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Lu C, Huang Y, Cui J, Wu J, Jiang C, Gu X, Cao Y, Yin S. Toward Practical Applications of Engineered Living Materials with Advanced Fabrication Techniques. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:2295-2312. [PMID: 39002162 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Engineered Living Materials (ELMs) are materials composed of or incorporating living cells as essential functional units. These materials can be created using bottom-up approaches, where engineered cells spontaneously form well-defined aggregates. Alternatively, top-down methods employ advanced materials science techniques to integrate cells with various kinds of materials, creating hybrids where cells and materials are intricately combined. ELMs blend synthetic biology with materials science, allowing for dynamic responses to environmental stimuli such as stress, pH, humidity, temperature, and light. These materials exhibit unique "living" properties, including self-healing, self-replication, and environmental adaptability, making them highly suitable for a wide range of applications in medicine, environmental conservation, and manufacturing. Their inherent biocompatibility and ability to undergo genetic modifications allow for customized functionalities and prolonged sustainability. This review highlights the transformative impact of ELMs over recent decades, particularly in healthcare and environmental protection. We discuss current preparation methods, including the use of endogenous and exogenous scaffolds, living assembly, 3D bioprinting, and electrospinning. Emphasis is placed on ongoing research and technological advancements necessary to enhance the safety, functionality, and practical applicability of ELMs in real-world contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjing Lu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yaying Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jian Cui
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Junhua Wu
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan 250021, China
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chunping Jiang
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan 250021, China
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan 250021, China
- Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine innovation center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine innovation center, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sheng Yin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan 250021, China
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2
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Eigenfeld M, Lupp KFM, Schwaminger SP. Role of Natural Binding Proteins in Therapy and Diagnostics. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:630. [PMID: 38792650 PMCID: PMC11122601 DOI: 10.3390/life14050630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This review systematically investigates the critical role of natural binding proteins (NBPs), encompassing DNA-, RNA-, carbohydrate-, fatty acid-, and chitin-binding proteins, in the realms of oncology and diagnostics. In an era where cancer continues to pose significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide, the innovative exploration of NBPs offers a promising frontier for advancing both the diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic efficacy of cancer management strategies. This manuscript provides an in-depth examination of the unique mechanisms by which NBPs interact with specific molecular targets, highlighting their potential to revolutionize cancer diagnostics and therapy. Furthermore, it discusses the burgeoning research on aptamers, demonstrating their utility as 'nucleic acid antibodies' for targeted therapy and precision diagnostics. Despite the promising applications of NBPs and aptamers in enhancing early cancer detection and developing personalized treatment protocols, this review identifies a critical knowledge gap: the need for comprehensive studies to understand the diverse functionalities and therapeutic potentials of NBPs across different cancer types and diagnostic scenarios. By bridging this gap, this manuscript underscores the importance of NBPs and aptamers in paving the way for next-generation diagnostics and targeted cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Eigenfeld
- Otto-Loewi Research Center, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kilian F. M. Lupp
- Otto-Loewi Research Center, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sebastian P. Schwaminger
- Otto-Loewi Research Center, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
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3
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Bai L, Liu L, Esquivel M, Tardy BL, Huan S, Niu X, Liu S, Yang G, Fan Y, Rojas OJ. Nanochitin: Chemistry, Structure, Assembly, and Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:11604-11674. [PMID: 35653785 PMCID: PMC9284562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chitin, a fascinating biopolymer found in living organisms, fulfills current demands of availability, sustainability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, functionality, and renewability. A feature of chitin is its ability to structure into hierarchical assemblies, spanning the nano- and macroscales, imparting toughness and resistance (chemical, biological, among others) to multicomponent materials as well as adding adaptability, tunability, and versatility. Retaining the inherent structural characteristics of chitin and its colloidal features in dispersed media has been central to its use, considering it as a building block for the construction of emerging materials. Top-down chitin designs have been reported and differentiate from the traditional molecular-level, bottom-up synthesis and assembly for material development. Such topics are the focus of this Review, which also covers the origins and biological characteristics of chitin and their influence on the morphological and physical-chemical properties. We discuss recent achievements in the isolation, deconstruction, and fractionation of chitin nanostructures of varying axial aspects (nanofibrils and nanorods) along with methods for their modification and assembly into functional materials. We highlight the role of nanochitin in its native architecture and as a component of materials subjected to multiscale interactions, leading to highly dynamic and functional structures. We introduce the most recent advances in the applications of nanochitin-derived materials and industrialization efforts, following green manufacturing principles. Finally, we offer a critical perspective about the adoption of nanochitin in the context of advanced, sustainable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Bai
