1
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Rising A, Harrington MJ. Biological Materials Processing: Time-Tested Tricks for Sustainable Fiber Fabrication. Chem Rev 2023; 123:2155-2199. [PMID: 36508546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to improve the sustainability of the materials we produce and use. Here, we explore what humans can learn from nature about how to sustainably fabricate polymeric fibers with excellent material properties by reviewing the physical and chemical aspects of materials processing distilled from diverse model systems, including spider silk, mussel byssus, velvet worm slime, hagfish slime, and mistletoe viscin. We identify common and divergent strategies, highlighting the potential for bioinspired design and technology transfer. Despite the diversity of the biopolymeric fibers surveyed, we identify several common strategies across multiple systems, including: (1) use of stimuli-responsive biomolecular building blocks, (2) use of concentrated fluid precursor phases (e.g., coacervates and liquid crystals) stored under controlled chemical conditions, and (3) use of chemical (pH, salt concentration, redox chemistry) and physical (mechanical shear, extensional flow) stimuli to trigger the transition from fluid precursor to solid material. Importantly, because these materials largely form and function outside of the body of the organisms, these principles can more easily be transferred for bioinspired design in synthetic systems. We end the review by discussing ongoing efforts and challenges to mimic biological model systems, with a particular focus on artificial spider silks and mussel-inspired materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rising
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 141 52, Sweden.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala 750 07, Sweden
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2
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Youssef L, Renner-Rao M, Eren ED, Jehle F, Harrington MJ. Fabrication of Tunable Mechanical Gradients by Mussels via Bottom-Up Self-Assembly of Collagenous Precursors. ACS NANO 2023; 17:2294-2305. [PMID: 36657382 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Functionally graded interfaces are prominent in biological tissues and are used to mitigate stress concentrations at junctions between mechanically dissimilar components. Biological mechanical gradients serve as important role models for bioinspired design in technically and biomedically relevant applications. However, this necessitates elucidating exactly how natural gradients mitigate mechanical mismatch and how such gradients are fabricated. Here, we applied a cross-disciplinary experimental approach to understand structure, function, and formation of mechanical gradients in byssal threads─collagen-based fibers used by marine mussels to anchor on hard surfaces. The proximal end of threads is approximately 50-fold less stiff and twice as extensible as the distal end. However, the hierarchical structure of the distal-proximal junction is still not fully elucidated, and it is unclear how it is formed. Using tensile testing coupled with video extensometry, confocal Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy on native threads, we identified a continuous graded transition in mechanics, composition, and nanofibrillar morphology, which extends several hundreds of microns and which can vary significantly between individual threads. Furthermore, we performed in vitro fiber assembly experiments using purified secretory vesicles from the proximal and distal regions of the secretory glands (which contain different precursor proteins), revealing spontaneous self-assembly of distinctive distal- and proximal-like fiber morphologies. Aside from providing fundamental insights into the byssus structure, function, and fabrication, our findings reveal key design principles for bioinspired design of functionally graded polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Youssef
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Max Renner-Rao
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Egemen Deniz Eren
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Franziska Jehle
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Matthew J Harrington
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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3
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Areyano M, Valois E, Sanchez Carvajal I, Rajkovic I, Wonderly WR, Kossa A, McMeeking RM, Waite JH. Viscoelastic analysis of mussel threads reveals energy dissipative mechanisms. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20210828. [PMID: 35317655 PMCID: PMC8941394 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mussels use byssal threads to secure themselves to rocks and as shock absorbers during cyclic loading from wave motion. Byssal threads combine high strength and toughness with extensibility of nearly 200%. Researchers attribute tensile properties of byssal threads to their elaborate multi-domain collagenous protein cores. Because the elastic properties have been previously scrutinized, we instead examined byssal thread viscoelastic behaviour, which is essential for withstanding cyclic loading. By targeting protein domains in the collagenous core via chemical treatments, stress relaxation experiments provided insights on domain contributions and were coupled with in situ small-angle X-ray scattering to investigate relaxation-specific molecular reorganizations. Results show that when silk-like domains in the core were disrupted, the stress relaxation of the threads decreased by nearly 50% and lateral molecular spacing also decreased, suggesting that these domains are essential for energy dissipation and assume a compressed molecular rearrangement when disrupted. A generalized Maxwell model was developed to describe the stress relaxation response. The model predicts that maximal damping (energy dissipation) occurs at around 0.1 Hz which closely resembles the wave frequency along the California coast and implies that these materials may be well adapted to the cyclic loading of the ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Areyano
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Eric Valois
