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Kim Y, Mueller NN, Schwartzman WE, Sarno D, Wynder R, Hoeferlin GF, Gisser K, Capadona JR, Hess-Dunning A. Fabrication Methods and Chronic In Vivo Validation of Mechanically Adaptive Microfluidic Intracortical Devices. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1015. [PMID: 37241639 PMCID: PMC10223487 DOI: 10.3390/mi14051015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Intracortical neural probes are both a powerful tool in basic neuroscience studies of brain function and a critical component of brain computer interfaces (BCIs) designed to restore function to paralyzed patients. Intracortical neural probes can be used both to detect neural activity at single unit resolution and to stimulate small populations of neurons with high resolution. Unfortunately, intracortical neural probes tend to fail at chronic timepoints in large part due to the neuroinflammatory response that follows implantation and persistent dwelling in the cortex. Many promising approaches are under development to circumvent the inflammatory response, including the development of less inflammatory materials/device designs and the delivery of antioxidant or anti-inflammatory therapies. Here, we report on our recent efforts to integrate the neuroprotective effects of both a dynamically softening polymer substrate designed to minimize tissue strain and localized drug delivery at the intracortical neural probe/tissue interface through the incorporation of microfluidic channels within the probe. The fabrication process and device design were both optimized with respect to the resulting device mechanical properties, stability, and microfluidic functionality. The optimized devices were successfully able to deliver an antioxidant solution throughout a six-week in vivo rat study. Histological data indicated that a multi-outlet design was most effective at reducing markers of inflammation. The ability to reduce inflammation through a combined approach of drug delivery and soft materials as a platform technology allows future studies to explore additional therapeutics to further enhance intracortical neural probes performance and longevity for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Natalie N Mueller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - William E Schwartzman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Danielle Sarno
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Reagan Wynder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - George F Hoeferlin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Kaela Gisser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Capadona
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Allison Hess-Dunning
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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2
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De France K, Zeng Z, Wu T, Nyström G. Functional Materials from Nanocellulose: Utilizing Structure-Property Relationships in Bottom-Up Fabrication. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2000657. [PMID: 32267033 PMCID: PMC11468739 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
It is inherently challenging to recapitulate the precise hierarchical architectures found throughout nature (such as in wood, antler, bone, and silk) using synthetic bottom-up fabrication strategies. However, as a renewable and naturally sourced nanoscale building block, nanocellulose-both cellulose nanocrystals and cellulose nanofibrils-has gained significant research interest within this area. Altogether, the intrinsic shape anisotropy, surface charge/chemistry, and mechanical/rheological properties are some of the critical material properties leading to advanced structure-based functionality within nanocellulose-based bottom-up fabricated materials. Herein, the organization of nanocellulose into biomimetic-aligned, porous, and fibrous materials through a variety of fabrication techniques is presented. Moreover, sophisticated material structuring arising from both the alignment of nanocellulose and via specific process-induced methods is covered. In particular, design rules based on the underlying fundamental properties of nanocellulose are established and discussed as related to their influence on material assembly and resulting structure/function. Finally, key advancements and critical challenges within the field are highlighted, paving the way for the fabrication of truly advanced materials from nanocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin De France
- Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood MaterialsSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa)Überlandstrasse 129Dübendorf8600Switzerland
| | - Zhihui Zeng
- Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood MaterialsSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa)Überlandstrasse 129Dübendorf8600Switzerland
| | - Tingting Wu
- Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood MaterialsSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa)Überlandstrasse 129Dübendorf8600Switzerland
| | - Gustav Nyström
- Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood MaterialsSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa)Überlandstrasse 129Dübendorf8600Switzerland
- Department of Health Science and TechnologyETH ZürichSchmelzbergstrasse 9Zürich8092Switzerland
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3
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One-pot synthesis of aminated cellulose nanofibers by "biological grinding" for enhanced thermal conductivity nanocomposites. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 254:117310. [PMID: 33357874 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aminated cellulose nanofibers (A-CNF) with high thermostability (>350 ℃), high crystallinity (81.25 %), and high dispersion stability were extracted from "biological grinding" biomass through one-pot microwave-hydrothermal synthesis. Worm-eaten wood powder (WWP) as the product of "biological grinding" by borers is a desirable lignocellulose for fabricating A-CNF in a green and cost-effective way since it is a well-milled fine powder with dimension of dozens of microns, which can be used directly, saving energy and labor. Generated A-CNF proved to be an excellent reinforcing and curing agent for constructing high performance epoxy nanocomposites. The nanocomposites exhibited a thermal conductivity enhancement of about 120 %, coefficient of thermal expansion reduction of 78 %, and Young's modulus increase of 108 % at a low A-CNF loading of 1 wt.%, demonstrating their remarkable reinforcing potential and effective stress transfer behavior. The process proposed herein might help to bridge a closed-loop carbon cycle in the whole production-utilization of biomass.
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4
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Zheng T, Pilla S. Melt Processing of Cellulose Nanocrystal-Filled Composites: Toward Reinforcement and Foam Nucleation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zheng
- Department of Automotive Engineering, Clemson University, 4 Research Drive, Greenville, South Carolina 29607, United States
- Clemson Composites Center, Clemson University, Greenville, South Carolina 29607, United States
| | - Srikanth Pilla
- Department of Automotive Engineering, Clemson University, 4 Research Drive, Greenville, South Carolina 29607, United States
- Clemson Composites Center, Clemson University, Greenville, South Carolina 29607, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29602, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29602, United States
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5
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Monney B, Dibble AG, Moatsou D, Weder C. Highly Cross-Linked, Physiologically Responsive, Mechanically Adaptive Polymer Networks Made by Photopolymerization. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:3090-3097. [PMID: 32095732 PMCID: PMC7034001 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mechanically adaptive materials that soften upon exposure to physiological conditions are useful for biomedical applications, notably as substrates for implantable neural electrodes. So far, device fabrication efforts have largely relied on shaping such devices by laser cutting, but this process makes it difficult to produce complex electrode architectures and leads to ill-defined surface chemistries. Here, we report mechanically adaptive, physiologically responsive polymers that can be photopolymerized and thus patterned via soft lithography and photolithography. The adaptive polymer networks produced exhibit, in optimized compositions, a ca. 500-fold decrease of their storage modulus when exposed to simulated physiological conditions, for example, from 2.5 GPa to 5 MPa. This effect is caused by modest swelling (30% w/w), which in turn leads to plasticization so that the polymer network's glass transition temperature is reduced from 145 to 25 °C. The polymer networks can further be rendered pH-responsive by the incorporation of methacrylic acid. The dual stimuli-responsive materials thus made show promise as coatings or substrates for drug delivery devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dafni Moatsou
- E-mail: . Current address: Karlsruher Institut
für Technologie, Institut
für Organische Chemie, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe,
Germany (D.M.)