- Key
Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Ministry
of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P.R. China
- Bioproducts
Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Department
of Chemistry, and Department of Wood Science, 2360 East Mall, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Liang Liu
- Jiangsu
Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest
Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuel and Chemicals,
College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, P.R. China
| | - Marianelly Esquivel
- Polymer
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National University of Costa Rica, Heredia 3000, Costa Rica
| | - Blaise L. Tardy
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Siqi Huan
- Key
Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Ministry
of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P.R. China
- Bioproducts
Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Department
of Chemistry, and Department of Wood Science, 2360 East Mall, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Xun Niu
- Bioproducts
Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Department
of Chemistry, and Department of Wood Science, 2360 East Mall, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Shouxin Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Ministry
of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P.R. China
| | - Guihua Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of
Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yimin Fan
- Jiangsu
Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest
Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuel and Chemicals,
College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, P.R. China
| | - Orlando J. Rojas
- Bioproducts
Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Department
of Chemistry, and Department of Wood Science, 2360 East Mall, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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4
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Madland E, Forsberg Z, Wang Y, Lindorff-Larsen K, Niebisch A, Modregger J, Eijsink VGH, Aachmann FL, Courtade G. Structural and functional variation of chitin-binding domains of a lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase from Cellvibrio japonicus. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101084. [PMID: 34411561 PMCID: PMC8449059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the extensive repertoire of carbohydrate-active enzymes, lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) have a key role in recalcitrant biomass degradation. LPMOs are copper-dependent enzymes that catalyze oxidative cleavage of glycosidic bonds in polysaccharides such as cellulose and chitin. Several LPMOs contain carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) that are known to promote LPMO efficiency. However, structural and functional properties of some CBMs remain unknown, and it is not clear why some LPMOs, like CjLPMO10A from the soil bacterium Cellvibrio japonicus, have multiple CBMs (CjCBM5 and CjCBM73). Here, we studied substrate binding by these two CBMs to shine light on their functional variation and determined the solution structures of both by NMR, which constitutes the first structure of a member of the CBM73 family. Chitin-binding experiments and molecular dynamics simulations showed that, while both CBMs bind crystalline chitin with Kd values in the micromolar range, CjCBM73 has higher affinity for chitin than CjCBM5. Furthermore, NMR titration experiments showed that CjCBM5 binds soluble chitohexaose, whereas no binding of CjCBM73 to this chitooligosaccharide was detected. These functional differences correlate with distinctly different arrangements of three conserved aromatic amino acids involved in substrate binding. In CjCBM5, these residues show a linear arrangement that seems compatible with the experimentally observed affinity for single chitin chains. On the other hand, the arrangement of these residues in CjCBM73 suggests a wider binding surface that may interact with several chitin chains. Taken together, these results provide insight into natural variation among related chitin-binding CBMs and the possible functional implications of such variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Madland
- Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Zarah Forsberg
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Yong Wang
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kresten Lindorff-Larsen
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Vincent G H Eijsink
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Finn L Aachmann
- Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gaston Courtade
- Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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5
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Muthu M, Gopal J, Chun S, Devadoss AJP, Hasan N, Sivanesan I. Crustacean Waste-Derived Chitosan: Antioxidant Properties and Future Perspective. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:228. [PMID: 33546282 PMCID: PMC7913366 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is obtained from chitin that in turn is recovered from marine crustacean wastes. The recovery methods and their varying types and the advantages of the recovery methods are briefly discussed. The bioactive properties of chitosan, which emphasize the unequivocal deliverables contained by this biopolymer, have been concisely presented. The variations of chitosan and its derivatives and their unique properties are discussed. The antioxidant properties of chitosan have been presented and the need for more work targeted towards harnessing the antioxidant property of chitosan has been emphasized. Some portions of the crustacean waste are being converted to chitosan; the possibility that all of the waste can be used for harnessing this versatile multifaceted product chitosan is projected in this review. The future of chitosan recovery from marine crustacean wastes and the need to improve in this area of research, through the inclusion of nanotechnological inputs have been listed under future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Muthu
- Laboratory of Neo Natural Farming, Chunnampet, Tamil Nadu 603 401, India;
| | - Judy Gopal
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Sechul Chun
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.G.); (S.C.)
