artificial cornea had similar biocompatible and structural characteristics regarding the natural cornea. In current study, human amniotic membrane extract containing growth factors, cytokines, anti-inflammatory factors, and anti-angiogenic factors was prepared, nano-encapsulated in chitosan-dextran nanoparticles, and physically decorated on the poly(ε-caprolactone)-polyvinyl-alcohol artificial cornea. Physicochemical and biological characterizations revealed the nano-decorated artificial cornea has more biocompatibility than the unmodified one. Our study demonstrated the bioactive macromolecules loaded on chitosan-dextran nanoparticles enhanced the anti-angiogenic property of artificial cornea through the sustained release of anti-angiogenic factors such as thrombospondin-1, endostatin, and heparin sulfate proteoglycan. Real-time-PCR and flow-cytometry assessments elucidated the vascularization was inhibited through a decrease in the expression of cluster of differentiation 31 and von-Willebrand-Factor. Our study proposed the use of biocompatible artificial cornea could be a promising strategy in corneal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleh Bakhshandeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nanobiotechnology Department, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Sadat Taherzadeh
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Reza Ahangari Cohan
- Nanobiotechnology Department, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Lteif S, Abou Shaheen S, Schlenoff JB. The Thiouronium Group for Ultrastrong Pairing Interactions between Polyelectrolytes. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:10832-10840. [PMID: 33174752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c07456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Various charged groups may be used as a repeat unit in polyelectrolytes to provide physical interactions between oppositely charged polymers leading to phase separation. The materials formed thus are termed polyelectrolyte complexes or coacervates (PECs). The strength of pairing between positive, Pol+, and negative, Pol-, repeat units depends on the specific identity of the monomer repeat unit. In this work, the pairing strength of the thiouronium group, a cation closely related to guanidinium, is evaluated using a polythiouronium polyelectrolyte. Polymers containing guanidinium, notably polyarginine, a peptide, are known for their unusual behavior, such as the formation of like-charge ion pairs and hydrogen bonding. It is shown here that some of this behavior is carried over to polythiouroniums, which results in exceptionally strong interactions with polyanions such as polysulfonates and polycarboxylates. The resilience of the polythiouronium/Pol- interaction was evaluated using the buildup of polyelectrolyte multilayers at various salt concentrations and by breaking up preformed PECs with high concentrations of added salt. The thiouronium group even interacts strongly enough with polymeric zwitterions to enable complexation with this nominally weakly interacting, net-neutral polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Lteif
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Samir Abou Shaheen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Joseph B Schlenoff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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Sladek S, McCartney F, Eskander M, Dunne DJ, Santos-Martinez MJ, Benetti F, Tajber L, Brayden DJ. An Enteric-Coated Polyelectrolyte Nanocomplex Delivers Insulin in Rat Intestinal Instillations when Combined with a Permeation Enhancer. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12030259. [PMID: 32178442 PMCID: PMC7151133 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of nanocarriers is being researched to achieve oral peptide delivery. Insulin-associated anionic polyelectrolyte nanoparticle complexes (PECs) were formed that comprised hyaluronic acid and chitosan in an optimum mass mixing ratio of 5:1 (MR 5), followed by coating with a pH-dependent polymer. Free insulin was separated from PECs by size exclusion chromatography and then measured by HPLC. The association efficiency of insulin in PECs was >95% and the loading was ~83 µg/mg particles. Dynamic light scattering and nanoparticle tracking analysis of PECs revealed low polydispersity, a negative zeta potential range of −40 to −50 mV, and a diameter range of 95–200 nm. Dissolution studies in simulated small intestinal fluid (FaSSIF-V2) revealed that the PECs were colloidally stable. PECs that were coated with Eudragit® L-100 delayed insulin release in FaSSIF-V2 and protected insulin against pancreatin attack more than uncoated PECs. Uncoated anionic PECs interacted weakly with mucin in vitro and were non-cytotoxic to Caco-2 cells. The coated and uncoated PECs, both concentrated further by ultrafiltration, permitted dosing of 50 IU/kg in rat jejunal instillations, but they failed to reduce plasma glucose or deliver insulin to the blood. When ad-mixed with the permeation enhancer (PE), sucrose laurate (100 mM), the physicochemical parameters of coated PECs were relatively unchanged, however blood glucose was reduced by 70%. In conclusion, the use of a PE allowed for the PEC-released bioactive insulin to permeate the jejunum. This has implications for the design of orally delivered particles that can release the payload when formulated with enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Sladek
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; (S.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Fiona McCartney
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; (S.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Mena Eskander
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; (M.E.); (D.J.D.); (M.J.S.-M.); (L.T.)
| | - David J. Dunne
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; (M.E.); (D.J.D.); (M.J.S.-M.); (L.T.)
| | - Maria Jose Santos-Martinez
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; (M.E.); (D.J.D.); (M.J.S.-M.); (L.T.)
