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Todea A, Fortuna S, Ebert C, Asaro F, Tomada S, Cespugli M, Hollan F, Gardossi L. Rational Guidelines for the Two-Step Scalability of Enzymatic Polycondensation: Experimental and Computational Optimization of the Enzymatic Synthesis of Poly(glycerolazelate). CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102657. [PMID: 35199480 PMCID: PMC9320960 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The lipase-catalyzed polycondensation of azelaic acid and glycerol is investigated according to a Design-of-Experiment approach that helps to elucidate the effect of experimental variables on monomer conversion, Mn and regioselectivity of acylation of glycerol. Chemometric analysis shows that after 24 h the reaction proceeds regardless of the presence of the enzyme. Accordingly, the biocatalyst was removed after a first step of synthesis and the chain elongation continued at 80 °C. That allowed the removal of the biocatalyst and the preservation of its activity: pre-requites for efficient applicability at industrial scale. The experimental study, combined with docking-based computational analysis, provides rational guidelines for the optimization of the regioselective acylation of glycerol. The process is scaled up to 73.5 g of monomer. The novelty of the present study is the rigorous control of the reaction conditions and of the integrity of the immobilized biocatalyst, which serve to avoiding any interference of free enzyme or fines released in the reaction mixture. The quantitative analysis of the effect of experimental conditions and the overcoming of some major technical bottlenecks for the scalability of enzymatic polycondensation opens new scenarios for industrial exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Todea
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesInstitution University of TriesteAddress 1 Via L. Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
| | - Sara Fortuna
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesInstitution University of TriesteAddress 1 Via L. Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
- Current address: CONCEPT Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)I-16152GenovaItaly
| | - Cynthia Ebert
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesInstitution University of TriesteAddress 1 Via L. Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
| | - Fioretta Asaro
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesInstitution University of TriesteAddress 1 Via L. Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
| | - Stefano Tomada
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesInstitution University of TriesteAddress 1 Via L. Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
| | - Marco Cespugli
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesInstitution University of TriesteAddress 1 Via L. Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
| | - Fabio Hollan
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesInstitution University of TriesteAddress 1 Via L. Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
| | - Lucia Gardossi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesInstitution University of TriesteAddress 1 Via L. Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
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2
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Chen N, Chang B, Shi N, Yan W, Lu F, Liu F. Cross-linked enzyme aggregates immobilization: preparation, characterization, and applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2022; 43:369-383. [PMID: 35430938 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2038073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes are commonly used as biocatalysts for various biological and chemical processes. However, some major drawbacks of free enzymes (e.g. poor reusability and instability) significantly restrict their industrial practices. How to overcome these weaknesses remain considerable challenges. Enzyme immobilization is one of the most effective ways to improve the reusability and stability of enzymes. Cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) has been known as a novel and versatile carrier-free immobilization method. CLEAs is attractive due to its simplicity and robustness, without purification. It generally shows: high catalytic specificity and selectivity, good operational and storage stabilities, and good reusability. Moreover, co-immobilization of different kinds of enzymes can be acquired. These CLEAs advantages provide opportunities for further industrial applications. Herein, the preparation parameters of CLEAs were first summarized. Next, characterization of structural and catalytic properties, stability and reusability are also proposed. Finally, some important applications of this technique in: environmental protection, industrial chemistry, food industry, and pharmaceutical synthesis and delivery are introduced. Potential challenges and future research directions, such as improving cross-linking efficiency and internal mass transfer efficiency, are also presented. This implies that CLEAs provide an efficient and feasible technique to improve the properties of enzymes for use in the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Baogen Chang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Nian Shi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Wenxing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Fuping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Fufeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
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3
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Synthesis of fully biobased semi-aromatic furan polyamides with high performance through facile green synthesis process. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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4
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Enzymatic Synthesis of Muconic Acid-Based Polymers: Trans, Trans-Dimethyl Muconate and Trans, β-Dimethyl Hydromuconate. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13152498. [PMID: 34372101 PMCID: PMC8347093 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of commodity polymers are acquired from petrochemical feedstock, and these resources will plausibly be depleted within the next 100 years. Therefore, the utilization of carbon-neutral renewable resources for the production of polymers is crucial in modern green chemistry. Herein, we report an eco-friendly strategy that uses enzyme catalysis to design biobased unsaturated (co)polyesters from muconic acid derivatives. This method is an attractive pathway for the production of well-defined unsaturated polyesters with minimum side reactions. A suite of characterization techniques was performed to probe the reaction mechanism and properties of the obtained polyesters. It is rationalized that the alkene functionality of the muconate monomers plays an important role in the enzyme catalysis mechanism. The rendered polyesters possessed excellent thermal stabilities and unreacted alkene functionality that can consecutively undergo chain extension, copolymerization, or act as an anchor for other functional groups. These properties open new avenues in the fields of unsaturated polyester resins and photosensitive coatings.
