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Domingues L, Duarte ARC, Jesus AR. How Can Deep Eutectic Systems Promote Greener Processes in Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:221. [PMID: 38399436 PMCID: PMC10892015 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemists in the medicinal chemistry field are constantly searching for alternatives towards more sustainable and eco-friendly processes for the design and synthesis of drug candidates. The pharmaceutical industry is one of the most polluting industries, having a high E-factor, which is driving the adoption of more sustainable processes not only for new drug candidates, but also in the production of well-established active pharmaceutical ingredients. Deep eutectic systems (DESs) have emerged as a greener alternative to ionic liquids, and their potential to substitute traditional organic solvents in drug discovery has raised interest among scientists. With the use of DESs as alternative solvents, the processes become more attractive in terms of eco-friendliness and recyclability. Furthermore, they might be more effective through making the process simpler, faster, and with maximum efficiency. This review will be focused on the role and application of deep eutectic systems in drug discovery, using biocatalytic processes and traditional organic chemical reactions, as new environmentally benign alternative solvents. Furthermore, herein we also show that DESs, if used in the pharmaceutical industry, may have a significant effect on lowering production costs and decreasing the impact of this industry on the quality of the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Rita Jesus
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (L.D.); (A.R.C.D.)
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2
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In situ encapsulation of biologically active ingredients into polymer particles by polymerization in dispersed media. Prog Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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3
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Forsythe NL, Tan MF, Vinciguerra D, Woodford J, Stieg AZ, Maynard HD. Noncovalent Enzyme Nanogels via a Photocleavable Linkage. Macromolecules 2022; 55:9925-9933. [PMID: 36438597 PMCID: PMC9686129 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme nanogels (ENGs) offer a convenient method to protect therapeutic proteins from in vivo stressors. Current methodologies to prepare ENGs rely on either covalent modification of surface residues or the noncovalent assembly of monomers at the protein surface. In this study, we report a new method for the preparation of noncovalent ENGs that utilizes a heterobifunctional, photocleavable monomer as a hybrid approach. Initial covalent modification with this monomer established a polymerizable handle at the protein surface, followed by radical polymerization with poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate crosslinker in solution. Final photoirradiation cleaved the linkage between the polymer and protein to afford the noncovalent ENGs. The enzyme phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) was utilized as a model protein yielding well-defined nanogels 80 nm in size by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and 76 nm by atomic force microscopy. The stability of PAL after exposure to trypsin or low pH was assessed and was found to be more stable in the noncovalent nanogel compared to PAL alone. This approach may be useful for the stabilization of active enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil L. Forsythe
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, 607 Charles
E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Mikayla F. Tan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, 607 Charles
E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Daniele Vinciguerra
- California
NanoSystems Institute, 570 Westwood Plaza Building 114, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jacquelin Woodford
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, 607 Charles
E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Adam Z. Stieg
- California
NanoSystems Institute, 570 Westwood Plaza Building 114, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Heather D. Maynard
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, 607 Charles
E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California
NanoSystems Institute, 570 Westwood Plaza Building 114, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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4
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Controlled synthesis of PEGylated polyelectrolyte nanogels as efficient protein carriers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 620:322-332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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5
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Sánchez-deAlcázar D, Rodriguez-Abetxuko A, Beloqui A. Metal-Organic Enzyme Nanogels as Nanointegrated Self-Reporting Chemobiosensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:27589-27598. [PMID: 35673709 PMCID: PMC9227723 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A fluorometric glucose biosensor based on fine-tuned chemoenzymatic nanohybrids is herein proposed. The successful integration of an engineered glucose oxidase enzyme and an optically responsive polymeric nanogel in a single entity has led to the fabrication of a highly efficient glucose chemobiosensor. The optical responsiveness has been achieved by the loading of preactivated polymeric hydrogel with fluorescent lanthanide, i.e., cerium (III), cations. A comprehensive investigation of the responsiveness of the biomaterial revealed the interplay between the oxidation state of the cerium lanthanide and the fluorescence emission of the polymer. Finally, a full structural, chemical, and biochemical characterization of the reported system supports the chemobiosensors as robust, specific, and sensitive materials that could be utilized to faithfully quantify the amount of glucose in tear fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sánchez-deAlcázar