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Federico Benetti
- ECSIN Laboratory–Ecamricert Srl, Corso Stati Uniti 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy;
| | - Lidia Tajber
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; (M.E.); (D.J.D.); (M.J.S.-M.); (L.T.)
| | - David J. Brayden
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; (S.S.); (F.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-1716-6013
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Liu J, Fu Y, Xiao C. Formation of multilayer through layer-by-layer assembly of starch-based polyanion with divalent metal ion. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 203:409-414. [PMID: 30318229 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly between metal ion and starch-based anion driven by electrostatic interaction was investigated. Multilayer films were obtained from starch-based derivative containing carboxyl groups (SC) with copper or lead ions. It was found that the concentration of metal ion in aqueous solution decreased with increasing the layers. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy exhibited the content of Cu(II) was higher when the surface was copper-ion-layer than that composed of SC. The surface of the film was smooth and no obvious fault plane was observed on its cross-section, which also indicated that the LbL assembly between starch-based polyanion and metal ion was carried out. Sodium alginate was adopted as another polyanion to conduct the LbL assembly. Part of metal ion was replaced with rhodamine B to fabricate composite multilayer. During such an assembly, the concentration of copper ion in aqueous solution decreased with increasing the layers as well. These phenomena suggested that the LbL assembly between polysaccharide-based polyanion and metal ion was feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- College of Material Science and Engineering of Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362021, China
| | - Yinghao Fu
- College of Material Science and Engineering of Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362021, China
| | - Congming Xiao
- College of Material Science and Engineering of Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362021, China.
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Zeng K, Groth T, Zhang K. Recent Advances in Artificially Sulfated Polysaccharides for Applications in Cell Growth and Differentiation, Drug Delivery, and Tissue Engineering. Chembiochem 2018; 20:737-746. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kui Zeng
- Wood Technology and Wood ChemistryGeorg-August-University of Goettingen Büsgenweg 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Thomas Groth
- Biomedical Materials GroupMartin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Heinrich-Damerow-Strasse 4 06120 Halle/Saale Germany
| | - Kai Zhang
- Wood Technology and Wood ChemistryGeorg-August-University of Goettingen Büsgenweg 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
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Nanoparticulation of bovine serum albumin and poly-d-lysine through complex coacervation and encapsulation of curcumin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 159:759-769. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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8
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Mihai M, Racovita S, Vasiliu AL, Doroftei F, Barbu-Mic C, Schwarz S, Steinbach C, Simon F. Autotemplate Microcapsules of CaCO 3/Pectin and Nonstoichiometric Complexes as Sustained Tetracycline Hydrochloride Delivery Carriers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:37264-37278. [PMID: 28972729 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b09333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
New types of composites were obtained by an autotemplate method for assembling hollow CaCO3 capsules by using pH-sensitive polymers. Five pectin samples, which differ in the methylation degree and/or amide content, and some nonstoichiometric polyelectrolyte complex dispersions, prepared with the pectin samples and poly(allylamine hydrochloride), were used to control the crystal growth. The morphology of the composites was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, and the polymorphs characteristics were investigated by FTIR spectroscopy. The presence of the polymer in the composite particles was evidenced by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, particle charge density, and zeta-potential. The new CaCO3/pectin hollow capsules were tested as a possible matrix for a tetracycline hydrochloride carrier. The kinetics of the drug release mechanism was followed using Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas mathematical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Mihai
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of Romanian Academy , 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Stefania Racovita
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of Romanian Academy , 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ana-Lavinia Vasiliu
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of Romanian Academy , 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Florica Doroftei
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of Romanian Academy , 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristian Barbu-Mic
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of Romanian Academy , 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Simona Schwarz
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christine Steinbach
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Simon
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
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9
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Bourganis V, Karamanidou T, Samaridou E, Karidi K, Kammona O, Kiparissides C. On the synthesis of mucus permeating nanocarriers. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 97:239-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zhang Q, Lin D, Yao S. Review on biomedical and bioengineering applications of cellulose sulfate. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 132:311-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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11
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Versatile particles from water-soluble chitosan and sodium alginate for loading toxic or bioactive substance. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 79:498-503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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12
