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Biswas S, Melton LD, Nelson ARJ, Le Brun AP, Heinrich F, McGillivray DJ, Xu AY. The Assembly Mechanism and Mesoscale Architecture of Protein-Polysaccharide Complexes Formed at the Solid-liquid Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:12551-12561. [PMID: 36194692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Protein-polysaccharide composite materials have generated much interest due to their potential use in medical science and biotechnology. A comprehensive understanding of the assembly mechanism and the mesoscale architecture is needed for fabricating protein-polysaccharide composite materials with desired properties. In this study, complex assemblies were built on silica surfaces through a layer-by-layer (LbL) approach using bovine beta-lactoglobulin variant A (βLgA) and pectin as model protein and polysaccharide, respectively. We demonstrated the combined use of quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and neutron reflectometry (NR) for elucidating the assembly mechanism as well as the internal architecture of the protein-polysaccharide complexes formed at the solid-liquid interface. Our results show that βLgA and pectin interacted with each other and formed a cohesive matrix structure at the interface consisting of intertwined pectin chains that were cross-linked by βLgA-rich domains. Although the complexes were fabricated in an LbL fashion, the complexes appeared to be relatively homogeneous with βLgA and pectin molecules spatially distributed within the matrix structure. Our results also demonstrate that the density of βLgA-pectin complex assemblies increased with both the overall and local charge density of pectin molecules. Therefore, the physical properties of the protein-polysaccharide matrix structure, including density and level of hydration, can be tuned by using polysaccharides with varying charge patterns, thus promoting the development of composite materials with desired properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanta Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana70803, United States
| | - Laurence D Melton
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrew R J Nelson
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, ANSTO, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales2232, Australia
| | - Anton P Le Brun
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, ANSTO, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales2232, Australia
| | - Frank Heinrich
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania15213, United States
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, Maryland20899, United States
| | - Duncan J McGillivray
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland1142, New Zealand
| | - Amy Y Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana70803, United States
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2
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Nuutinen EM, Valle-Delgado JJ, Kellock M, Farooq M, Österberg M. Affinity of Keratin Peptides for Cellulose and Lignin: A Fundamental Study toward Advanced Bio-Based Materials. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:9917-9927. [PMID: 35930798 PMCID: PMC9387096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Keratin is a potential raw material to meet the growing demand for bio-based materials with special properties. Keratin can be obtained from feathers, a by-product from the poultry industry. One approach for keratin valorization is to use the protein to improve the properties of already existing cellulose and lignin-based materials to meet the requirements for replacing fossil-based plastics. To ensure a successful combination of keratin with lignocellulosic building blocks, keratin must have an affinity to these substrates. Hence, we used quartz crystal microbalance with a dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) technique to get a detailed understanding of the adsorption of keratin peptides onto lignocellulosic substrates and how the morphology of the substrate, pH, ionic strength, and keratin properties affected the adsorption. Keratin was fractionated from feathers with a scalable and environmentally friendly deep eutectic solvent process. The keratin fraction used in the adsorption studies consisted of different sized keratin peptides (about 1-4 kDa), which had adopted a random coil conformation as observed by circular dichroism (CD). Measuring keratin adsorption to different lignocellulosic substrates by QCM-D revealed a significant affinity of keratin peptides for lignin, both as smooth films and in the form of nanoparticles but only a weak interaction between cellulose and keratin. Systematic evaluation of the effect of surface, media, and protein properties enabled us to obtain a deeper understanding of the driving force for adsorption. Both the structure and size of the keratin peptides appeared to play an important role in its adsorption. The keratin-lignin combination is an attractive option for advanced material applications. For improved adsorption on cellulose, modifications of either keratin or cellulose would be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmi-Maria Nuutinen
- Sustainable
products and materials, VTT, Technical Research
Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Juan José Valle-Delgado
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Miriam Kellock
- Sustainable
products and materials, VTT, Technical Research
Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Monika Österberg