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5
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Maniar D, Fodor C, Adi IK, Woortman AJJ, Dijken J, Loos K. Enzymatic synthesis and characterization of muconic acid‐based unsaturated polymer systems. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dina Maniar
- Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Csaba Fodor
- Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Indra Karno Adi
- Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
- Analytical Chemistry Research Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Bandung Institute of Technology Bandung Indonesia
- Current address: Dexa Development Centre Kawasan Industri Jababeka II Bekasi Indonesia
| | - Albert JJ Woortman
- Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Jur Dijken
- Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Katja Loos
- Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
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6
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Maniar D, Silvianti F, Ospina VM, Woortman AJ, van Dijken J, Loos K. On the way to greener furanic-aliphatic poly(ester amide)s: Enzymatic polymerization in ionic liquid. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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7
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Skoczinski P, Espinoza Cangahuala MK, Maniar D, Loos K. Lipase-Catalyzed Transamidation of Urethane-Bond-Containing Ester. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:1488-1495. [PMID: 32010822 PMCID: PMC6990427 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Significant improvement in mechanical properties and shape recovery in polyurethanes can be obtained by cross-linking, usually performed in a traditional chemical fashion. Here, we report model studies of enzymatic transamidations of urethane-bond-containing esters to study the principles of an enzymatic build-up of covalent cross-linked polyurethane networks via amide bond formation. The Lipase-catalyzed transamidation reaction of a urethane-bond-containing model ester ethyl 2-(hexylcarbamoyloxy)propanoate with various amines is discussed. A side product was formed, that could be successfully identified, and its synthesis reduced to a minimum (<1%). Furthermore, a noncatalyzed transamidation that is performed without CalB as the catalyst could be observed. Both observations are due to the known high reactivity of amines with urethane bonds.
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8
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Sun M, Nie K, Wang F, Deng L. Optimization of the Lipase-Catalyzed Selective Amidation of Phenylglycinol. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 7:486. [PMID: 32039186 PMCID: PMC6987038 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramides and their analogs have a regulatory effect on inflammatory cytokines expression. It was found that a kind of ceramides analog synthesized from phenylglycinol could inhibit the production of cytokine TNF-α. However, two active hydrogen groups are present in the phenylglycinol molecule. It is difficult to control the process without hydroxyl group protection to dominantly produce amide in the traditional chemical synthesis. A selective catalytic the amidation route of phenylglycinol by lipases was investigated in this research. The results indicated that the commercial immobilized lipase Novozym 435 has the best regio-selectivity on the amide group. Based on the experimental results and in silico simulation, it was found that the mechanism of specific N-acyl selectivity of lipase was not only from intramolecular migration and proton shuttle mechanism, but also from the special structure of active site of enzyme. The optimal reaction yield of aromatic amide compound in a solvent-free system with lipase loading of 15 wt% (to the weight of total substrate) reached 89.41 ± 2.8% with very few of byproducts detected (0.21 ± 0.1% ester and 0.64 ± 0.2% diacetylated compound). Compare to other reported works, this work have the advantages such as low enzyme loading, solvent free, and high N-acylation selectivity. Meanwhile, this Novozym 435 lipase based synthesis method has an excellent regio-selectivity on most kinds of amino alcohol compounds. Compared to the chemical method, the enzymatic synthesis exhibited high regio-selectivity, and conversion rates. The method could be a promising alternative strategy for the synthesis of aromatic alkanolamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meina Sun