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6
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Chipara D, Kuncser V, Lozano K, Alcoutlabi M, Ibrahim E, Chipara M. Spectroscopic investigations on PVDF‐Fe
2
O
3
nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Chipara
- Department of Physics and Astronomy The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley Edinburg Texas
| | - Victor Kuncser
- Laboratory of Magnetism and Superconductivity, National Institute of Materials Physics, Magurele Bucharest Romania
| | - Karen Lozano
- Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley Edinburg Texas
| | - Mataz Alcoutlabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley Edinburg Texas
| | - Elamin Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley Edinburg Texas
| | - Mircea Chipara
- Department of Physics and Astronomy The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley Edinburg Texas
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7
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Redondo A, Chatterjee S, Brodard P, Korley LTJ, Weder C, Gunkel I, Steiner U. Melt-Spun Nanocomposite Fibers Reinforced with Aligned Tunicate Nanocrystals. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1912. [PMID: 31757006 PMCID: PMC6960881 DOI: 10.3390/polym11121912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The fabrication of nanocomposite films and fibers based on cellulose nanocrystals (P-tCNCs) and a thermoplastic polyurethane (PU) elastomer is reported. High-aspect-ratio P-tCNCs were isolated from tunicates using phosphoric acid hydrolysis, which is a process that affords nanocrystals displaying high thermal stability. Nanocomposites were produced by solvent casting (films) or melt-mixing in a twin-screw extruder and subsequent melt-spinning (fibers). The processing protocols were found to affect the orientation of both PU hard segments and the P-tCNCs within the PU matrix and therefore the mechanical properties. While the films were isotropic, both the polymer matrix and the P-tCNCs proved to be aligned along the fiber direction in the fibers, as shown using SAXS/WAXS, angle-dependent Raman spectroscopy, and birefringence analysis. Tensile tests reveal that fibers and films, at similar P-tCNC contents, display Young's moduli and strain-at-break that are within the same order of magnitude, but the stress-at-break was found to be ten-times higher for fibers, conferring them a superior toughness over films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Redondo
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (A.R.); (C.W.)
| | - Sourav Chatterjee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; (S.C.); (L.T.J.K.)
| | - Pierre Brodard
- College of Engineering and Architecture of Fribourg, University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, Boulevard de Pérolles 80, CH-1705 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - LaShanda T. J. Korley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; (S.C.); (L.T.J.K.)
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (A.R.); (C.W.)
| | - Ilja Gunkel
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (A.R.); (C.W.)
| | - Ullrich Steiner
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (A.R.); (C.W.)
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8
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Agarwal UP. Analysis of Cellulose and Lignocellulose Materials by Raman Spectroscopy: A Review of the Current Status. Molecules 2019; 24:E1659. [PMID: 31035593 PMCID: PMC6539102 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This review is a summary of the Raman spectroscopy applications made over the last 10 years in the field of cellulose and lignocellulose materials. This paper functions as a status report on the kinds of information that can be generated by applying Raman spectroscopy. The information in the review is taken from the published papers and author's own research-most of which is in print. Although, at the molecular level, focus of the investigations has been on cellulose and lignin, hemicelluloses have also received some attention. The progress over the last decade in applying Raman spectroscopy is a direct consequence of the technical advances in the field of Raman spectroscopy, in particular, the application of new Raman techniques (e.g., Raman imaging and coherent anti-Stokes Raman or CARS), novel ways of spectral analysis, and quantum chemical calculations. On the basis of this analysis, it is clear that Raman spectroscopy continues to play an important role in the field of cellulose and lignocellulose research across a wide range of areas and applications, and thereby provides useful information at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh P Agarwal
- USDA, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI 53726, USA.