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering Graduate Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Ismael Sanchez Carvajal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Ivan Rajkovic
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - William R. Wonderly
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Attila Kossa
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Robert M. McMeeking
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- School of Engineering, University of Aberdeen, King's College, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrucken, Germany
| | - J. Herbert Waite
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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Diverse silk and silk-like proteins derived from terrestrial and marine organisms and their applications. Acta Biomater 2021; 136:56-71. [PMID: 34551332 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Organisms develop unique systems in a given environment. In the process of adaptation, they employ materials in a clever way, which has inspired mankind extensively. Understanding the behavior and material properties of living organisms provides a way to emulate these natural systems and engineer various materials. Silk is a material that has been with human for over 5000 years, and the success of mass production of silkworm silk has realized its applications to medical, pharmaceutical, optical, and even electronic fields. Spider silk, which was characterized later, has expanded the application sectors to textile and military materials based on its tough mechanical properties. Because silk proteins are main components of these materials and there are abundant creatures producing silks that have not been studied, the introduction of new silk proteins would be a breakthrough of engineering materials to open innovative industry fields. Therefore, in this review, we present diverse silk and silk-like proteins and how they are utilized with respect to organism's survival. Here, the range of organisms are not constrained to silkworms and spiders but expanded to other insects, and even marine creatures which produce silk-like proteins that are not observed in terrestrial silks. This viewpoint broadening of silk and silk-like proteins would suggest diverse targets of engineering to design promising silk-based materials. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Silk has been developed as a biomedical material due to unique mechanical and chemical properties. For decades, silks from various silkworm and spider species have been intensively studied. More recently, other silk and silk-like proteins with different sequences and structures have been reported, not only limited to terrestrial organisms (honeybee, green lacewing, caddisfly, and ant), but also from marine creatures (mussel, squid, sea anemone, and pearl oyster). Nevertheless, there has hardly been well-organized literature on silks from such organisms. Regarding the relationship among sequence-structure-properties, this review addresses how silks have been utilized with respect to organism's survival. Finally, this information aims to improve the understanding of diverse silk and silk-like proteins which can offer a significant interest to engineering fields.
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Waite JH, Harrington MJ. Following the thread: Mytilus mussel byssus as an inspired multi-functional biomaterial. CAN J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2021-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 15 years, the byssus of marine mussels (Mytilus spp.) has emerged as an important model system for the bio-inspired development and synthesis of advanced polymers and adhesives. But how did these seemingly inconsequential fibers that are routinely discarded in mussel hors d’oeuvres become the focus of intense international research. In the present review, we take a historical perspective to understand this phenomenon. Our purpose is not to review the sizeable literature of mussel-inspired materials, as there are numerous excellent reviews that cover this topic in great depth. Instead, we explore how the byssus became a magnet for bio-inspired materials science, with a focus on the specific breakthroughs in the understanding of composition, structure, function, and formation of the byssus achieved through fundamental scientific investigation. Extracted principles have led to bio-inspired design of novel materials with both biomedical and technical applications, including surgical adhesives, self-healing polymers, tunable hydrogels, and even actuated composites. Continued study into the byssus of Mytilid mussels and other species will provide a rich source of inspiration for years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Herbert Waite
- Marine Sciences Institute, Lagoon Road, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Matthew J. Harrington
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
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Jehle F, Priemel T, Strauss M, Fratzl P, Bertinetti L, Harrington MJ. Collagen Pentablock Copolymers Form Smectic Liquid Crystals as Precursors for Mussel Byssus Fabrication. ACS NANO 2021; 15:6829-6838. [PMID: 33793207 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Protein-based biological materials are important role models for the design and fabrication of next generation advanced polymers. Marine mussels (Mytilus spp.) fabricate hierarchically structured collagenous fibers known as byssal threads via bottom-up supramolecular assembly of fluid protein precursors. The high degree of structural organization in byssal threads is intimately linked to their exceptional toughness and self-healing capacity. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that multidomain collagen precursor proteins, known as preCols, are stored in secretory vesicles as a colloidal liquid crystal (LC) phase prior to thread self-assembly. Using advanced electron microscopy methods, including scanning TEM and FIB-SEM, we visualized the detailed smectic preCol LC nanostructure in 3D, including various LC defects, confirming this hypothesis and providing quantitative insights into the mesophase structure. In light of these findings, we performed an in-depth comparative analysis of preCol protein sequences from multiple Mytilid species revealing that the smectic organization arises from an evolutionarily conserved ABCBA pentablock copolymer-like primary structure based on demarcations in hydropathy and charge distribution as well as terminal pH-responsive domains that trigger fiber formation. These distilled supramolecular assembly principles provide inspiration and strategies for sustainable assembly of nanostructured polymeric materials for potential applications in engineering and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Jehle
