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Alizadeh Sardroud H, Chen X, Eames BF. Applied Compressive Strain Governs Hyaline-like Cartilage versus Fibrocartilage-like ECM Produced within Hydrogel Constructs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087410. [PMID: 37108575 PMCID: PMC10138702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of cartilage tissue engineering (CTE) is to regenerate new hyaline cartilage in joints and treat osteoarthritis (OA) using cell-impregnated hydrogel constructs. However, the production of an extracellular matrix (ECM) made of fibrocartilage is a potential outcome within hydrogel constructs when in vivo. Unfortunately, this fibrocartilage ECM has inferior biological and mechanical properties when compared to native hyaline cartilage. It was hypothesized that compressive forces stimulate fibrocartilage development by increasing production of collagen type 1 (Col1), an ECM protein found in fibrocartilage. To test the hypothesis, 3-dimensional (3D)-bioprinted hydrogel constructs were fabricated from alginate hydrogel impregnated with ATDC5 cells (a chondrogenic cell line). A bioreactor was used to simulate different in vivo joint movements by varying the magnitude of compressive strains and compare them with a control group that was not loaded. Chondrogenic differentiation of the cells in loaded and unloaded conditions was confirmed by deposition of cartilage specific molecules including glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and collagen type 2 (Col2). By performing biochemical assays, the production of GAGs and total collagen was also confirmed, and their contents were quantitated in unloaded and loaded conditions. Furthermore, Col1 vs. Col2 depositions were assessed at different compressive strains, and hyaline-like cartilage vs. fibrocartilage-like ECM production was analyzed to investigate how applied compressive strain affects the type of cartilage formed. These assessments showed that fibrocartilage-like ECM production tended to reduce with increasing compressive strain, though its production peaked at a higher compressive strain. According to these results, the magnitude of applied compressive strain governs the production of hyaline-like cartilage vs. fibrocartilage-like ECM and a high compressive strain stimulates fibrocartilage-like ECM formation rather than hyaline cartilage, which needs to be addressed by CTE approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Alizadeh Sardroud
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - B Frank Eames
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
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2
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Characterization and Evaluation of Commercial Carboxymethyl Cellulose Potential as an Active Ingredient for Cosmetics. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12136560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Carboxymethyl cellulose is the most used water-soluble cellulose with applications in industries such as food, cosmetics, and tissue engineering. However, due to a perceived lack of biological activity, carboxymethyl cellulose is mostly used as a structural element. As such, this work sought to investigate whether CMC possesses relevant biological properties that could grant it added value as a cosmeceutical ingredient in future skincare formulations. To that end, CMC samples (Mw between 471 and 322 kDa) skin cell cytotoxicity, impact upon pro-collagen I α I production, and inflammatory response were evaluated. Results showed that samples were not cytotoxic towards HaCat and HDFa up to 10 mg/mL while simultaneously promoting intracellular production of pro-collagen I α I up by 228% relative to the basal metabolism, which appeared to be related to the highest DS and Mw. Additionally, CMC samples modulated HaCat immune response as they decreased by ca. 1.4-fold IL-8 production and increased IL-6 levels by ca. five fold. Despite this increase, only two samples presented IL-6 levels similar to those of the inflammation control. Considering these results, CMC showed potential to be a more natural alternative to traditional bioactive cosmetic ingredients and, as it is capable of being a bioactive and structural ingredient, it may play a key role in future skincare formulations.
