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Saxe F, Weichold S, Reinecke A, Lisec J, Döring A, Neumetzler L, Burgert I, Eder M. Age Effects on Hypocotyl Mechanics. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167808. [PMID: 27977698 PMCID: PMC5158002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies deal with composition and molecular processes involved in primary cell wall formation and alteration in Arabidopsis. However, it still remains difficult to assess the relation between physiological properties and mechanical function at the cell wall level. The thin and fragile structure of primary cell walls and their large biological variability, partly related to structural changes during growth, make mechanical experiments challenging. Since, to the best of our knowledge, there is no reliable data in the literature about how the properties of the fully elongated zone of hypocotyls change with age. We studied in a series of experiments on two different seed batches the tensile properties the region below the growth zone of 4 to 7 day old etiolated Arabidopsis hypocotyls. Additionally, we analysed geometrical parameters, hypocotyl density and cellulose content as individual traits and their relation to tissue mechanics. No significant differences of the mechanical parameters of the non-growing region between 5–7 day old plants could be found whereas in 4 day old plants both tensile stiffness and ultimate tensile stress were significantly lower than in the older plants. Furthermore hypocotyl diameters and densities remain almost the same for 5, 6 and 7 day old seedlings. Naturally, hypocotyl lengths increase with age. The evaluation whether the choice–age or length—influences the mechanical properties showed that both are equally applicable sampling parameters. Additionally, our detailed study allows for the estimation of biological variability, connections between mechanics and hypocotyl age could be established and complement the knowledge on biochemistry and genetics affecting primary plant cell wall growth. The application of two different micromechanical devices for testing living Arabidopsis hypocotyls allows for emphasizing and discussing experimental limitations and for presenting a wide range of possibilities to address current and future questions related to plant cell wall mechanics, synthesis and growth in combination with molecular biology methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Saxe
- Department of Biomaterials, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence »Image Knowledge Gestaltung«, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail: (FS); (ME)
| | - Susann Weichold
- Department of Biomaterials, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Antje Reinecke
- Department of Biomaterials, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jan Lisec
- Plant Cell Wall Group, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
- Charite´-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum (MKFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Anett Döring
- Plant Cell Wall Group, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
- targenomix GmbH, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Lutz Neumetzler
- Plant Cell Wall Group, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ingo Burgert
- Department of Biomaterials, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Building Materials, Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
- Applied Wood Materials Laboratory, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Michaela Eder
- Department of Biomaterials, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
- * E-mail: (FS); (ME)
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Reinecke A, Bertinetti L, Fratzl P, Harrington MJ. Cooperative behavior of a sacrificial bond network and elastic framework in providing self-healing capacity in mussel byssal threads. J Struct Biol 2016; 196:329-339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Hernekamp JF, Reinecke A, Neubrech F, Bickert B, Kneser U, Kremer T. Four-corner fusion: comparison of patient satisfaction and functional outcome of conventional K-wire technique vs. a new locking plate. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2016; 136:571-8. [PMID: 26914332 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-016-2416-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Four-corner fusion is a standard procedure for advanced carpal collapse. Several operative techniques and numerous implants for osseous fixation have been described. Recently, a specially designed locking plate (Aptus©, Medartis, Basel, Switzerland) was introduced. The purpose of this study was to compare functional results after osseous fixation using K-wires (standard of care, SOC) with four-corner fusion and locking plate fixation. METHODS 21 patients who underwent four-corner fusion in our institution between 2008 and 2013 were included in a retrospective analysis. In 11 patients, osseous fixation was performed using locking plates whereas ten patients underwent bone fixation with conventional K-wires. Outcome parameters were functional outcome, osseous consolidation, patient satisfaction (DASH- and Krimmer Score), pain and perioperative morbidity and the time until patients returned to daily work. Patients were divided in two groups and paired t-tests were performed for statistical analysis. RESULTS No implant related complications were observed. Osseous consolidation was achieved in all cases. Differences between groups were not significant regarding active range of motion (AROM), pain and function. Overall patient satisfaction was acceptable in all cases; differences in the DASH questionnaire and the Krimmer questionnaire were not significant. One patient of the plate group required conversion to total wrist arthrodesis without implant-related complications. CONCLUSION Both techniques for four-corner fusion have similar healing rates. Using the more expensive locking implant avoids a second operation for K-wire removal, but no statistical differences were detected in functional outcome as well as in patient satisfaction when compared to SOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Hernekamp
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwig-Guttmann Str. 13, 67061, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - A Reinecke
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwig-Guttmann Str. 13, 67061, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - F Neubrech
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwig-Guttmann Str. 13, 67061, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - B Bickert
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwig-Guttmann Str. 13, 67061, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - U Kneser
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwig-Guttmann Str. 13, 67061, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - T Kremer
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwig-Guttmann Str. 13, 67061, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
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Liebig F, Sarhan RM, Prietzel C, Reinecke A, Koetz J. “Green” gold nanotriangles: synthesis, purification by polyelectrolyte/micelle depletion flocculation and performance in surface-enhanced Raman scattering. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04808k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a one-step synthesis of gold nanotriangles (NTs) in the presence of mixed phospholipid vesicles followed by a separation process to isolate purified NTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Liebig
- University of Potsdam
- Institute for Chemistry
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| | | | - Claudia Prietzel
- University of Potsdam
- Institute for Chemistry
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Antje Reinecke
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Joachim Koetz
- University of Potsdam
- Institute for Chemistry
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
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Reinecke A, Filippini N, Berna C, Western DG, Hanson B, Cooper MJ, Taggart P, Harmer CJ. Effective emotion regulation strategies improve fMRI and ECG markers of psychopathology in panic disorder: implications for psychological treatment action. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e673. [PMID: 26529426 PMCID: PMC5068756 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairments in emotion regulation are thought to have a key role in the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders, but the neurobiological underpinnings contributing to vulnerability remain poorly understood. It has been a long-held view that exaggerated fear is linked to hyperresponsivity of limbic brain areas and impaired recruitment of prefrontal control. However, increasing evidence suggests that prefrontal-cortical networks are hyperactive during threat processing in anxiety disorders. This study directly explored limbic-prefrontal neural response, connectivity and heart-rate variability (HRV) in patients with a severe anxiety disorder during incidental versus intentional emotion regulation. During 3 Tesla functional magnetic resonance imaging, 18 participants with panic disorder and 18 healthy controls performed an emotion regulation task. They either viewed negative images naturally (Maintain), or they were instructed to intentionally downregulate negative affect using previously taught strategies of cognitive reappraisal (Reappraisal). Electrocardiograms were recorded throughout to provide a functional measure of regulation and emotional processing. Compared with controls, patients showed increased neural activation in limbic-prefrontal areas and reduced HRV during incidental emotion regulation (Maintain). During intentional regulation (Reappraisal), group differences were significantly attenuated. These findings emphasize patients' ability to regulate negative affect if provided with adaptive strategies. They also bring prefrontal hyperactivation forward as a potential mechanism of psychopathology in anxiety disorders. Although these results challenge models proposing impaired allocation of prefrontal resources as a key characteristic of anxiety disorders, they are in line with more recent neurobiological frameworks suggesting that prefrontal hyperactivation might reflect increased utilisation of maladaptive regulation strategies quintessential for anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Reinecke
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - N Filippini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - C Berna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Service d'anesthésiologie Centre Hospitalier, Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D G Western
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - B Hanson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - M J Cooper
- Isis Education Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - P Taggart
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - C J Harmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
