1
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Tarudji AW, Miller HA, Curtis ET, Porter CL, Madsen GL, Kievit FM. Sex-based differences of antioxidant enzyme nanoparticle effects following traumatic brain injury. J Control Release 2023; 355:149-159. [PMID: 36720285 PMCID: PMC10006352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Following traumatic brain injury (TBI), reactive oxygen species (ROS) are released in excess, causing oxidative stress, carbonyl stress, and cell death, which induce the additional release of ROS. The limited accumulation and retention of small molecule antioxidants commonly used in clinical trials likely limit the target engagement and therapeutic effect in reducing secondary injury. Small molecule drugs also need to be administered every several hours to maintain bioavailability in the brain. Therefore, there is a need for a burst and sustained release system with high accumulation and retention in the injured brain. Here, we utilized Pro-NP™ with a size of 200 nm, which was designed to have a burst and sustained release of encapsulated antioxidants, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and catalase (CAT), to scavenge ROS for >24 h post-injection. Here, we utilized a controlled cortical impact (CCI) mouse model of TBI and found the accumulation of Pro-NP™ in the brain lesion was highest when injected immediately after injury, with a reduction in the accumulation with delayed administration of 1 h or more post-injury. Pro-NP™ treatment with 9000 U/kg SOD1 and 9800 U/kg CAT gave the highest reduction in ROS in both male and female mice. We found that Pro-NP™ treatment was effective in reducing carbonyl stress and necrosis at 1 d post-injury in the contralateral hemisphere in male mice, which showed a similar trend to untreated female mice. Although we found that male and female mice similarly benefit from Pro-NP™ treatment in reducing ROS levels 4 h post-injury, Pro-NP™ treatment did not significantly affect markers of post-traumatic oxidative stress in female CCI mice as compared to male CCI mice. These findings of protection by Pro-NP™ in male mice did not extend to 7 d post-injury, which suggests subsequent treatments with Pro-NP™ may be needed to afford protection into the chronic phase of injury. Overall, these different treatment effects of Pro-NP™ between male and female mice suggest important sex-based differences in response to antioxidant nanoparticle delivery and that there may exist a maximal benefit from local antioxidant activity in injured brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aria W Tarudji
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 262 Morrison Center, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Hunter A Miller
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 262 Morrison Center, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; ProTransit Nanotherapy, 16514L St., Omaha, NE 68135, USA
| | - Evan T Curtis
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 262 Morrison Center, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | | | - Gary L Madsen
- ProTransit Nanotherapy, 16514L St., Omaha, NE 68135, USA
| | - Forrest M Kievit
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 262 Morrison Center, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
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2
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Targeting vascular inflammation through emerging methods and drug carriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 184:114180. [PMID: 35271986 PMCID: PMC9035126 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute inflammation is a common dangerous component of pathogenesis of many prevalent conditions with high morbidity and mortality including sepsis, thrombosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), COVID-19, myocardial and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, infection, and trauma. Inflammatory changes of the vasculature and blood mediate the course and outcome of the pathology in the tissue site of insult, remote organs and systemically. Endothelial cells lining the luminal surface of the vasculature play the key regulatory functions in the body, distinct under normal vs. pathological conditions. In theory, pharmacological interventions in the endothelial cells might enable therapeutic correction of the overzealous damaging pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic changes in the vasculature. However, current agents and drug delivery systems (DDS) have inadequate pharmacokinetics and lack the spatiotemporal precision of vascular delivery in the context of acute inflammation. To attain this level of precision, many groups design DDS targeted to specific endothelial surface determinants. These DDS are able to provide specificity for desired tissues, organs, cells, and sub-cellular compartments needed for a particular intervention. We provide a brief overview of endothelial determinants, design of DDS targeted to these molecules, their performance in experimental models with focus on animal studies and appraisal of emerging new approaches. Particular attention is paid to challenges and perspectives of targeted therapeutics and nanomedicine for advanced management of acute inflammation.
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3
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Habibi N, Christau S, Ochyl LJ, Fan Z, Hassani Najafabadi A, Kuehnhammer M, Zhang M, Helgeson M, Klitzing R, Moon JJ, Lahann J. Engineered Ovalbumin Nanoparticles for Cancer Immunotherapy. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nahal Habibi
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Biointerfaces Institute University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Stephanie Christau
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Biointerfaces Institute University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Lukasz J. Ochyl
- Biointerfaces Institute University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Zixing Fan
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Alireza Hassani Najafabadi
- Biointerfaces Institute University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | | | - Mengwen Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Matthew Helgeson
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Regine Klitzing
- Department of Physics Technische Universitaet Darmstadt Darmstadt 64289 Germany
| | - James J. Moon
- Biointerfaces Institute University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Joerg Lahann
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Biointerfaces Institute University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
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4
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Zheng X, Li H, He Y, Yuan M, Shen M, Yang R, Jiang N, Yuan M, Yang C. Preparation and In Vitro Release of Total Alkaloids from Alstonia Scholaris Leaves Loaded mPEG-PLA Microspheres. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E1457. [PMID: 31064081 PMCID: PMC6540593 DOI: 10.3390/ma12091457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Total alkaloids of Alstonia scholaris leaves (ASAs) are extracted from the lamp leaves, which have positive anti-inflammatory activity and remarkable effects in treating bronchitis. Due to its short half-life, we used a degradable mPEG-PLA to physically encapsulate the total alkali of the lamp stage, and prepared a sustained-release microsphere by double-emulsion method. The ASAs-loaded mPEG10000-PLA microspheres were screened for better performance by testing the morphology, average particle size, embedding rate and drug loading of different molecular weight mPEG-PLA microspheres, which can stably and continuously release for 15 days at 37 °C. The results of cytotoxicity and blood compatibility indicated that the drug-loaded microspheres have beneficial biocompatibility. Animal experiments showed that the drug-loaded microspheres had a beneficial anti-inflammatory effect. These results all indicated that mPEG-PLA is a controlled release carrier material suitable for ASAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zheng
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Hongli Li
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Yi He
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Mingwei Yuan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Meili Shen
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Renyu Yang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Nianfeng Jiang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Minglong Yuan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Cui Yang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, China.