- POLYMAT
and Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-20018 Donostia-San
Sebastián, Spain
| | - Andoni Rodriguez-Abetxuko
- CIC
nanoGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Tolosa Hiribidea 76, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ana Beloqui
- POLYMAT
and Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-20018 Donostia-San
Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, E-48009 Bilbao, Spain
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6
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Li W, Bilal M, Singh AK, Sher F, Ashraf SS, Franco M, Américo-Pinheiro JHP, Iqbal HMN. Broadening the Scope of Biocatalysis Engineering by Tailoring Enzyme Microenvironment: A Review. Catal Letters 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-022-04065-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Jiaojiao X, Bin Z, Ruoyu Z, Onyinye AI. Lipase nanogel catalyzed synthesis of vitamin E succinate in non-aqueous phase. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:3186-3192. [PMID: 33216351 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to improve the stability of vitamin E and broaden its scope of application, an effective solution is to convert vitamin E into its derivatives. This work developed a new Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) nanogel based on modification of ionic liquid with vinyl functional groups. This novel CRL nanogel was used in the preparation process of vitamin E succinate based on the principle of non-aqueous enzymology. At the same time, various factors including enzyme concentration, substrate molar ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time, that affect the yield of vitamin E succinate were optimized and analyzed. RESULTS Different solvents with various hydrophobicity parameters (LogP values) from -1.3 to 3.5 were studied, it was found that dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) had the lowest LogP value among organic solvents but vitamin E succinate had the highest yield in DMSO. Furthermore, the effect of different operating conditions, such as molar ratios of substrate, enzyme concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time was studied. Under the optimal process conditions (enzyme concentration 6 mg mL-1 , substrate molar ratio 4:1, reaction temperature 55 °C and reaction time 15 h), the product yield was 62.58 ± 1.16%. CRL and CRL nanogel were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was shown that CRL nanogel influenced the catalytic behavior of lipase significantly by changing the structure and surface properties of CRL. CONCLUSION Novel lipase nanogel was an excellent biocatalyst for enzymatic synthesis of vitamin E succinate. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Jiaojiao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zou Bin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhou Ruoyu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Adesanya I Onyinye
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Enzymatic synthesis of amphiphilic carbohydrate esters: Influence of physicochemical and biochemical parameters. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 30:e00631. [PMID: 34094891 PMCID: PMC8166767 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Glycolipids, carbohydrate fatty esters or sugar esters are amphiphilic molecules containing hydrophilic groups bonded to hydrophobic parent structures. Recently, glycolipids have shown their antimicrobial and antitumor capacities. Their surface activity properties have applications in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Sugar esters' building blocks can be obtained from natural resources and/or be transformed by biochemical pathways for uses as surfactants. Biosurfactants are non-ionic, nontoxic, biodegradable, tasteless, and odourless. The biocatalysis of these molecules involves sustainable, green, and safer methods. The advantages of producing biosurfactants from enzymatic catalysis are the energy economy, high selectivity, production of natural products, reduction of the use of fossil-based solvents and chloride compounds. This review presents the most recent studies concerning the evaluation of the impact of the main parameters and their levels influencing the enzymatic synthesis of glycolipids. Various enzyme catalysed synthetic methods were described. The parameters studied were temperature, reaction time, solvent system, type of biocatalyst, substrates molar ratio proportion and the nature of substrates. This review discusses the influence of different biocatalysts in the conversions of glycolipids; The reactivity from mono to polysaccharides and their interaction with fatty acids of different carbon chain lengths in the presence of specific enzymes; The effect of the solvent polarity, the use of multiple solvents, ionic liquids, supercritical CO2, and solvent-free media in sugar ester conversions; And the optimization of temperature and reaction time in different enzymatic systems.