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.,Amoy-BUCT Industrial Bio-technovation Institute, Xiamen, China
| | - Kaili Nie
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.,Amoy-BUCT Industrial Bio-technovation Institute, Xiamen, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Li Deng
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.,Amoy-BUCT Industrial Bio-technovation Institute, Xiamen, China
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9
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Thermal Upgrade of Enzymatically Synthesized Aliphatic and Aromatic Oligoesters. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13020368. [PMID: 31941019 PMCID: PMC7013642 DOI: 10.3390/ma13020368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatic synthesis of polyesters in solventless systems is an environmentally friendly and sustainable method for synthetizing bio-derived materials. Despite the greenness of the technique, in most cases only short oligoesters are obtained, with limited practical applications or requiring further chemical processing for their elongation. In this work, we present a catalyst-free thermal upgrade of enzymatically synthesized oligoesters. Different aliphatic and aromatic oligoesters were synthesized using immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (iCaLB) as the catalyst (70 °C, 24 h) yielding poly(1,4-butylene adipate) (PBA, Mw = 2200), poly(1,4-butylene isophthalate) (PBI, Mw = 1000), poly(1,4-butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PBF, Mw = 600), and poly(1,4-butylene 2,4-pyridinedicarboxylate) (PBP, Mw = 1000). These polyesters were successfully thermally treated to obtain an increase in Mw of 8.5, 2.6, 3.3, and 2.7 folds, respectively. This investigation focused on the most successful upgrade, poly(1,4-butylene adipate), then discussed the possible effect of di-ester monomers as compared to di-acids in the thermally driven polycondensation. The herein-described two-step synthesis method represents a practical and cost-effective way to synthesize higher-molecular-weight polymers without the use of toxic metal catalysts such as titanium(IV) tert-butoxide, tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate, and in particular, antimony(IV) oxide. At the same time, the method allows for the extension of the number of reuses of the biocatalyst by preventing its exposure to extreme denaturating conditions.
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10
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Ravasco JMJM, Monteiro CM, Siopa F, Trindade AF, Oble J, Poli G, Simeonov SP, Afonso CAM. Creating Diversity from Biomass: A Tandem Bio/Metal-Catalysis towards Chemoselective Synthesis of Densely Substituted Furans. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:4629-4635. [PMID: 31531965 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201902051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A new chemoselective (enzymatic desymmetrization/Ru-catalyzed C-H activation) sequence to obtain differently substituted furans from the largely available 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) was developed. Series of di- and trisubstituted furans were prepared in very good yields and excellent chemoselectivity. This study discloses a new approach towards valorization of the furanics platform through the use of FDCA as a stable intermediate, thus circumventing the chemical instability of the parent 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.