| | | | - Nazim Hasan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jazan P.O. Box 114, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Iyyakkannu Sivanesan
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Institute of Natural Science and Agriculture, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
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6
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Griffo A, Rooijakkers BJM, Hähl H, Jacobs K, Linder MB, Laaksonen P. Binding Forces of Cellulose Binding Modules on Cellulosic Nanomaterials. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:769-777. [PMID: 30657665 PMCID: PMC6727214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
In
this study, the interaction forces between different cellulosic
nanomaterials and a protein domain belonging to cellulose binding
modules family 1 (CBM1) were investigated at the molecular scale.
Cellulose binding modules are protein domains found in carbohydrate
active enzymes having an affinity toward cellulosic materials. Here,
the binding force of a fusion protein containing a cellulose binding
module (CBM1) produced recombinantly in E. coli was quantified on different cellulose nanocrystals immobilized on
surfaces. Adhesion of the CBM on cellulose with different degrees
of crystallinity as well as on chitin nanocrystals was examined. This
study was carried out by single molecule force spectroscopy using
an atomic force microscope, which enables the detection of binding
force of individual molecules. The study contains a preliminary quantification
of the interactions at the molecular level that sheds light on the
development of new nanocellulose-based nanocomposites with improved
strength and elasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Griffo
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems , Aalto University , Espoo, FI-00076 Aalto , Finland
| | - Bart J M Rooijakkers
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems , Aalto University , Espoo, FI-00076 Aalto , Finland
| | - Hendrik Hähl
- Department of Experimental Physics , Saarland University , Saarbrücken 66123 , Germany
| | - Karin Jacobs
- Department of Experimental Physics , Saarland University , Saarbrücken 66123 , Germany
| | - Markus B Linder
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems , Aalto University , Espoo, FI-00076 Aalto , Finland
| | - Päivi Laaksonen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems , Aalto University , Espoo, FI-00076 Aalto , Finland
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7
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Brown AH, Walsh TR. Elucidating Polymorph-Selective Bioadsorption on Chitin Surfaces. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:594-602. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron H. Brown
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Tiffany R. Walsh
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
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8
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Nutritional and Additive Uses of Chitin and Chitosan in the Food Industry. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE REVIEWS 36 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-16581-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Casteleijn MG, Richardson D, Parkkila P, Granqvist N, Urtti A, Viitala T. Spin coated chitin films for biosensors and its analysis are dependent on chitin-surface interactions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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ChiBio: An Integrated Bio-refinery for Processing Chitin-Rich Bio-waste to Specialty Chemicals. GRAND CHALLENGES IN MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-69075-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Islam SMA, Yeasmin S, Islam MS, Islam MS. Binding affinity and adhesion force of organophosphate hydrolase enzyme with soil particles related to the isoelectric point of the enzyme. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 141:85-92. [PMID: 28319863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The binding affinity of organophosphate hydrolase enzyme (OphB) with soil particles in relation to the isoelectric point (pI) was studied. Immobilization of OphB with soil particles was observed by confocal microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Atomic force microscopy (AFM). The calculated pI of OphB enzyme was increased from 8.69 to 8.89, 9.04 and 9.16 by the single, double and triple mutant of OphB enzyme, respectively through the replacement of negatively charged aspartate with positively charged histidine. Practically, the binding affinity was increased to 5.30%, 11.50%, and 16.80% for single, double and triple mutants, respectively. In contrast, enzyme activity of OphB did not change by the mutation of the enzyme. On the other hand, adhesion forces were gradually increased for wild type OphB enzyme (90 pN) to 96, 100 and 104 pN for single, double and triple mutants of OphB enzyme, respectively. There was an increasing trend of binding affinity and adhesion force by the increase of isoelectric point (pI) of OphB enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Md Asraful Islam
- Department of Plant Pathology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh.