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tobias Priemel
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Mike Strauss
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Luca Bertinetti
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- BCUBE Center for Molecular Bioengineering, TU Dresden, Tatzberg 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthew J Harrington
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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7
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Sansoucy M, Tremblay R, Carrington E, Marcotte I, Sleno L. Investigating Byssogenesis with Proteomic Analysis of Byssus, Foot, and Mantle in Mytilus Mussels by LC-MS/MS. Proteomics 2020; 21:e2000014. [PMID: 32910497 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mussel byssus represents a fascinating class of biological materials with a unique capacity to adhere onto virtually any solid surface. Proteins expressed in byssus, the byssal-producing organ (foot) as well as mantle tissue from Mytilus edulis or Mytilus californianus are analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The mantle is used as a control tissue to pinpoint unique proteins from the foot samples potentially involved in byssogenesis. This work represents an important step towards identifying biologically important proteins expressed in foot, as well as extending knowledge on the byssus proteome. Considering the minimal proteomics data of the studied species, this data also contributes to a more complete description of M. edulis and M. californianus proteomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Sansoucy
- Chemistry Department, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Downtown Station, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Réjean Tremblay
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Emily Carrington
- Department of Biology and Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, 620 University Road, Friday Harbor, WA, 98250, USA
| | - Isabelle Marcotte
- Chemistry Department, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Downtown Station, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Lekha Sleno
- Chemistry Department, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Downtown Station, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
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8
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Guo Q, Chen J, Wang J, Zeng H, Yu J. Recent progress in synthesis and application of mussel-inspired adhesives. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:1307-1324. [PMID: 31907498 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09780e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The rapid and robust adhesion of marine mussels to diverse solid surfaces in wet environments is mediated by the secreted mussel adhesive proteins which are abundant in a catecholic amino acid, l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (Dopa). Over the last two decades, enormous efforts have been devoted to the development of synthetic mussel-inspired adhesives with water-resistant adhesion and cohesion properties by modifying polymer systems with Dopa and its analogues. In the present review, an overview of the unique features of various mussel foot proteins is provided in combination with an up-to-date understanding of catechol chemistry, which contributes to the strong interfacial binding via balancing a variety of covalent and noncovalent interactions including oxidative cross-linking, electrostatic interaction, metal-catechol coordination, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions and π-π/cation-π interactions. The recent developments of novel Dopa-containing adhesives with on-demand mechanical properties and other functionalities are then summarized under four broad categories: viscous coacervated adhesives, soft adhesive hydrogels, smart adhesives, and stiff adhesive polyesters, where their emerging applications in engineering, biological and biomedical fields are discussed. Limitations of the developed adhesives are identified and future research perspectives in this field are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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9
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Wang C, Zhang S, Zhang L, Xu Y, Zhang L. Evading the strength–ductility trade-off dilemma of rigid thermosets by incorporating triple cross-links of varying strengths. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00928h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new class of rigid thermosets with simultaneously enhanced strengths and ductilities have been successfully designed and synthesised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Research Center of Laser Fusion
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang
- P. R. China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Research Center of Laser Fusion
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang
- P. R. China
| | - Longfei Zhang
- Research Center of Laser Fusion
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials & School of Material Science and Engineering & National Engineering Technology Center for Insulation Materials
| | - Yewei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials & School of Material Science and Engineering & National Engineering Technology Center for Insulation Materials
- Southwest University of Science and Technology
- Mianyang
- P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Research Center of Laser Fusion
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang