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Affiliation(s)
- João M J M Ravasco
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Monteiro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipa Siopa
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alexandre F Trindade
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Julie Oble
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM, Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, CNRS, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Giovanni Poli
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM, Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, CNRS, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Svilen P Simeonov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., bl. 9, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
- CERENA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos A M Afonso
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
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11
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Versatility of Candida antarctica lipase in the amide bond formation applied in organic synthesis and biotechnological processes. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Maniar D, Jiang Y, Woortman AJJ, van Dijken J, Loos K. Furan-Based Copolyesters from Renewable Resources: Enzymatic Synthesis and Properties. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:990-999. [PMID: 30637973 PMCID: PMC6563708 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201802867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic polymerization provides an excellent opportunity for the conversion of renewable resources into polymeric materials in an effective and sustainable manner. A series of furan-based copolyesters was synthesized withM w ‾ up to 35 kg mol-1 , by using Novozyme 435 as a biocatalyst and dimethyl 2,5-furandicarboxylate (DMFDCA), 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF), aliphatic linear diols, and diacid ethyl esters as monomers. The synthetic mechanism was evaluated by the variation of aliphatic linear monomers and their feed compositions. Interestingly, there was a significant decrease in the molecular weight if the aliphatic monomers were changed from diols to diacid ethyl esters. The obtained copolyesters were thoroughly characterized and compared with their polyester analogs. These findings provide a closer insight into the application of enzymatic polymerization techniques in designing sustainable high-performance polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Maniar
- Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric MaterialsZernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Yi Jiang
- Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric MaterialsZernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Albert J. J. Woortman
- Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric MaterialsZernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jur van Dijken
- Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric MaterialsZernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Katja Loos
- Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric MaterialsZernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
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13
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Abstract
Cutinases are α/β hydrolases, and their role in nature is the degradation of cutin. Such enzymes are usually produced by phytopathogenic microorganisms in order to penetrate their hosts. The first focused studies on cutinases started around 50 years ago. Since then, numerous cutinases have been isolated and characterized, aiming at the elucidation of their structure–function relations. Our deeper understanding of cutinases determines the applications by which they could be utilized; from food processing and detergents, to ester synthesis and polymerizations. However, cutinases are mainly efficient in the degradation of polyesters, a natural function. Therefore, these enzymes have been successfully applied for the biodegradation of plastics, as well as for the delicate superficial hydrolysis of polymeric materials prior to their functionalization. Even though research on this family of enzymes essentially began five decades ago, they are still involved in many reports; novel enzymes are being discovered, and new fields of applications arise, leading to numerous related publications per year. Perhaps the future of cutinases lies in their evolved descendants, such as polyesterases, and particularly PETases. The present article reviews the biochemical and structural characteristics of cutinases and cutinase-like hydrolases, and their applications in the field of bioremediation and biocatalysis.
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14
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Rwei SP, Ranganathan P, Chiang WY, Lee YH. Synthesis of Low Melting Temperature Aliphatic-Aromatic Copolyamides Derived from Novel Bio-Based Semi Aromatic Monomer. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10070793. [PMID: 30960719 PMCID: PMC6403590 DOI: 10.3390/polym10070793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work investigated the synthesis of a novel low melting temperature polyamide 6 (PA6) copolyamide (PA6-BABT/SA) with different aliphatic/aromatic units weight content using a melt poly-condensation process. The bio-based aromatic N1,N4-bis(4-aminobutyl) terephthalamide diamine (BABT) and long-chain aromatic polyamide salt (BABT/SA, salt of BABT, and sebacic acid), components used for the synthesis of copolyamides, were obtained from bio-based monomers. For the first time, the pertinent BABT/SA aromatic polyamide salt was isolated as a white solid and completely characterized. By varying the weight ratio of BABT/SA salt, a series of copolyamides with different molecular weights and physical properties were prepared. The aromatic BABT/SA salt disrupted crystallization of the final copolyamides and lowered the onset of melting. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction results indicated a steady decrease in the degrees of crystallinity with increasing BABT/SA salt segment ratio. Furthermore, compared to neat PA6, the obtained PA6-BABT/SA copolymers possessed a similar thermal stability and high transparency, but lower glass transition temperature around human body temperature. The PA6-BABT/SA copolymers with number-average molecular weight ≥30,000 Da presented good mechanical properties, specifically showing excellent tensile strength and elongation at break up to 105.2 MPa and 218.3%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syang-Peng Rwei