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5
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Parhiz H, Khoshnejad M, Myerson JW, Hood E, Patel PN, Brenner JS, Muzykantov VR. Unintended effects of drug carriers: Big issues of small particles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 130:90-112. [PMID: 30149885 PMCID: PMC6588191 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Humoral and cellular host defense mechanisms including diverse phagocytes, leukocytes, and immune cells have evolved over millions of years to protect the body from microbes and other external and internal threats. These policing forces recognize engineered sub-micron drug delivery systems (DDS) as such a threat, and react accordingly. This leads to impediment of the therapeutic action, extensively studied and discussed in the literature. Here, we focus on side effects of DDS interactions with host defenses. We argue that for nanomedicine to reach its clinical potential, the field must redouble its efforts in understanding the interaction between drug delivery systems and the host defenses, so that we can engineer safer interventions with the greatest potential for clinical success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Parhiz
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Makan Khoshnejad
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacob W Myerson
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hood
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Priyal N Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacob S Brenner
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine (CT3N), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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6
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Daiber A, Steven S, Weber A, Shuvaev VV, Muzykantov VR, Laher I, Li H, Lamas S, Münzel T. Targeting vascular (endothelial) dysfunction. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1591-1619. [PMID: 27187006 PMCID: PMC5446575 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are major contributors to global deaths and disability-adjusted life years, with hypertension a significant risk factor for all causes of death. The endothelium that lines the inner wall of the vasculature regulates essential haemostatic functions, such as vascular tone, circulation of blood cells, inflammation and platelet activity. Endothelial dysfunction is an early predictor of atherosclerosis and future cardiovascular events. We review the prognostic value of obtaining measurements of endothelial function, the clinical techniques for its determination, the mechanisms leading to endothelial dysfunction and the therapeutic treatment of endothelial dysfunction. Since vascular oxidative stress and inflammation are major determinants of endothelial function, we have also addressed current antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapies. In the light of recent data that dispute the prognostic value of endothelial function in healthy human cohorts, we also discuss alternative diagnostic parameters such as vascular stiffness index and intima/media thickness ratio. We also suggest that assessing vascular function, including that of smooth muscle and even perivascular adipose tissue, may be an appropriate parameter for clinical investigations. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Redox Biology and Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.12/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Daiber
- Center of CardiologyMedical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partner Site Rhine‐MainMainzGermany
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Center of CardiologyMedical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
- Center of Thrombosis and HemostasisMedical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Alina Weber
- Center of CardiologyMedical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Vladimir V. Shuvaev
- Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Vladimir R. Muzykantov
- Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Huige Li
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partner Site Rhine‐MainMainzGermany
- Department of PharmacologyMedical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Santiago Lamas
- Department of Cell Biology and ImmunologyCentro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC‐UAM)MadridSpain
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Center of CardiologyMedical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partner Site Rhine‐MainMainzGermany
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7
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Myerson JW, Anselmo AC, Liu Y, Mitragotri S, Eckmann DM, Muzykantov VR. Non-affinity factors modulating vascular targeting of nano- and microcarriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 99:97-112. [PMID: 26596696 PMCID: PMC4798918 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Particles capable of homing and adhering to specific vascular biomarkers have potential as fundamental tools in drug delivery for mediation of a wide variety of pathologies, including inflammation, thrombosis, and pulmonary disorders. The presentation of affinity ligands on the surface of a particle provides a means of targeting the particle to sites of therapeutic interest, but a host of other factors come into play in determining the targeting capacity of the particle. This review presents a summary of several key considerations in nano- and microparticle design that modulate targeted delivery without directly altering epitope-specific affinity. Namely, we describe the effect of factors in definition of the base carrier (including shape, size, and flexibility) on the capacity of carriers to access, adhere to, and integrate in target biological milieus. Furthermore, we present a summary of fundamental dynamics of carrier behavior in circulation, taking into account interactions with cells in circulation and the role of hemodynamics in mediating the direction of carriers to target sites. Finally, we note non-affinity aspects to uptake and intracellular trafficking of carriers in target cells. In total, recent findings presented here may offer an opportunity to capitalize on mitigating factors in the behavior of ligand-targeted carriers in order to optimize targeting.
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8
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Bayineni VK, Venkatesh K, Sahu CK, Kadeppagari RK. The 46 kDa dimeric protein from Variovorax paradoxus shows faster methotrexate degrading activity in its nanoform compare to the native enzyme. Enzyme Microb Technol 2016; 85:38-43. [PMID: 26920479 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Methotrexate degrading enzymes are required to overcome the toxicity of the methotrexate while treating the cancer. The enzyme from Variovorax paradoxus converts the methotrexate in to non toxic products. Methotrexate degrading enzyme from V. paradoxus is a dimeric protein with a molecular mass of 46 kDa and it acts on casein and gelatin. This enzyme is optimally active at pH 7.5 and 40°C and nanoparticles of this enzyme were prepared by desolvation-crosslinking method. Enzyme nanoparticles could degrade methotrexate faster than the native enzyme and they show lower Km compare to the native enzyme. Enzyme nanoparticles show better thermostability and they were stable for much longer time in the serum compare to the native enzyme. Enzyme nanoparticles show better functionality than the native enzyme while clearing the methotrexate added to the serum suggesting their advantage over the native enzyme for the therapeutic and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Krishna Bayineni
- NanoBiosciences, Centre for Emerging Technologies, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Jakkasandra, Kanakapura Main Road, Ramanagara Dist., Karnataka 562112, India
| | - Krishna Venkatesh
- NanoBiosciences, Centre for Emerging Technologies, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Jakkasandra, Kanakapura Main Road, Ramanagara Dist., Karnataka 562112, India
| | - Chandan Kumar Sahu
- NanoBiosciences, Centre for Emerging Technologies, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Jakkasandra, Kanakapura Main Road, Ramanagara Dist., Karnataka 562112, India
| | - Ravi-Kumar Kadeppagari
- NanoBiosciences, Centre for Emerging Technologies, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Jakkasandra, Kanakapura Main Road, Ramanagara Dist., Karnataka 562112, India.