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3
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Jeon MJ, Choi YS, Kim ID, Criswell T, Atala A, Yoo JJ, Jackson JD. Engineering Functional Rat Ovarian Spheroids Using Granulosa and Theca Cells. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:1697-1708. [PMID: 33511540 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00445-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) is the most effective approach to managing the loss of ovarian activity, serious side effects have been reported. Cell-based therapy is a promising alternative for MHT. This study constructed engineered ovarian cell spheroids and investigated their endocrine function. Theca and granulosa cells were isolated from ovaries of 10-week-old rats. Two types of engineered ovarian cell spheroids were fabricated through forced aggregation in microwells, multilayered spheroids with centralized granulosa aggregates surrounded by an outer layer of theca cells and mixed ovarian spheroids lacking spatial rearrangement. The ovarian cell spheroids were encapsulated into a collagen gel. Non-aggregated ovarian cells served as controls. The endocrine function of the engineered ovarian spheroids was assessed over 30 days. The structure of the spheroids was well maintained during culture. The secretion of 17β-estradiol from both types of engineered ovarian cell spheroids was higher than in the control group and increased continuously in a time-dependent manner. Secretion of 17β-estradiol in the multi-layered ovarian cell spheroids was higher than in the non-layered constructs. Increased secretion of progesterone was detected in the multi-layered ovarian cell spheroids at day 5 of culture and was sustained during the culture period. The initial secretion level of progesterone in the non-layered ovarian cell spheroids was similar to those from the controls and increased significantly from days 21 to 30. An in vitro rat model of engineered ovarian cell spheroids was developed that was capable of secreting sex steroid hormones, indicating that the hormone secreting function of ovaries can be recapitulated ex vivo and potentially adapted for MHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Jae Jeon
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jong-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sik Choi
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Dong Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bundang Jeaseng General Hospital, 20, Seohyeon-ro 180beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seognam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13590, Republic of Korea
| | - Tracy Criswell
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - James J Yoo
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - John D Jackson
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
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4
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Smith AM, Senior JJ. Alginate Hydrogels with Tuneable Properties. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 178:37-61. [PMID: 33547500 DOI: 10.1007/10_2020_161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Alginate is a material that has many biomedical applications due to its low toxicity and a variety of favourable physical properties. In particular, the ease in which hydrogels are formed from alginate and the variety of mechanical behaviours that can be imparted on the hydrogels, by understanding alginate chemistry and intuitive design, has made alginate the most widely investigated polysaccharide used for tissue engineering. This chapter provides an overview of alginate, from how the source and natural variations in composition can influence mechanical properties of alginate hydrogels, through to some innovative techniques used to modify and functionalise the hydrogels designed specifically for cell-based therapies. The main focus is on how these strategies of understanding and controlling the chemistry of alginates have resulted in the development of hydrogels that can be tuned to deliver the physical behaviours required for successful application. This will also highlight how research on the physicochemical properties has helped alginate evolve from a structural polysaccharide in brown seaweed into a highly tuneable, multifunctional, smart biomaterial, which is likely to find further biomedical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan M Smith
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK.
| | - Jessica J Senior
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
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5
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Kang SM, Lee JH, Huh YS, Takayama S. Alginate Microencapsulation for Three-Dimensional In Vitro Cell Culture. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 7:2864-2879. [PMID: 34275299 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Advances in microscale 3D cell culture systems have helped to elucidate cellular physiology, understand mechanisms of stem cell differentiation, produce pathophysiological models, and reveal important cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. An important consideration for such studies is the choice of material for encapsulating cells and associated extracellular matrix (ECM). This Review focuses on the use of alginate hydrogels, which are versatile owing to their simple gelation process following an ionic cross-linking mechanism in situ, with no need for procedures that can be potentially toxic to cells, such as heating, the use of solvents, and UV exposure. This Review aims to give some perspectives, particularly to researchers who typically work more with poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), on the use of alginate as an alternative material to construct microphysiological cell culture systems. More specifically, this Review describes how physicochemical characteristics of alginate hydrogels can be tuned with regards to their biocompatibility, porosity, mechanical strength, ligand presentation, and biodegradability. A number of cell culture applications are also described, and these are subcategorized according to whether the alginate material is used to homogeneously embed cells, to micropattern multiple cellular microenvironments, or to provide an outer shell that creates a space in the core for cells and other ECM components. The Review ends with perspectives on future challenges and opportunities for 3D cell culture applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Min Kang
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, 30332, United States of America.,The Parker H Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30332, United States of America.,NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Lee
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, 30332, United States of America.,The Parker H Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30332, United States of America
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Shuichi Takayama
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, 30332, United States of America.,The Parker H Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30332, United States of America
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6
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Cooke ME, Jones SW, Ter Horst B, Moiemen N, Snow M, Chouhan G, Hill LJ, Esmaeli M, Moakes RJA, Holton J, Nandra R, Williams RL, Smith AM, Grover LM. Structuring of Hydrogels across Multiple Length Scales for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1705013. [PMID: 29430770 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of new materials for clinical use is limited by an onerous regulatory framework, which means that taking a completely new material into the clinic can make translation economically unfeasible. One way to get around this issue is to structure materials that are already approved by the regulator, such that they exhibit very distinct physical properties and can be used in a broader range of clinical applications. Here, the focus is on the structuring of soft materials at multiple length scales by modifying processing conditions. By applying shear to newly forming materials, it is possible to trigger molecular reorganization of polymer chains, such that they aggregate to form particles and ribbon-like structures. These structures then weakly interact at zero shear forming a solid-like material. The resulting self-healing network is of particular use for a range of different biomedical applications. How these materials are used to allow the delivery of therapeutic entities (cells and proteins) and as a support for additive layer manufacturing of larger-scale tissue constructs is discussed. This technology enables the development of a range of novel materials and structures for tissue augmentation and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Cooke
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, MRC Musculoskeletal Ageing Centre, QE Hospital, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Simon W Jones
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, MRC Musculoskeletal Ageing Centre, QE Hospital, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Britt Ter Horst
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Scar Free Foundation Centre for Burns Research, QE Hospital, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Naiem Moiemen
- Scar Free Foundation Centre for Burns Research, QE Hospital, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Martyn Snow
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Gurpreet Chouhan
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Lisa J Hill
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Maryam Esmaeli
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Richard J A Moakes
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - James Holton
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Rajpal Nandra
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Richard L Williams
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Alan M Smith
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Liam M Grover
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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7