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Schmitt CNZ, Politi Y, Reinecke A, Harrington MJ. Role of Sacrificial Protein–Metal Bond Exchange in Mussel Byssal Thread Self-Healing. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:2852-61. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clemens N. Z. Schmitt
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14424, Germany
| | - Yael Politi
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14424, Germany
| | - Antje Reinecke
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14424, Germany
| | - Matthew J. Harrington
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14424, Germany
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Pfennig A, Becker K, Bach S, Bäcker W, Kalem M, Reinecke A, Ruckes S. Challenges for Scale-up of Batch Phase Separations. CHEM-ING-TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201550010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Miskowiak KW, Glerup L, Vestbo C, Harmer CJ, Reinecke A, Macoveanu J, Siebner HR, Kessing LV, Vinberg M. Different neural and cognitive response to emotional faces in healthy monozygotic twins at risk of depression. Psychol Med 2015; 45:1447-1458. [PMID: 25382193 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291714002542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative cognitive bias and aberrant neural processing of emotional faces are trait-marks of depression. Yet it is unclear whether these changes constitute an endophenotype for depression and are also present in healthy individuals with hereditary risk for depression. METHOD Thirty healthy, never-depressed monozygotic (MZ) twins with a co-twin history of depression (high risk group: n = 13) or without co-twin history of depression (low-risk group: n = 17) were enrolled in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study. During fMRI, participants viewed fearful and happy faces while performing a gender discrimination task. After the scan, they were given a faces dot-probe task, a facial expression recognition task and questionnaires assessing mood, personality traits and coping strategies. RESULTS High-risk twins showed increased neural response to happy and fearful faces in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), pre-supplementary motor area and occipito-parietal regions compared to low-risk twins. They also displayed stronger negative coupling between amygdala and pregenual ACC, dmPFC and temporo-parietal regions during emotional face processing. These task-related changes in neural responses in high-risk twins were accompanied by impaired gender discrimination performance during face processing. They also displayed increased attention vigilance for fearful faces and were slower at recognizing facial expressions relative to low-risk controls. These effects occurred in the absence of differences between groups in mood, subjective state or coping. CONCLUSIONS Different neural response and functional connectivity within fronto-limbic and occipito-parietal regions during emotional face processing and enhanced fear vigilance may be key endophenotypes for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Miskowiak
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen,Copenhagen University Hospital,Rigshospitalet,Denmark
| | - L Glerup
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen,Copenhagen University Hospital,Rigshospitalet,Denmark
| | - C Vestbo
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen,Copenhagen University Hospital,Rigshospitalet,Denmark
| | - C J Harmer
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Oxford,Oxford,UK
| | - A Reinecke
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Oxford,Oxford,UK
| | - J Macoveanu
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance,Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre,Denmark
| | - H R Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance,Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre,Denmark
| | - L V Kessing
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen,Copenhagen University Hospital,Rigshospitalet,Denmark
| | - M Vinberg
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen,Copenhagen University Hospital,Rigshospitalet,Denmark
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Tinhofer I, Jöhrens K, Keilholz U, Kaufmann A, Lehmann A, Weichert W, Stenzinger A, Stromberger C, Klinghammer K, Becker ET, Dommerich S, Stölzel K, Hofmann V, Hildebrandt B, Moser L, Ervens J, Böttcher A, Albers A, Stabenow R, Reinecke A, Budach V, Hoffmeister B, Raguse J. Contribution of human papilloma virus to the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in a European population with high smoking prevalence. Eur J Cancer 2015; 51:514-521. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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De Wit M, Pankow W, Eggeling S, Schicke B, Reinecke A. German Clinical Registries: Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Non Small Cell Lung Cancer. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu348.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Schmidt S, Reinecke A, Wojcik F, Pussak D, Hartmann L, Harrington MJ. Metal-Mediated Molecular Self-Healing in Histidine-Rich Mussel Peptides. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:1644-52. [DOI: 10.1021/bm500017u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Schmidt
- Departments of ‡Biomaterials and §Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Antje Reinecke
- Departments of ‡Biomaterials and §Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Felix Wojcik
- Departments of ‡Biomaterials and §Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Daniel Pussak
- Departments of ‡Biomaterials and §Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Departments of ‡Biomaterials and §Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Matthew James Harrington
- Departments of ‡Biomaterials and §Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
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de Wit M, Pankow W, Eggeling S, Schicke B, Reinecke A. Nichtkleinzelliges Lungenkarzinom: Neoadjuvante Chemoradiotherapien in der deutschen Versorgungsrealität – Daten klinischer Krebsregister. Pneumologie 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1367773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Blum T, Schicke B, Schönfeld N, Kollmeier J, Grohé C, Reinecke A. Alterskorrelation der Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeit von Patienten mit kleinzelligem Lungenkarzinom (SCLC). Pneumologie 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1367958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Di Simplicio M, Norbury R, Reinecke A, Harmer CJ. Paradoxical effects of short-term antidepressant treatment in fMRI emotional processing models in volunteers with high neuroticism. Psychol Med 2014; 44:241-252. [PMID: 23597109 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291713000731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-term antidepressant administration has been reported to decrease amygdala response to threat in healthy volunteers and depressed patients. Neuroticism (N) is a risk factor for depression but has also been associated with slow or incomplete remission with antidepressant drug treatment. Our aim was to investigate early selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) administration neural effects on implicit processing of fearful facial expressions in volunteers with high levels of N. METHOD Highly neurotic subjects received 20 mg/day citalopram versus placebo for 7 days in a double-blind, between-groups design. On the last day haemoperfusion and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data during a gender discrimination task with fearful and happy faces were acquired. A control group of non-neurotic volunteers was also tested. RESULTS High-N volunteers had reduced responses to threatening facial expressions across key neural circuits compared to low-N volunteers. SSRI treatment was found to elevate resting perfusion in the right amygdala, increase bilateral amygdalae activation to positive and negative facial expressions and increase activation to fearful versus happy facial expressions in occipital, parietal, temporal and prefrontal cortical areas. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that 7 days of SSRI administration can increase neural markers of fear reactivity in subjects at the high end of the N dimension and may be related to early increases in anxiety and agitation seen early in treatment. Such processes may be involved in the later therapeutic effects through decreased avoidance and increased learning about social 'threat' cues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R Norbury
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - A Reinecke
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - C J Harmer
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
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Ernst M, Reinecke A, vd Brelie M, Cremer J, Haake N. ICU after heart surgery-back and forth again – a single center experience -. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1332730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Stöcker P, Rosner B, Werber D, Kirchner M, Reinecke A, Wichmann-Schauer H, Prager R, Rabsch W, Frank C. Outbreak of Salmonella Montevideo associated with a dietary food supplement flagged in the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) in Germany, 2010. Euro Surveill 2011; 16:20040. [PMID: 22221497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In March 2010 the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) was used to inform about Salmonella Montevideo in a herbal food supplement, formulated in capsules, distributed under a Dutch label in Germany. Simultaneous to the first RASFF notice, in the last two weeks of March 2010 an unusual number of 15 infections with S. Montevideo was notified within the electronic reporting system for infectious diseases at the Robert Koch Institute. Adult women (median age: 43, range: 1-90 years) were mainly affected. An outbreak was suspected and the food supplement hypothesised to be its vehicle. Cases were notified from six federal states throughout Germany, which required efficient coordination of information and activities. A case-control study (n=55) among adult women showed an association between consumption of the specific food supplement and the disease (odds ratio (OR): 27.5, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.1-infinity, p-value=0.002). Restricting the case-control study to the period when the outbreak peaked (between 29 March and 11 April 2010) resulted in an OR of 43.5 (95% CI: 4.8-infinity, p-value=0.001). Trace-back of the supplement's main ingredient, hemp seed flour, and subsequent microbiological testing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis supported its likely role in transmission. This outbreak investigation illustrates that information from RASFF may aid in hypothesis generation in outbreak investigations, though likely late in the outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stöcker
- Postgraduate Training for Applied Epidemiology (PAE, German Field Epidemiology Training Programme), Robert Koch Institute, Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany.