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
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3
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Shen Q, Xiong T, Zheng W, Luo Y, Peng W, Dai J, Song R, Li Y, Liu S, Li B, Chen Y. The Effects of Thermal Treatment on Emulsifying Properties of Soy Protein Isolates: Interfacial Rheology and Quantitative Proteomic Analysis. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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4
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Yang Y, Wang Q, Tang Y, Lei L, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Li L, Wang Q, Ming J. Effects of ionic strength and (−)-epigallocatechin gallate on physicochemical characteristics of soybean 11S and 7S proteins. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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5
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Podlena M, Böhm M, Saloni D, Velarde G, Salas C. Tuning the Adhesive Properties of Soy Protein Wood Adhesives with Different Coadjutant Polymers, Nanocellulose and Lignin. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1972. [PMID: 34203736 PMCID: PMC8232160 DOI: 10.3390/polym13121972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Commercial wood adhesives are based on products that contain formaldehyde; however, environmental and health concerns about formaldehyde emissions from wood products have influenced research and development efforts in order to find alternative, formaldehyde-free products for wood adhesives. In this work, different soy protein-based wood adhesives are proposed, and their performance is compared to commercial urea formaldehyde (UF) adhesive. Soy protein-based wood adhesives were prepared using either soy protein isolate (SPI) or soy protein flour (SF) with different coadjutant polymers: polyethylene oxide (PEO), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with and without addition of kraft lignin. The effects of the type of soy protein, solids content, coadjutant polymer and lignin addition were investigated. The wood adhesive formulations were tested on the bonding of hardwood (white maple) and softwood (southern yellow pine) and the dry shear strength of test specimens was measured according to method ASTM D905-08. The adhesive formulations with SPI achieved significantly higher values than those with SF. The dry shear strength of the adhesives varies depending on the coadjutant polymer, the wood species and the addition of lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Podlena
- Department of Materials Engineering and Chemistry, Czech Technical University in Prague, Thákurova 7, 166 29 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Martin Böhm
- Department of Materials Engineering and Chemistry, Czech Technical University in Prague, Thákurova 7, 166 29 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Daniel Saloni
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, NC State University, 2820 Faucette Dr, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (D.S.); (G.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Guillermo Velarde
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, NC State University, 2820 Faucette Dr, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (D.S.); (G.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Carlos Salas
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, NC State University, 2820 Faucette Dr, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (D.S.); (G.V.); (C.S.)
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6
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Cusola O, Rojas OJ, Roncero MB. Lignin Particles for Multifunctional Membranes, Antioxidative Microfiltration, Patterning, and 3D Structuring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:45226-45236. [PMID: 31702895 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a new type of particle-based membrane based on the combination of lignin particles (LPs) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), the latter of which are introduced in small volume fractions to act as networking and adhesive agents. The synergies that are inherent to lignin and cellulose in plants are re-engineered to render materials with low surface energy (contact angle measurements) and can be rendered water-resistant with the aid of wet-strength agents (WSAs). Importantly, they are most suitable for antioxidative separation (ABTS•+ radical inhibition): membranes with uniform porous structures (air permeability and capillary flow porosimetry) allow effluent oxidation at 95 mL/cm2, demonstrating, for the first time, the use of unmodified lignin particles in flexible membranes for active microfiltration. Moreover, the membranes are found to be nonfouling (protein adhesion and activity rate). The inherent properties of lignin, including UV radiation blocking capacity (UV transmittance analysis) and reduced surface energy, are further exploited in the development of tailorable and self-standing architectures that are almost entirely comprised of nonbonding LP (solids content as high as 92 w/w%). Despite such composition, the materials develop high toughness (oscillatory dynamic mechanical analysis), owing to the addition of minor amounts of CNF. Multifunctional materials based on thin films (casting), 3D structures (molding), and patterned geometries (extrusion deposition) are developed as a demonstration of the potential use of lignin particles as precursors of new material generation. Remarkably, our observations hold for spherical LPs since a much poorer performance was observed after using amorphous powder, indicating the role of size and shape in related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Cusola