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Goodarzi P, Falahzadeh K, Nematizadeh M, Farazandeh P, Payab M, Larijani B, Tayanloo Beik A, Arjmand B. Tissue Engineered Skin Substitutes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1107:143-188. [PMID: 29855826 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The fundamental skin role is to supply a supportive barrier to protect body against harmful agents and injuries. Three layers of skin including epidermis, dermis and hypodermis form a sophisticated tissue composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) mainly made of collagens and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) as a scaffold, different cell types such as keratinocytes, fibroblasts and functional cells embedded in the ECM. When the skin is injured, depends on its severity, the majority of mentioned components are recruited to wound regeneration. Additionally, different growth factors like fibroblast growth factor (FGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are needed to orchestrated wound healing process. In case of large surface area wounds, natural wound repair seems inefficient. Inspired by nature, scientists in tissue engineering field attempt to engineered constructs mimicking natural healing process to promote skin restoration in untreatable injuries. There are three main types of commercially available engineered skin substitutes including epidermal, dermal, and dermoepidermal. Each of them could be composed of scaffold, desired cell types or growth factors. These substitutes could have autologous, allogeneic, or xenogeneic origin. Moreover, they may be cellular or acellular. They are used to accelerate wound healing and recover normal skin functions with pain relief. Although there are a wide variety of commercially available skin substitutes, almost none of them considered as an ideal equivalents required for proper wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Goodarzi
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Falahzadeh
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Nematizadeh
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parham Farazandeh
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moloud Payab
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Tayanloo Beik
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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8
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Hunt NC, Hallam D, Karimi A, Mellough CB, Chen J, Steel DHW, Lako M. 3D culture of human pluripotent stem cells in RGD-alginate hydrogel improves retinal tissue development. Acta Biomater 2017; 49:329-343. [PMID: 27826002 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
No treatments exist to effectively treat many retinal diseases. Retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) and neural retina can be generated from human embryonic stem cells/induced pluripotent stem cells (hESCs/hiPSCs). The efficacy of current protocols is, however, limited. It was hypothesised that generation of laminated neural retina and/or RPE from hiPSCs/hESCs could be enhanced by three dimensional (3D) culture in hydrogels. hiPSC- and hESC-derived embryoid bodies (EBs) were encapsulated in 0.5% RGD-alginate; 1% RGD-alginate; hyaluronic acid (HA) or HA/gelatin hydrogels and maintained until day 45. Compared with controls (no gel), 0.5% RGD-alginate increased: the percentage of EBs with pigmented RPE foci; the percentage EBs with optic vesicles (OVs) and pigmented RPE simultaneously; the area covered by RPE; frequency of RPE cells (CRALBP+); expression of RPE markers (TYR and RPE65) and the retinal ganglion cell marker, MATH5. Furthermore, 0.5% RGD-alginate hydrogel encapsulation did not adversely affect the expression of other neural retina markers (PROX1, CRX, RCVRN, AP2α or VSX2) as determined by qRT-PCR, or the percentage of VSX2 positive cells as determined by flow cytometry. 1% RGD-alginate increased the percentage of EBs with OVs and/or RPE, but did not significantly influence any other measures of retinal differentiation. HA-based hydrogels had no significant effect on retinal tissue development. The results indicated that derivation of retinal tissue from hESCs/hiPSCs can be enhanced by culture in 0.5% RGD-alginate hydrogel. This RGD-alginate scaffold may be useful for derivation, transport and transplantation of neural retina and RPE, and may also enhance formation of other pigmented, neural or epithelial tissue. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The burden of retinal disease is ever growing with the increasing age of the world-wide population. Transplantation of retinal tissue derived from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) is considered a promising treatment. However, derivation of retinal tissue from PSCs using defined media is a lengthy process and often variable between different cell lines. This study indicated that alginate hydrogels enhanced retinal tissue development from PSCs, whereas hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels did not. This is the first study to show that 3D culture with a biomaterial scaffold can improve retinal tissue derivation from PSCs. These findings indicate potential for the clinical application of alginate hydrogels for the derivation and subsequent transplantation retinal tissue. This work may also have implications for the derivation of other pigmented, neural or epithelial tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola C Hunt
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK.
| | - Dean Hallam
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK.
| | - Ayesha Karimi
- Cumberland Infirmary, North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust, Carlisle CA2 7HY, UK
| | - Carla B Mellough
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK.
| | - Jinju Chen
- School of Mechanical & Systems Engineering, Stephenson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - David H W Steel
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK; Sunderland Eye Infirmary, Queen Alexandra Road, Sunderland SR2 9HP, UK.
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK.