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9
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Al Samad A, Bethry A, Koziolová E, Netopilík M, Etrych T, Bakkour Y, Coudane J, El Omar F, Nottelet B. PCL–PEG graft copolymers with tunable amphiphilicity as efficient drug delivery systems. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:6228-6239. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb01841f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Efficient drug delivery systems are prepared, thanks to the fine-tuning of the amphiphilicity and architecture of PCL–PEG graft copolymers via a simple photochemical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Al Samad
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- 34093 Montpellier cedex 5
- France
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry
| | - A. Bethry
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- 34093 Montpellier cedex 5
- France
| | - E. Koziolová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry AS CR
- 162 06 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - M. Netopilík
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry AS CR
- 162 06 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - T. Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry AS CR
- 162 06 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Y. Bakkour
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry
- Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology
- Lebanese University
- Lebanon
| | - J. Coudane
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- 34093 Montpellier cedex 5
- France
| | - F. El Omar
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry
- Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology
- Lebanese University
- Lebanon
| | - B. Nottelet
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- 34093 Montpellier cedex 5
- France
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10
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Ramesh K, Singh S, Mitra K, Chattopadhyay D, Misra N, Ray B. Self-assembly of Novel Poly(d,l-Lactide-co-Glycolide)-b-Poly(N-Vinylpyrrolidone) (PLGA-b-PNVP) Amphiphilic Diblock Copolymers. Colloid Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-015-3795-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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11
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Authimoolam SP, Lakes AL, Puleo DA, Dziubla TD. Layer-by-Layers of Polymeric Micelles as a Biomimetic Drug-Releasing Network. Macromol Biosci 2015; 16:242-54. [PMID: 26418812 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mucin networks are lubricous biofunctional coats formed through the continuous deposition of mucin glycoproteins. Previously, we demonstrated the synthesis of a mucin mimic using biotinylated-filomicelles crosslinked via streptavidin using a layer-by-layer approach. These networks recreate the fibrous nature of mucin and can serve as a drug-releasing network. In this work, the ability to vary the network properties by blending filomicelles with spherical micelles is demonstrated. In addition, the deposition of a dense polymer coating on the mucin network was shown to act as a barrier to control diffusion and improved the structural stability under simulated oral chemical conditions. These biomimetic coatings can be utilized as a delivery system, providing a tunable drug release for oral applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundar P Authimoolam
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Kentucky, 177 F. Paul Anderson Tower, Lexington, Kentucky, 40506, USA
| | - Andrew L Lakes
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Kentucky, 177 F. Paul Anderson Tower, Lexington, Kentucky, 40506, USA
| | - David A Puleo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Kentucky, 522 Robotics Building, Lexington, Kentucky, 40506, USA
| | - Thomas D Dziubla
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Kentucky, 177 F. Paul Anderson Tower, Lexington, Kentucky, 40506, USA.
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12
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Richard PU, Duskey JT, Stolarov S, Spulber M, Palivan CG. New concepts to fight oxidative stress: nanosized three-dimensional supramolecular antioxidant assemblies. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 12:1527-45. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.1036738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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13
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Abstract
This review describes nanoparticles made from protein by self-assembly or desolvation as carriers for the delivery of therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. P. Herrera Estrada
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering. Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - J. A. Champion
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering. Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
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14
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Howard MD, Hood ED, Zern B, Shuvaev VV, Grosser T, Muzykantov VR. Nanocarriers for vascular delivery of anti-inflammatory agents. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 54:205-26. [PMID: 24392694 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-011613-140002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for improved treatment of acute vascular inflammation in conditions such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, acute lung injury, sepsis, and stroke. The vascular endothelium represents an important therapeutic target in these conditions. Furthermore, some anti-inflammatory agents (AIAs) (e.g., biotherapeutics) require precise delivery into subcellular compartments. In theory, optimized delivery to the desired site of action may improve the effects and enable new mechanisms of action of these AIAs. Diverse nanocarriers (NCs) and strategies for targeting them to endothelial cells have been designed and explored for this purpose. Studies in animal models suggest that delivery of AIAs using NCs may provide potent and specific molecular interventions in inflammatory pathways. However, the industrial development and clinical translation of complex NC-AIA formulations are challenging. Rigorous analysis of therapeutic/side effect and benefit/cost ratios is necessary to identify and optimize the approaches that may find clinical utility in the management of acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa D Howard
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104;
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15
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Authimoolam SP, Vasilakes AL, Shah NM, Puleo DA, Dziubla TD. Synthetic oral mucin mimic from polymer micelle networks. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:3099-111. [PMID: 24992241 PMCID: PMC4130247 DOI: 10.1021/bm5006917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Mucin networks are formed in the
oral cavity by complexation of
glycoproteins with other salivary proteins, yielding a hydrated lubricating
barrier. The function of these networks is linked to their structural,
chemical, and mechanical properties. Yet, as these properties are
interdependent, it is difficult to tease out their relative importance.