- CELBIOTECH Research Group , Escola Superior d'Enginyeries Industrial, Aeroespacial i Audiovisual de Terrassa , 08222 Terrassa , Spain
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering , Aalto University , FI-00076 Aalto , Finland
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering , Aalto University , FI-00076 Aalto , Finland
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z4 , Canada
| | - M Blanca Roncero
- CELBIOTECH Research Group , Escola Superior d'Enginyeries Industrial, Aeroespacial i Audiovisual de Terrassa , 08222 Terrassa , Spain
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7
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Cellulose microfibril networks in hydrolysed soy protein isolate solutions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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8
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Protein structural changes during processing of vegetable feed ingredients used in swine diets: implications for nutritional value. Nutr Res Rev 2016; 29:126-41. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954422416000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractProtein structure influences the accessibility of enzymes for digestion. The proportion of intramolecular β-sheets in the secondary structure of native proteins has been related to a decrease in protein digestibility. Changes to proteins that can be considered positive (for example, denaturation and random coil formation) or negative (for example, aggregation and Maillard reactions) for protein digestibility can occur simultaneously during processing. The final result of these changes on digestibility seems to be a counterbalance of the occurrence of each phenomenon. Occurrence of each phenomenon depends on the conditions applied, but also on the source and type of the protein that is processed. The correlation between denaturation enthalpy after processing and protein digestibility seems to be dependent on the protein source. Heat seems to be the processing parameter with the largest influence on changes in the structure of proteins. The effect of moisture is usually limited to the simultaneous application of heat, but increasing level of moisture during processing usually increases structural changes in proteins. The effect of shear on protein structure is commonly studied using extrusion, although the multifactorial essence of this technology does not allow disentanglement of the separate effects of each processing parameter (for example, heat, shear, moisture). Although most of the available literature on the processing of feed ingredients reports effects on protein digestibility, the mechanisms that explain these effects are usually lacking. Clarifying these mechanisms could aid in the prediction of the nutritional consequences of processing conditions.
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Ferrer A, Hoeger IC, Lu X, Rojas OJ. Reinforcement of polypropylene with lignocellulose nanofibrils and compatibilization with biobased polymers. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ferrer
- Department of Forest Biomaterials; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina
| | - Ingrid C. Hoeger
- Department of Forest Biomaterials; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina
| | - Xiaomin Lu
- Department of Forest Biomaterials; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina
| | - Orlando J. Rojas
- Department of Forest Biomaterials; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina
- Department of Forest Products Technology; Aalto University; Espoo 00076 Finland
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10
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Nanocellulose and Proteins: Exploiting Their Interactions for Production, Immobilization, and Synthesis of Biocompatible Materials. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2015_322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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11
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Salas C, Ago M, Lucia LA, Rojas OJ. Synthesis of soy protein–lignin nanofibers by solution electrospinning. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2014.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Salas C, Genzer J, Lucia LA, Hubbe MA, Rojas OJ. Water-wettable polypropylene fibers by facile surface treatment based on soy proteins. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:6541-6548. [PMID: 23789986 DOI: 10.1021/am401065t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Modification of the wetting behavior of hydrophobic surfaces is essential in a variety of materials, including textiles and membranes that require control of fluid interactions, adhesion, transport processes, sensing, etc. This investigation examines the enhancement of wettability of an important class of textile materials, viz., polypropylene (PP) fibers, by surface adsorption of different proteins from soybeans, including soy flour, isolate,glycinin, and β-conglycinin. Detailed investigations of soy adsorption from aqueous solution (pH 7.4, 25 °C) on polypropylene thin films is carried out using quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). A significant amount of protein adsorbs onto the PP surfaces primarily due to hydrophobic interactions. We establish that adsorption of a cationic surfactant, dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODA) onto PP surfaces prior to the protein deposition dramatically enhances its adsorption. The adsorption of proteins from native (PBS buffer, pH 7.4, 25 °C) and denatured conditions (PBS buffer, pH 7.4, 95 °C) onto DODA-treated PP leads to a high coverage of the proteins on the PP surface as confirmed by a significant improvement in water wettability. A shift in the contact angle from 128° to completely wettable surfaces (≈0°) is observed and confirmed by imaging experiments conducted with fluorescence tags. Furthermore, the results from wicking tests indicate that hydrophobic PP nonwovens absorb a significant amount of water after protein treatment, i.e., the PP-modified surfaces become completely hydrophilic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Salas