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9
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Zhao Y, Li Q, Chai J, Liu Y. Cargo‐Templated Crosslinked Polymer Nanocapsules and Their Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202000078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Qiushi Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Jingshan Chai
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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10
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Rahman MS, Brown J, Murphy R, Carnes S, Carey B, Averick S, Konkolewicz D, Page RC. Polymer Modification of Lipases, Substrate Interactions, and Potential Inhibition. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:309-318. [PMID: 33416313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An industrially important enzyme, Candida antarctica lipase B (CalB), was modified with a range of functional polymers including hydrophilic, hydrophobic, anionic, and cationic character using a "grafting to" approach. We determined the impact of polymer chain length on CalB activity by synthesizing biohybrids of CalB with each polymer at three different chain lengths, using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The activity of CalB in both aqueous and aqueous-organic media mixtures was significantly enhanced for acrylamide (Am) and N,N-dimethyl acrylamide (DMAm) conjugates, with activity remaining approximately constant in 25 and 50% ethanol solvent systems. Interestingly, the activity of N,N-dimethylaminopropyl-acrylamide (DMAPA) conjugates increased gradually with increasing organic solvent content in the system. Contrary to other literature reports, our study showed significantly diminished activity for hydrophobic polymer-protein conjugates. Functional thermal stability assays also displayed a considerable enhancement of retained activity of Am, DMAm, and DMAPA conjugates compared to the native CalB enzyme. Thus, this study provides an insight into possible advances in lipase production, which can lead to new improved lipase bioconjugates with increased activity and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Sharfin Rahman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St., Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Julian Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St., Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Reena Murphy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St., Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Sydney Carnes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St., Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Ben Carey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St., Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Saadyah Averick
- Neuroscience Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212, United States
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St., Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Richard C Page
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St., Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
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11
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Toprak A, Tükel SS, Yildirim D. Stabilization of multimeric nitrilase via different immobilization techniques for hydrolysis of acrylonitrile to acrylic acid. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2020.1869217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Toprak
- Vocational School of Acigol, University of Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli, Nevsehir, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, University of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey
| | - S. Seyhan Tükel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, University of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey
| | - Deniz Yildirim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Ceyhan Engineering, University of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey
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12
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Hou Q, Li N, Chao Y, Li S, Zhang L. Design and regulation of the surface and interfacial behavior of protein molecules. Chin J Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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13
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14
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Rodriguez-Abetxuko A, Sánchez-deAlcázar D, Muñumer P, Beloqui A. Tunable Polymeric Scaffolds for Enzyme Immobilization. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:830. [PMID: 32850710 PMCID: PMC7406678 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of methodologies for the immobilization of enzymes using polymeric supports is continuously growing due to the developments in the fields of biotechnology, polymer chemistry, and nanotechnology in the last years. Despite being excellent catalysts, enzymes are very sensitive molecules and can undergo denaturation beyond their natural environment. For overcoming this issue, polymer chemistry offers a wealth of opportunities for the successful combination of enzymes with versatile natural or synthetic polymers. The fabrication of functional, stable, and robust biocatalytic hybrid materials (nanoparticles, capsules, hydrogels, or films) has been proven advantageous for several applications such as biomedicine, organic synthesis, biosensing, and bioremediation. In this review, supported with recent examples of enzyme-protein hybrids, we provide an overview of the methods used to combine both macromolecules, as well as the future directions and the main challenges that are currently being tackled in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pablo Muñumer
- PolyZymes group, POLYMAT and Department of Applied Chemistry (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ana Beloqui
- PolyZymes group, POLYMAT and Department of Applied Chemistry (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Bilbao, Spain
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15
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Yildirim D, Alagöz D, Toprak A, Tükel S, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Tuning dimeric formate dehydrogenases reduction/oxidation activities by immobilization. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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16
