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Jin Z, Seong HG, Srivastava S, McGlasson A, Emrick T, Muthukumar M, Russell TP. 3D Printing of Aqueous Two-Phase Systems with Linear and Bottlebrush Polyelectrolytes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404382. [PMID: 38616164 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
We formed core-shell-like polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) from an anionic bottlebrush polymer with poly (acrylic acid) side chains with a cationic linear poly (allylamine hydrochloride). By varying the pH, the number of side chains of the polyanionic BB polymers (Nbb), the charge density of the polyelectrolytes, and the salt concentration, the phase separation behavior and salt resistance of the complexes could be tuned by the conformation of the BBs. By combining the linear/bottlebrush polyelectrolyte complexation with all-liquid 3D printing, flow-through tubular constructs were produced that showed selective transport across the PEC membrane comprising the walls of the tubules. These tubular constructs afford a new platform for flow-through delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Jin
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Hong-Gyu Seong
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Satyam Srivastava
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Alex McGlasson
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Todd Emrick
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Murugappan Muthukumar
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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2
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Duvall LJ, Sowers ETG, Graham CJ, Jutton F, Remsen EE. Spectroscopic characterization of the interactions between poly(2-(trimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) chloride and the xanthene dyes, 2', 7'-difluorofluorescein and 2, 4, 5, 7-tetraiodofluorescein. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 297:122710. [PMID: 37068441 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Intermolecular interactions in buffered aqueous solution between the polycation, poly(2-(trimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) chloride (pTMAEMC) and two anionic xanthene dyes, 2', 7'-difluorofluorescein (Oregon Green 488) and 2, 4, 5, 7-tetraiodofluorescein (Erythrosin B), are characterized using multiple optical spectroscopic methods. Visible absorption spectroscopy indicates the formation of ground-state pTMAEMC-dye complexes. Benesi-Hildebrand binding isotherm analysis of visible absorption spectra for pTMAEMC-dye mixtures quantifies the strength of binding interactions producing the complexes. For both Oregon Green 488 (OG) and Erythrosin B (EB) in mixtures with pTMAEMC, the concentration of the solution's sodium acetate buffer at a fixed pH alters the binding constants, Kb, suggesting that ionic strength plays a key role in determining the binding affinity of pTMAEMC for the dyes. Comparison of Kb, for the dyes indicates stronger binding of EB under all solution conditions. Steady-state fluorescence emission spectroscopy, fluorescence quenching, excited-state fluorescence lifetime measurements and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy provide complementary data for the interactions between pTMAEMC and the dyes. Mixtures of pTMAEMC with the dyes produce fluorescence enhancements and fluorescence quenching which exhibit a dependence on the buffer concentration used in the mixture. Excited-state lifetime analysis indicates that OG interacts with pTMAEMC through ground-state interactions while EB exhibits both ground-state and excited-state interactions with pTMAEMC. The spectroscopic measurements suggest that a polyelectrolyte effect for pTMAEMC due to ionic strength variation produced by the buffer concentration affects the dye binding profile of the polycation. This conclusion is supported by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) analyses of the hydrodynamic diameter changes in pTMAEMC-OG binding in low buffer concentration (low ionic strength) solution. FCS analyses of pTMAEMC-OG mixtures also reveal diversity in the complexes formed in low ionic strength solution suggesting that other xanthene dyes will exhibit similar binding behaviors in mixtures with pTMAEMC as a function of solution ionic strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Duvall
- Mund-Lagowski Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bradley University, 1501 West Bradley Avenue, Peoria, IL 61625, USA
| | - Elijah T G Sowers
- Mund-Lagowski Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bradley University, 1501 West Bradley Avenue, Peoria, IL 61625, USA
| | - Cody J Graham
- Mund-Lagowski Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bradley University, 1501 West Bradley Avenue, Peoria, IL 61625, USA
| | - Frederick Jutton
- CMC Materials, Incorporated, 870 North Commons Drive, Aurora, IL 60504, USA
| | - Edward E Remsen
- Mund-Lagowski Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bradley University, 1501 West Bradley Avenue, Peoria, IL 61625, USA.