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9
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Roberts SA, DiVito KA, Ligler FS, Adams AA, Daniele MA. Microvessel manifold for perfusion and media exchange in three-dimensional cell cultures. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:054109. [PMID: 27703595 PMCID: PMC5035297 DOI: 10.1063/1.4963145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Integrating a perfusable microvasculature system in vitro is a substantial challenge for "on-chip" tissue models. We have developed an inclusive on-chip platform that is capable of maintaining laminar flow through porous biosynthetic microvessels. The biomimetic microfluidic device is able to deliver and generate a steady perfusion of media containing small-molecule nutrients, drugs, and gases in three-dimensional cell cultures, while replicating flow-induced mechanical stimuli. Here, we characterize the diffusion of small molecules from the perfusate, across the microvessel wall, and into the matrix of a 3D cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Roberts
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering , U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave., Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Kyle A DiVito
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering , U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave., Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Frances S Ligler
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Dr., Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - André A Adams
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering , U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave., Washington, DC 20375, USA
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10
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Nicholas MN, Jeschke MG, Amini-Nik S. Methodologies in creating skin substitutes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:3453-72. [PMID: 27154041 PMCID: PMC4982839 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The creation of skin substitutes has significantly decreased morbidity and mortality of skin wounds. Although there are still a number of disadvantages of currently available skin substitutes, there has been a significant decline in research advances over the past several years in improving these skin substitutes. Clinically most skin substitutes used are acellular and do not use growth factors to assist wound healing, key areas of potential in this field of research. This article discusses the five necessary attributes of an ideal skin substitute. It comprehensively discusses the three major basic components of currently available skin substitutes: scaffold materials, growth factors, and cells, comparing and contrasting what has been used so far. It then examines a variety of techniques in how to incorporate these basic components together to act as a guide for further research in the field to create cellular skin substitutes with better clinical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew N Nicholas
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Room: M7-140, 2075 Bayview Ave., Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Marc G Jeschke
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Room: M7-140, 2075 Bayview Ave., Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Saeid Amini-Nik
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Room: M7-140, 2075 Bayview Ave., Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
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11
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Narayanan LK, Huebner P, Fisher MB, Spang JT, Starly B, Shirwaiker RA. 3D-Bioprinting of Polylactic Acid (PLA) Nanofiber–Alginate Hydrogel Bioink Containing Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:1732-1742. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Karthik Narayanan
- Edward
P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, 400 Daniels Hall, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Center
for Additive Manufacturing and Logistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Comparative
Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Pedro Huebner
- Edward
P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, 400 Daniels Hall, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Center
for Additive Manufacturing and Logistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Comparative
Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Matthew B. Fisher
- Comparative
Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Engineering Building
III, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Department
of Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jeffrey T. Spang
- Department
of Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Binil Starly
- Edward
P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, 400 Daniels Hall, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Center
for Additive Manufacturing and Logistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Comparative
Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Engineering Building
III, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Rohan A. Shirwaiker
- Edward
P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, 400 Daniels Hall, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Center
for Additive Manufacturing and Logistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Comparative
Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Engineering Building
III, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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Pustlauk W, Paul B, Gelinsky M, Bernhardt A. Jellyfish collagen and alginate: Combined marine materials for superior chondrogenesis of hMSC. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 64:190-198. [PMID: 27127044 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Marine, hybrid constructs of porous scaffolds from fibrillized jellyfish collagen and alginate hydrogel are mimicking both of the main tissue components of cartilage, thus being a promising approach for chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). Investigating their potential for articular cartilage repair, the present study examined scaffolds being either infiltrated with an alginate-cell-suspension (ACS) or seeded with hMSC and embedded in alginate after cell adhesion (EAS). Hybrid constructs with 2×10(5) and 4.5×10(5)hMSC/scaffold were compared to hMSC encapsulated in pure alginate discs, both chondrogenically stimulated for 21days. Typical round, chondrocyte-like morphology was observed in pure alginate gels and ACS scaffolds, while cells in EAS were elongated and tightly attached to the collagen pores. Col 2 gene expression was comparable in all scaffold types examined. However, the Col 2/Col 1 ratio was higher for pure alginate discs and ACS scaffolds compared to EAS. In contrast, cells in EAS scaffolds displayed higher gene expression of Sox 9, Col 11 and ACAN compared to ACS and pure alginate. Secretion of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG) was comparable for ACS and EAS scaffolds. In conclusion hybrid constructs of jellyfish collagen and alginate support hMSC chondrogenic differentiation and provide more stable and constructs compared to pure hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Pustlauk