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Stöcker P, Rosner B, Werber D, Kirchner M, Reinecke A, Wichmann-Schauer H, Prager R, Rabsch W, Frank C. Outbreak of Salmonella Montevideo associated with a dietary food supplement flagged in the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) in Germany, 2010. Euro Surveill 2011. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.16.50.20040-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stöcker
- Robert Koch Institute, Department Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany
- European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
- Postgraduate Training for Applied Epidemiology (PAE, German Field Epidemiology Training Programme), Robert Koch Institute, Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - B Rosner
- Robert Koch Institute, Department Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - D Werber
- Robert Koch Institute, Department Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Kirchner
- Governmental Institute of Public Health of Lower Saxony, Hannover, Germany
| | - A Reinecke
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - R Prager
- National Reference Centre for Salmonella and other Enterics, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode Branch, Germany
| | - W Rabsch
- National Reference Centre for Salmonella and other Enterics, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode Branch, Germany
| | - C Frank
- Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, University of Bonn, Germany
- Robert Koch Institute, Department Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany
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Arlt S, Reinecke A, Drillich M, Fischer-Tenhagen C, Heuwieser W. [Inappropriate lactation syndrome in goats--case collection and experiences with mastectomy]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2011; 39:27-32. [PMID: 22138742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hobby keeping of goats and sheep confronts veterinarians with new challenges that rarely have to be faced in livestock husbandry. During the last five years five goats were presented to the Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany, with inappropriate lactation syndrome. Four of these animals had been previously treated with cabergoline without enduring success. According to the request of the owners (informed consent) and the clinical severity of the cases, a mastectomy was performed in all five animals. MATERIAL AND METHODS Surgery was performed under general anaesthesia using ketamine and xylazine, and with the patients in a recumbent position. RESULTS Mastectomy in small ruminants requires knowledge of the anatomy of the udder and the possible positions of the supplying blood vessels. Our patients displayed a variety of dispositions of the Vena epigastrica caudalis superficialis. Special attention should be paid to a careful and blunt dissection of the mammary gland, and immediate control of haemorrhage, to maintain a clear view on the anatomic structures. Furthermore, dissection of the glandular tissue should be strictly avoided to prevent milk contamination of the surgical area. A sufficient skin flap has to be left to cover the surgical area after removal of the udder. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Even though udder amputation appears to be a radical and high-risk procedure, all five goats survived the surgery. The wound healing occurred in a reasonable time without any severe complications. In goats that are kept as "hobby animals" and in which an inappropriate lactation syndrome cannot be treated conservatively, mastectomy is a reasonable and promising therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arlt
- Tierklinik für Fortpflanzung, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin.
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Reinecke A, Drillich M, Fischer-Tenhagen C, Heuwieser W, Arlt S. Lactatio falsa bei der Ziege – Fallsammlung und Erfahrungen mit der Amputation des Gesäuges. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1624611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand: Die Haltung von Schafen und Ziegen als Hobbytiere konfrontiert Tierärzte mitunter mit Problemen, die bei einer reinen Nutztierhaltung eher selten vorkommen. In den letzten 5 Jahren wurden der Tierklinik für Fortpflanzung der FU Berlin fünf Ziegen aus Hobbyhaltungen mit rezidivierender Lactatio falsa vorgestellt. Vier Tiere waren in der Vergangenheit bereits mit Cabergolin mit ausbleibendem oder nur kurzfristigem Erfolg behandelt worden. Aufgrund der Größe des Euters wurde auf Wunsch der Besitzer bei allen fünf Ziegen eine Euteramputation vorgenommen. Material und Methoden: Der operative Eingriff erfolgte unter Allgemeinanästhesie mit Ketamin und Xylazin in Rückenlage der Patienten. Ergebnisse: Die durchgeführte Anästhesie erwies sich für den Eingriff als geeignet. Die Mastektomie bei Ziegen erfordert spezielle Kenntnisse hinsichtlich der Anatomie der Milchdrüse und ihrer versorgenden Gefäße. Bei den fünf Patienten war eine teils unterschiedliche Anlage der Vena epigastrica caudalis superficialis festzustellen. Bei der Operation zu beachten sind insbesondere das vorsichtige und stumpfe Präparieren und eine schnelle Blutstillung, um ein übersicht - liches Operationsfeld zu erhalten. Die Eröffnung von Zisternen oder Drüsengewebe sollte vermieden werden, damit keine Milch austritt, da daraus Wundheilungsstörungen entstehen könnten. Ein ausreichender Hautlappen für den späteren Wundverschluss muss belassen werden. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Alle fünf Ziegen überstanden die Operation ohne Komplikationen. Die Wunden heilten schnell und nahezu ohne Probleme. Für als Hobbytiere gehaltene Ziegen mit Lactatio falsa, die konservativ nicht therapiert werden können, stellt die Mastektomie eine sinnvolle, erfolgversprechende Behand - lung dar.