- P. R. China
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10
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Zechel S, Hager MD, Priemel T, Harrington MJ. Healing through Histidine: Bioinspired Pathways to Self-Healing Polymers via Imidazole⁻Metal Coordination. Biomimetics (Basel) 2019; 4:E20. [PMID: 31105205 PMCID: PMC6477608 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics4010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Biology offers a valuable inspiration toward the development of self-healing engineering composites and polymers. In particular, chemical level design principles extracted from proteinaceous biopolymers, especially the mussel byssus, provide inspiration for design of autonomous and intrinsic healing in synthetic polymers. The mussel byssus is an acellular tissue comprised of extremely tough protein-based fibers, produced by mussels to secure attachment on rocky surfaces. Threads exhibit self-healing response following an apparent plastic yield event, recovering initial material properties in a time-dependent fashion. Recent biochemical analysis of the structure-function relationships defining this response reveal a key role of sacrificial cross-links based on metal coordination bonds between Zn2+ ions and histidine amino acid residues. Inspired by this example, many research groups have developed self-healing polymeric materials based on histidine (imidazole)-metal chemistry. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of the current understanding of the self-healing mechanism in byssal threads, and an overview of the current state of the art in histidine- and imidazole-based synthetic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Zechel
- Laboratory for Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Martin D Hager
- Laboratory for Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Tobias Priemel
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada.
| | - Matthew J Harrington
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada.
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11
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Trapaidze A, D'Antuono M, Fratzl P, Harrington MJ. Exploring mussel byssus fabrication with peptide-polymer hybrids: Role of pH and metal coordination in self-assembly and mechanics of histidine-rich domains. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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12
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Harrington MJ, Jehle F, Priemel T. Mussel Byssus Structure‐Function and Fabrication as Inspiration for Biotechnological Production of Advanced Materials. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:e1800133. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Harrington
- Department of BiomaterialsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesPotsdam14424Germany
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University801 Sherbrooke Street WestMontreal H3A 0B8QuebecCanada
| | - Franziska Jehle
- Department of BiomaterialsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesPotsdam14424Germany
| | - Tobias Priemel
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University801 Sherbrooke Street WestMontreal H3A 0B8QuebecCanada
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13
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Wang J, Scheibel T. Recombinant Production of Mussel Byssus Inspired Proteins. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:e1800146. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Lehrstuhl BiomaterialienUniversität BayreuthUniversitätsstraße 3095440BayreuthGermany
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- Lehrstuhl BiomaterialienUniversität BayreuthUniversitätsstraße 3095440BayreuthGermany
- Forschungszentrum für Bio‐Makromoleküle (BIOmac)Universität BayreuthBayreuthGermany
- Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide und Grenzflächen (BZKG)Universität BayreuthBayreuthGermany
- Bayreuther Materialzentrum (BayMat)Universität BayreuthBayreuthGermany
- Bayreuther Zentrum für Molekulare Biowissenschaften (BZMB)Universität BayreuthBayreuthGermany
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14
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Pasche D, Horbelt N, Marin F, Motreuil S, Macías-Sánchez E, Falini G, Hwang DS, Fratzl P, Harrington MJ. A new twist on sea silk: the peculiar protein ultrastructure of fan shell and pearl oyster byssus. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:5654-5664. [PMID: 29946583 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00821c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Numerous mussel species produce byssal threads - tough proteinaceous fibers, which anchor mussels in aquatic habitats. Byssal threads from Mytilus species, which are comprised of modified collagen proteins - have become a veritable archetype for bio-inspired polymers due to their self-healing properties. However, threads from different species are comparatively much less understood. In particular, the byssus of Pinna nobilis comprises thousands of fine fibers utilized by humans for millennia to fashion lightweight golden fabrics known as sea silk. P. nobilis is very different from Mytilus from an ecological, morphological and evolutionary point of view and it stands to reason that the structure-function relationships of its byssus are distinct. Here, we performed compositional analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to investigate byssal threads of P. nobilis, as well as a closely related bivalve species (Atrina pectinata) and a distantly related one (Pinctada fucata). This comparative investigation revealed that all three threads share a similar molecular superstructure comprised of globular proteins organized helically into nanofibrils, which is completely distinct from the Mytilus thread ultrastructure, and more akin to the supramolecular organization of bacterial pili and F-actin. This unexpected discovery hints at a possible divergence in byssus evolution in Pinnidae mussels, perhaps related to selective pressures in their respective ecological niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Pasche
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14424, Germany.