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus of Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscher Str. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - B Paul
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus of Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscher Str. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus of Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscher Str. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - A Bernhardt
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus of Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscher Str. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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13
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Bohari SP, Grover LM, Hukins DW. Pulsed low-intensity ultrasound increases proliferation and extracelluar matrix production by human dermal fibroblasts in three-dimensional culture. J Tissue Eng 2015; 6:2041731415615777. [PMID: 26668710 PMCID: PMC4674020 DOI: 10.1177/2041731415615777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of pulsed low-intensity ultrasound on cell proliferation, collagen production and glycosaminoglycan deposition by human dermal fibroblasts encapsulated in alginate. Hoechst 33258 assay for cell number, hydroxyproline assay for collagen content, dimethylmethylene blue assay for glycosaminoglycan content and scanning electron microscopy were performed on the encapsulated cells treated with pulsed low-intensity ultrasound and a control group that remained untreated. Pulsed low-intensity ultrasound showed a significant effect on cell proliferation and collagen deposition but no consistent pattern for glycosaminoglycan content. Alcian blue staining showed that glycosaminoglycans were deposited around the cells in both treated and control groups. These results suggest that pulsed low-intensity ultrasound alone shows a positive effect on cell proliferation and collagen deposition even without growth factor supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Pm Bohari
- Faculty of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia ; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK ; School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Liam M Grover
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - David Wl Hukins
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Thankam FG, Muthu J. Alginate-polyester comacromer based hydrogels as physiochemically and biologically favorable entities for cardiac tissue engineering. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 457:52-61. [PMID: 26151567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The physiochemical and biological responses of tissue engineering hydrogels are crucial in determining their desired performance. A hybrid comacromer was synthesized by copolymerizing alginate and poly(mannitol fumarate-co-sebacate) (pFMSA). Three bimodal hydrogels pFMSA-AA, pFMSA-MA and pFMSA-NMBA were synthesized by crosslinking with Ca(2+) and vinyl monomers acrylic acid (AA), methacrylic acid (MA) and N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide (NMBA), respectively. Though all the hydrogels were cytocompatible and exhibited a normal cell cycle profile, pFMSA-AA exhibited superior physiochemical properties viz non-freezable water content (58.34%) and water absorption per unit mass (0.97 g water/g gel) and pore length (19.92±3.91 μm) in comparing with other two hydrogels. The increased non-freezable water content and water absorption of pFMSA-AA hydrogels greatly influenced its biological performance, which was evident from long-term viability assay and cell cycle proliferation. The physiochemical and biological favorability of pFMSA-AA hydrogels signifies its suitability for cardiac tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finosh G Thankam
- Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Polymer Science Division, BMT Wing, Thiruvananthapuram 695 012, Kerala State, India
| | - Jayabalan Muthu
- Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Polymer Science Division, BMT Wing, Thiruvananthapuram 695 012, Kerala State, India.
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Wieduwild R, Krishnan S, Chwalek K, Boden A, Nowak M, Drechsel D, Werner C, Zhang Y. Noncovalent Hydrogel Beads as Microcarriers for Cell Culture. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:3962-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201411400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Wieduwild R, Krishnan S, Chwalek K, Boden A, Nowak M, Drechsel D, Werner C, Zhang Y. Noncovalent Hydrogel Beads as Microcarriers for Cell Culture. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201411400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Rokstad AMA, Lacík I, de Vos P, Strand BL. Advances in biocompatibility and physico-chemical characterization of microspheres for cell encapsulation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 67-68:111-30. [PMID: 23876549 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell encapsulation has already shown its high potential and holds the promise for future cell therapies to enter the clinics as a large scale treatment option for various types of diseases. The advancement in cell biology towards this goal has to be complemented with functional biomaterials suitable for cell encapsulation. This cannot be achieved without understanding the close correlation between cell performance and properties of microspheres. The ongoing challenges in the field of cell encapsulation require a critical view on techniques and approaches currently utilized to characterize microspheres. This review deals with both principal subjects of microspheres characterization in the cell encapsulation field: physico-chemical characterization and biocompatibility. The up-to-day knowledge is summarized and discussed with the focus to identify missing knowledge and uncertainties, and to propose the mandatory next steps in characterization of microspheres for cell encapsulation. The primary conclusion of this review is that further success in development of microspheres for cell therapies cannot be accomplished without careful selection of characterization techniques, which are employed in conjunction with biological tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Mari A Rokstad
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Prinsesse Kristinasgt. 1, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway; The Central Norway Health Authority (RHA), Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Igor Lacík
- Department for Biomaterials Research, Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA11, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Berit L Strand
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Prinsesse Kristinasgt. 1, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Biotechnology, NTNU, Sem Saelandsvei 6/8, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway; The Central Norway Health Authority (RHA), Trondheim, Norway.