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Şahutoğlu AS, Akgül C. One-phase synthesis of single enzyme nanoparticles (SENs) of Trametes versicolor laccase by in situ acrylamide polymerisation. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2019.1642879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arif Sercan Şahutoğlu
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Cahit Akgül
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
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17
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Lee HY, Kimura S, Iwata T. Lipase-Catalyzed Regioselective Synthesis of Dextrin Esters. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:705-711. [PMID: 30398849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Four lipase enzymes were investigated as catalysts in the synthesis of regioselectively monosubstituted dextrin esters from dextrin and vinyl acetate. An immobilized lipase enzyme (Lipozyme TL IM) exhibited the highest activity. This enzyme showed regioselective substitution of the dextrin at the primary hydroxyl group (C6 position) under optimal conditions (60 °C for 24 h, using a 1:3 molar ratio of glucose unit/vinyl acetate and 2.5 U/mL enzyme dosage in an organic solvent). To compare the reactivity of other vinyl esters, monosubstituted dextrin esters (degrees of substitution [DS] ≈ 1) with varying side-chain lengths (C2-C12) were synthesized. With increasing side-chain length, the initial catalytic activity of the lipase enzyme decreased, resulting in lower DS values. However, the final DS values of the monosubstituted dextrin esters with longer side chains were higher than those of the shorter-chain analogues, because of an increase in affinity between the substrate and acyl donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak Yong Lee
- Science of Polymeric Materials, Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Satoshi Kimura
- Science of Polymeric Materials, Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan.,Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, College of Life Sciences , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Tadahisa Iwata
- Science of Polymeric Materials, Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
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Chapman R, Stenzel MH. All Wrapped up: Stabilization of Enzymes within Single Enzyme Nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:2754-2769. [PMID: 30621398 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes are extremely useful in many industrial and pharmaceutical areas due to their ability to catalyze reactions with high selectivity. In order to extend their lifetime, significant efforts have been made to increase their stability using protein- or medium engineering as well as by chemical modification. Many researchers have explored the immobilization of enzymes onto carriers, or entrapment within a matrix, framework or nanoparticle with the hope of constricting the movement of the enzyme and shielding it from aggressive environments, thus delaying the denaturation. These strategies often balance three competing interests: (i) maintaining high enzymatic activity, (ii) ensuring good long-term stability against temperature, dehydration, organic solvents, and or aggressive pH, and (iii) enabling a tuning or reversible switching of enzyme activity. In most cases, multiple enzymes will be contained within a single nanoparticle or matrix, but in recent years researchers have begun to wrap up individual enzymes within single enzyme nanoparticles (SENs). In these nanoparticles the enzyme is stabilized by a thin shell, typically a polymer, prepared either by in situ polymerization from the enzyme surface or by assembling a preformed polymer around it. Because of the increased control over the environment directly around the enzyme, and the possibility of more directly controlling substrate diffusion, many SENs show remarkable stability while retaining high initial activities even for quite fragile enzymes. Moreover, the activity of the enzyme can often be more easily fine-tuned by adjusting the layer properties. We postulate that this emerging field will offer exciting and elegant opportunities to both extend the catalytic lifetime of enzymes in aggressive solvents, temperatures and pH, and enable their activity to be switched on and off on demand by modulation of the outer material layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Chapman
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry , University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - Martina H Stenzel
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry , University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
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19
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Karthik S, Sreedharan R, Gandhi T. A Straightforward Metal-Free and Mild Base Promoted Amidation and Transesterification via
Acyl C-O bond Cleavage-An Expedite Synthesis of Aromatic Amides and Esters. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugam Karthik
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences; VIT University,Vellore; Tamil Nadu - 632014 India
| | - Ramdas Sreedharan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences; VIT University,Vellore; Tamil Nadu - 632014 India
| | - Thirumanavelan Gandhi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences; VIT University,Vellore; Tamil Nadu - 632014 India
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20
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Memon AH, Ding R, Yuan Q, Liang H, Wei Y. Coordination of GMP ligand with Cu to enhance the multiple enzymes stability and substrate specificity by co-immobilization process. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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21