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15
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Byette F, Marcotte I, Pellerin C. Covalently crosslinked mussel byssus protein-based materials with tunable properties. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Byette
- Département de Chimie; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec H3C 3J7 Canada
- Département de Chimie; Université du Québec à Montréal; Montréal Québec H3C 3P8 Canada
| | - Isabelle Marcotte
- Département de Chimie; Université du Québec à Montréal; Montréal Québec H3C 3P8 Canada
| | - Christian Pellerin
- Département de Chimie; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec H3C 3J7 Canada
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16
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Priemel T, Degtyar E, Dean MN, Harrington MJ. Rapid self-assembly of complex biomolecular architectures during mussel byssus biofabrication. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14539. [PMID: 28262668 PMCID: PMC5343498 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-based biogenic materials provide important inspiration for the development of high-performance polymers. The fibrous mussel byssus, for instance, exhibits exceptional wet adhesion, abrasion resistance, toughness and self-healing capacity–properties that arise from an intricate hierarchical organization formed in minutes from a fluid secretion of over 10 different protein precursors. However, a poor understanding of this dynamic biofabrication process has hindered effective translation of byssus design principles into synthetic materials. Here, we explore mussel byssus assembly in Mytilus edulis using a synergistic combination of histological staining and confocal Raman microspectroscopy, enabling in situ tracking of specific proteins during induced thread formation from soluble precursors to solid fibres. Our findings reveal critical insights into this complex biological manufacturing process, showing that protein precursors spontaneously self-assemble into complex architectures, while maturation proceeds in subsequent regulated steps. Beyond their biological importance, these findings may guide development of advanced materials with biomedical and industrial relevance. Mussels attach to rocks using a byssus, which possesses unique properties of adhesion, toughness and self-healing. Here, the authors explore the fabrication process of mussel byssus demonstrating the self-assembly of specific proteins into multi-scale organized structures using artificially induced byssus threads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Priemel
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Elena Degtyar
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Mason N Dean
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Matthew J Harrington
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
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17
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Abstract
Robust adhesion to wet, salt-encrusted, corroded and slimy surfaces has been an essential adaptation in the life histories of sessile marine organisms for hundreds of millions of years, but it remains a major impasse for technology. Mussel adhesion has served as one of many model systems providing a fundamental understanding of what is required for attachment to wet surfaces. Most polymer engineers have focused on the use of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-l-alanine (Dopa), a peculiar but abundant catecholic amino acid in mussel adhesive proteins. The premise of this Review is that although Dopa does have the potential for diverse cohesive and adhesive interactions, these will be difficult to achieve in synthetic homologs without a deeper knowledge of mussel biology; that is, how, at different length and time scales, mussels regulate the reactivity of their adhesive proteins. To deposit adhesive proteins onto target surfaces, the mussel foot creates an insulated reaction chamber with extreme reaction conditions such as low pH, low ionic strength and high reducing poise. These conditions enable adhesive proteins to undergo controlled fluid-fluid phase separation, surface adsorption and spreading, microstructure formation and, finally, solidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Herbert Waite
- Marine Sciences Institute, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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18