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Sakloetsakun D, Preechagoon D, Bernkop-Schnürch A, Pongjanyakul T. Chitosan–gum arabic polyelectrolyte complex films: physicochemical, mechanical and mucoadhesive properties. Pharm Dev Technol 2015; 21:590-9. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2015.1035727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duangkamon Sakloetsakun
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand and
| | - Detpon Preechagoon
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand and
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thaned Pongjanyakul
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand and
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Kalinov K, Ignatova M, Manolova N, Rashkov I, Markova N, Momekova D. N,N,N-trimethylchitosan iodide complexes with a weak or a strong polyacid and nanoparticles thereof. Colloid Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-014-3325-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Xiao C, Sun F. Fabrication of distilled water-soluble chitosan/alginate functional multilayer composite microspheres. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 98:1366-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Meng L, Ji B, Huang W, Wang D, Tong G, Su Y, Zhu X, Yan D. Preparation of Pixantrone/Poly(γ-glutamic acid) Nanoparticles through Complex Self-Assembly for Oral Chemotherapy. Macromol Biosci 2012; 12:1524-33. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201200137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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16
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Xiao C, Xia C, Ma Y, He X. Preparation and characterization of dual sensitive carboxylated methyl cellulose/poly(vinyl alcohol) physical composite hydrogel. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Akagi T, Watanabe K, Kim H, Akashi M. Stabilization of polyion complex nanoparticles composed of poly(amino acid) using hydrophobic interactions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:2406-13. [PMID: 20017513 DOI: 10.1021/la902868g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We report the design and preparation of polyion complex (PIC) nanoparticles composed of anionic hydrophobically modified and cationic poly(amino acid) and the effect of hydrophobic interactions on the stability of these PIC nanoparticles under physiological conditions. We selected poly(gamma-glutamic acid) (gamma-PGA) as the biodegradable anionic polymer and poly(epsilon-lysine) (epsilon-PL) as the cationic polymer. Amphiphilic graft copolymers consisting of gamma-PGA and L-phenylalanine (L-Phe) as the hydrophobic side chain were synthesized by grafting L-Phe to gamma-PGA. The PIC nanoparticles were prepared by mixing gamma-PGA-graft-L-Phe (gamma-PGA-Phe) with epsilon-PL in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The formation and stability of the PIC nanoparticles were investigated by dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. Monomodal anionic PIC nanoparticles were obtained using nonstoichiometric mixing ratios. When unmodified gamma-PGA was mixed with epsilon-PL in PBS, the formation of PIC nanoparticles was observed. However, within a few hours after the preparation, the PIC nanoparticles dissolved in the PBS. In contrast, gamma-PGA-Phe/epsilon-PL nanoparticles showed high stability for a prolonged period of time in PBS and over a wide range of pH values. The stability and size of the PIC nanoparticles depended on the gamma-PGA-Phe/epsilon-PL mixing ratio and the hydrophobicity of the gamma-PGA. The improved stability of the PIC nanoparticles was attributed to the formation of hydrophobic domains in the core of the nanoparticles. The fabrication of PIC nanoparticles using hydrophobic interactions was very useful for the stabilization of the nanoparticles. These results will provide a novel concept in the design of carrier systems composed of PIC. It is expected that the gamma-PGA-Phe/epsilon-PL nanoparticles will have great potential as multifunctional carriers for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications, such as drug and vaccine delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takami Akagi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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Nune SK, Gunda P, Thallapally PK, Lin YY, Forrest ML, Berkland CJ. Nanoparticles for biomedical imaging. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 6:1175-94. [PMID: 19743894 PMCID: PMC3097035 DOI: 10.1517/17425240903229031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synthetic nanoparticles are emerging as versatile tools in biomedical applications, particularly in the area of biomedical imaging. Nanoparticles 1 - 100 nm in diameter have dimensions comparable to biological functional units. Diverse surface chemistries, unique magnetic properties, tunable absorption and emission properties, and recent advances in the synthesis and engineering of various nanoparticles suggest their potential as probes for early detection of diseases such as cancer. Surface functionalization has expanded further the potential of nanoparticles as probes for molecular imaging. OBJECTIVE To summarize emerging research of nanoparticles for biomedical imaging with increased selectivity and reduced nonspecific uptake with increased spatial resolution containing stabilizers conjugated with targeting ligands. METHODS This review summarizes recent technological advances in the synthesis of various nanoparticle probes, and surveys methods to improve the targeting of nanoparticles for their application in biomedical imaging. CONCLUSION Structural design of nanomaterials for biomedical imaging continues to expand and diversify. Synthetic methods have aimed to control the size and surface characteristics of nanoparticles to control distribution, half-life and elimination. Although molecular imaging applications using nanoparticles are advancing into clinical applications, challenges such as storage stability and long-term toxicology should continue to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish K Nune
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, PO Box 999, MSIN K6-81, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