Here, we demonstrate the ability to recreate the fibrous like network
through a series of complementary rinses of polymeric worm-like micelles,
resulting in a 3-dimensional (3D) porous network that can be deposited
layer-by-layer onto any surface. In this work, stability, structure,
and microbial capture capabilities were evaluated as a function of
network properties. It was found that network structure alone was
sufficient for bacterial capture, even with networks composed of the
adhesion-resistant polymer, poly(ethylene glycol). The synthetic networks
provide an excellent, yet simple, means of independently characterizing
mucin network properties (e.g., surface chemistry, stiffness, and
pore size).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundar P Authimoolam
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Kentucky , 177 F. Paul Anderson Tower, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
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16
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Howard M, Zern BJ, Anselmo AC, Shuvaev VV, Mitragotri S, Muzykantov V. Vascular targeting of nanocarriers: perplexing aspects of the seemingly straightforward paradigm. ACS NANO 2014; 8:4100-32. [PMID: 24787360 PMCID: PMC4046791 DOI: 10.1021/nn500136z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Targeted nanomedicine holds promise to find clinical use in many medical areas. Endothelial cells that line the luminal surface of blood vessels represent a key target for treatment of inflammation, ischemia, thrombosis, stroke, and other neurological, cardiovascular, pulmonary, and oncological conditions. In other cases, the endothelium is a barrier for tissue penetration or a victim of adverse effects. Several endothelial surface markers including peptidases (e.g., ACE, APP, and APN) and adhesion molecules (e.g., ICAM-1 and PECAM) have been identified as key targets. Binding of nanocarriers to these molecules enables drug targeting and subsequent penetration into or across the endothelium, offering therapeutic effects that are unattainable by their nontargeted counterparts. We analyze diverse aspects of endothelial nanomedicine including (i) circulation and targeting of carriers with diverse geometries, (ii) multivalent interactions of carrier with endothelium, (iii) anchoring to multiple determinants, (iv) accessibility of binding sites and cellular response to their engagement, (v) role of cell phenotype and microenvironment in targeting, (vi) optimization of targeting by lowering carrier avidity, (vii) endocytosis of multivalent carriers via molecules not implicated in internalization of their ligands, and (viii) modulation of cellular uptake and trafficking by selection of specific epitopes on the target determinant, carrier geometry, and hydrodynamic factors. Refinement of these aspects and improving our understanding of vascular biology and pathology is likely to enable the clinical translation of vascular endothelial targeting of nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Howard
- Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine, Institute for Translational Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Blaine J. Zern
- Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine, Institute for Translational Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Aaron C. Anselmo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Bioengineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Vladimir V. Shuvaev
- Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine, Institute for Translational Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Bioengineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Vladimir Muzykantov
- Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine, Institute for Translational Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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17
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Thomas CS, Olsen BD. Coil fraction-dependent phase behaviour of a model globular protein-polymer diblock copolymer. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:3093-102. [PMID: 24695642 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm52531g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of the model globular protein-polymer block copolymer mCherry-b-poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) is explored across a range of polymer coil fractions from 0.21 to 0.82 to produce a phase diagram for these materials as a function of molecular composition. Overall, four types of morphologies were observed: hexagonally packed cylinders, perforated lamellae, lamellae, and disordered nanostructures. Across all coil fractions and morphologies, a lyotropic re-entrant order-disorder transition in water was observed, with disordered structures below 30 wt% and above 70 wt% and well-ordered morphologies at intermediate concentrations. Solid state samples prepared by solvent evaporation show moderately ordered structures similar to those observed in 60 wt% solutions, suggesting that bulk structures result from kinetic trapping of morphologies which appear at lower concentrations. While highly ordered cylindrical nanostructures are observed around a bioconjugate polymer volume fraction of 0.3 and well-ordered lamellae are seen near a volume fraction of 0.6, materials at lower or higher coil fractions become increasingly disordered. Notable differences between the phase behaviour of globular protein-polymer block copolymers and coil-coil diblock copolymers include the lack of spherical nanostructures at either high or low polymer coil fractions as well as shifted phase boundaries between morphologies which result in an asymmetric phase diagram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla S Thomas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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18
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Estrada LH, Chu S, Champion JA. Protein nanoparticles for intracellular delivery of therapeutic enzymes. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:1863-71. [PMID: 24740820 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The use of enzymes as therapeutics is very promising because of their catalytic activity and specificity. However, intracellular delivery of active enzymes is challenging due to their low stability and large size. The production of protein-enzyme nanoparticles was investigated with the goal of developing a protein carrier for active enzyme delivery. β-Galactosidase (β-gal), an enzyme whose deficiency is the cause of some lysosomal storage disorders, was incorporated into enhanced green fluorescent protein nanoparticles prepared via desolvation. Particle size was found to be sensitive to the type of cross-linker, cross-linking time, and the presence of imidazole. The results indicate that β-gal activity is highly retained (>70%) after particle fabrication and >85% of protein is incorporated in the particles. Protein-enzyme nanoparticles exhibited higher internalization in multiple cell lines in vitro, compared with the soluble enzyme. Importantly, β-gal retained its activity following intracellular delivery. These data demonstrate that protein nanoparticles are a biocompatible, high-efficiency alternative for intracellular delivery of active enzyme therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Herrera Estrada
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
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19
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Hood ED, Chorny M, Greineder CF, S Alferiev I, Levy RJ, Muzykantov VR. Endothelial targeting of nanocarriers loaded with antioxidant enzymes for protection against vascular oxidative stress and inflammation. Biomaterials 2014; 35:3708-15. [PMID: 24480537 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial-targeted delivery of antioxidant enzymes, catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD), is a promising strategy for protecting organs and tissues from inflammation and oxidative stress. Here we describe Protective Antioxidant Carriers for Endothelial Targeting (PACkET), the first carriers capable of targeted endothelial delivery of both catalase and SOD. PACkET formed through controlled precipitation loaded ~30% enzyme and protected it from proteolytic degradation, whereas attachment of PECAM monoclonal antibodies to surface of the enzyme-loaded carriers, achieved without adversely affecting their stability and functionality, provided targeting. Isotope tracing and microscopy showed that PACkET exhibited specific endothelial binding and internalization in vitro. Endothelial targeting of PACkET was validated in vivo by specific (vs IgG-control) accumulation in the pulmonary vasculature after intravenous injection achieving 33% of injected dose at 30 min. Catalase loaded PACkET protects endothelial cells from killing by H2O2 and alleviated the pulmonary edema and leukocyte infiltration in mouse model of endotoxin-induced lung injury, whereas SOD-loaded PACkET mitigated cytokine-induced endothelial pro-inflammatory activation and endotoxin-induced lung inflammation. These studies indicate that PACkET offers a modular approach for vascular targeting of therapeutic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D Hood
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Michael Chorny
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Colin F Greineder
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ivan S Alferiev
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert J Levy
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, USA.