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9
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Meesorn W, Zoppe JO, Weder C. Stiffness-Changing of Polymer Nanocomposites with Cellulose Nanocrystals and Polymeric Dispersant. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1800910. [PMID: 30786085 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Bio-inspired, water-responsive, mechanically adaptive nanocomposites are reported based on cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), poly(ethylene oxide-co-epichlorohydrin) (EO-EPI), and a small amount of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), which is added to aid the dispersion of the CNCs. In the dry state, the CNCs form a reinforcing network within the polymer matrix, and the substantial stiffness increase relative to the neat polymer is thought to be the result of hydrogen-bonding interactions between the nanocrystals. Exposure to water, however, causes a large stiffness reduction, due to competitive hydrogen bonding of water molecules and the CNCs. It is shown here that the addition of PVA to the EO-EPI/CNC nanocomposite increases the modulus difference between the dry and the wet state by a factor of up to four compared to the nanocomposites without the PVA. The main reason is that the PVA leads to a substantial increase of the stiffness in the dry state; for example, the storage modulus E ' increased from 2.7 MPa (neat EO-EPI) to 50 MPa upon introduction of 10% CNCs, and to 200 MPa when additionally 5% of PVA was added. By contrast, the incorporation of PVA only led to moderate increases of the equilibrium water swelling and the E ' in the wet state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worarin Meesorn
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Justin O Zoppe
- Omya International AG, Baslerstrasse 42, CH-4665, Oftringen, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
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10
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Quero F, Padilla C, Campos V, Luengo J, Caballero L, Melo F, Li Q, Eichhorn SJ, Enrione J. Stress transfer and matrix-cohesive fracture mechanism in microfibrillated cellulose-gelatin nanocomposite films. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 195:89-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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11
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Fallon JJ, Kolb BQ, Herwig CJ, Foster EJ, Bortner MJ. Mechanically adaptive thermoplastic polyurethane/cellulose nanocrystal composites: Process-driven structure-property relationships. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. J. Fallon
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA
| | - B. Q. Kolb
- Chemical Engineering; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA
| | - C. J. Herwig
- Material Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech; Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA
| | - E. J. Foster
- Material Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech; Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA
| | - M. J. Bortner
- Chemical Engineering; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA
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12
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Quero F, Opazo G, Zhao Y, Feschotte-Parazon A, Fernandez J, Quintro A, Flores M. Top-down Approach to Produce Protein Functionalized and Highly Thermally Stable Cellulose Fibrils. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:3549-3559. [PMID: 30004673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein-functionalized cellulose fibrils, having various amounts of covalently bonded proteins at their surface, were successfully extracted from the tunic of Pyura chilensis tunicates using successive alkaline extractions. Pure cellulose fibrils were also obtained by further bleaching and were used as reference material. Extraction yields of protein-functionalized cellulose fibrils were within the range of 62-76% by weight based on the dry initial tunic powder. Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the preservation of residual protein at the surface of cellulose fibrils, which was then quantified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The protein-functionalized cellulose fibrils were found to have relatively high crystallinity and their cellulose I crystalline structure was preserved upon applying alkaline treatments. The extracted cellulosic materials were found to be constituted of fibrils having a ribbon-like morphology with widths ranging from ∼30 nm up to ∼400 nm. These protein-functionalized cellulose fibrils were found to have outstanding thermal stability with one of them having onset and peak degradation temperatures of ∼350 and 374 °C, respectively. These values were found to be 24 and 41 °C higher than for bleached cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Quero
- Laboratorio de Nanocelulosa y Biomateriales, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Biotecnología y Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas , Universidad de Chile , Beauchef 851 , Santiago , Chile
| | - Genesis Opazo
- Laboratorio de Nanocelulosa y Biomateriales, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Biotecnología y Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas , Universidad de Chile , Beauchef 851 , Santiago , Chile
| | - Yadong Zhao
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH , Royal Institute of Technology , Teknikringen 56-58 , 100 44 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Aymeric Feschotte-Parazon
- Laboratorio de Nanocelulosa y Biomateriales, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Biotecnología y Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas , Universidad de Chile , Beauchef 851 , Santiago , Chile
| | - Jeimy Fernandez
- Laboratorio de Nanocelulosa y Biomateriales, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Biotecnología y Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas , Universidad de Chile , Beauchef 851 , Santiago , Chile
| | - Abraham Quintro
- Laboratorio de Nanocelulosa y Biomateriales, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Biotecnología y Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas , Universidad de Chile , Beauchef 851 , Santiago , Chile
| | - Marcos Flores
- Laboratorio de Superficies y Nanomateriales, Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas , Universidad de Chile , Beauchef 850 , Santiago , Chile
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13
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Foster EJ, Moon RJ, Agarwal UP, Bortner MJ, Bras J, Camarero-Espinosa S, Chan KJ, Clift MJD, Cranston ED, Eichhorn SJ, Fox DM, Hamad WY, Heux L, Jean B, Korey M, Nieh W, Ong KJ, Reid MS, Renneckar S, Roberts R, Shatkin JA, Simonsen J, Stinson-Bagby K, Wanasekara N, Youngblood J. Current characterization methods for cellulose nanomaterials. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:2609-2679. [PMID: 29658545 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00895j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A new family of materials comprised of cellulose, cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs), having properties and functionalities distinct from molecular cellulose and wood pulp, is being developed for applications that were once thought impossible for cellulosic materials. Commercialization, paralleled by research in this field, is fueled by the unique combination of characteristics, such as high on-axis stiffness, sustainability, scalability, and mechanical reinforcement of a wide variety of materials, leading to their utility across a broad spectrum of high-performance material applications. However, with this exponential growth in interest/activity, the development of measurement protocols necessary for consistent, reliable and accurate materials characterization has been outpaced. These protocols, developed in the broader research community, are critical for the advancement in understanding, process optimization, and utilization of CNMs in materials development. This review establishes detailed best practices, methods and techniques for characterizing CNM particle morphology, surface chemistry, surface charge, purity, crystallinity, rheological properties, mechanical properties, and toxicity for two distinct forms of CNMs: cellulose nanocrystals and cellulose nanofibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Johan Foster
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, 445 Old Turner St, 203 Holden Hall, Blacksburg, 24061, VA, USA.