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Beyaert I, Wäschke N, Scholz A, Varama M, Reinecke A, Hilker M. Relevance of resource-indicating key volatiles and habitat odour for insect orientation. Anim Behav 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Reinecke A, Rinck M, Becker ES. Keeping an eye on the spider in the corner: Biased visual working memory in phobic anxiety -- a change detection paradigm. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/6.6.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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22
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Reinecke A, Wolfe JM. Serial position effects in visual short term memory. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/2.7.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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23
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Abasolo W, Eder M, Yamauchi K, Obel N, Reinecke A, Neumetzler L, Dunlop JWC, Mouille G, Pauly M, Höfte H, Burgert I. Pectin may hinder the unfolding of xyloglucan chains during cell deformation: implications of the mechanical performance of Arabidopsis hypocotyls with pectin alterations. Mol Plant 2009; 2:990-9. [PMID: 19825674 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssp065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell walls, like a multitude of other biological materials, are natural fiber-reinforced composite materials. Their mechanical properties are highly dependent on the interplay of the stiff fibrous phase and the soft matrix phase and on the matrix deformation itself. Using specific Arabidopsis thaliana mutants, we studied the mechanical role of the matrix assembly in primary cell walls of hypocotyls with altered xyloglucan and pectin composition. Standard microtensile tests and cyclic loading protocols were performed on mur1 hypocotyls with affected RGII borate diester cross-links and a hindered xyloglucan fucosylation as well as qua2 exhibiting 50% less homogalacturonan in comparison to wild-type. As a control, wild-type plants (Col-0) and mur2 exhibiting a specific xyloglucan fucosylation and no differences in the pectin network were utilized. In the standard tensile tests, the ultimate stress levels (approximately tensile strength) of the hypocotyls of the mutants with pectin alterations (mur1, qua2) were rather unaffected, whereas their tensile stiffness was noticeably reduced in comparison to Col-0. The cyclic loading tests indicated a stiffening of all hypocotyls after the first cycle and a plastic deformation during the first straining, the degree of which, however, was much higher for mur1 and qua2 hypocotyls. Based on the mechanical data and current cell wall models, it is assumed that folded xyloglucan chains between cellulose fibrils may tend to unfold during straining of the hypocotyls. This response is probably hindered by geometrical constraints due to pectin rigidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willie Abasolo
- Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Potsdam, Germany
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Reinecke A, El Mokhtari NE, Cremer J, Haake N. Prevalence and comorbidity of smoking, obstructive lung diseases and coronary artery disease in 4847 patients. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1191721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Cavalier DM, Lerouxel O, Neumetzler L, Yamauchi K, Reinecke A, Freshour G, Zabotina OA, Hahn MG, Burgert I, Pauly M, Raikhel NV, Keegstra K. Disrupting two Arabidopsis thaliana xylosyltransferase genes results in plants deficient in xyloglucan, a major primary cell wall component. Plant Cell 2008; 20:1519-37. [PMID: 18544630 PMCID: PMC2483363 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.108.059873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2008] [Revised: 05/09/2008] [Accepted: 05/21/2008] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Xyloglucans are the main hemicellulosic polysaccharides found in the primary cell walls of dicots and nongraminaceous monocots, where they are thought to interact with cellulose to form a three-dimensional network that functions as the principal load-bearing structure of the primary cell wall. To determine whether two Arabidopsis thaliana genes that encode xylosyltransferases, XXT1 and XXT2, are involved in xyloglucan biosynthesis in vivo and to determine how the plant cell wall is affected by the lack of expression of XXT1, XXT2, or both, we isolated and characterized xxt1 and xxt2 single and xxt1 xxt2 double T-DNA insertion mutants. Although the xxt1 and xxt2 mutants did not have a gross morphological phenotype, they did have a slight decrease in xyloglucan content and showed slightly altered distribution patterns for xyloglucan epitopes. More interestingly, the xxt1 xxt2 double mutant had aberrant root hairs and lacked detectable xyloglucan. The reduction of xyloglucan in the xxt2 mutant and the lack of detectable xyloglucan in the xxt1 xxt2 double mutant resulted in significant changes in the mechanical properties of these plants. We conclude that XXT1 and XXT2 encode xylosyltransferases that are required for xyloglucan biosynthesis. Moreover, the lack of detectable xyloglucan in the xxt1 xxt2 double mutant challenges conventional models of the plant primary cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Cavalier
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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Wang T, Reinecke A, Cölfen H. In situ investigation of complex BaSO4 fiber generation in the presence of sodium polyacrylate. 2. Crystallization mechanisms. Langmuir 2006; 22:8986-94. [PMID: 17014144 DOI: 10.1021/la060985j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The formation mechanisms of complex BaSO(4) fiber bundles and cones in the presence of polyacrylate sodium salt via a bioinspired approach at ambient temperature in an aqueous environment are reported. These complex organic-inorganic hybrid structures assemble after heterogeneous nucleation of amorphous precursor particle aggregates on polar surfaces, and the crystallization area can be patterned. In contrast to earlier reports, three different mechanisms based on the oriented attachment of nanoparticles were revealed for the formation of typical fibrous superstructures depending on the supersaturation or on the number of precursor particles. (A) High supersaturation (S > 2): large amorphous aggregates stick to a polar surface, form fiber bundles after mesoscopic transformation and oriented attachment, and then form a narrow tip through polymer interaction. (B) Low supersaturation (S = 1.02-2): only a few fibers nucleate heterogeneously from a single nucleation spot, and amorphous particles stick to existing fibers, which results in the formation of a fiber bundle. (C) Vanishing supersaturation (S = 1-1.02): nucleation of a fiber bundle from a single nucleation spot with self-limiting repetitive growth as a result of the limited amount of building material. These growth processes are supported by time-resolved optical microscopy in solution, TEM, SEM, and DLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongxin Wang
- Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Colloid Chemistry Department, D-14424 Potsdam, Germany
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Gierlinger N, Schwanninger M, Reinecke A, Burgert I. Molecular Changes during Tensile Deformation of Single Wood Fibers Followed by Raman Microscopy. Biomacromolecules 2006; 7:2077-81. [PMID: 16827572 DOI: 10.1021/bm060236g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Raman spectra were acquired in situ during tensile straining of mechanically isolated fibers of spruce latewood. Stress-strain curves were evaluated along with band positions and intensities to monitor molecular changes due to deformation. Strong correlations (r = 0.99) were found between the shift of the band at 1097 cm(-1) corresponding to the stretching of the cellulose ring structure and the applied stress and strain. High overall shifts (-6.5 cm(-1)) and shift rates (-6.1 cm(-1)/GPa) were observed. After the fiber failed, the band was found on its original position again, proving the elastic nature of the deformation. Additionally, a decrease in the band height ratio of the 1127 and 1097 cm(-1) bands was observed to go hand in hand with the straining of the fiber. This is assumed to reflect a widening of the torsion angle of the glycosidic C-O-C bonding. Thus, the 1097 cm(-1) band shift and the band height ratio enable one to follow the stretching of the cellulose at a molecular level, while the lignin bands are shown to be unaffected. Observed changes in the OH region are shown and interpreted as a weakening of the hydrogen-bonding network during straining. Future experiments on different native wood fibers with variable chemical composition and cellulose orientation and on chemically and enzymatically modified fibers will help to deepen the micromechanical understanding of plant cell walls and the associated macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Notburga Gierlinger
- Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Potsdam, Germany.
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Dresske B, El Mokhtari NE, Ungefroren H, Ruhnke M, Plate V, Janssen D, Siebert R, Reinecke A, Simon R, Fandrich F. Multipotent cells of monocytic origin improve damaged heart function. Am J Transplant 2006; 6:947-58. [PMID: 16611330 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2006.01289.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we generated cells with multipotent properties from blood monocytes that in vitro differentiate into various somatic cell types. This experimental study investigated whether these programmable cells of monocytic origin (PCMO) succeed to restore left ventricular function after myocardial infarction (MI). PCMO were generated from monocytes by exposition to RPMI medium containing M-CSF and IL-3 for 6 days. MI was induced in female Lewis rats ligating the left coronary artery. PCMO of male Lewis donors were injected either intramyocardially (i.my.) or intravenously (i.v.) 24 h or 6 days post-infarction. Hemodynamic assessment after 60 days demonstrated significant improvement of left ventricular function following i.my. transplantation of PCMO as well as early (24 h post-infarction) i.v. application while nonmodulated monocytes failed to restore heart function. The Y-chromosome-specific SRY gene of male donor PCMO was detected exclusively in infarcted hearts of animals, which demonstrated improved cardiac function. Subdivision of infarcted hearts by microdissection localized the SRY gene-containing department to the left ventricle adjacent to the infarcted area whereas the right ventricle remained negative. Successful generation of PCMO in access numbers allows their autologous use as a new additive treatment for early restoration of cardiac function after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dresske
- Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany.