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3
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Shahi S, Roghani-Mamaqani H, Talebi S, Mardani H. Chemical stimuli-induced reversible bond cleavage in covalently crosslinked hydrogels. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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4
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Mahou R, Passemard S, Carvello M, Petrelli A, Noverraz F, Gerber-Lemaire S, Wandrey C. Contribution of polymeric materials to progress in xenotransplantation of microencapsulated cells: a review. Xenotransplantation 2016; 23:179-201. [PMID: 27250036 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell microencapsulation and subsequent transplantation of the microencapsulated cells require multidisciplinary approaches. Physical, chemical, biological, engineering, and medical expertise has to be combined. Several natural and synthetic polymeric materials and different technologies have been reported for the preparation of hydrogels, which are suitable to protect cells by microencapsulation. However, owing to the frequent lack of adequate characterization of the hydrogels and their components as well as incomplete description of the technology, many results of in vitro and in vivo studies appear contradictory or cannot reliably be reproduced. This review addresses the state of the art in cell microencapsulation with special focus on microencapsulated cells intended for xenotransplantation cell therapies. The choice of materials, the design and fabrication of the microspheres, as well as the conditions to be met during the cell microencapsulation process, are summarized and discussed prior to presenting research results of in vitro and in vivo studies. Overall, this review will serve to sensitize medically educated specialists for materials and technological aspects of cell microencapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Redouan Mahou
- Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Solène Passemard
- Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michele Carvello
- Department of Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - François Noverraz
- Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Gerber-Lemaire
- Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christine Wandrey
- Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Abdilla A, Shi S, Burke NAD, Stöver HDH. Multistimuli responsive ternary polyampholytes: Formation and crosslinking of coacervates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Allison Abdilla
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; McMaster University; 1280 Main Street West Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
| | - Shanna Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; McMaster University; 1280 Main Street West Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
| | - Nicholas A. D. Burke
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; McMaster University; 1280 Main Street West Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
| | - Harald D. H. Stöver
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; McMaster University; 1280 Main Street West Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
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6
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Ros S, Burke NAD, Stöver HDH. Synthesis and Properties of Charge-Shifting Polycations: Poly[3-aminopropylmethacrylamide-co-2-(dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate]. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Ros
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Nicholas A. D. Burke
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Harald D. H. Stöver
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada L8S 4M1
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Mohajeri S, Burke NA, Stöver HD. The stability of enamine crosslinks formed from acetoacetate/amine in synthetic hydrogels. Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Liu J, Willför S, Xu C. A review of bioactive plant polysaccharides: Biological activities, functionalization, and biomedical applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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9
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Dubey A, Burke NAD, Stöver HDH. Preparation and characterization of narrow compositional distribution polyampholytes as potential biomaterials: Copolymers ofN-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APM) and methacrylic acid (MAA). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Dubey
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; McMaster University; 1280 Main Street West Hamilton ON Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Nicholas A. D. Burke
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; McMaster University; 1280 Main Street West Hamilton ON Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Harald D. H. Stöver
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; McMaster University; 1280 Main Street West Hamilton ON Canada L8S 4M1
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10