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Bouhlel Z, Genard B, Ibrahim N, Carrington E, Babarro JMF, Lok A, Flores AAV, Pellerin C, Tremblay R, Marcotte I. Interspecies comparison of the mechanical properties and biochemical composition of byssal threads. J Exp Biol 2017; 220:984-994. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.141440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Several bivalve species produce byssus threads to provide attachment to substrates, with mechanical properties highly variable among species. Here, we examined the distal section of byssal threads produced by a range of bivalve species (Mytilus edulis, Mytilus trossulus, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Mytilus californianus, Pinna nobilis, Perna perna, Xenostrobus securis, Brachidontes solisianus and Isognomon bicolor) collected from different nearshore environments. Morphological and mechanical properties were measured, and biochemical analyses were performed. Multivariate redundancy analyses on mechanical properties revealed that byssal threads of M. californianus, M. galloprovincialis and P. nobilis have very distinct mechanical behaviors compared to the remaining species. Extensibility, strength and force were the main variables separating these species groups, which were highest for M. californianus and lowest for P. nobilis. Furthermore, the analysis of the amino acid composition revealed that I. bicolor and P. nobilis threads are significantly different from the other species, suggesting a different underlying structural strategy. Determination of metal contents showed that the individual concentration of inorganic elements varies but that the dominant elements are conserved between species. Altogether, this bivalve species comparison suggests some molecular bases for the biomechanical characteristics of byssal fibers that may reflect phylogenetic limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeineb Bouhlel
- Institut des Science de la Mer, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec, G5L 3A1 Canada
| | - Bertrand Genard
- Département de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8 Canada
| | - Neilly Ibrahim
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Emily Carrington
- Department of Biology and Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, 620 University Road, Friday Harbor, Washington 98250, USA
| | - José M. F. Babarro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas CSIC, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - Aynur Lok
- Aynur Lok, Ege University, Faculty of Fisheries, Genclik Caddesi No: 1235040 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Augusto A. V. Flores
- Centro de biologia marinha, Universidade de São Paulo, Rod, Maniel Hipólito, do Rego, São Sebastião, SP, 11600-000, Brazil
| | - Christian Pellerin
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Réjean Tremblay
- Institut des Science de la Mer, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec, G5L 3A1 Canada
| | - Isabelle Marcotte
- Département de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8 Canada
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19
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Reinecke A, Bertinetti L, Fratzl P, Harrington MJ. Cooperative behavior of a sacrificial bond network and elastic framework in providing self-healing capacity in mussel byssal threads. J Struct Biol 2016; 196:329-339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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In-Cell Solid-State NMR: An Emerging Technique for the Study of Biological Membranes. Biophys J 2016; 109:2461-2466. [PMID: 26682804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological molecular processes are often studied in model systems, which simplifies their inherent complexity but may cause investigators to lose sight of the effects of the molecular environment. Information obtained in this way must therefore be validated by experiments in the cell. NMR has been used to study biological cells since the early days of its development. The first NMR structural studies of a protein inside a cell (by solution-state NMR) and of a membrane protein (by solid-state NMR) were published in 2001 and 2011, respectively. More recently, dynamic nuclear polarization, which has been used to enhance the signal in solid-state NMR, has also been applied to the study of frozen cells. Much progress has been made in the past 5 years, and in this review we take stock of this new technique, which is particularly appropriate for the study of biological membranes.