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Olderøy MØ, Lilledahl MB, Beckwith MS, Melvik JE, Reinholt F, Sikorski P, Brinchmann JE. Biochemical and structural characterization of neocartilage formed by mesenchymal stem cells in alginate hydrogels. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91662. [PMID: 24626259 PMCID: PMC3953515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A popular approach to make neocartilage in vitro is to immobilize cells with chondrogenic potential in hydrogels. However, functional cartilage cannot be obtained by control of cells only, as function of cartilage is largely dictated by architecture of extracellular matrix (ECM). Therefore, characterization of the cells, coupled with structural and biochemical characterization of ECM, is essential in understanding neocartilage assembly to create functional implants in vitro. We focused on mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) immobilized in alginate hydrogels, and used immunohistochemistry (IHC) and gene expression analysis combined with advanced microscopy techniques to describe properties of cells and distribution and organization of the forming ECM. In particular, we used second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy and focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM) to study distribution and assembly of collagen. Samples with low cell seeding density (1e7 MSC/ml) showed type II collagen molecules distributed evenly through the hydrogel. However, SHG microscopy clearly indicated only pericellular localization of assembled fibrils. Their distribution was improved in hydrogels seeded with 5e7 MSC/ml. In those samples, FIB/SEM with nm resolution was used to visualize distribution of collagen fibrils in a three dimensional network extending from the pericellular region into the ECM. In addition, distribution of enzymes involved in procollagen processing were investigated in the alginate hydrogel by IHC. It was discovered that, at high cell seeding density, procollagen processing and fibril assembly was also occurring far away from the cell surface, indicating sufficient transport of procollagen and enzymes in the intercellular space. At lower cell seeding density, the concentration of enzymes involved in procollagen processing was presumably too low. FIB/SEM and SHG microscopy combined with IHC localization of specific proteins were shown to provide meaningful insight into ECM assembly of neocartilage, which will lead to better understanding of cartilage formation and development of new tissue engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Ø. Olderøy
- The Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Magnus B. Lilledahl
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | | | - Finn Reinholt
- Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pawel Sikorski
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan E. Brinchmann
- The Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Lin HY, Peng CW, Wu WW. Fibrous hydrogel scaffolds with cells embedded in the fibers as a potential tissue scaffold for skin repair. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2014; 25:259-269. [PMID: 24101186 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-5065-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach was undertaken to create a potential skin wound dressing. L929 fibroblast cells and alginate solution were simultaneously dispensed into a calcium chloride solution using a three-dimensional plotting system to manufacture a fibrous alginate scaffold with interconnected pores. These cells were then embedded in the alginate hydrogel fibers of the scaffold. A conventional scaffold with cells directly seeded on the fiber surface was used as a control. The encapsulated fibroblasts made using the co-dispensing method distributed homogeneously within the scaffold and showed the delayed formation of large cell aggregates compared to the control. The cells embedded in the hydrogel fibers also deposited more type I collagen in the extracellular matrix and expressed higher levels of fgf11 and fn1 than the control, indicating increased cellular proliferation and attachment. The results indicate that the novel co-dispensing alginate scaffold may promote skin regeneration better than the conventional directly-seeded scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yi Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, 1, Sec 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei, 106, Taiwan,
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