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Jafar Mazumder MA. Polyelectrolyte complexation between cationic and anionic polyelectrolytes with complementary polymer-bound reactive groups of amine and acetoacetate: effect of mono- and divalent salts. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-014-0239-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Guo H, Guo Q, Chu T, Zhang X, Wu Z, Yu D. Glucose-sensitive polyelectrolyte nanocapsules based on layer-by-layer technique for protein drug delivery. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2014; 25:121-129. [PMID: 24068543 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-5055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The glucose-responsive nanocapsules [CS-NAC/p(GAMA-r-AAPBA)] were readily fabricated with modified chitosan (CS-NAC) and random glycopolymer poly(D-gluconamidoethyl methacrylate-r-3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid) p(GAMA-r-AAPBA) as the alternant multilayered polyelectrolyte hybrid shell via layer-by-layer self-assembly after etching the amino functionalized SiO2 spheres by NH4F/HF. The spherical and hollow structure of nanocapsules was confirmed by TEM analysis and there was no clear collapse found after removal of the sacrificial cores. The reversible zeta potential changes of the nanocapsule materials evaluated the reversible glucose sensitivity. Besides, this system demonstrated a good capacity for encapsulation and loading insulin entrapped in nanocapsules as model protein drug. A good biocompatibility of the material was confirmed by the cell viability. In vitro release of insulin experiments revealed that no obvious release was found in acidic condition and the release could be normally conducted at physiological pH. These results implied that it was feasible for nanocapsules to be used in controlled release drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
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Abstract
The design of new technologies for treatment of human disorders is a complex and difficult task. The aim of this article is to explore state of art discussion of various techniques and materials involve in cell encapsulations. Encapsulation of cells within semi-permeable polymer shells or beads is a potentially powerful tool, and has long been explored as a promising approach for the treatment of several human diseases such as lysosomal storage disease (LSD), neurological disorders, Parkinsons disease, dwarfism, hemophilia, cancer and diabetes using immune-isolation gene therapy.
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13
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Sharma A, Kundu S, Reddy M A, Bajaj A, Srivastava A. Design and engineering of disulfide crosslinked nanocomplexes of polyamide polyelectrolytes: stability under biorelevant conditions and potent cellular internalization of entrapped model peptide. Macromol Biosci 2013; 13:927-37. [PMID: 23696522 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Counter polyelectrolytes (PEs) having a degradable polyamide backbone and controlled thiolation are prepared. Their nanosized polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) spontaneously crosslink under ambient conditions via bioreducible disulfide bonds. These PECs are regenerable after centrifugation, and resist degradation by proteases. They are stable to variations of pH and electrolyte concentration, similar to those encountered in biological milieu. However, they are unraveled in reductive conditions. These PECs act as efficient vectors for delivering entrapped cargo. They entrap with high efficiency, and controllably release, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-insulin (a model peptide) in vitro. Potent cellular internalization of FITC-insulin within human lung cancer cells with high cell viability is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashish Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Govindpura, Bhopal Madhya Pradesh, India
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14
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Gu X, Wang J, Wang Y, Wang Y, Gao H, Wu G. Layer-by-layer assembled polyaspartamide nanocapsules for pH-responsive protein delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 108:205-11. [PMID: 23563286 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable shell cross-linked nanocapsules were prepared via layer-by-layer assembly of PADH (tertiary amine and hydrazide grafted polyaspartamide) and PACA (carboxyl and aldehyde grafted polyaspartamide) on silica spheres. Both of the polyaspartamide derivatives are water-soluble and biodegradable polymers with a protein-like structure, and obtained by aminolysis reaction of polysuccinimide. The latter is prepared by thermal polycondensation of aspartic acid. Dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurements were used to analyze the layer-by-layer assembly process. Bovine serum albumin (BSA), as a model protein, was entrapped in the nanocapsules via electrostatic adsorption. Nanocapsules encapsulating BSA were prepared via layer-by-layer assembly on protein-entrapping amino-functionalized silica spheres, hydrazone cross-linking and silica core removal. The BSA release profiles exhibited a pH-dependent behavior. BSA release rate increased significantly as the ambient pH dropped from the physiological pH to acidic. Cell viability study suggests that the obtained polymeric nanocapsules have good biocompatibility. These kinds of novel composite nanocapsules may offer a promising delivery system for proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of MOE, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China
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15
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Guo M, Cao X, Meijer EW, Dankers PYW. Core-Shell Capsules Based on Supramolecular Hydrogels Show Shell-Related Erosion and Release Due to Confinement. Macromol Biosci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201200310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Gardner CM, Burke NAD, Chu T, Shen F, Potter MA, Stöver HDH. Poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic acid) Polymers for Cell Encapsulation. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 22:2127-45. [DOI: 10.1163/092050610x535149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Casandra M. Gardner