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20
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Khan M, Narayanan K, Lu H, Choo Y, Du C, Wiradharma N, Yang YY, Wan ACA. Delivery of reprogramming factors into fibroblasts for generation of non-genetic induced pluripotent stem cells using a cationic bolaamphiphile as a non-viral vector. Biomaterials 2013; 34:5336-43. [PMID: 23601660 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Protein delivery allows a clinical effect to be directly realized without genetic modification of the host cells. We have developed a cationic bolaamphiphile as a non-viral vector for protein delivery application. The relatively low toxicity and efficient protein delivery by the cationic bolaamphiphile prompted us to test the system for the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as an alternative to the conventional vector-based genetic approach. Studies on the kinetics and cytotoxicity of the protein delivery system led us to use an optimized cationic bolaamphiphile-protein complex ratio of 7:1 (wt/wt) and a 3 h period of incubation with human fibroblasts, to ensure complete and non-toxic protein delivery of the reprogramming proteins. The reprogrammed cells were shown to exhibit the characteristics of embryonic stem cells, including expression of pluripotent markers, teratoma formation in SCID mice, and ability to be differentiated into a specific lineage, as exemplified by neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majad Khan
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The Nanos, Singapore
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21
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Dombu C, Carpentier R, Betbeder D. Influence of surface charge and inner composition of nanoparticles on intracellular delivery of proteins in airway epithelial cells. Biomaterials 2012; 33:9117-26. [PMID: 22981076 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of protein in the airway using nanoparticles (NP) is an emerging strategy that shows encouraging results in vivo for several applications. However, the mechanisms by which NP deliver proteins to the inside of cells remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the intracellular delivery of ovalbumin (OVA) in human airway cells by two porous cationic polysaccharides nanoparticles. These NP have the same surface charge density but differ in that their inner core contains either cationic or anionic charges (respectively: NP(+) and DGNP(+)). Confocal microscopy showed a rapid uptake of both NP by human airway cells, followed by a significant accumulation in clathrin vesicles and early endosomes. Both NP were found to associate OVA in a quantitative manner, and this association was stable even in presence of serum proteins. We observed that the two NP greatly increased OVA uptake by human airway cells, meanwhile FRET studies using FITC-labelled NP and TRITC-labelled OVA showed a gradual release of OVA from NP within cells, and this was much faster with DGNP(+) than NP(+). These results were confirmed using OVA-DQ to follow OVA degradation fragments within cells. Both NP increased intracellular proteolysis of OVA, however DGNP(+) facilitated OVA escape from endosomes. Studies with trypsin and pepsin at different pH strongly suggested that both NP can protect (in the extracellular medium) or promote (in acidic endosomes) protein proteolysis, depending on the environment. Interestingly, the mechanisms involved could be explained as a function of protein global charge at different pH. All these results confirm the importance of not only the surface charge but also the inner composition of NP in determining their efficacy as tools for the delivery of proteins to different cellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Dombu
- EA4483, IMPRT, IFR 114, Université de Lille Nord de France, 1 place Verdun, 59000 Lille, France
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22
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Muzykantov VR, Radhakrishnan R, Eckmann DM. Dynamic factors controlling targeting nanocarriers to vascular endothelium. Curr Drug Metab 2012; 13:70-81. [PMID: 22292809 DOI: 10.2174/138920012798356916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Revised: 03/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Endothelium lining the luminal surface of blood vessels is the key target and barrier for vascular drug delivery. Nanocarriers coated with antibodies or affinity peptides that bind specifically to endothelial surface determinants provide targeted delivery of therapeutic cargoes to these cells. Endothelial targeting consists of several phases including circulation in the bloodstream, anchoring on the endothelial surface and, in some cases, intracellular uptake and trafficking of the internalized materials. Dynamic parameters of the vasculature including the blood hydrodynamics as well as surface density, accessibility, membrane mobility and clustering of target determinants modulate these phases of the targeting, especially anchoring to endothelium. Further, such controlled parameters of design of drug nanocarriers such as affinity, surface density and epitope specificity of targeting antibodies, carrier size and shape also modulate endothelial targeting and resultant sub-cellular addressing. This article reviews experimental and computational approaches for analysis of factors modulating targeting nanocarriers to the endothelial cells.