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Mühlig S, Reinecke A, Worringen U. Akzeptanz, Implementierung und Inanspruchnahme des BfA- Gesundheitstrainings: Eine Totalerhebung unter 434 Kliniken ausgewählter Indikationen. Gesundheitswesen 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-920732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Lins M, El Mokhtari NE, Reinecke A, Wieckhorst A, Simon R. Huge coronary collateral connection. Z Kardiol 2005; 94:661-2. [PMID: 16200480 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-005-0289-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2005] [Accepted: 06/23/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Lins
- Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Klinik für Kardiologie, Schittenhelmstr. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
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Wieckhorst A, Tiroke A, Lins M, Reinecke A, Herrmann G, Krüger D, Simon R. [Acute coronary syndrome after diclofenac induced coronary spasm]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 94:274-9. [PMID: 15803264 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-005-0211-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2004] [Accepted: 11/24/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We report about a 67-year old man, who was submitted to our clinic with acute coronary syndrome. The cardiac catheterization showed a proximal thrombus in the left anterior descending (LAD). The other coronary arteries did not have significant lesions. After percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with stent-implantation into the proximal LAD the patient remained clinically stable. Cardiac enzymes confirmed no myocardial necrosis. Three days after the acute coronary syndrome the patient developed a podagra, which was treated with colchicinum, diclofenac and local cooling. Five hours after initial therapy the patient developed severe symptoms of angina pectoris and electrocardiographical signs of an acute posterior and anterior myocardial infarction. Immediate coronary angiography demonstrated extended vasospasm of the right coronary artery. Intracoronary application of verapamil and nitroglycerin resolved the coronary spasm. The patient reported about a self-indicated application of diclofenac six hours before hospital admission. This case demonstrates that oral application of diclofenac can provoke coronary vasospasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wieckhorst
- Universitätsklinikum Schleswig Holstein, Campus Kiel, Med. Klinik, Klinik für Kardiologie, Schittenhelmstrasse 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany. Wieckh.@gmx.de
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Böhler S, Glaesmer H, Pittrow D, Lehnert H, Stalla GK, Zeiher AM, März W, Silber S, Wehling M, Ruf G, Reinecke A, Wittchen HU. Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk Evaluation and Management in Primary Care: Progress and Unresolved Issues. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2004; 112:157-70. [PMID: 15127318 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-817927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights established and more recently recognized risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) relevant for patients seen in primary care, emphasizing the key role of diabetes mellitus type 2. Recent trends in risk factor research as well as current methods of risk stratification, and new systemic markers are discussed. Beyond the need for more forceful public health strategies to improve early recognition and intervention, the necessity of an integrated comprehensive investigation of the overall characteristics of cardiovascular disease, especially in primary care patients as a prerequisite for future concerted actions is pointed out. Based on this, a large-scale epidemiological investigation focusing on CHD and diabetes in the primary care sector is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Böhler
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Tiroke A, Herrmann G, Lins M, el Mokhtari N, Reinecke A, Wieckhorst A, Cremer J, Simon R. [Bland-White-Garland syndrome in an adult]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 93:58-62. [PMID: 14740242 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-004-1039-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2003] [Accepted: 10/21/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We report about a 47-year-old woman, who presented with a history of cardiac failure. Echocardiography showed an impaired left ventricular function, clinically significant mitral regurgitation and pulmonary hypertension. Diagnosis of a Bland- White-Garland syndrome was made by coronary angiography. Subsequent therapy consisted of ligation of the anomalus origin of the left coronary artery, implantation of a Mammaria interna graft to the left coronary artery and replacement of the mitral valve by a mechanical prosthesis. One year after operation, left ventricular function was still impaired. At a 3-year follow-up, left ventricular function improved continuously.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tiroke
- Klinik für Kardiologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Schittenhelmstr. 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
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Clausmeyer S, Reinecke A, Farrenkopf R, Unger T, Peters J. Tissue-specific expression of a rat renin transcript lacking the coding sequence for the prefragment and its stimulation by myocardial infarction. Endocrinology 2000; 141:2963-70. [PMID: 10919285 DOI: 10.1210/endo.141.8.7623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An alternative transcript of the rat renin gene was recently characterized in the adrenal gland, in addition to the known messenger RNA (mRNA) coding for preprorenin. In the alternative transcript, exon 1 is replaced by exon 1A, a domain originating in intron 1. The reading frame of this mRNA, termed exon 1A-renin transcript, codes for a truncated prorenin that presumably remains intracellular, in contrast to preprorenin, which is targeted to the secretory pathway by its prefragment. We here demonstrate the tissue-specific regulation of expression of both transcripts by RT and PCR. In many tissues both transcripts are present, for example in the adrenal gland, spleen, liver, and hypothalamus. In some organs, however, only one of the renin mRNAs is found. In the kidney only the full-length mRNA coding for preprorenin is detected. In the heart exclusively the exon 1A-mRNA is expressed, but not the preprorenin transcript. After myocardial infarction, which is known to activate the intracardiac renin-angiotensin system, expression of exon 1A-renin mRNA in the left ventricle was stimulated about 4-fold, compared with that in sham-operated animals, whereas no mRNA corresponding to preprorenin was detectable. These findings may have implications for the current concepts of local extrarenal renin-angiotensin systems, as they provide the molecular basis for a possible intracellular function of renin and exclude a role for locally produced secretory renin in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Clausmeyer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
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Busche S, Gallinat S, Bohle RM, Reinecke A, Seebeck J, Franke F, Fink L, Zhu M, Sumners C, Unger T. Expression of angiotensin AT(1) and AT(2) receptors in adult rat cardiomyocytes after myocardial infarction. A single-cell reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction study. Am J Pathol 2000; 157:605-11. [PMID: 10934163 PMCID: PMC1850144 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64571-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effector hormone of the renin-angiotensin system, angiotensin II, plays a major role in cardiovascular regulation. In rats, both angiotensin receptor subtypes, AT(1) and AT(2), are up-regulated after myocardial infarction but previous studies failed to identify the cell types which express the AT(2) receptor in the heart. To address this question we established a single-cell reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for AT(1) and AT(2) receptors to determine whether these receptor subtypes are expressed in adult rat cardiomyocytes before and 1 day after myocardial infarction. By laser-assisted cell picking, section profiles of single cells without genomic DNA contamination were isolated. After dividing samples into two identical aliquots, polymerase chain reaction amplification for AT(1) and AT(2) receptors was carried out and polymerase chain reaction products were subjected to gel electrophoresis. Compared to control (n = 4) and sham-operated animals (n = 4), the number of cardiomyocytes expressing the AT(1) receptor mRNA 1 day after myocardial infarction (n = 4) was not changed (42% and 33% versus 45%, respectively). On the other hand, AT(2) receptor mRNA was expressed in 8% and 13%, respectively, of cardiomyocytes gained from control (n = 4) and sham-operated animals (n = 4) and in 14% isolated after myocardial infarction (n = 4). These results demonstrate for the first time that the AT(2) receptor is expressed in adult cardiomyocytes in vivo. They further suggest that the previously observed up-regulation of cardiac AT(1) and AT(2) receptors after myocardial infarction involves cell types other than cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Busche