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Chen Y, Wang L, Yin Q, Jia H, Wang D, Li G, Yin B, Ji Q, Xu Z. Water-induced mechanically adaptive behavior of carboxylated acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber reinforced by bacterial cellulose whiskers. POLYM ENG SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Liping Wang
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Qing Yin
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Hongbing Jia
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Dongni Wang
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Geng Li
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Biao Yin
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Qingmin Ji
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Zhaodong Xu
- Key Laboratory of C and PC Structures of Ministry of Education; Southeast University; Nanjing 210096 China
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15
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Espino-Pérez E, Bras J, Almeida G, Plessis C, Belgacem N, Perré P, Domenek S. Designed cellulose nanocrystal surface properties for improving barrier properties in polylactide nanocomposites. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 183:267-277. [PMID: 29352884 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanocomposites are an opportunity to increase the performance of polymer membranes by fine-tuning their morphology. In particular, the understanding of the contribution of the polymer matrix/nanofiller interface to the overall transport properties is key to design membranes with tailored selective and adsorptive properties. In that aim, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC)/polylactide (PLA) nanocomposites were fabricated with chemically designed interfaces, which were ensuring the compatibility between the constituents and impacting the mass transport mechanism. A detailed analysis of the mass transport behaviour of different permeants in CNC/PLA nanocomposites was carried out as a function of their chemical affinity to grafted CNC surfaces. Penetrants (O2 and cyclohexane), which were found to slightly interact with the constituents of the nanocomposites, provided information on the small tortuosity effect of CNC on diffusive mass transport. The mass transport of water (highly interacting with CNC) and anisole (interacting only with designed CNC surfaces) exhibited non-Fickian, Case II behaviour. The water vapour caused significant swelling of the CNC, which created a preferential pathway for mass transport. CNC surface grafting could attenuate this phenomenon and decrease the water transport rate. Anisole, an aromatic organic vapour, became reversibly trapped at the specifically designed CNC/PLA interface, but without any swelling or creation of an accelerated pathway. This caused the decrease of the overall mass transport rate. The latter finding could open a way to the creation of materials with specifically designed barrier properties by designing nanocomposites interfaces with specific interactions towards permeants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etzael Espino-Pérez
- University Grenoble Alpes, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France; UMR Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris Saclay, F-91300 Massy, France
| | - Julien Bras
- University Grenoble Alpes, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Giana Almeida
- UMR Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris Saclay, F-91300 Massy, France
| | - Cédric Plessis
- UMR Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris Saclay, F-91300 Massy, France
| | - Naceur Belgacem
- University Grenoble Alpes, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Patrick Perré
- LGPM, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, 8-10 rue Joliot-Curie, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette
| | - Sandra Domenek
- UMR Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris Saclay, F-91300 Massy, France.
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Cudjoe E, Younesi M, Cudjoe E, Akkus O, Rowan SJ. Synthesis and Fabrication of Nanocomposite Fibers of Collagen-Cellulose Nanocrystals by Coelectrocompaction. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:1259-1267. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Cudjoe
- Department of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Mousa Younesi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace
Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Edward Cudjoe
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace
Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Ozan Akkus
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace
Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Stuart J. Rowan
- Department of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Institute for Molecular Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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17
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18
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Sapkota J, Shirole A, Foster EJ, Martinez Garcia JC, Lattuada M, Weder C. Polymer nanocomposites with nanorods having different length distributions. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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19
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Miscanthus Giganteus: A commercially viable sustainable source of cellulose nanocrystals. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 155:230-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Abraham E, Kam D, Nevo Y, Slattegard R, Rivkin A, Lapidot S, Shoseyov O. Highly Modified Cellulose Nanocrystals and Formation of Epoxy-Nanocrystalline Cellulose (CNC) Nanocomposites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:28086-28095. [PMID: 27704756 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This work presents an environmentally friendly, iodine-catalyzed chemical modification method to generate highly hydrophobic, optically active nanocrystalline cellulose (CNC). The high degree of ester substitution (DS = 2.18), hydrophobicity, crystalline behavior, and optical activity of the generated acetylated CNC (Ac-CNC) were quantified by TEM, FTIR, solid 13C NMR, contact angle, XRD, and POM analyses. Ac-CNC possesses substantial enhancement in thermal stability (16.8%) and forms thin films with an interlayer distance of 50-150 nm, presenting cavities suitable for entrapping nano- and microparticles. Generated Ac-CNC proved to be an effective reinforcing agent in hydrophobic polymer matrices for fabricating high performance nanocomposites. When integrated at a very low weight percentage (0.5%) in an epoxy matrix, Ac-CNC provided for a 73% increase in tensile strength and a 98% increase in modulus, demonstrating its remarkable reinforcing potential and effective stress transfer behavior. The method of modification and the unique properties of the modified CNC (hydrophobicity, crystallinity, reinforcing ability, and optical activity) render them a novel bionanomaterial for a range of multipurpose applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eldho Abraham
- R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics and The Harvey M. Krueger Family Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Doron Kam
- R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics and The Harvey M. Krueger Family Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Yuval Nevo
- R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics and The Harvey M. Krueger Family Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Rikard Slattegard
- Melodea Ltd, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Amit Rivkin
- R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics and The Harvey M. Krueger Family Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Shaul Lapidot
- Melodea Ltd, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Oded Shoseyov
- R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics and The Harvey M. Krueger Family Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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21
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Moatsou D, Weder C. Mechanically Adaptive Nanocomposites Inspired by Sea Cucumbers. BIO-INSPIRED POLYMERS 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782626664-00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Sea cucumbers own the fascinating capability to rapidly and reversibly change the stiffness of their dermis. This mechanical morphing is achieved through a distinctive architecture of the tissue, which is composed of a viscoelastic matrix that is reinforced with rigid collagen microfibrils. Neurosecretory proteins regulate the interactions among the latter, and thereby control the overall mechanical properties of the material. This architecture and functionality have been mimicked by researchers in artificial nanocomposites that feature similar, albeit significantly simplified, structure and mechanical morphing ability. The general design of such stimulus–responsive, mechanically adaptive materials involves a low-modulus polymer matrix and rigid, high-aspect ratio filler particles, which are arranged to form percolating networks within the polymer matrix. Stress transfer is controlled by switching the interactions among the nanofibers and/or between the nanofibers and the matrix polymer via an external stimulus. In first embodiments, water was employed to moderate hydrogen-bonding interactions in such nanocomposites, while more recent examples have been designed to respond to more specific stimuli, such as a change of the pH, or irradiation with ultraviolet light. This chapter provides an overview of the general design principles and materials embodiments of such sea-cucumber inspired materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafni Moatsou