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
| | - Palraj Ranganathan
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
| | - Whe-Yi Chiang
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Huan Lee
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
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15
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Maniar D, Hohmann KF, Jiang Y, Woortman AJJ, van Dijken J, Loos K. Enzymatic Polymerization of Dimethyl 2,5-Furandicarboxylate and Heteroatom Diamines. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:7077-7085. [PMID: 30259005 PMCID: PMC6150640 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we have synthesized a diverse range of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA)-based semiaromatic polyamides via enzymatic polymerization. This novel class of polymers are biobased alternatives to polyphthalamides, which are petrol-based semiaromatic polyamides. From a commercial perspective, they have interesting properties as high-performance materials and engineering thermoplastics. It is even more appealing to explore novel FDCA-based polyamides with added functionality, for the development of sustainable functional materials. Here, a set of FDCA-based heteroatom polyamides have been successfully produced via Novozyme 435 (N435)-catalyzed polymerization of biobased dimethyl 2,5-furandicarboxylate with (potentially)heteroatom diamines, namely, 4,9-dioxa-1,12-dodecanediamine (DODA), diethylenetriamine, and 3,3-ethylenediiminopropylamine. We performed the enzymatic polymerization in solution and bulk. The latter approach is more sustainable and results in higher molecular weight products. Among the tested heteroatom diamines, N435 shows the highest catalytic activity toward DODA. Furthermore, we find that all obtained FDCA-based heteroatom polyamides are amorphous materials with a relatively high thermal stability. These heteroatom polyamides display a glass-transition temperature ranging from 41 to 107 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Maniar
- Macromolecular
Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina F. Hohmann
- Macromolecular
Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Yi Jiang
- Macromolecular
Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J. J. Woortman
- Macromolecular
Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jur van Dijken
- Macromolecular
Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Loos
- Macromolecular
Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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16
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Techniques for Preparation of Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates and Their Applications in Bioconversions. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8050174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymes are biocatalysts. They are useful in environmentally friendly production processes and have high potential for industrial applications. However, because of problems with operational stability, cost, and catalytic efficiency, many enzymatic processes have limited applications. The use of cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) has been introduced as an effective carrier-free immobilization method. This immobilization method is attractive because it is simple and robust, and unpurified enzymes can be used. Coimmobilization of different enzymes can be achieved. CLEAs generally show high catalytic activities, good storage and operational stabilities, and good reusability. In this review, we summarize techniques for the preparation of CLEAs for use as biocatalysts. Some important applications of these techniques in chemical synthesis and environmental applications are also included. CLEAs provide feasible and efficient techniques for improving the properties of immobilized enzymes for use in industrial applications.
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A review on enzymatic polymerization to produce polycondensation polymers: The case of aliphatic polyesters, polyamides and polyesteramides. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Totsingan F, Centore R, Gross RA. CAL-B catalyzed regioselective bulk polymerization of l-aspartic acid diethyl ester to α-linked polypeptides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:4030-4033. [PMID: 28345083 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc01300k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports that the bulk polymerization of l-aspartic acid diethyl ester catalyzed by immobilized CAL-B at 80 °C for 24 h gives primarily (∼95%) α-linked poly(l-aspartate) in 70% yield with DPavg = 50 and regioselectivity (α/β) = 94 : 6. Plots of log{[M]0/[M]t} vs. time and DPavgvs. conversion indicate that this polymerization proceeds in a controlled manner by a chain-growth mechanism up to 90% conversion. Thereafter, competition occurs between chain growth and step mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filbert Totsingan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), 4005B Biotechnology Building, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, New York 12180, USA.
| | - Robert Centore
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), 4005B Biotechnology Building, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, New York 12180, USA.
| | - Richard A Gross
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), 4005B Biotechnology Building, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, New York 12180, USA.