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Synthesis of lipase polymer hybrids with retained or enhanced activity using the grafting-from strategy. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Beloqui A, Kobitski AY, Nienhaus GU, Delaittre G. A simple route to highly active single-enzyme nanogels. Chem Sci 2018; 9:1006-1013. [PMID: 29675147 PMCID: PMC5883864 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04438k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We have established a simple one-step synthesis of single-enzyme nanogels (SENs), i.e., nanobiocatalysts consisting of an enzyme molecule embedded in a hydrophilic, polymeric crosslinked nanostructure, as a most attractive approach to enhance the stability of enzymes. In contrast to earlier protocols, we demonstrate here that the addition of a small amount of sucrose makes the nanogel formation equally effective as earlier two-step protocols requiring enzyme pre-modification. This provides the dual advantage of skipping a synthetic step and preserving the surface chemistry of the enzymes, hence their native structure. Enzymes encapsulated in this way exhibit a high catalytic activity, similar to that of the free enzymes, in a markedly widened pH range. With our method, the thickness of the hydrogel layer can be finely tuned by careful adjustment of reaction parameters. This is most important because the shell thickness strongly affects both enzyme activity and stability, as we observe for a wide selection of proteins. Finally, a single-molecule analysis by means of two-color confocal fluorescence coincidence analysis confirms that our encapsulation method is highly efficient and suppresses the occurrence of nanoparticles lacking an enzyme molecule. The proposed method is therefore highly attractive for biocatalysis applications, ensuring a high activity and stability of the enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beloqui
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany . ;
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry , Institute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Engesserstrasse 15 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Andrei Yu Kobitski
- Institute of Applied Physics , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Wolfgang-Gaede-Strasse 1 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Gerd Ulrich Nienhaus
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany . ;
- Institute of Applied Physics , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Wolfgang-Gaede-Strasse 1 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany
- Department of Physics , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , USA
| | - Guillaume Delaittre
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany . ;
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry , Institute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Engesserstrasse 15 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
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Kovaliov M, Cheng C, Cheng B, Averick S. Grafting-from lipase: utilization of a common amino acid residue as a new grafting site. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01026a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A previously overlooked amino acid residue was utilized to grow polymers from proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Kovaliov
- Neuroscience Disruptive Research Lab
- Allegheny Health Network Research Institute
- Allegheny General Hospital
- Pitts-burgh
- USA
| | - Cooper Cheng
- Neuroscience Disruptive Research Lab
- Allegheny Health Network Research Institute
- Allegheny General Hospital
- Pitts-burgh
- USA
| | - Boyle Cheng
- Neuroscience Institute
- Allegheny Health Network
- Allegheny General Hospital
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Saadyah Averick
- Neuroscience Disruptive Research Lab
- Allegheny Health Network Research Institute
- Allegheny General Hospital
- Pitts-burgh
- USA
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Neamtu I, Rusu AG, Diaconu A, Nita LE, Chiriac AP. Basic concepts and recent advances in nanogels as carriers for medical applications. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:539-557. [PMID: 28181831 PMCID: PMC8240973 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1276232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanogels in biomedical field are promising and innovative materials as dispersions of hydrogel nanoparticles based on crosslinked polymeric networks that have been called as next generation drug delivery systems due to their relatively high drug encapsulation capacity, uniformity, tunable size, ease of preparation, minimal toxicity, stability in the presence of serum, and stimuli responsiveness. Nanogels show a great potential in chemotherapy, diagnosis, organ targeting and delivery of bioactive substances. The main subjects reviewed in this article concentrates on: (i) Nanogel assimilation in the nanomedicine domain; (ii) Features and advantages of nanogels, the main characteristics, such as: swelling capacity, stimuli sensitivity, the great surface area, functionalization, bioconjugation and encapsulation of bioactive substances, which are taken into account in designing the structures according to the application; some data on the advantages and limitations of the preparation techniques; (iii) Recent progress in nanogels as a carrier of genetic material, protein and vaccine. The majority of the scientific literature presents the multivalency potential of bioconjugated nanogels in various conditions. Today's research focuses over the overcoming of the restrictions imposed by cost, some medical requirements and technological issues, for nanogels' commercial scale production and their integration as a new platform in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iordana Neamtu
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Alina Diaconu
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
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Transesterification Synthesis of Chloramphenicol Esters with the Lipase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22091523. [PMID: 28925953 PMCID: PMC6151736 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents a synthetic route to produce chloramphenicol esters by taking advantage the high enantio- and regio-selectivity of lipases. A series of chloramphenicol esters were synthesized using chloramphenicol, acyl donors of different carbon chain length and lipase LipBA (lipase cloned from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens). Among acyl donors with different carbon chain lengths, vinyl propionate was found to be the best. The influences of different organic solvents, reaction temperature, reaction time, enzyme loading and water content on the synthesis of the chloramphenicol esters were studied. The synthesis of chloramphenicol propionate (0.25 M) with 4.0 g L−1 of LipBA loading gave a conversion of ~98% and a purity of ~99% within 8 h at 50 °C in 1,4-dioxane as solvent. The optimum mole ratio of vinyl propionate to chloramphenicol was increased to 5:1. This is the first report of B. amyloliquefaciens lipase being used in chloramphenicol ester synthesis and a detailed study of the synthesis of chloramphenicol propionate using this reaction. The high enzyme activity and selectivity make lipase LipBA an attractive catalyst for green chemical synthesis of molecules with complex structures.