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg Chemin des Verdiers 4 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg Chemin des Verdiers 4 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
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22
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23
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Camarero-Espinosa S, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Foster EJ, Weder C. Articular cartilage: from formation to tissue engineering. Biomater Sci 2016; 4:734-67. [PMID: 26923076 DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00068a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hyaline cartilage is the nonlinear, inhomogeneous, anisotropic, poro-viscoelastic connective tissue that serves as friction-reducing and load-bearing cushion in synovial joints and is vital for mammalian skeletal movements. Due to its avascular nature, low cell density, low proliferative activity and the tendency of chondrocytes to de-differentiate, cartilage cannot regenerate after injury, wear and tear, or degeneration through common diseases such as osteoarthritis. Therefore severe damage usually requires surgical intervention. Current clinical strategies to generate new tissue include debridement, microfracture, autologous chondrocyte transplantation, and mosaicplasty. While articular cartilage was predicted to be one of the first tissues to be successfully engineered, it proved to be challenging to reproduce the complex architecture and biomechanical properties of the native tissue. Despite significant research efforts, only a limited number of studies have evolved up to the clinical trial stage. This review article summarizes the current state of cartilage tissue engineering in the context of relevant biological aspects, such as the formation and growth of hyaline cartilage, its composition, structure and biomechanical properties. Special attention is given to materials development, scaffold designs, fabrication methods, and template-cell interactions, which are of great importance to the structure and functionality of the engineered tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Camarero-Espinosa
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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24
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Nicharat A, Sapkota J, Weder C, Foster EJ. Melt processing of polyamide 12 and cellulose nanocrystals nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Apiradee Nicharat
- Adolphe Merkle Institute; University of Fribourg; Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Janak Sapkota
- Adolphe Merkle Institute; University of Fribourg; Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute; University of Fribourg; Fribourg Switzerland
| | - E. Johan Foster
- Adolphe Merkle Institute; University of Fribourg; Fribourg Switzerland
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Virginia Tech, Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute; Blacksburg VA
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25
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Liu M, Peng Q, Luo B, Zhou C. The improvement of mechanical performance and water-response of carboxylated SBR by chitin nanocrystals. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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Quero F, Coveney A, Lewandowska AE, Richardson RM, Díaz-Calderón P, Lee KY, Eichhorn SJ, Alam MA, Enrione J. Stress Transfer Quantification in Gelatin-Matrix Natural Composites with Tunable Optical Properties. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:1784-93. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franck Quero
- Universidad de los Andes, Avenida
Monseñor Álvaro del Portillo 12.455, Las Condes, Santiago 7550000, Chile
| | - Abigail Coveney
- Bristol
Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, Centre for NSQI, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1FD, United Kingdom
- H. H.
Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - Anna E. Lewandowska
- College of Engineering, Mathematics & Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Harrison Building, North Park Road, Exeter EX4 4QF, United Kingdom
| | - Robert M. Richardson
- H. H.
Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - Paulo Díaz-Calderón
- Universidad de los Andes, Avenida
Monseñor Álvaro del Portillo 12.455, Las Condes, Santiago 7550000, Chile
| | - Koon-Yang Lee
- The
Composites Centre, Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Eichhorn
- College of Engineering, Mathematics & Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Harrison Building, North Park Road, Exeter EX4 4QF, United Kingdom
| | - M. Ashraf Alam
- H. H.
Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - Javier Enrione
- Universidad de los Andes, Avenida
Monseñor Álvaro del Portillo 12.455, Las Condes, Santiago 7550000, Chile
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27
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Biyani MV, Weder C, Foster EJ. Photoswitchable nanocomposites made from coumarin-functionalized cellulose nanocrystals. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00486h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Cheng H, Zhu G. Preparation and characterization of SiO2-coated 2,4-hexadiyn-1,6-bis(ethylurea) microcapsules. Chem Res Chin Univ 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-014-3344-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Abeer MM, Mohd Amin MCI, Martin C. A review of bacterial cellulose-based drug delivery systems: their biochemistry, current approaches and future prospects. J Pharm Pharmacol 2014; 66:1047-61. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The field of pharmaceutical technology is expanding rapidly because of the increasing number of drug delivery options. Successful drug delivery is influenced by multiple factors, one of which is the appropriate identification of materials for research and engineering of new drug delivery systems. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is one such biopolymer that fulfils the criteria for consideration as a drug delivery material.
Key findings
BC showed versatility in terms of its potential for in-situ modulation, chemical modification after synthesis and application in the biomedical field, thus expanding the current, more limited view of BC and facilitating the investigation of its potential for application in drug delivery.
Summary
Cellulose, which is widely available in nature, has numerous applications. One of the applications is that of BC in the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields, where it has been primarily applied for transdermal formulations to improve clinical outcomes. This review takes a multidisciplinary approach to consideration of the feasibility and potential benefits of BC in the development of other drug delivery systems for various routes of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mustafa Abeer
- Centre for Drug Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Cairul Iqbal Mohd Amin
- Centre for Drug Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Claire Martin
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
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30
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Annamalai PK, Dagnon KL, Monemian S, Foster EJ, Rowan SJ, Weder C. Water-responsive mechanically adaptive nanocomposites based on styrene-butadiene rubber and cellulose nanocrystals--processing matters. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:967-76. [PMID: 24354282 DOI: 10.1021/am404382x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetic, stimuli-responsive polymer nanocomposites based on a hydrophobic styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) matrix and rigid, rod-like cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) isolated from cotton were prepared by three different approaches, and their properties were studied and related to the composition, processing history, and exposure to water as a stimulus. The first processing approach involved mixing an aqueous SBR latex with aqueous CNC dispersions, and films were subsequently formed by solution-casting. The second method utilized the first protocol, but films were additionally compression-molded. The third method involved the formation of a CNC organogel via a solvent exchange with acetone, followed by infusing this gel, in which the CNCs form a percolating network with solutions of SBR in tetrahydrofuran. The thermomechanical properties of the materials were established by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). In the dry state, all nanocomposites show much higher tensile storage moduli, E', than the neat SBR or the SBR latex. E' increases with the CNC content and depends strongly on the processing method, which appears to influence the morphology of the SBR nanocomposites produced. The highest E' values were observed for the solution cast samples involving an SBR latex, where E' increased from 3 MPa for the neat SBR to ca. 740 MPa for the nanocomposite containing 20% v/v CNCs. Upon submersion in deionized water, a dramatic reduction of E' was observed, for example from 740 to 5 MPa for the solution-cast nanocomposite containing 20% v/v CNCs. This change is interpreted as a disengagement of the percolating CNC network, on account of modest aqueous swelling and competitive hydrogen bonding of water molecules with the CNCs. It is shown that the method of preparation also influenced the swelling behavior and kinetics of modulus switching, consistent with different arrangements of the CNCs, which serve as channels for water absorption and transport within the hydrophobic SBR matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratheep K Annamalai