| | - Shabina Yeasmin
- Department of Forest Products, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shariful Islam
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh
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12
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Brown AH, Walsh TR. Elucidating the influence of polymorph-dependent interfacial solvent structuring at chitin surfaces. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 151:916-925. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.05.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Kikkawa Y, Fukuda M, Kimura T, Kashiwada A, Matsuda K, Kanesato M, Wada M, Imanaka T, Tanaka T. Atomic force microscopic study of chitinase binding onto chitin and cellulose surfaces. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:1074-7. [PMID: 24527788 DOI: 10.1021/bm500046f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Kikkawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 4, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
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Ribitsch D, Yebra AO, Zitzenbacher S, Wu J, Nowitsch S, Steinkellner G, Greimel K, Doliska A, Oberdorfer G, Gruber CC, Gruber K, Schwab H, Stana-Kleinschek K, Acero EH, Guebitz GM. Fusion of Binding Domains to Thermobifida cellulosilytica Cutinase to Tune Sorption Characteristics and Enhancing PET Hydrolysis. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:1769-76. [DOI: 10.1021/bm400140u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Doris Ribitsch
- Enzymes and Polymers, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology ACIB, Petergasse
14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Antonio Orcal Yebra
- Enzymes and Polymers, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology ACIB, Petergasse
14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Sabine Zitzenbacher
- Enzymes and Polymers, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology ACIB, Petergasse
14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of
Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology
and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave.,
Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Susanne Nowitsch
- Enzymes and Polymers, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology ACIB, Petergasse
14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Steinkellner
- Enzymes and Polymers, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology ACIB, Petergasse
14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Katrin Greimel
- Enzymes and Polymers, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology ACIB, Petergasse
14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Ales Doliska
- Institute for Characterisation
and Processing of Polymers, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Gustav Oberdorfer
- Enzymes and Polymers, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology ACIB, Petergasse
14, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, 3946 West
Stevens, Seattle, United States
| | - Christian C. Gruber
- Enzymes and Polymers, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology ACIB, Petergasse
14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Karl Gruber
- Enzymes and Polymers, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology ACIB, Petergasse
14, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Molecular
Biosciencies, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50/3, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Helmut Schwab
- Enzymes and Polymers, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology ACIB, Petergasse
14, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Molecular
Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Karin Stana-Kleinschek
- Institute for Characterisation
and Processing of Polymers, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Enrique Herrero Acero
- Enzymes and Polymers, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology ACIB, Petergasse
14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Georg M. Guebitz
- Enzymes and Polymers, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology ACIB, Petergasse
14, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Environmental
Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20,
3430 Tulln, Austria
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15
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Species-specific chitin-binding module 18 expansion in the amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. mBio 2012; 3:e00150-12. [PMID: 22718849 PMCID: PMC3569864 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00150-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is the causative agent of chytridiomycosis, which is considered one of the driving forces behind the worldwide decline in populations of amphibians. As a member of the phylum Chytridiomycota, B. dendrobatidis has diverged significantly to emerge as the only pathogen of adult vertebrates. Such shifts in lifestyle are generally accompanied by various degrees of genomic modifications, yet neither its mode of pathogenicity nor any factors associated with it have ever been identified. Presented here is the identification and characterization of a unique expansion of the carbohydrate-binding module family 18 (CBM18), specific to B. dendrobatidis. CBM (chitin-binding module) expansions have been likened to the evolution of pathogenicity in a variety of fungus species, making this expanded group a prime candidate for the identification of potential pathogenicity factors. Furthermore, the CBM18 expansions are confined to three categories of genes, each having been previously implicated in host-pathogen interactions. These correlations highlight this specific domain expansion as a potential key player in the mode of pathogenicity in this unique fungus. The expansion of CBM18 in B. dendrobatidis is exceptional in its size and diversity compared to other pathogenic species of fungi, making this genomic feature unique in an evolutionary context as well as in pathogenicity. Amphibian populations are declining worldwide at an unprecedented rate. Although various factors are thought to contribute to this phenomenon, chytridiomycosis has been identified as one of the leading causes. This deadly fungal disease is cause by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a chytrid fungus species unique in its pathogenicity and, furthermore, its specificity to amphibians. Despite more than two decades of research, the biology of this fungus species and its deadly interaction with amphibians had been notoriously difficult to unravel. Due to the alarming rate of worldwide spread and associated decline in amphibian populations, it is imperative to incorporate novel genomic and genetic techniques into the study of this species. In this study, we present the first reported potential pathogenicity factors in B. dendrobatidis. In silico studies such as this allow us to identify putative targets for more specific molecular analyses, furthering our hope for the control of this pathogen.