- Institute of Pharmacology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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Walther T, Heringer-Walther S, Tschöpe R, Reinecke A, Schultheiss HP, Tschöpe C. Opposite regulation of brain and C-type natriuretic peptides in the streptozotocin-diabetic cardiopathy. J Mol Endocrinol 2000; 24:391-5. [PMID: 10828832 DOI: 10.1677/jme.0.0240391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), a recent addition to the family of natriuretic peptides including atrial and brain natriuretic peptide (ANP, BNP), is believed to be an endothelium-derived vasodilator and to have an antimitotic effect. ANP and BNP concentrations are increased in conditions such as congestive heart failure, but cardiac CNP concentrations have not been investigated in this connection. Diabetes mellitus also involves myocardial dysfunctions without coronary artery disease or systemic hypertension. We therefore investigated the cardiac expression of CNP mRNA compared with that of BNP mRNA in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. STZ- diabetic male Wistar rats (n=6) were studied in comparison with controls (n=6). The animals were characterised by their mean arterial blood pressure and plasma glucose concentrations. After extraction of total cardiac RNA, a specific cDNA probe of BNP was used for northern blot analysis, whereas myocardial CNP expression was analysed by an RNase-protection assay. Twelve weeks after diabetes was induced, the rats were normotensive (96.4+/-2.0 compared with 95.1+/-1.9 mmHg) and hyperglycaemic (615+/-61 compared with 165+/-21 mg/dl; P<0.001). Left ventricular pressure was significantly impaired (76.8+/-6.4 compared with 51.2+/-3.6 mmHg). STZ-diabetic rats had a 3.2-fold increase in cardiac BNP expression compared with controls. In contrast, cardiac CNP mRNA concentrations were decreased 2.6-fold. CNP seems to be downregulated like other peptides with antimitotic and vasodilator activities (nitric oxide, prostacyclin, kinins). This may contribute to cardiac dysfunction in diabetes mellitus and suggests that stimulation of CNP expression could provide cardiac protection in such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Walther
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
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Spitznagel H, Chung O, Xia Q, Rossius B, Illner S, Jähnichen G, Sandmann S, Reinecke A, Daemen MJ, Unger T. Cardioprotective effects of the Na(+)/H(+)-exchange inhibitor cariporide in infarct-induced heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 2000; 46:102-10. [PMID: 10727658 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6363(99)00428-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect of chronic treatment with the new Na(+)/H(+)-exchange inhibitor, cariporide, on cardiac function and remodelling 6 weeks after myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. METHODS Treatment with cariporide was commenced either 1 week pre or 30 min, 3 h, 24 h or 7 days after ligation of the left ventricular artery and was continued until haemodynamic parameters were obtained 6 weeks after MI in conscious rats. RESULTS Compared to sham animals, untreated MI-controls developed pronounced heart failure after 6 weeks. Basal left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (in mmHg) was reduced in the groups in which cariporide was started 1 week pre (16.0+/-1.7) or 30 min (12.5+/-1.1), 3 h (11.8+/-1.0) and 24 h (13.0+/-2.5) after MI compared to untreated MI-controls (22. 4+/-1.5; P<0.01). Basal myocardial contractility (in 1000 mmHg/s) was only increased when treatment was initiated after 30 min (9. 0+/-0.7), 3 h (8.5+/-0.3) and 24 h (8.0+/-0.7) compared to untreated MI-controls (5.8+/-0.7; P<0.05-0.01). Infarct size (in % of left ventricular circumference) was 40.0+/-2.1 in MI-controls and was decreased when treatment was begun after 30 min (32.6+/-2.7) or 3 h (32.4+/-2.3) (P<0.05). In animals, in which cariporide was started 3 h after induction of MI, heart weight/body weight ratio was significantly decreased, indicating reduced cardiac hypertrophy. When treatment started 7 days after MI, cariporide did not exert any beneficial actions on structural and functional cardiac parameters. CONCLUSION Our results show for the first time that chronic treatment with the Na(+)/H(+)-exchange inhibitor cariporide engendered marked cardioprotective effects when commenced before and up to 24 h after MI. The optimal time for the start of treatment was between 30 min and 3 h post MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Spitznagel
- Institute of Pharmacology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Hospitalstrasse 4, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
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Xia QG, Chung O, Spitznagel H, Sandmann S, Illner S, Rossius B, Jähnichen G, Reinecke A, Gohlke P, Unger T. Effects of a novel angiotensin AT(1) receptor antagonist, HR720, on rats with myocardial infarction. Eur J Pharmacol 1999; 385:171-9. [PMID: 10607873 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(99)00731-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction is associated with impaired ventricular function and heart failure and has important implications for survival. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of chronic treatment with a novel angiotensin AT(1) receptor antagonist 2-butyl-4-(methylthio-)-1-[[2'[[[(propylamino)carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl ](1,1'-biphenyl)-4-yl]methyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate (HR720), on cardiac remodeling and left ventricular dysfunction in a rat model of large myocardial infarction. Rats were subjected to permanent ligation of the left coronary artery and were treated for six weeks with placebo or HR720 (3 mg/kg/day) initiated 24 h after surgery. Sham-operated rats served as normal controls. Mean arterial blood pressure, the maximum rate of rise of the left ventricular systolic pressure (dP/dt(max)), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, left ventricular inner diameter and circumference, septal thickness, left ventricular collagen content and heart weight were measured at the end of the treatment. HR720 treatment versus placebo attenuated the cardiac hypertrophy (heart weight/body weight: 2.88+/-0.08 mg/g vs. 3.16+/-0.09 mg/g, P<0.05), reduced interstitial collagen content (3. 47+/-0.28% vs. 5.25+/-0.45%, P<0.01), limited infarct size (33.0+/-3. 0% vs. 41.5+/-2.3%, P<0.05), decreased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (13.7+/-2.2 vs. 21.4+/-1.6 mm Hg, P<0.01) and improved dP/dt(max) (9000+/-430 vs. 6000+/-840 mm Hg/s, P<0.05). The present results demonstrate that chronic treatment with the angiotensin AT(1) receptor antagonist HR720 can limit infarct size, partially prevent cardiac hypertrophic remodeling and improve left ventricular function in rats with myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q G Xia
- Institute of Pharmacology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Hospitalstr. 4, 24105, Kiel, Germany
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Tschöpe C, Reinecke A, Seidl U, Yu M, Gavriluk V, Riester U, Gohlke P, Graf K, Bader M, Hilgenfeldt U, Pesquero JB, Ritz E, Unger T. Functional, biochemical, and molecular investigations of renal kallikrein-kinin system in diabetic rats. Am J Physiol 1999; 277:H2333-40. [PMID: 10600853 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.1999.277.6.h2333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A reduction of renal kallikrein has been found in non-insulin-treated diabetic individuals, suggesting that an impaired renal kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) contributes to the development of diabetic nephropathy. We analyzed relevant components of the renal KKS in non-insulin-treated streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Twelve weeks after a single injection of STZ, rats were normotensive and displayed hyperglycemia, polyuria, proteinuria, and reduced glomerular filtration rate. Blood bradykinin (BK) levels and prekallikrein activity were significantly increased compared with controls. Renal kallikrein activity was reduced by 70%, whereas urinary BK levels were increased up to threefold. Renal kininases were decreased as indicated by a 3-fold reduction in renal angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and a 1.8-fold reduction in renal expression of neutral endopeptidase 24.11. Renal cortical expression of kininogen and B2 receptors was enhanced to 1.4 and 1. 8-fold, respectively. Our data suggest that increased urinary BK levels found in severely hyperglycemic STZ-diabetic rats are related to increased filtration of components of the plasma KKS and/or renal kininogen synthesis in combination with decreased renal kinin-degrading activity. Thus, despite reduced renal kallikrein synthesis, renal KKS is activated in the advanced stage of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tschöpe
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Benjamin Franklin, Free University of Berlin, D-12200 Berlin.