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg , Route de l'Ancienne Papeterie, 1723 Marly, Switzerland
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31
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Pullawan T, Wilkinson AN, Zhang LN, Eichhorn SJ. Deformation micromechanics of all-cellulose nanocomposites: comparing matrix and reinforcing components. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 100:31-9. [PMID: 24188835 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
All-cellulose nanocomposites, comprising two different forms of cellulose nanowhiskers dispersed in two different matrix systems, are produced. Acid hydrolysis of both tunicate (T-CNWs) and cotton cellulose (CNWs) is carried out to produce the nanowhiskers. These nanowhiskers are then dispersed in a cellulose matrix material, produced using two dissolution methods; namely lithium chloride/N,N-dimethyl acetamide (LiCl/DMAc) and sodium hydroxide/urea (NaOH/urea). Crystallinity of both nanocomposite systems increases with the addition of nanowhiskers up to a volume fraction of 15 v/v%, after which a plateau is reached. Stress-transfer mechanisms, between the matrix and the nanowhiskers in both of these nanocomposites are reported. This is achieved by following both the mechanical deformation of the materials, and by following the molecular deformation of both the nanowhiskers and matrix phases using Raman spectroscopy. In order to carry out the latter of these analyses, two spectral peaks are used which correspond to different crystal allomorphs; cellulose-I for the nanowhiskers and cellulose-II for the matrix. It is shown that composites comprising a LiCl/DMAc based matrix perform better than NaOH/urea based systems, the T-CNWs provide better reinforcement than CNWs and that an optimum loading of nanowhiskers (at 15 v/v%) is required to obtain maximum tensile strength and modulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanittha Pullawan
- Materials Science Centre, School of Materials, University of Manchester, Grosvenor Street, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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32
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Mueller S, Weder C, Foster EJ. Isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from pseudostems of banana plants. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46390g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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33
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Dagnon KL, Way AE, Carson SO, Silva J, Maia J, Rowan SJ. Controlling the Rate of Water-Induced Switching in Mechanically Dynamic Cellulose Nanocrystal Composites. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4008187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Koffi L. Dagnon
- Department of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert
Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Amanda E. Way
- Department of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert
Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Sidney O. Carson
- Department of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert
Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Jorge Silva
- Department of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert
Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Joao Maia
- Department of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert
Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Stuart J. Rowan
- Department of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert
Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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34
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Camarero Espinosa S, Kuhnt T, Foster EJ, Weder C. Isolation of thermally stable cellulose nanocrystals by phosphoric acid hydrolysis. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:1223-30. [PMID: 23458473 DOI: 10.1021/bm400219u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
On account of their intriguing mechanical properties, low cost, and renewable nature, high-aspect-ratio cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are an attractive component for many nanomaterials. Due to hydrogen bonding between their surface hydroxyl groups, unmodified CNCs (H-CNCs) aggregate easily and are often difficult to disperse. It is shown here that on account of ionic repulsion between charged surface groups, slightly phosphorylated CNCs (P-CNCs, average dimensions 31 ± 14 × 316 ± 127 nm, surface charge density = 10.8 ± 2.7 mmol/kg cellulose), prepared by controlled hydrolysis of cotton with phosphoric acid, are readily dispersible and form stable dispersions in polar solvents such as water, dimethyl sulfoxide, and dimethylformamide. Thermogravimetric analyses reveal that these P-CNCs exhibit a much higher thermal stability than partially sulfated CNCs (S-CNCs), which are frequently employed, but suffer from limited thermal stability. Nanocomposites of an ethylene oxide-epichlorohydrin copolymer and H-CNCs, S-CNCs, and P-CNCs were prepared, and their mechanical properties were studied by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. The results show that P-CNCs offer a reinforcing capability that is comparable to that of H-CNCs or S-CNCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Camarero Espinosa
- Adolphe Merkle Institute and Fribourg Center for Nanomaterials, University of Fribourg, Route de l'Ancienne Papeterie, 1723 Marly, Switzerland
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35
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Das P, Heuser T, Wolf A, Zhu B, Demco DE, Ifuku S, Walther A. Tough and Catalytically Active Hybrid Biofibers Wet-Spun From Nanochitin Hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:4205-12. [DOI: 10.1021/bm3014796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Das
- Interactive Materials
Research, DWI at RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Heuser
- Interactive Materials
Research, DWI at RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrea Wolf
- Macromolecular Chemistry
II, University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany,
| | - Baolei Zhu
- Interactive Materials
Research, DWI at RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Dan Eugen Demco
- Interactive Materials
Research, DWI at RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Shinsuke Ifuku
- Graduate School of
Engineering, Tottori University, 101-4 Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori, 680-8502, Japan
| | - Andreas Walther
- Interactive Materials
Research, DWI at RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
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36
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Lapidot S, Meirovitch S, Sharon S, Heyman A, Kaplan DL, Shoseyov O. Clues for biomimetics from natural composite materials. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012; 7:1409-23. [PMID: 22994958 PMCID: PMC3567446 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bio-inspired material systems are derived from different living organisms such as plants, arthropods, mammals and marine organisms. These biomaterial systems from nature are always present in the form of composites, with molecular-scale interactions optimized to direct functional features. With interest in replacing synthetic materials with natural materials due to biocompatibility, sustainability and green chemistry issues, it is important to understand the molecular structure and chemistry of the raw component materials to also learn from their natural engineering, interfaces and interactions leading to durable and highly functional material architectures. This review will focus on applications of biomaterials in single material forms, as well as biomimetic composites inspired by natural organizational features. Examples of different natural composite systems will be described, followed by implementation of the principles underlying their composite organization into artificial bio-inspired systems for materials with new functional features for future medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaul Lapidot
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sigal Meirovitch
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sigal Sharon
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Arnon Heyman