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23
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Ambati J, Lopez AM, Cochran D, Wattamwar P, Bean K, Dziubla TD, Rankin SE. Engineered silica nanocarriers as a high-payload delivery vehicle for antioxidant enzymes. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:2096-103. [PMID: 22366223 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant enzymes for the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases remain a highly promising therapeutic approach. As poor localization and stability have been the greatest challenges to their clinical translation, a variety of nanocarrier systems have been developed to directly address these limitations. In most cases, there has been a trade-off between the delivered mass of enzyme loaded and the carrier's ability to protect the enzyme from proteolytic degradation. One potential method of overcoming this limitation is the use of ordered mesoporous silica materials as potential antioxidant enzyme nanocarriers. The present study compared the loading, activity and retention activity of an anti-oxidant enzyme, catalase, on four engineered mesoporous silica types: non-porous silica particles, spherical silica particles with radially oriented pores and hollow spherical silica particles with pores oriented either parallel to the hollow core or expanded, interconnected bimodal pores. All these silica types, except non-porous silica, displayed potential for effective catalase loading and protection against the proteolytic enzyme, pronase. Hollow particles with interconnected pores exhibit protein loading of up to 50 wt.% carrier mass, while still maintaining significant protection against proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ambati
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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24
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Endothelial targeting of polymeric nanoparticles stably labeled with the PET imaging radioisotope iodine-124. Biomaterials 2012; 33:5406-13. [PMID: 22560201 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Targeting of therapeutics or imaging agents to the endothelium has the potential to improve specificity and effectiveness of treatment for many diseases. One strategy to achieve this goal is the use of nanoparticles (NPs) targeted to the endothelium by ligands of protein determinants present on this tissue, including cell adhesion molecules, peptidases, and cell receptors. However, detachment of the radiolabel probes from NPs poses a significant problem. In this study, we devised polymeric NPs directly labeled with radioiodine isotopes including the positron emission tomography (PET) isotope (124)I, and characterized their targeting to specific endothelial determinants. This approach provided sizable, targetable probes for specific detection of endothelial surface determinants non-invasively in live animals. Direct conjugation of radiolabel to NPs allowed for stable longitudinal tracking of tissue distribution without label detachment even in an aggressive proteolytic environment. Further, this approach permits tracking of NP pharmacokinetics in real-time and non-invasive imaging of the lung in mice using micro-PET imaging. The use of this strategy will considerably improve investigation of NP interactions with target cells and PET imaging in small animals, which ultimately can aid in the optimization of targeted drug delivery.
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25
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Hood E, Simone E, Wattamwar P, Dziubla T, Muzykantov V. Nanocarriers for vascular delivery of antioxidants. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012; 6:1257-72. [PMID: 21929460 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant enzymes (AOEs) catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) detoxify harmful reactive oxygen species, but the therapeutic utility of AOEs is hindered by inadequate delivery. AOE modification by poly-ethylene glycol (PEG) and encapsulation in PEG-coated liposomes increases the AOE bioavailability and enhances protective effects in animal models. Pluronic-based micelles formed with AOEs show even more potent protective effects. Furthermore, polymeric nanocarriers (PNCs) based on PEG-copolymers protect encapsulated AOEs from proteolysis and improve delivery to the target cells, such as the endothelium lining the vascular lumen. Antibodies to endothelial determinants conjugated to AOEs or AOE carriers provide targeting and intracellular delivery. Targeted liposomes, protein conjugates and magnetic nanoparticles deliver AOEs to sites of vascular oxidative stress in the cardiovascular, pulmonary and nervous systems. Further advances in nanodevices for AOE delivery will provide a basis for the translation of this approach in the clinical domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Hood
- Department of Pharmacology & Institute for Translational Medicine & Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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26
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Palivan CG, Fischer-Onaca O, Delcea M, Itel F, Meier W. Protein–polymer nanoreactors for medical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:2800-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15240h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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27
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Gao C, Zhang H, Wu M, Liu Y, Wu Y, Yang X, Feng X. Polyethyleneimine functionalized polymer microsphere: a novel delivery vector for cells. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20012k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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28
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Moutinho CG, Matos CM, Teixeira JA, Balcão VM. Nanocarrier possibilities for functional targeting of bioactive peptides and proteins: state-of-the-art. J Drug Target 2011; 20:114-41. [PMID: 22023555 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2011.628397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review attempts to provide an updated compilation of studies reported in the literature pertaining to production of nanocarriers encasing peptides and/or proteins, in a way that helps the reader direct a bibliographic search and develop an integrated perspective of the subject. Highlights are given to bioactive proteins and peptides, with a special focus on those from dairy sources (including physicochemical characteristics and properties, and biopharmaceutical application possibilities of e.g. lactoferrin and glycomacropeptide), as well as to nanocarrier functional targeting. Features associated with micro- and (multiple) nanoemulsions, micellar systems, liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles, together with biopharmaceutical considerations, are presented in the text in a systematic fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla G Moutinho
- Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Chemistry Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal
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29
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Klyachko NL, Manickam DS, Brynskikh AM, Uglanova SV, Li S, Higginbotham SM, Bronich TK, Batrakova EV, Kabanov AV. Cross-linked antioxidant nanozymes for improved delivery to CNS. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2011; 8:119-29. [PMID: 21703990 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2011.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2010] [Revised: 04/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Formulations of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1, also known as Cu/Zn SOD) and catalase were prepared by electrostatic coupling of enzymes with cationic block copolymers, polyethyleneimine-poly(ethylene glycol) or poly(L-lysine)-poly(ethylene glycol), followed by covalent cross-linking to stabilize nanoparticles (NPs). Different cross-linking strategies (using glutaraldehyde, bis-(sulfosuccinimidyl)suberate sodium salt or 1-Ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride with N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide) and reaction conditions (pH and polycation/protein charge ratio) were investigated that allowed immobilizing active enzymes in cross-linked NPs, termed "nanozymes." Bienzyme NPs, containing both SOD1 and catalase were also formulated. Formation of complexes was confirmed using denaturing gel electrophoresis and western blotting; physicochemical characterization was conducted using dynamic light scattering and atomic force microscopy. In vivo studies of (125)I-labeled SOD1-containing nanozymes in mice demonstrated their increased stability in both blood and brain and increased accumulation in brain tissues, in comparison with non-cross-linked complexes and native SOD1. Future studies will evaluate the potential of these formulations for delivery of antioxidant enzymes to the central nervous system to attenuate oxidative stress associated with neurological diseases. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Formulations of antioxidant enzyme complexes were demonstrated along with their increased stability in both blood and brain and increased accumulation in CNS tissue. Future studies will evaluate the potential of these formulations for antioxidant enzyme deliver to the CNS to attenuate oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia L Klyachko
- Department of Chemical Enzymology, Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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30
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Hong J, Kim BS, Char K, Hammond PT. Inherent Charge-Shifting Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Blends: A Facile Route for Tunable Protein Release from Surfaces. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:2975-81. [DOI: 10.1021/bm200566k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinkee Hong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The National Creative Research Initiative Center for Intelligent Hybrids, The WCU Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy & Environment, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Su Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kookheon Char
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The National Creative Research Initiative Center for Intelligent Hybrids, The WCU Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy & Environment, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Paula T. Hammond
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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31
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Yadav SC, Kumari A, Yadav R. Development of peptide and protein nanotherapeutics by nanoencapsulation and nanobioconjugation. Peptides 2011; 32:173-87. [PMID: 20934475 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 10/02/2010] [Accepted: 10/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The targeted delivery of therapeutic peptide by nanocarriers systems requires the knowledge of interactions of nanomaterials with the biological environment, peptide release, and stability of therapeutic peptides. Therapeutic application of nanoencapsulated peptides are increasing exponentially and >1000 peptides in nanoencapsulated form are in different clinical/trial phase. This review covers current scenario of therapeutic protein and peptides encapsulation on polymer to metallic nanocarriers including methods of protein encapsulation, peptide bioconjugation on nanoparticles, stability enhancement of encapsulated proteins and its biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Chandra Yadav
- Nanobiology Lab, Biotechnology Division, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur 176061 HP India.