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Tschöpe C, Walther T, Yu M, Reinecke A, Koch M, Seligmann C, Heringer SB, Pesquero JB, Bader M, Schultheiss H, Unger T. Myocardial expression of rat bradykinin receptors and two tissue kallikrein genes in experimental diabetes. Immunopharmacology 1999; 44:35-42. [PMID: 10604522 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-3109(99)00109-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
To characterize the role of the kallikrein-kinin system in diabetic cardiopathy, we studied the effect of streptozotocin (STZ) on the regulation of the myocardial bradykinin (BK) receptors, the B1 and B2 type, and two tissue kallikrein genes, rat kallikrein 1 (rKLK1) and rKLK7, in severely hyperglycemic rats. Experiments were performed in STZ-induced diabetic male Wistar rats (n = 7) and compared to controls (n = 7). After extraction of myocardial total RNA, specific oligonucleotides were used to generate reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) products from myocardial rKLK1 and rKLK7 mRNA. Southern blot analyses of these RT-PCR products were hybridized with appropriate gene-specific oligonucleotide probes. Myocardial B1 and B2 receptor expression were analyzed by RNase protection assays using specific probes from the coding region of the receptor genes. Twelve weeks after diabetes induction, the rats were normotensive and hyperglycemic and polyuric. We observed an impairment of the main myocardial kinin-forming enzymes, indicated by a reduction of the expression of both, rKLK1 and rKLK7. At this time the myocardial expression of the B1 receptor was not detectable in either group. Thus, the B1 receptor does not play a regulatory role in either the healthy or in STZ-diabetic heart. In contrast, the B2-receptor expression was detectable but did not differ significantly in either group. The reduced synthesis of myocardial tissue KLK implies a reduced capacity to generate BK in diabetic rats. This reduction is not compensated by elevated BK receptor levels. We suggest that alterations of the KKS may contribute to myocardial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tschöpe
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Benjamin Franklin (UKBF), Free University of Berlin, Germany.
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Fischer JW, Tschöpe C, Reinecke A, Giachelli CM, Unger T. Upregulation of osteopontin expression in renal cortex of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats is mediated by bradykinin. Diabetes 1998; 47:1512-8. [PMID: 9726243 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.47.9.1512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in Wistar rats was used to study the expression of osteopontin during development of diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes was confirmed by serum glucose levels exceeding 16 mmol/l during the experimental period of 12 weeks. During this period of time, diabetic nephropathy developed, as characterized by a reduced glomerular filtration rate (2.7 +/- 0.3 ml/min in controls vs. 1.7 +/- 0.1 ml/min in diabetic rats) and proteinuria (8.3 +/- 1.7 mg/24 h in controls vs. 22.0 +/- 4 mg/24 h in diabetic rats). Northern blot analysis revealed a time-dependent upregulation of renal cortical osteopontin expression reaching 138 +/- 6% of control levels after 2 weeks and 290 +/- 30% (mean +/- SE, n = 6-9) after 12 weeks. By immunostaining, the increased osteopontin expression could be located to the tubular epithelium of the renal cortex. Chronic treatment of animals with ramipril (3 mg/kg) during the 12-week experimental period led to a further increase in osteopontin mRNA expression in diabetic animals, amounting to 570 +/- 73% (mean +/- SE, n = 6) of controls. Increased levels of osteopontin were not associated with accumulation of monocyte/macrophages that were identified by the cell type specific monoclonal antibody ED-1. The increased osteopontin expression in ramipril-pretreated rats was abolished by application of the bradykinin B2-receptor antagonist, icatibant (0.5 mg/kg). In addition, increased osteopontin expression in diabetic rats, which did not receive any treatment after STZ injection, could as well be reduced by icatibant given for the final 2 weeks of the experimental period. These data suggest that a strong bradykinin B2-receptor-mediated upregulation of osteopontin occurs during the pathogenesis of experimental diabetic nephropathy in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Fischer
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA.