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Oded Shoseyov
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
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37
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Pullawan T, Wilkinson AN, Eichhorn SJ. Influence of magnetic field alignment of cellulose whiskers on the mechanics of all-cellulose nanocomposites. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:2528-36. [PMID: 22738281 DOI: 10.1021/bm300746r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Orientation of cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs) derived from tunicates, in an all-cellulose nanocomposite, is achieved through the application of a magnetic field. CNWs are incorporated into a dissolved cellulose matrix system and during solvent casting of the nanocomposite a magnetic field is applied to induce their alignment. Unoriented CNW samples, without the presence of a magnetic field, are also produced. The CNWs are found to orient under the action of the magnetic field, leading to enhanced stiffness and strength of the composites, but not to the level that is theoretically predicted for a fully aligned system. Lowering the volume fraction of the CNWs is shown to allow them to orient more readily in the magnetic field, leading to larger relative increases in the mechanical properties. It is shown, using polarized light microscopy, that the all-cellulose composites have a domain structure, with some domains showing pronounced orientation of CNWs and others where no preferred orientation occurs. Raman spectroscopy is used to both follow the position of bands located at ~1095 and ~895 cm(-1) with deformation and also their intensity as a function rotation angle of the specimens. It is shown that these approaches give valuable independent information on the respective molecular deformation and orientation of the CNWs, and the molecules in the matrix phase, in oriented and nonoriented domains of all-cellulose composites. These data are then related to an increase in the level of molecular deformation in the axial direction, as revealed by the Raman technique. Little orientation of the matrix phase is observed under the action of the magnetic field indicating the dominance of the stiff CNWs in governing mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanittha Pullawan
- Materials Science Centre, School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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38
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Xu H, Liu CY, Chen C, Hsiao BS, Zhong GJ, Li ZM. Easy alignment and effective nucleation activity of ramie fibers in injection-molded poly(lactic acid) biocomposites. Biopolymers 2012; 97:825-39. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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39
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Lin N, Huang J, Dufresne A. Preparation, properties and applications of polysaccharide nanocrystals in advanced functional nanomaterials: a review. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:3274-94. [PMID: 22565323 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr30260h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Intensive exploration and research in the past few decades on polysaccharide nanocrystals, the highly crystalline nanoscale materials derived from natural resources, mainly focused originally on their use as a reinforcing nanophase in nanocomposites. However, these investigations have led to the emergence of more diverse potential applications exploiting the functionality of these nanomaterials. Based on the construction strategies of functional nanomaterials, this article critically and comprehensively reviews the emerging polysaccharide nanocrystal-based functional nanomaterials with special applications, such as biomedical materials, biomimetic optical nanomaterials, bio-inspired mechanically adaptive nanomaterials, permselective nanostructured membranes, template for synthesizing inorganic nanoparticles, polymer electrolytes, emulsion nano-stabilizer and decontamination of organic pollutants. We focus on the preparation, unique properties and performances of the different polysaccharide nanocrystal materials. At the same time, the advantages, physicochemical properties and chemical modifications of polysaccharide nanocrystals are also comparatively discussed in view of materials development. Finally, the perspective and current challenges of polysaccharide nanocrystals in future functional nanomaterials are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Lin
- Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP) - The International School of Paper, Print Media and Biomaterials (Pagora), BP65, 38402 Saint Martin d'Hères Cedex, Grenoble, France
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40
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Dagnon KL, Shanmuganathan K, Weder C, Rowan SJ. Water-Triggered Modulus Changes of Cellulose Nanofiber Nanocomposites with Hydrophobic Polymer Matrices. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma300463y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koffi L. Dagnon
- Department of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Kadhiravan Shanmuganathan
- Department of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Rte de l’Ancienne Papeterie,
CH-1723 Marly 1, Switzerland
| | - Stuart J. Rowan
- Department of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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41
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Tanpichai S, Quero F, Nogi M, Yano H, Young RJ, Lindström T, Sampson WW, Eichhorn SJ. Effective Young’s Modulus of Bacterial and Microfibrillated Cellulose Fibrils in Fibrous Networks. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:1340-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bm300042t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Supachok Tanpichai
- Materials Science Centre, School of Materials, University of Manchester, Grosvenor
Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- The Northwest Composite Centre, University of Manchester, Paper Science Building, Sackville
Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Franck Quero
- Materials Science Centre, School of Materials, University of Manchester, Grosvenor
Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- The Northwest Composite Centre, University of Manchester, Paper Science Building, Sackville
Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Masaya Nogi
- The Institute of Scientific
and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yano
- Research Institute
for the Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-011, Japan
| | - Robert J. Young
- Materials Science Centre, School of Materials, University of Manchester, Grosvenor
Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- The Northwest Composite Centre, University of Manchester, Paper Science Building, Sackville
Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | | | - William W. Sampson
- Materials Science Centre, School of Materials, University of Manchester, Grosvenor
Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- The Northwest Composite Centre, University of Manchester, Paper Science Building, Sackville
Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Eichhorn
- Materials Science Centre, School of Materials, University of Manchester, Grosvenor
Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- The Northwest Composite Centre, University of Manchester, Paper Science Building, Sackville
Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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42
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Osorio-Madrazo A, Eder M, Rueggeberg M, Pandey JK, Harrington MJ, Nishiyama Y, Putaux JL, Rochas C, Burgert I. Reorientation of cellulose nanowhiskers in agarose hydrogels under tensile loading. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:850-6. [PMID: 22295902 DOI: 10.1021/bm201764y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Agarose hydrogels filled with cellulose nanowhiskers were strained in uniaxial stretching under different humidity conditions. The orientation of the cellulose whiskers was examined before and after testing with an X-ray laboratory source and monitored in situ during loading by synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The aim of this approach was to determine the process parameters for reorienting the cellulose nanowhiskers toward a preferential direction. Results show that a controlled drying of the hydrogel is essential to establish interactions between the matrix and the cellulose nanowhiskers which allow for a stress transfer during stretching and thereby promote their alignment. Rewetting of the sample after reorientation of the cellulose nanowhiskers circumvents a critical increase of stress. This improves the extensibility of the hydrogel and is accompanied by a further moderate alignment of the cellulose nanowhiskers. Following this protocol, cellulose nanowhiskers with an initial random distribution can be reoriented toward a preferential direction, creating anisotropic nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anayancy Osorio-Madrazo
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Wissenschafspark Golm, D-14424 Potsdam, Germany.