- a Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Nicholas A. D. Burke
- b Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Terry Chu
- c Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Feng Shen
- d Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5
| | - Murray A. Potter
- e Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5
| | - Harald D. H. Stöver
- f Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4M1
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Bocharova V, Zavalov O, MacVittie K, Arugula MA, Guz NV, Dokukin ME, Halámek J, Sokolov I, Privman V, Katz E. A biochemical logic approach to biomarker-activated drug release. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm32966b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Gardner CM, Stöver HDH. Reactive Polyanions Based on Poly(4,4-dimethyl-2-vinyl-2-oxazoline-5-one-co-methacrylic acid). Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma201409t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Casandra M. Gardner
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Harald D. H. Stöver
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
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Ondaral S, Ankerfors C, Odberg L, Wågberg L. Surface-induced rearrangement of polyelectrolyte complexes: influence of complex composition on adsorbed layer properties. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:14606-14614. [PMID: 20799704 DOI: 10.1021/la1022054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption characteristics of two different types of polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs), prepared by mixing poly(allylamine hydrochloride) and poly(acrylic acid) in a confined impinging jet (CIJ) mixer, have been investigated with the aid of stagnation point adsorption reflectometry (SPAR), a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) using SiO(2) surfaces. The two sets of PEC were prepared by combining high molecular mass PAH/PAA (PEC-A) and low molecular mass PAH/PAA (PEC-B). The PEC-A showed a higher adsorption to the SiO(2) surfaces than the PEC-B. The adsorption of the PEC-A also showed a larger change in the dissipation (ΔD), according to the QCM-D measurements, suggesting that the adsorbed layer of these complexes had a relatively lower viscosity and a lower shear modulus. Complementary investigations of the adsorbed layer using AFM imaging showed that the adsorbed layer of PEC-A was significantly different from that of PEC-B and that the changes in properties with adsorption time were very different for the two types of PECs. The PEC-A complexes showed a coalescence into larger block of complexes on the SiO(2) surface, but this was not detected with the PEC-B. The size determinations of the complexes in solution showed that they were very stable over time, and it was therefore concluded that the coalescence of the complexes was induced by the interaction between the complexes and the surface. The results also indicated that polyelectrolytes can migrate between the different complexes adsorbed to the surface. The results also give indications that the preparation of PEC-B leads to the formation of two different types of polyelectrolyte complexes differing in the amount of polymer in the complexes; i.e., two populations of complexes were formed with similar sizes but with totally different adsorption structures at the solid-liquid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedat Ondaral
- Department of Pulp and Paper Technology, Faculty of Forestry, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
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20
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Gradient cross-linked biodegradable polyelectrolyte nanocapsules for intracellular protein drug delivery. Biomaterials 2010; 31:6039-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 04/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Gardner CM, Burke NAD, Stöver HDH. Cross-linked microcapsules formed from self-deactivating reactive polyelectrolytes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:4916-4924. [PMID: 20052983 DOI: 10.1021/la903540c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride) (PMM(0)) was partially hydrolyzed in a 9/1 acetonitrile-d(3)/D(2)O mixture and then diluted with an aqueous buffer and coated onto poly-L-lysine (PLL)-coated calcium alginate capsules. The resulting 50% hydrolyzed polymer (PMM(50)) is bound to the surface-immobilized PLL through both electrostatic and covalent interactions, resulting in a shell-cross-linked hydrogel capsule that is resistant to chemical challenges. Further hydrolysis of PMM(50) in aqueous buffer was monitored by potentiometry and was found to proceed with a half-life time of about 2.5 min at 20 degrees C such that residual anhydride groups not consumed by cross-linking with PLL would be deactivated by hydrolysis within several minutes of shell formation, removing potential sites for undesired protein binding. Initial protein-binding tests involving incubation of the capsules in bovine serum albumin solutions for 24 h showed no indication of protein binding. The effects of coating temperature, PLL concentration and molecular weight, PMM(50) molecular weight, and multiple PLL-PMM(50) coatings on shell morphology and behavior were studied using confocal fluorescence microscopy as well as chemical challenges involving sodium citrate and sodium hydroxide. The resilience of the cross-linked shell improved with increasing concentrations of PLL and decreasing molecular weight of PMM(50), both of which resulted in more polyelectrolyte being bound to the capsule. The permeability of these covalently cross-linked capsules was studied using fluorescently labeled dextrans and was found to be comparable to standard calcium alginate-PLL-alginate (APA) capsules.