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Dragan ES, Mihai M, Schwarz S. Complex nanoparticles based on chitosan and ionic/nonionic strong polyanions: formation, stability, and application. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2009; 1:1231-1240. [PMID: 20355918 DOI: 10.1021/am900109u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Interpolyelectrolyte complex (IPEC) nanoparticles formed between chitosan having different molar masses (470, 670, and 780 kDa) and two random copolymers of 2-(acrylamido)-2-methylpropanesulfonate (AMPS) with tert-butylacrylamide (TBA) [P(AMPS(54)-co-TBA(46)) and P(AMPS(37)-co-TBA(63))] were prepared by the dropwise addition of polyanion onto the chitosan solution. The effect of polyelectrolyte characteristics and the molar ratio between charges on the morphology of the complex nanoparticles and on their colloidal stability was deeply investigated by turbidimetric titration (optical density at 500 nm), dynamic light scattering, and atomic force microscopy. It was found that the lowest sizes of the IPEC nanoparticles were obtained, with both polyanions, when the chitosan having the lowest molar mass (470 kDa) was used as a major component. In this case, the particle sizes varied in a narrow range, even after the complex stoichiometry; i.e., when the polyanion was added in excess, the colloidal stability of these IPEC dispersions was very high. A mechanism of complex formation as a function of the ratio between charges was proposed. According to this mechanism, the nonstoichiometric complex nanoparticles formed at molar ratios between charges, n(-)/n+, lower than 0.2, i.e., far from the complex stoichiometry, would have a high density of positive charges in excess not only because of the chitosan in excess, which forms the shell, but also because of the mismatch of opposite charges, due to both the differences in the flexibility of complementary polyions and the presence of the hydrophobic comonomer, TBA, in the polyanion structure. Nonstoichiometric IPECs prepared at n(-)/n+ around 0.2 proved to be more efficient than chitosan in the destabilization of kaolin from a model suspension, with a lower optimum concentration flocculation and a much larger flocculation window being found compared with chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ecaterina Stela Dragan
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda 41 A, RO-700487 Iasi, Romania.
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Xiao C, Fang F. Ionic self-assembly and characterization of a polysaccharide-based polyelectrolyte complex of maleic starch half-ester acid with chitosan. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Mincheva R, Bougard F, Paneva D, Vachaudez M, Fustin CA, Gohy JF, Manolova N, Rashkov I, Dubois P. Polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles fromN-carboxyethylchitosan and polycationic double hydrophilic diblock copolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Mincheva R, Bougard F, Paneva D, Vachaudez M, Manolova N, Rashkov I, Dubois P. Natural Polyampholyte-Based Core−Shell Nanoparticles with N-Carboxyethylchitosan-Containing Core and Poly(ethylene oxide) Shell. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:838-44. [DOI: 10.1021/bm8013186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosica Mincheva
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials, University of Mons-Hainaut, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium, and Laboratory of Bioactive Polymers, Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., bl. 103A, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - François Bougard
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials, University of Mons-Hainaut, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium, and Laboratory of Bioactive Polymers, Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., bl. 103A, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dilyana Paneva
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials, University of Mons-Hainaut, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium, and Laboratory of Bioactive Polymers, Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., bl. 103A, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Magali Vachaudez
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials, University of Mons-Hainaut, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium, and Laboratory of Bioactive Polymers, Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., bl. 103A, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nevena Manolova
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials, University of Mons-Hainaut, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium, and Laboratory of Bioactive Polymers, Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., bl. 103A, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Iliya Rashkov
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials, University of Mons-Hainaut, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium, and Laboratory of Bioactive Polymers, Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., bl. 103A, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Philippe Dubois
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials, University of Mons-Hainaut, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium, and Laboratory of Bioactive Polymers, Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., bl. 103A, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Mincheva R, Bougard F, Paneva D, Vachaudez M, Manolova N, Dubois P, Rashkov I. Self-assembly ofN-carboxyethylchitosan near the isoelectric point. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
This article provides an overview of principles and barriers relevant to intracellular drug and gene transport, accumulation and retention (collectively called as drug delivery) by means of nanovehicles (NV). The aim is to deliver a cargo to a particular intracellular site, if possible, to exert a local action. Some of the principles discussed in this article apply to noncolloidal drugs that are not permeable to the plasma membrane or to the blood-brain barrier. NV are defined as a wide range of nanosized particles leading to colloidal objects which are capable of entering cells and tissues and delivering a cargo intracelullarly. Different localization and targeting means are discussed. Limited discussion on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics is also presented. NVs are contrasted to micro-delivery and current nanotechnologies which are already in commercial use. Newer developments in NV technologies are outlined and future applications are stressed. We also briefly review the existing modeling tools and approaches to quantitatively describe the behavior of targeted NV within the vascular and tumor compartments, an area of particular importance. While we list "elementary" phenomena related to different level of complexity of delivery to cancer, we also stress importance of multi-scale modeling and bottom-up systems biology approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ales Prokop
- Department of Chemical Engineering, 24th Avenue & Garland Avenues, 107 Olin Hall, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA.