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Tschöpe C, Yu M, Reinecke A, Csikos T, Hilgenfeldt U, Pesquero JB, Ritz E, Unger T. Renal expression of two rat kallikrein genes under diabetic conditions. J Hypertens 1997; 15:1711-4. [PMID: 9488227 DOI: 10.1097/00004872-199715120-00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have reported that bradykinin (BK) excretion is increased in severely diabetic rats, independent of the activity of the main renal kinin-forming enzyme, true kallikrein (KLK). To further investigate the relationship between renal BK excretion and renal KLK in diabetes we studied the regulation of the renal kallikrein-like gene, rat kallikrein 7 (rKLK7), as well as of the KLK encoding gene, rKLK1, in streptozotocin-induced (STZ) diabetic rats. METHODS Experiments were performed in STZ-induced diabetic male Wistar rats and their non-diabetic controls (n = 7 each group). Twelve weeks after STZ injection, urinary KLK activity, glomerular filtration rate and total protein excretion were determined. After extraction of total renal cortical RNA, specific oligonucleotides were used to generate a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) products of renal cortical rKLK1 and rKLK7 messenger (m)RNA. Southern blot analysis of these RT-PCR products were hybridized with appropriate gene-specific oligonucleotide probes. RESULTS After 12 weeks, the rats showed hyperglycemia, proteinuria and a reduced glomerular filtration rate. Renal kininogenase was reduced, as indicated by a reduction in the expression of rKLK1, as well as of the KLK-related gene, rKLK7. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that the expression of the two principal renal KLK genes is downregulated in the renal cortex of STZ-diabetic rats. We suggest that under severe diabetic conditions the rise in urinary BK excretion is not related to activation of the renal kinin-forming enzyme system.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tschöpe
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Benjamin Franklin, Free University of Berlin, Germany
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Tschöpe C, Gavriluk V, Reinecke A, Seidl U, Riester U, Hilgenfeldt U, Ritz E, Unger T. Bradykinin excretion is increased in severely hyperglycemic streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Immunopharmacology 1996; 33:344-8. [PMID: 8856182 DOI: 10.1016/0162-3109(96)00094-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The renal kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) was studied in pair-fed streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and compared with age-matched controls. Twelve weeks after STZ injection, rats were normotensive, showed hyperglycemia, proteinuria, polydipsia and reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and body weight. The activities of urinary prekallikrein (PKLK) and kallikrein (KLK) were reduced accompanied by an up to 3-fold increase of bradykinin (BK) excretion compared to controls. The increased BK excretion suggests that the renal KKS in STZ-diabetes is activated and that the reduction in urinary PKLK and KLK activity may be due to an increased consumption of these enzymes or to a negative feedback mechanism. The stimulation of the renal KKS in STZ-diabetes could reflect an attempt of the organism to balance glomerular hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tschöpe
- Department of Pharmacology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Germany
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Muzykantov VR, Gavriluk VD, Reinecke A, Atochina EN, Kuo A, Barnathan ES, Fisher AB. The functional effects of biotinylation of anti-angiotensin-converting enzyme monoclonal antibody in terms of targeting in vivo. Anal Biochem 1995; 226:279-87. [PMID: 7793629 DOI: 10.1006/abio.1995.1226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The effect of modification with biotin N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of mouse monoclonal antibody to angiotensin-converting enzyme, anti-ACE Mab 9B9, on its targeting to endothelial cells has been studied in vitro and in vivo. By in vitro assay, Mab 9B9 biotinylated at a biotin/IgG molar ratio in reaction mixture (B/IgG ratio) of 0.7-2.2 bound streptavidin monovalently and retained antigen-binding capacity. Mab 9B9 biotinylated at a B/IgG ratio of 20 and higher bound streptavidin polyvalently. Extensive biotinylation (B/IgG ratio of 60 and higher) led to dramatic reduction of Mab 9B9 Ag-binding capacity and to reduction of Mab 9B9 recognition by goat polyclonal antibody to mouse IgG. Radiolabeled Mab 9B9 biotinylated at a B/IgG ratio of 6 (b6-Mab 9B9) bound effectively to cultured vascular endothelium, with affinity characteristics similar to nonbiotinylated Mab 9B9. Endothelial cells internalized both Mab 9B9 and b6-Mab 9B9 to the same extent (60% internalization at 3 h incubation at 37 degrees C). Degradation of cell surface-associated Mab 9B9 or b6-Mab 9B9 was very low (< 1% as measured by TCA solubility of radiolabel). In contrast, degradation of internalized b6-Mab 9B9 was more profound than that of Mab 9B9 (20 +/- 3% vs 6 +/- 1%, P < 0.01). After injection in rats, radiolabeled b6-Mab 9B9 had a biodistribution pattern similar to that of radiolabeled Mab 9B9. Both preparations effectively accumulated in the lung (15-20% of injected dose/g of tissue vs 2% of injected dose/g of blood).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- V R Muzykantov
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104, USA
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al-Hasani S, van der Ven H, Diedrich K, Reinecke A, Hartje H, Krebs D. [Effect of sequential embryo transfer on pregnancy following in vitro fertilization]. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 1990; 50:640-3. [PMID: 2210312 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1026516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the influence of sequential embryo transfers in an in-vitro fertilisation programme was examined. After in-vitro fertilisation, a maximum of 6 fertilised oocytes were cultured. In cases with more than 6 fertilised oocytes, the rest was cryopreserved in the pronucleus stage. At day 2 after an oocytes retrieval, three embryos with the best morphological appearance were replaced and the remaining embryos (1-3) were cultured for further 3 days. At day 5 after oocytes collection, second a embryo transfer was performed, if one of these embryos had reached the blastocyst stage. In a total of 106 patients, 40 pregnancies (38%) could be observed. No statistical difference in the pregnancy rate could be seen between the group with a second embryo transfer (n = 38; 42%) and the group without second transfer (n = 68; 35%). The incidence of multiple pregnancy was not statistically different between both group and no high-rank multiple pregnancy (greater than Triplete) were observed. Out of 300 cultured embryos, only 59 embryos (17%) reached the blastocyst stage. In the group, in which a second embryo transfer was performed, 22 patients received one blastocyst and 13 patients two blastocysts during the second transfer. The second transfer did not have a significant effect on the pregnancy rate in this series. The most important factor for the induction of pregnancy seems to be the quality of the embryos transferred on day 2 following oocyte retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- S al-Hasani
- Abt. Gynäkologie, Universitäts-Frauenklinik Bonn-Venusberg
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Brix K, Reinecke A, Stockem W. Dynamics of the cytoskeleton in Amoeba proteus. III. Influence of microinjected antibodies on the organization and function of the microfilament system. Eur J Cell Biol 1990; 51:279-84. [PMID: 2112468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Affinity-purified antibodies against actin, myosin, alpha-actinin and vinculin cross-reacted with corresponding proteins from Amoeba proteus in immunoblotting experiments. Antibody staining of cells fixed during locomotion revealed different distribution patterns with a local concentration of anti-actin in the intermediate and of anti-myosin in the uroid region. Anti-alpha-actinin labeled a thin layer at the internal face of the plasma membrane, whereas anti-vinculin was distinctly concentrated at the base of advancing pseudopodia. Microinjection of different control solutions or antibodies against actin, myosin and alpha-actinin neither influenced the normal morphology and motile activity of amoebae nor changed the cellular distribution pattern of complementary antigens. However, antibodies against vinculin disorganized controlled locomotion and altered the spatial morphology of the microfilament system as well as the localization of the vinculin antigen thus pointing to a function of this protein in adhesion and locomotion of A. proteus. The results of the present paper show similarities to observations on mammalian tissue culture cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Brix
- Institute of Cytology, University of Bonn, Federal Republic of Germany
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Abstract
Three different methods were used for freezing human excess oocytes (320 frozen, 205 thawed) in our IVF programme and the results of these methods were compared. A high fertilization rate (75%) could be achieved after thawing, using 1,2 propanediol as a cryoprotectant. Polyploidy rates of 20% and 40% were observed using DMSO and 1,2-propanediol as cryoprotectants, respectively. Using the ultracooling method, the survival rate was poor (4%).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Al-Hasani
- Universitäts-Frauenklinik Bonn, Bonn-Venusberg, FRG
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Holm E, Kowollik H, Reinecke A, von Henning GE, Behne F, Scherer HD. [Comparative neurophysiologic studies using valtratum/isovaltratum and valerian extract in cats]. Med Welt 1980; 31:982-90. [PMID: 7421532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Weymar A, Eigenheer F, Gethmann JW, Reinecke A, Patschke D, Tarnow J, Brückner JB. [Experimental studies in animals on the effects of etomidate (R 26 490-sulfate) on the circulation and on the oxygenation of the myocardium (author's transl)]. Anaesthesist 1974; 23:150-7. [PMID: 4460738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Tarnow J, Brückner JB, Eberlein HJ, Patschke D, Reinecke A, Schmicke P. [Experimental studies on the influence of dopamine, glucagon, effortil, noradrenaline and dextran on haemodynamics during deep halothane anaesthesia]. Anaesthesist 1973; 22:8-15. [PMID: 4692615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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