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Pellis A, Vastano M, Quartinello F, Herrero Acero E, Guebitz GM. His-Tag Immobilization of Cutinase 1 From Thermobifida cellulosilytica for Solvent-Free Synthesis of Polyesters. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [PMID: 28731627 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
For many years, lipase B from Candida antarctica (CaLB) was the primary biocatalyst used for enzymatic esterification and polycondensation reactions. More recently, the need for novel biocatalysts with different selectivity has arisen in the biotechnology and biocatalysis fields. The present work describes how the catalytic potential of Thermobifida cellulosilytica cutinase 1 (Thc_Cut1) was exploited for polyester synthesis. In a first step, Thc_Cut1 was immobilized on three different carriers, namely Opal, Coral, and Amber, using a novel non-toxic His-tag method based on chelated Fe(III) ions (>99% protein bounded). In a second step, the biocatalyzed synthesis of an array of aliphatic polyesters was conducted. A selectivity chain study in a solvent-free reaction environment showed how, in contrast to CaLB, Thc_Cut1 presents a certain preference for C6 -C4 ester-diol combinations reaching monomer conversions up to 78% and Mw of 878 g mol-1 when the Amber immobilized Thc_Cut1 was used. The synthetic potential of this cutinase was also tested in organic solvents, showing a marked activity decrease in polar media like that observed for CaLB. Finally, recyclability studies were performed, which showed an excellent stability of the immobilized Thc_Cut1 (retained activity >94%) over 24 h reaction cycles when a solvent-free workup was used. Concerning a practical application of the biocatalyst's preparation, the production of oligomers with Mn values below 10 kDa is usually desired for the production of nanoparticles and for the synthesis of functional pre-polymers for coating applications that can be crosslinked in a second reaction step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Pellis
- Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Marco Vastano
- Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria.,Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Felice Quartinello
- Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Enrique Herrero Acero
- Division Enzymes & Polymers, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology GmbH (ACIB), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Georg M Guebitz
- Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria.,Division Enzymes & Polymers, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology GmbH (ACIB), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
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Nature Inspired Solutions for Polymers: Will Cutinase Enzymes Make Polyesters and Polyamides Greener? Catalysts 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/catal6120205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Jiang Y, Loos K. Enzymatic Synthesis of Biobased Polyesters and Polyamides. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:E243. [PMID: 30974520 PMCID: PMC6432488 DOI: 10.3390/polym8070243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, "green" is a hot topic almost everywhere, from retailers to universities to industries; and achieving a green status has become a universal aim. However, polymers are commonly considered not to be "green", being associated with massive energy consumption and severe pollution problems (for example, the "Plastic Soup") as a public stereotype. To achieve green polymers, three elements should be entailed: (1) green raw materials, catalysts and solvents; (2) eco-friendly synthesis processes; and (3) sustainable polymers with a low carbon footprint, for example, (bio)degradable polymers or polymers which can be recycled or disposed with a gentle environmental impact. By utilizing biobased monomers in enzymatic polymerizations, many advantageous green aspects can be fulfilled. For example, biobased monomers and enzyme catalysts are renewable materials that are derived from biomass feedstocks; enzymatic polymerizations are clean and energy saving processes; and no toxic residuals contaminate the final products. Therefore, synthesis of renewable polymers via enzymatic polymerizations of biobased monomers provides an opportunity for achieving green polymers and a future sustainable polymer industry, which will eventually play an essential role for realizing and maintaining a biobased and sustainable society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Katja Loos
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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Kausar A. Waterborne polyurethane-coated polyamide/fullerene composite films: Mechanical, thermal, and flammability properties. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2016.1147729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Shoda SI, Uyama H, Kadokawa JI, Kimura S, Kobayashi S. Enzymes as Green Catalysts for Precision Macromolecular Synthesis. Chem Rev 2016; 116:2307-413. [PMID: 26791937 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present article comprehensively reviews the macromolecular synthesis using enzymes as catalysts. Among the six main classes of enzymes, the three classes, oxidoreductases, transferases, and hydrolases, have been employed as catalysts for the in vitro macromolecular synthesis and modification reactions. Appropriate design of reaction including monomer and enzyme catalyst produces macromolecules with precisely controlled structure, similarly as in vivo enzymatic reactions. The reaction controls the product structure with respect to substrate selectivity, chemo-selectivity, regio-selectivity, stereoselectivity, and choro-selectivity. Oxidoreductases catalyze various oxidation polymerizations of aromatic compounds as well as vinyl polymerizations. Transferases are effective catalysts for producing polysaccharide having a variety of structure and polyesters. Hydrolases catalyzing the bond-cleaving of macromolecules in vivo, catalyze the reverse reaction for bond forming in vitro to give various polysaccharides and functionalized polyesters. The enzymatic polymerizations allowed the first in vitro synthesis of natural polysaccharides having complicated structures like cellulose, amylose, xylan, chitin, hyaluronan, and chondroitin. These polymerizations are "green" with several respects; nontoxicity of enzyme, high catalyst efficiency, selective reactions under mild conditions using green solvents and renewable starting materials, and producing minimal byproducts. Thus, the enzymatic polymerization is desirable for the environment and contributes to "green polymer chemistry" for maintaining sustainable society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichiro Shoda