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27
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Bonazza HL, Manzo RM, dos Santos JCS, Mammarella EJ. Operational and Thermal Stability Analysis of Thermomyces lanuginosus Lipase Covalently Immobilized onto Modified Chitosan Supports. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 184:182-196. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2546-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Cao SL, Deng X, Xu P, Huang ZX, Zhou J, Li XH, Zong MH, Lou WY. Highly Efficient Enzymatic Acylation of Dihydromyricetin by the Immobilized Lipase with Deep Eutectic Solvents as Cosolvent. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:2084-2088. [PMID: 28244316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel deep eutectic solvent (DES)-DMSO cosolvent system has been, for the first time, successfully used as the reaction medium for the enzymatic acylation of dihydromyricetin (DMY) catalyzed by the immobilized lipase from Aspergillus niger (ANL). The cosolvent mixture, ChCl:Glycerol-DMSO (1:3, v/v) proved to be the optimal medium. With the newly developed cosolvent, the initial reaction rate of enzymatic acylation of DMY achieved 11.1 mM/h and the conversion of DMY was 91.6%. ANL@PD-MNPs is stable and recyclable in this cosolvent, offering 90% conversion rate after repeated use of 5 times. The lipid-solubility of DMY-16-acetate was 10 times higher than that of its raw materials DMY. The results showed that the DMY-16-acetate product exhibits good antioxidative activity. The present research illustrated that the use of DES-DMSO cosolvent may become a feasible alternative for the synthesis of DMY ester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Lin Cao
- Lab of Applied Biocatalysis, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , No. 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Department of Food Science, Foshan University , No. 18 Jiangwan Yi Road, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Xiao Deng
- Lab of Applied Biocatalysis, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , No. 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Pei Xu
- Lab of Applied Biocatalysis, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , No. 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zi-Xuan Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology , No. 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology , No. 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xue-Hui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology , No. 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Min-Hua Zong
- Lab of Applied Biocatalysis, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , No. 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology , No. 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wen-Yong Lou
- Lab of Applied Biocatalysis, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , No. 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology , No. 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Cao X, Ni Y, Zhang A, Xu S, Chen K, Ouyang P. Encapsulation of enzymes in metal ion–surfactant nanocomposites for catalysis in highly polar solvents. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:3134-3137. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc00607a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We proposed the use of organic surfactants to construct the metal ion–surfactant nanocomposites which encapsulated enzymes simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Cao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Yan Ni
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Alei Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Sheng Xu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Kequan Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Pingkai Ouyang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
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Cao S, Xu P, Ma Y, Yao X, Yao Y, Zong M, Li X, Lou W. Recent advances in immobilized enzymes on nanocarriers. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(16)62528-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Jia H, Gao Z, Ma Y, Zhong C, Wang C, Zhou H, Wei P. Preparation and characterization of a highly stable phenoxazinone synthase nanogel. Chem Cent J 2016; 10:34. [PMID: 27239225 PMCID: PMC4884384 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-016-0178-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenoxazinone synthase (PHS) is a laccase-like multicopper oxidase originating from Streptomyces with great industrial application potential. In this paper, we prepared the PHS nanogel retaining 82 % of its initial activity by aqueous in situ polymerization at pH 9.3. RESULTS The average diameter of the PHS nanogel was 50.8 nm based on dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. Fluorescence analysis indicated the impressive preservation of the enzyme molecular structure upon modification. The PHS nanogel exhibited the most activity at pH 4.0-4.5 and 50 °C while the corresponding values were pH 4.5 and 40 °C for the native PHS. The K m and V max of the PHS nanogel were found to be 0.052 mM and 0.018 mM/min, whereas those of the native PHS were 0.077 mM and 0.021 mM/min, respectively. In addition, the PHS nanogel possessed higher thermal and storage stability and solvent tolerance compared with the native one. The half-life of the PHS nanogel was 1.71 h and multiplied around ninefold compared to 0.19 h for the native one. CONCLUSION In summary, the PHS nanogel could be a promising biocatalyst in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghua Jia
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800 China
| | - Zhen Gao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800 China
| | - Yingying Ma
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800 China
| | - Chao Zhong
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800 China