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Kittle JD, Wang C, Qian C, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Roman M, Morris JR, Moore RB, Esker AR. Ultrathin Chitin Films for Nanocomposites and Biosensors. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:714-8. [DOI: 10.1021/bm201631r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D. Kittle
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Wood Science and Forest Products, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Chao Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Wood Science and Forest Products, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Chen Qian
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Wood Science and Forest Products, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Yafen Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Wood Science and Forest Products, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Mingqiang Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Wood Science and Forest Products, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Maren Roman
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Wood Science and Forest Products, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - John R. Morris
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Wood Science and Forest Products, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Robert B. Moore
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Wood Science and Forest Products, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Alan R. Esker
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Wood Science and Forest Products, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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Huang QS, Xie XL, Liang G, Gong F, Wang Y, Wei XQ, Wang Q, Ji ZL, Chen QX. The GH18 family of chitinases: Their domain architectures, functions and evolutions. Glycobiology 2011; 22:23-34. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwr092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Harris JM, Epting KL, Kelly RM. N-terminal fusion of a hyperthermophilic chitin-binding domain to xylose isomerase from Thermotoga neapolitana enhances kinetics and thermostability of both free and immobilized enzymes. Biotechnol Prog 2010; 26:993-1000. [PMID: 20730758 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Immobilization of a thermostable D-xylose isomerase (EC 5.3.1.5) from Thermotoga neapolitana 5068 (TNXI) on chitin beads was accomplished via a N-terminal fusion with a chitin-binding domain (CBD) from a hyperthermophilic chitinase produced by Pyrococcus furiosus (PF1233) to create a fusion protein (CBD-TNXI). The turnover numbers for glucose to fructose conversion for both unbound and immobilized CBD-TNXI were greater than the wild-type enzyme: k(cat) (min(-1)) was approximately 1,000, 3,800, and 5,800 at 80 degrees C compared to 1,140, 10,350, and 7,000 at 90 degrees C, for the wild-type, unbound, and immobilized enzymes, respectively. These k(cat) values for the glucose to fructose isomerization measured are the highest reported to date for any XI at any temperature. Enzyme kinetic inactivation at 100 degrees C, as determined from a bi-phasic inactivation model, showed that the CBD-TNXI bound to chitin had a half-life approximately three times longer than the soluble wild-type TNXI (19.9 hours vs. 6.8 hours, respectively). Surprisingly, the unbound soluble CBD-TNXI had a significantly longer half-life (56.5 hours) than the immobilized enzyme. Molecular modeling results suggest that the N-terminal fusion impacted subunit interactions, thereby contributing to the enhanced thermostability of both the unbound and immobilized CBD-TNXI. These interactions likely also played a role in modifying active site structure, thereby diminishing substrate-binding affinities and generating higher turnover rates in the unbound fusion protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Harris
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA
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Huang QS, Yan JH, Tang JY, Tao YM, Xie XL, Wang Y, Wei XQ, Yan QH, Chen QX. Cloning and tissue expressions of seven chitinase family genes in Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 29:75-81. [PMID: 20202477 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2010.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2009] [Revised: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
GH18 chitinase is a multi-gene family. The family plays important physiological roles in Crustacea, e.g. ecdysis and defense against pathogen. However, data about GH18 family are rather limited in Crustacea. In the study, different cloning strategies were adopted to clone chitinase genes of Litopenaeus vannamei, which is the most widely cultured shrimp. Seven chitinase family members were identified. Analysis of domain architectures showed the repeated CBM18 modules and catalytic domain of enzymatically inactive chitolectin in Crustacea for the first time. Comparing to the three known groups of crustacean chitinase, four of the seven members are located on new evolutionary clades thus enriched the chitinase family of Crustacea. Tissue expression profiles were investigated in eight tissues. Expression of CHT5 and CHID1 were both detected in the hemocyte by which the innate immunity activity was carried out. The domain architectures, evolutionary relationships and tissue expression patterns all provide reasonable explanation for the existence of multiple genes in crustacean chitinase family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Sheng Huang
- Key Lab of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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