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University , Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University , Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Kadokawa
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University , Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Shunsaku Kimura
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shiro Kobayashi
- Center for Fiber & Textile Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology , Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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Jiang Y, Maniar D, Woortman AJJ, Loos K. Enzymatic synthesis of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid-based semi-aromatic polyamides: enzymatic polymerization kinetics, effect of diamine chain length and thermal properties. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14585j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustainable FDCA-based semi-aromatic polyamides are produced via enzymatic polymerization. The enzymatic polymerization kinetics, effect of diamine chain length, and thermal properties of the resulting polyamides are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Dina Maniar
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Albert J. J. Woortman
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Katja Loos
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
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25
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Pellis A, Ferrario V, Zartl B, Brandauer M, Gamerith C, Herrero Acero E, Ebert C, Gardossi L, Guebitz GM. Enlarging the tools for efficient enzymatic polycondensation: structural and catalytic features of cutinase 1 from Thermobifida cellulosilytica. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy01746g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic and structural properties make cutinase 1 from Thermobifida cellulosilytica a more efficient biocatalyst for polycondensations, also of short-chain monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Pellis
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
- Institute for Environmental Biotechnology
- 3430 Tulln an der Donau
- Austria
| | - V. Ferrario
- Laboratory of Applied and Computational Biocatalysis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università degli Studi di Trieste
- Trieste
- Italy
| | - B. Zartl
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
- Institute for Environmental Biotechnology
- 3430 Tulln an der Donau
- Austria
| | - M. Brandauer
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology GmbH
- Division Enzymes and Polymers
- 3430 Tulln an der Donau
- Austria
| | - C. Gamerith
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology GmbH
- Division Enzymes and Polymers
- 3430 Tulln an der Donau
- Austria
| | - E. Herrero Acero
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology GmbH
- Division Enzymes and Polymers
- 3430 Tulln an der Donau
- Austria
| | - C. Ebert
- Laboratory of Applied and Computational Biocatalysis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università degli Studi di Trieste
- Trieste
- Italy
| | - L. Gardossi
- Laboratory of Applied and Computational Biocatalysis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università degli Studi di Trieste
- Trieste
- Italy
| | - G. M. Guebitz
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
- Institute for Environmental Biotechnology
- 3430 Tulln an der Donau
- Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology GmbH
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26
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Jiang Y, Maniar D, Woortman AJJ, Alberda van Ekenstein GOR, Loos K. Enzymatic Polymerization of Furan-2,5-Dicarboxylic Acid-Based Furanic-Aliphatic Polyamides as Sustainable Alternatives to Polyphthalamides. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:3674-85. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer
Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dina Maniar
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Inorganic
and Physical Chemistry Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural
Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Albert J. J. Woortman
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gert O. R. Alberda van Ekenstein
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Loos
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer
Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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27
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Nyyssölä A. Which properties of cutinases are important for applications? Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:4931-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6596-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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28
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Jiang Y, Woortman AJJ, Alberda van Ekenstein GOR, Loos K. A biocatalytic approach towards sustainable furanic–aliphatic polyesters. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00629e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of sustainable furanic–aliphatic polyesters and oligoesters is successfully producedvia Candida antarcticaLipase B-catalyzed polymerization of biobased dimethyl 2,5-furandicarboxylate with various (potentially) renewable aliphatic diols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Albert J. J. Woortman