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Boyer C, Bousquet A, Rondolo J, Whittaker MR, Stenzel MH, Davis TP. Glycopolymer Decoration of Gold Nanoparticles Using a LbL Approach. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma100250x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Antoine Bousquet
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - John Rondolo
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Michael R. Whittaker
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Martina H. Stenzel
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
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Shen F, Mazumder MAJ, Burke NAD, Stöver HDH, Potter MA. Mechanically enhanced microcapsules for cellular gene therapy. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2009; 90:350-61. [PMID: 19090494 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Microcapsules bearing a covalently cross-linked coating have been developed for cellular gene therapy as an improvement on alginate-poly(L-lysine)-alginate (APA) microcapsules that only have ionic cross-linking. In this study, two mutually reactive polyelectrolytes, a polycation (designated C70), poly([2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride-co-2-aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride) and a polyanion (designated A70), poly(sodium methacrylate-co-2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl acetoacetate), were used during the microcapsule fabrication. Ca-alginate beads were sequentially laminated with C70, A70, poly(L-lysine) (PLL), and alginate. The A70 reacts with both C70 and PLL to form a approximately 30 microm thick covalently cross-linked interpenetrating polymer network on the surface of the capsules. Confocal images confirmed the location of the C70/A70/PLL network and the stability of the network after 4 weeks implantation in mice. The mechanical and chemical resistance of the capsules was tested with a "stress test" where microcapsules were gently shaken in 0.003% EDTA for 15 min. APA capsules disappeared during this treatment, whereas the modified capsules, even those that had been retrieved from mice after 4-weeks implantation, remained intact. Analysis of solutions passing through model flat membranes showed that the molecular weight cut-off of alginate-C70-A70-PLL-alginate is similar to that of alginate-PLL-alginate. Recombinant cells encapsulated in APA and modified capsules were able to secrete luciferase into culture media. The modified capsules were found to capture some components of regular culture media used during preparation, causing an immune reaction in implanted mice, but use of UltraCulture serum-free medium was found to prevent this immune reaction. In vivo biocompatibility of the new capsules was similar to the APA capsules, with no sign of clinical toxicity on complete blood counts and liver function tests. The increased stability of the covalently modified microcapsules coupled with the acceptable biocompatibility and permeability demonstrated their potential for use as immunoisolation devices in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Shen
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Alginate-PLL cell encapsulation system Co-entrapping PLGA-microspheres for the continuous release of anti-inflammatory drugs. Biomed Microdevices 2009; 11:1103-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-009-9327-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mazumder MAJ, Burke NAD, Shen F, Potter MA, Stöver HDH. Core-Cross-Linked Alginate Microcapsules for Cell Encapsulation. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:1365-73. [PMID: 19397289 DOI: 10.1021/bm801330j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Jafar Mazumder
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4M1, and Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8N 3Z5
| | - Nicholas A. D. Burke
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4M1, and Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8N 3Z5
| | - Feng Shen
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4M1, and Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8N 3Z5
| | - Murray A. Potter
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4M1, and Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8N 3Z5
| | - Harald D. H. Stöver
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4M1, and Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8N 3Z5
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