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32
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Brynskikh AM, Zhao Y, Mosley RL, Li S, Boska MD, Klyachko NL, Kabanov AV, Gendelman HE, Batrakova EV. Macrophage delivery of therapeutic nanozymes in a murine model of Parkinson's disease. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2010; 5:379-96. [PMID: 20394532 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.10.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease is a common progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with profound nigrostriatal degeneration. Regrettably, no therapies are currently available that can attenuate disease progression. To this end, we developed a cell-based nanoformulation delivery system using the antioxidant enzyme catalase to attenuate neuroinflammatory processes linked to neuronal death. METHODS Nanoformulated catalase was obtained by coupling catalase to a synthetic polyelectrolyte of opposite charge, leading to the formation of a polyion complex micelle. The nanozyme was loaded into bone marrow macrophages and its transport to the substantia nigra pars compacta was evaluated in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-intoxicated mice. RESULTS Therapeutic efficacy of bone marrow macrophages loaded with nanozyme was confirmed by twofold reductions in microgliosis as measured by CD11b expression. A twofold increase in tyrosine hydroxylase-expressing dopaminergic neurons was detected in nanozyme-treated compared with untreated MPTP-intoxicated mice. Neuronal survival was confirmed by magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging. Bone marrow macrophage-loaded catalase showed sustained release of the enzyme in plasma. CONCLUSION These data support the importance of macrophage-based nanozyme carriage for Parkinson's disease therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Brynskikh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Abstract
Recent advances in biotechnology demonstrate that peptides and proteins are the basis of a new generation of drugs. However, the transportation of protein drugs in the body is limited by their high molecular weight, which prevents the crossing of tissue barriers, and by their short lifetime due to immuno response and enzymatic degradation. Moreover, the ability to selectively deliver drugs to target organs, tissues or cells is a major challenge in the treatment of several human diseases, including cancer. Indeed, targeted delivery can be much more efficient than systemic application, while improving bioavailability and limiting undesirable side effects. This review describes how the use of targeted nanocarriers such as nanoparticles and liposomes can improve the pharmacokinetic properties of protein drugs, thus increasing their safety and maximizing the therapeutic effect.
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34
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Simone E, Dziubla T, Shuvaev V, Muzykantov VR. Synthesis and characterization of polymer nanocarriers for the targeted delivery of therapeutic enzymes. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 610:145-64. [PMID: 20013177 PMCID: PMC3085892 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-029-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Protein drugs, such as recombinant enzymes useful for detoxification and replacement therapies, have extraordinary specificity and potency. However, inherently inadequate delivery to target sites and rapid inactivation limit their medical utility. Using chaperone polymeric particles designed within an injectible size range (sub-micron) may help solve these shortcomings. Such nanocarriers would (i) prevent premature inactivation of encapsulated therapeutic protein cargoes, (ii) provide a carrier that can be surface decorated by targeting ligands, and (iii) optimize sub-cellular localization of the drug. This chapter describes the techniques successfully employed for the preparation of polymer nanocarriers (PNC) loaded with the antioxidant enzyme, catalase, and targeted to endothelial cells. Methods of PNC synthesis, loading with catalase, characterization, coupling of a targeting moiety, and in vitro testing of the enzymatic and targeting activities are provided here. Advantages and disadvantages of specific designs are discussed. Due to the modular nature of the targeting methodology employed, it is believed that these protocols will provide a solid foundation for the formulation of a wide variety of enzymatic drug targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Simone
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Formulation Development, 130 Waverly Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Graff A, Fraysse-Ailhas C, Palivan CG, Grzelakowski M, Friedrich T, Vebert C, Gescheidt G, Meier W. Amphiphilic Copolymer Membranes Promote NADH:Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase Activity: Towards an Electron-Transfer Nanodevice. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200900517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Simone EA, Dziubla TD, Discher DE, Muzykantov VR. Filamentous polymer nanocarriers of tunable stiffness that encapsulate the therapeutic enzyme catalase. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:1324-30. [PMID: 19385657 DOI: 10.1021/bm900189x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic proteins are prone to inactivation by aggregation, proteases and natural inhibitors, motivating development of protective delivery systems. Here we focus on protective encapsulation of the potent antioxidant enzyme, catalase, by filamentous polymer nanocarriers (f-PNC), with the specific goal of addressing whether polymer molecular weight (MW) controls formation and structural properties such as size and stiffness. While maintaining the same MW ratio of polyethylene glycol to polylactic acid, a series of PEG-b-PLA diblock copolymers were synthesized, with total MW ranging from about 10 kg/mol to 100 kg/mol. All diblocks formed f-PNC upon processing, which encapsulated active enzyme that proved resistant to protease degradation. Further, f-PNC stiffness, length, and thickness increased with increasing MW. Interestingly, heating above a polymer's glass transition temperature (<30 degrees C) increased f-PNC flexibility. Thus, we report here for the first time f-PNC that encapsulate an active enzyme with polymer MW-tunable flexibility, offering several potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Simone