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | | | - Katja Loos
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
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29
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Jiang Y, Woortman AJJ, Alberda van Ekenstein GOR, Loos K. Environmentally benign synthesis of saturated and unsaturated aliphatic polyesters via enzymatic polymerization of biobased monomers derived from renewable resources. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00660k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Biobased saturated aliphatic polyesters and photo-curable unsaturated aliphatic polyesters are enzymatically polymerized, and their structure–property relationships are systematically studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Albert J. J. Woortman
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | | | - Katja Loos
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
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30
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Jiang Y, van Ekenstein GORA, Woortman AJJ, Loos K. Fully Biobased Unsaturated Aliphatic Polyesters from Renewable Resources: Enzymatic Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201400164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI); P.O. Box 902 5600 AX Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Gert O. R. Alberda van Ekenstein
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Albert J. J. Woortman
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Katja Loos
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI); P.O. Box 902 5600 AX Eindhoven The Netherlands
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31
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Jiang Y, Woortman AJJ, Alberda van Ekenstein GOR, Petrović DM, Loos K. Enzymatic Synthesis of Biobased Polyesters Using 2,5-Bis(hydroxymethyl)furan as the Building Block. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:2482-93. [DOI: 10.1021/bm500340w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J. J. Woortman
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gert O. R. Alberda van Ekenstein
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dejan M. Petrović
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Loos
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Zhang J, Shi H, Wu D, Xing Z, Zhang A, Yang Y, Li Q. Recent developments in lipase-catalyzed synthesis of polymeric materials. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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33
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Zhang WW, Wang N, Feng XW, Zhang Y, Yu XQ. Biocatalytic Synthesis of Optically Active Hydroxyesters via Lipase-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Aldol Reaction and Kinetic Resolution. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 173:535-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-0860-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Stavila E, Alberda van Ekenstein GOR, Woortman AJJ, Loos K. Lipase-catalyzed ring-opening copolymerization of ε-caprolactone and β-lactam. Biomacromolecules 2013; 15:234-41. [PMID: 24294825 DOI: 10.1021/bm401514k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatic ring-opening copolymerization of ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) and β-lactam by using Candida antarctica lipase B (CAL-B) as catalyst was studied. Variation of the feed ratios of 25:75, 50:50, and 75:25 of ε-CL/β-lactam was performed. The products contain poly(ε-CL-co-β-lactam) and the homopolymers of poly(ε-CL) and poly(β-lactam). The structure of the copolymers was determined by MALDI-ToF MS. Poly(ε-CL-co-β-lactam) has an alternating and random structure consisting of alternating repeating units with oligo(ε-CL) or oligo(β-lactam). The highest fraction of the alternating copolymers resulted from the reaction with a feed ratio 50:50. The copolymer is a semicrystalline polymer with a Tm at 124 °C and Tgs at -15 and 50 °C. Interestingly, the copolymer also demonstrated cold crystallization at 29 and 74 °C, after quenching the sample from the melt in liquid nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Stavila
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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35
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Jiang Y, Woortman AJJ, van Ekenstein GORA, Loos K. Enzyme-Catalyzed Synthesis of Unsaturated Aliphatic Polyesters Based on Green Monomers from Renewable Resources. Biomolecules 2013; 3:461-80. [PMID: 24970176 PMCID: PMC4030961 DOI: 10.3390/biom3030461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bio-based commercially available succinate, itaconate and 1,4-butanediol are enzymatically co-polymerized in solution via a two-stage method, using Candida antarctica Lipase B (CALB, in immobilized form as Novozyme® 435) as the biocatalyst. The chemical structures of the obtained products, poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and poly(butylene succinate-co-itaconate) (PBSI), are confirmed by 1H- and 13C-NMR. The effects of the reaction conditions on the CALB-catalyzed synthesis of PBSI are fully investigated, and the optimal polymerization conditions are obtained. With the established method, PBSI with tunable compositions and satisfying reaction yields is produced. The 1H-NMR results confirm that carbon-carbon double bonds are well preserved in PBSI. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) results indicate that the amount of itaconate in the co-polyesters has no obvious effects on the glass-transition temperature and the thermal stability of PBS and PBSI, but has significant effects on the melting temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Albert J J Woortman
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Gert O R Alberda van Ekenstein
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Katja Loos
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
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