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21
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Nagananda GS, Suryan S, Reddy N. Extraordinary structure and properties of mussel byssus protein fibers. BIOINSPIRED BIOMIMETIC AND NANOBIOMATERIALS 2016. [DOI: 10.1680/jbibn.15.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A naturally available single protein fiber that is stiff and strong at one end but at the same time highly flexible with moderate strength at the other end is quite exceptional. Such exceptional protein fibers called byssus threads are produced by mussels. A unique arrangement of collagen proteins along the length of the fibers and a specific amount and distribution of the β-sheet and α-helix regions provide extraordinary properties to byssus threads. Due to the unique configuration of the threads and a distinct adhesive plaque, mussels are able to adhere to substrates and withstand large amounts of external forces. However, significant variations in composition and tensile properties exist between the mussels threads obtained from different species and even along the length of a single byssal thread. Similarly, environmental conditions such as the presence of salt water and chemicals affect the properties of the fibers. Extensive studies have been done to understand the composition, the structure and the properties of the byssal threads. This review provides an insight into the unique structure and properties of the byssal threads and discusses the potential of developing biomimetic materials based on the mussel byssal threads.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. S. Nagananda
- Center for Emerging Technologies, Jain University, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sandeep Suryan
- Center for Emerging Technologies, Jain University, Bengaluru, India
| | - Narendra Reddy
- Center for Emerging Technologies, Jain University, Bengaluru, India
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22
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Wong VWC, Reid DG, Chow WY, Rajan R, Green M, Brooks RA, Duer MJ. Preparation of highly and generally enriched mammalian tissues for solid state NMR. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2015; 63:119-123. [PMID: 26407607 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-015-9977-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An appreciable level of isotope labelling is essential for future NMR structure elucidation of mammalian biomaterials, which are either poorly expressed, or unexpressable, using micro-organisms. We present a detailed protocol for high level (13)C enrichment even in slow turnover murine biomaterials (fur keratin), using a customized diet supplemented with commercial labelled algal hydrolysate and formulated as a gel to minimize wastage, which female mice consumed during pregnancy and lactation. This procedure produced approximately eightfold higher fur keratin labelling in pups, exposed in utero and throughout life to label, than in adults exposed for the same period, showing both the effectiveness, and necessity, of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David G Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Wing Ying Chow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Rakesh Rajan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Maggie Green
- Central Biomedical Resources, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, West Forvie Building, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Roger A Brooks
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Melinda J Duer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
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23
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Schmitt CNZ, Politi Y, Reinecke A, Harrington MJ. Role of Sacrificial Protein–Metal Bond Exchange in Mussel Byssal Thread Self-Healing. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:2852-61. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clemens N. Z. Schmitt
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14424, Germany
| | - Yael Politi
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14424, Germany
| | - Antje Reinecke
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14424, Germany
| | - Matthew J. Harrington
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14424, Germany
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24
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25
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Degtyar E, Harrington MJ, Politi Y, Fratzl P. Die Bedeutung von Metallionen für die mechanischen Eigenschaften von Biomaterialien auf Proteinbasis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201404272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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26
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Degtyar E, Harrington MJ, Politi Y, Fratzl P. The Mechanical Role of Metal Ions in Biogenic Protein-Based Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:12026-44. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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27
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Byette F, Pellerin C, Marcotte I. Self-assembled pH-responsive films prepared from mussel anchoring threads. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:6378-6386. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01021c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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28
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Hagenau A, Suhre MH, Scheibel TR. Nature as a blueprint for polymer material concepts: Protein fiber-reinforced composites as holdfasts of mussels. Prog Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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29
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Heim M, Elsner MB, Scheibel T. Lipid-Specific β-Sheet Formation in a Mussel Byssus Protein Domain. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:3238-45. [DOI: 10.1021/bm400860y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Heim
- Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften,
Lehrstuhl Biomaterialien, †Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide und Grenzflächen
(BZKG), ‡Institut
für Bio-Makromoleküle (bio-mac), §Bayreuther Zentrum für Molekulare
Biowissenschaften (BZMB), ∥Bayreuther Materialzentrum (BayMAT), Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße
30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Martina B. Elsner
- Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften,
Lehrstuhl Biomaterialien, †Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide und Grenzflächen
(BZKG), ‡Institut
für Bio-Makromoleküle (bio-mac), §Bayreuther Zentrum für Molekulare
Biowissenschaften (BZMB), ∥Bayreuther Materialzentrum (BayMAT), Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße
30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften,
Lehrstuhl Biomaterialien, †Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide und Grenzflächen
(BZKG), ‡Institut
für Bio-Makromoleküle (bio-mac), §Bayreuther Zentrum für Molekulare
Biowissenschaften (BZMB), ∥Bayreuther Materialzentrum (BayMAT), Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße
30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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