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Luo K, Yin J, Song Z, Cui L, Cao B, Chen X. Biodegradable Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes Based on Methoxy Poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(α,l-glutamic acid) and Chitosan. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:2653-61. [DOI: 10.1021/bm800767f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Luo
- Department of polymer materials, Shanghai University, 20 Chengzhong Street, Jiading, Shanghai, China, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, 20 QinZhou Street, China, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, China
| | - Jingbo Yin
- Department of polymer materials, Shanghai University, 20 Chengzhong Street, Jiading, Shanghai, China, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, 20 QinZhou Street, China, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, China
| | - Zhijiang Song
- Department of polymer materials, Shanghai University, 20 Chengzhong Street, Jiading, Shanghai, China, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, 20 QinZhou Street, China, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Cui
- Department of polymer materials, Shanghai University, 20 Chengzhong Street, Jiading, Shanghai, China, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, 20 QinZhou Street, China, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Cao
- Department of polymer materials, Shanghai University, 20 Chengzhong Street, Jiading, Shanghai, China, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, 20 QinZhou Street, China, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Department of polymer materials, Shanghai University, 20 Chengzhong Street, Jiading, Shanghai, China, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, 20 QinZhou Street, China, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, China
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26
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Hartig SM, Greene RR, Dikov MM, Prokop A, Davidson JM. Multifunctional Nanoparticulate Polyelectrolyte Complexes. Pharm Res 2007; 24:2353-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-007-9459-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2007] [Accepted: 09/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sarmento B, Ribeiro A, Veiga F, Ferreira D, Neufeld R. Oral bioavailability of insulin contained in polysaccharide nanoparticles. Biomacromolecules 2007; 8:3054-60. [PMID: 17877397 DOI: 10.1021/bm0703923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacological activity of insulin-loaded dextran sulfate/chitosan nanoparticles was evaluated following oral dosage in diabetic rats. Nanoparticles were mucoadhesive and negatively charged with a mean size of 500 nm, suitable for uptake within the gastrointestinal tract. Insulin association efficiency was over 70% and was released in a pH-dependent manner under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Orally delivered nanoparticles lowered basal serum glucose levels in diabetic rats around 35% with 50 and 100 IU/kg doses sustaining hypoglycemia over 24 h. Pharmacological availability was 5.6 and 3.4% for the 50 and 100 IU/kg doses, respectively, a significant increase over 1.6%, determined for oral insulin alone in solution. Confocal microscopic examinations of FITC-labeled insulin nanoparticles showed adhesion to rat intestinal epithelium, and internalization of insulin within the intestinal mucosa. Encapsulation of insulin into dextran sulfate/chitosan nanoparticles was a key factor in the improvement of the bioavailability of its oral delivery over insulin solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Sarmento
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, 4050-047, Porto, Portugal.
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Mihai M, Dragan ES, Schwarz S, Janke A. Dependency of Particle Sizes and Colloidal Stability of Polyelectrolyte Complex Dispersions on Polyanion Structure and Preparation Mode Investigated by Dynamic Light Scattering and Atomic Force Microscopy. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:8668-75. [PMID: 17555345 DOI: 10.1021/jp071655q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) dispersions were prepared by controlled mixing of three random copolymers of sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate (AMPS) with either t-butyl acrylamide (TBA) [P(AMPS54-co-TBA46) and P(AMPS37-co-TBA63)] or methyl methacrylate (MM) [P(AMPS52-co-MM48)] with an ionene-type polycation, containing 95 mol % N,N-dimethyl-2-hydroxypropyleneammonium chloride repeat units (PCA5), with their structural characteristics being deeply investigated by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Shape, size, and polydispersity of the PEC dispersions were directly observed by AFM as a function of polyanion structure, the ratio between charges, n-/n+, and the titrant addition rate (TAR). The particle sizes increased and the colloidal stability decreased with the increase of the nonionic comonomer content and with the decrease of TAR. It was demonstrated that the medium particle sizes of the complex nanoparticles adsorbed on silicon wafers measured by AFM, in the dry state, were close but always lower than those measured by DLS, both before and after the complex stoichiometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Mihai
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda 41 A, RO-700487 Iasi, Romania
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