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, and Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Simone EA, Dziubla TD, Muzykantov VR. Polymeric carriers: role of geometry in drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 5:1283-300. [PMID: 19040392 DOI: 10.1517/17425240802567846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The unique properties of synthetic nanostructures promise a diverse set of applications as carriers for drug delivery, which are advantageous in terms of biocompatibility, pharmacokinetics, targeting and controlled drug release. Historically, more traditional drug delivery systems have focused on spherical carriers. However, there is a growing interest in pursuing non-spherical carriers, such as elongated or filamentous morphologies, now available due to novel formulation strategies. Unique physiochemical properties of these supramolecular structures offer distinct advantages as drug delivery systems. In particular, results of recent studies in cell cultures and lab animals indicate that rational design of carriers of a given geometry (size and shape) offers an unprecedented control of their longevity in circulation and targeting to selected cellular and subcellular locations. This article reviews drug delivery aspects of non-spherical drug delivery systems, including material selection and formulation, drug loading and release, biocompatibility, circulation behavior, targeting and subcellular addressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Simone
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Bioengineering, 3620 Hamilton Walk, 1 John Morgan Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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de Hoog HM, Nallani M, Cornelissen JJLM, Rowan AE, Nolte RJM, Arends IWCE. Biocatalytic oxidation by chloroperoxidase from Caldariomyces fumago in polymersome nanoreactors. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:4604-10. [DOI: 10.1039/b911370c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Simone EA, Dziubla TD, Arguiri E, Vardon V, Shuvaev VV, Christofidou-Solomidou M, Muzykantov VR. Loading PEG-catalase into filamentous and spherical polymer nanocarriers. Pharm Res 2008; 26:250-60. [PMID: 18956141 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-008-9744-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2008] [Accepted: 10/02/2008] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Based on a unique phase alignment that occurs during formulation, we postulated that PEG-ylation of the cargo enzyme would enhance its encapsulation within diblock copolymer nanocarriers and thus resistance to proteases. METHODS A freeze-thaw modified double emulsion technique was utilized to encapsulate either the catalytically active enzyme catalase (MW approximately 250 kDa) or PEG-catalase in PEG-PLA polymer nanocarriers (PNC). Spectrophotometer measurement of substrate depletion was utilized to monitor enzyme activity. Isotope labeling of the enzyme was used in conjunction with activity measurements to determine PNC loading efficiency and PNC-enzyme resistance to proteases. This labeling also enabled blood clearance measurements of PNC-loaded and non-loaded enzymes in mice. RESULTS Non-loaded PEG-catalase exhibited longer circulation times than catalase, but was equally susceptible to proteolysis. Modulation of the ratio of relatively hydrophilic to hydrophobic domains in the diblock PEG-PLA copolymer provided either filamentous or spherical PNC loaded with PEG-catalase. For both PNC geometries, encapsulation and resistance to proteases of the resultant PNC-loaded enzyme were more effective for PEG-catalase than catalase. Isotope tracing showed similar blood levels of PNC-loaded and free PEG-catalase in mice. CONCLUSIONS PEGylation enhances active catalase loading within PNC and resistance to protease degradation, relative to unloaded PEG-catalase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Simone
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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Simone E, Ding BS, Muzykantov V. Targeted delivery of therapeutics to endothelium. Cell Tissue Res 2008; 335:283-300. [PMID: 18815813 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-008-0676-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2008] [Accepted: 08/18/2008] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The endothelium is a target for therapeutic and diagnostic interventions in a plethora of human disease conditions including ischemia, inflammation, edema, oxidative stress, thrombosis and hemorrhage, and metabolic and oncological diseases. Unfortunately, drugs have no affinity to the endothelium, thereby limiting the localization, timing, specificity, safety, and effectiveness of therapeutic interventions. Molecular determinants on the surface of resting and pathologically altered endothelial cells, including cell adhesion molecules, peptidases, and receptors involved in endocytosis, can be used for drug delivery to the endothelial surface and into intracellular compartments. Drug delivery platforms such as protein conjugates, recombinant fusion constructs, targeted liposomes, and stealth polymer carriers have been designed to target drugs and imaging agents to these determinants. We review endothelial target determinants and drug delivery systems, describe parameters that control the binding of drug carriers to the endothelium, and provide examples of the endothelial targeting of therapeutic enzymes designed for the treatment of acute vascular disorders including ischemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Simone
- Department of Bioengineering, Program in Targeted Therapeutics of Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Song WJ, Du JZ, Liu NJ, Dou S, Cheng J, Wang J. Functionalized Diblock Copolymer of Poly(ε-caprolactone) and Polyphosphoester Bearing Hydroxyl Pendant Groups: Synthesis, Characterization, and Self-Assembly. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma801043m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Song
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Zhi Du
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P.R. China
| | - Nan-Jun Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Dou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P.R. China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P.R. China
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Howard MD, Jay M, Dziubla TD, Lu X. PEGylation of Nanocarrier Drug Delivery Systems: State of the Art. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2008.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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