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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13
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Goli KK, Gera N, Liu X, Rao BM, Rojas OJ, Genzer J. Generation and properties of antibacterial coatings based on electrostatic attachment of silver nanoparticles to protein-coated polypropylene fibers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:5298-5306. [PMID: 23675700 DOI: 10.1021/am4011644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present a simple method for attaching silver nanoparticles to polypropylene (PP) fibers in a two-step process to impart antibacterial properties. Specifically, PP fibers are pretreated by the adsorption from an aqueous solution of heat-denatured lysozyme (LYS) followed by LYS cross-linking using glutaraldehyde and sodium borohydride. At neutral pH, the surface of the adsorbed LYS layer is enriched with numerous positive charges. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) capped with trisodium citrate are subsequently deposited onto the protein-coated PP. Nanoparticle binding is mediated by electrostatic interactions between the positively charged LYS layer and the negatively charged AgNPs. The density of AgNPs deposited on PP depends on the amount of protein adsorbed on the surface. UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy are employed to follow all preparation steps and to characterize the resulting functional surfaces. The antibacterial activity of the modified surfaces is tested against gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli). Overall, our results show that PP surfaces coated with AgNPs exhibit excellent antibacterial activity with 100% removal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran K Goli
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7907, United States
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14
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Salas C, Rojas OJ, Lucia LA, Hubbe MA, Genzer J. On the surface interactions of proteins with lignin. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:199-206. [PMID: 23234476 DOI: 10.1021/am3024788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Lignins are used often in formulations involving proteins but little is known about the surface interactions between these important biomacromolecules. In this work, we investigate the interactions at the solid-liquid interface of lignin with the two main proteins in soy, glycinin (11S) and β-conglycinin (7S). The extent of adsorption of 11S and 7S onto lignin films and the degree of hydration of the interfacial layers is quantified via Quartz crystal microgravimetry (QCM) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Solution ionic strength and protein denaturation (2-mercaptoethanol and urea) critically affect the adsorption process as protein molecules undergo conformational changes and their hydrophobic or hydrophilic amino acid residues interact with the surrounding medium. In general, the adsorption of the undenatured proteins onto lignin is more extensive compared to that of the denatured biomolecules and a large amount of water is coupled to the adsorbed molecules. The reduction in water contact angle after protein adsorption (by ~40° and 35° for undenatured 11S and 7S, respectively) is explained by strong nonspecific interactions between soy proteins and lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Salas
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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15
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Goli KK, Rojas OJ, Özçam AE, Genzer J. Generation of Functional Coatings on Hydrophobic Surfaces through Deposition of Denatured Proteins Followed by Grafting from Polymerization. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:1371-82. [DOI: 10.1021/bm300075u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran K. Goli
- Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7907,
United States
| | - Orlando J. Rojas
- Department of Forest
Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
- Department of Forest
Products Technology, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - A. Evren Özçam
- Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905,
United States
| | - Jan Genzer
- Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905,
United States
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16
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Denisin AK, Karns K, Herr AE. Post-collection processing of Schirmer strip-collected human tear fluid impacts protein content. Analyst 2012; 137:5088-96. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an35821b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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