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43
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Appel EA, del Barrio J, Loh XJ, Scherman OA. Supramolecular polymeric hydrogels. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:6195-214. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35264h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 865] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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44
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Uddin AJ, Fujie M, Sembo S, Gotoh Y. Outstanding reinforcing effect of highly oriented chitin whiskers in PVA nanocomposites. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 87:799-805. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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45
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Bulota M, Tanpichai S, Hughes M, Eichhorn SJ. Micromechanics of TEMPO-oxidized fibrillated cellulose composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:331-337. [PMID: 22181067 DOI: 10.1021/am201399q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Composites of poly(lactic) acid (PLA) reinforced with TEMPO-oxidized fibrillated cellulose (TOFC) were prepared to 15, 20, 25, and 30% fiber weight fractions. To aid dispersion and to improve stress transfer, we acetylated the TOFC prior to the fabrication of TOFC-PLA composite films. Raman spectroscopy was employed to study the deformation micromechanics in these systems. Microtensile specimens were prepared from the films and deformed in tension with Raman spectra being collected simultaneously during deformation. A shift in a Raman peak initially located at ~1095 cm(-1), assigned to C-O-C stretching of the cellulose backbone, was observed upon deformation, indicating stress transfer from the matrix to the TOFC reinforcement. The highest band shift rate, with respect to strain, was observed in composites having a 30% weight fraction of TOFC. These composites also displayed a significantly higher strain to failure compared to pure acetylated TOFC film, and to the composites having lower weight fractions of TOFC. The stress-transfer processes that occur in microfibrillated cellulose composites are discussed with reference to the micromechanical data presented. It is shown that these TOFC-based composite materials are progressively dominated by the mechanics of the networks, and a shear-lag type stress transfer between fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindaugas Bulota
- Department of Forest Products Technology, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16400, 00076-Aalto, Finland.
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46
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Luo H, Hu J, Zhu Y. Polymeric Shape Memory Nanocomposites with Heterogeneous Twin Switches. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201100292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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47
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Rusli R, Eichhorn SJ. Interfacial energy dissipation in a cellulose nanowhisker composite. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:325706. [PMID: 21775778 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/32/325706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic tensile and compressive deformation is applied to cellulose nanowhisker-epoxy resin based model nanocomposites. The molecular deformation of the cellulose nanowhiskers within the epoxy resin matrix is followed using a Raman spectroscopy technique, whereby shifts in the position of a band located at ∼ 1095 cm(-1) are shown to correlate directly with a breakdown in the interfaces between the resin and the nanowhiskers and between nanowhiskers themselves. A theoretical model is used to determine the dissipation of energy at the interfaces between whiskers and at the whisker-matrix interface. This approach is shown to be useful for interpreting the local micromechanics of these materials by providing a quantitative measure of the quality of the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafeadah Rusli
- School of Materials and the Northwest Composites Centre, University of Manchester, Paper Science Building, Sackville Street, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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48
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Mendez J, Annamalai PK, Eichhorn SJ, Rusli R, Rowan SJ, Foster EJ, Weder C. Bioinspired Mechanically Adaptive Polymer Nanocomposites with Water-Activated Shape-Memory Effect. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma201502k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Mendez
- Adolphe Merkle Institute and Fribourg Center for Nanomaterials, University of Fribourg, Rte de l'Ancienne Papeterie, P.O. Box 209, 1723 Marly, Switzerland
| | - Pratheep K. Annamalai
- Adolphe Merkle Institute and Fribourg Center for Nanomaterials, University of Fribourg, Rte de l'Ancienne Papeterie, P.O. Box 209, 1723 Marly, Switzerland
| | - Stephen J. Eichhorn
- Materials Science Centre and the Northwest Composites Centre, School of Materials, Paper Science Building, University of Manchester, Sackville Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Rafeadah Rusli
- Materials Science Centre and the Northwest Composites Centre, School of Materials, Paper Science Building, University of Manchester, Sackville Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Stuart J. Rowan
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
| | - E. Johan Foster
- Adolphe Merkle Institute and Fribourg Center for Nanomaterials, University of Fribourg, Rte de l'Ancienne Papeterie, P.O. Box 209, 1723 Marly, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute and Fribourg Center for Nanomaterials, University of Fribourg, Rte de l'Ancienne Papeterie, P.O. Box 209, 1723 Marly, Switzerland
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49
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Moon RJ, Martini A, Nairn J, Simonsen J, Youngblood J. Cellulose nanomaterials review: structure, properties and nanocomposites. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:3941-94. [PMID: 21566801 DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00108b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2546] [Impact Index Per Article: 195.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This critical review provides a processing-structure-property perspective on recent advances in cellulose nanoparticles and composites produced from them. It summarizes cellulose nanoparticles in terms of particle morphology, crystal structure, and properties. Also described are the self-assembly and rheological properties of cellulose nanoparticle suspensions. The methodology of composite processing and resulting properties are fully covered, with an emphasis on neat and high fraction cellulose composites. Additionally, advances in predictive modeling from molecular dynamic simulations of crystalline cellulose to the continuum modeling of composites made with such particles are reviewed (392 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Moon
- The Forest Products Laboratory, US Forest Service, Madison, WI, USA.
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50
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Jalal Uddin A, Araki J, Gotoh Y. Extremely oriented tunicin whiskers in poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposites. POLYM INT 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.3067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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