| | - Chunming Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800 China
| | - Hua Zhou
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800 China
| | - Ping Wei
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800 China
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Beloqui A, Baur S, Trouillet V, Welle A, Madsen J, Bastmeyer M, Delaittre G. Single-Molecule Encapsulation: A Straightforward Route to Highly Stable and Printable Enzymes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:1716-22. [PMID: 26849308 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201503405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A mild, fast, and sequence-independent method for controlled enzyme immobilization is presented. This novel approach involves the encapsulation of single-enzyme molecules and the covalent attachment of these nanobiocatalysts onto surfaces. Fast and mild immobilization conditions, combined with low nonspecific adsorption on hydrophobic substrates, enables well-defined surface patterns via microcontact printing. The biohybrid materials show enhanced activity in organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beloqui
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sarah Baur
- Zoological Institute, Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Haid-und-Neu-Strasse 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Vanessa Trouillet
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Alexander Welle
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jeppe Madsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Martin Bastmeyer
- Zoological Institute, Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Haid-und-Neu-Strasse 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute for Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Guillaume Delaittre
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Ozyilmaz E, Bayrakci M, Yilmaz M. Improvement of catalytic activity of Candida rugosa lipase in the presence of calix[4]arene bearing iminodicarboxylic/phosphonic acid complexes modified iron oxide nanoparticles. Bioorg Chem 2016; 65:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
AbstractThe field of nanobiocatalysis has experienced a rapid growth due to recent advances in nanotechnology. However, biocatalytic processes are often limited by the lack of stability of the enzymes and their short lifetime. Therefore, immobilization is key to the successful implementation of industrial processes based on enzymes. Immobilization of enzymes on functionalized nanostructured materials could give higher stability to nanobiocatalysts while maintaining free enzyme activity and easy recyclability under various conditions. This review will discuss recent developments in nanobiocatalysis to improve the stability of the enzyme using various nanostructured materials such as mesoporous materials, nanofibers, nanoparticles, nanotubes, and individual nanoparticles enzymes. Also, this review summarizes the recent evolution of nanostructured biocatalysts with an emphasis on those formed with polymers. Based on the synthetic procedures used, established methods fall into two important categories: “grafting onto” and “grafting from”. The fundamentals of each method in enhancing enzyme stability and the use of these new nanobiocatalysts as tools for different applications in different areas are discussed.
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Gómez S, Bayón C, Navarrete S, Guisán JM, Hernáiz MJ. Stabilization of β-Gal-3 ATCC 31382 on agarose gels: synthesis of β-(1→3) galactosides under sustainable conditions. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra15670c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Gal-3 was immobilized by multipoint covalent attachment on an agarose support. The derivative was characterized and usefully applied as a recoverable and reusable biocatalyst for the synthesis of β-(1 → 3) galactosides under sustainable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gómez
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Complutense University of Madrid
- Campus de Moncloa
- Madrid
| | - Carlos Bayón
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Complutense University of Madrid
- Campus de Moncloa
- Madrid
| | - Sergio Navarrete
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Complutense University of Madrid
- Campus de Moncloa
- Madrid
| | - José M. Guisán
- Biocatalysis Department
- Catalysis Institute-CSIC
- Campus UAM
- Spain
| | - María J. Hernáiz
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Complutense University of Madrid
- Campus de Moncloa
- Madrid
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36
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Yang C, Mo H, Zang L, Chen J, Wang Z, Qiu J. Surface functionalized natural inorganic nanorod for highly efficient cellulase immobilization. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra15659b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Immobilization of cellulase on attapulgite@chitosan nanocomposite support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Nonferrous Metals and Specific Materials Processing
- College of Material Science and Engineering
- Guilin University of Technology
- Guilin 541004
- China
| | - Haodao Mo
- Department of Machine Intelligence and Systems Engineering
- Faculty of Systems Science and Technology
- Akita Prefectural University
- Yurihonjo 015-0055
- Japan
| | - Limin Zang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Nonferrous Metals and Specific Materials Processing
- College of Material Science and Engineering
- Guilin University of Technology
- Guilin 541004
- China
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Nonferrous Metals and Specific Materials Processing
- College of Material Science and Engineering
- Guilin University of Technology
- Guilin 541004
- China
| | - Zhenqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Nonferrous Metals and Specific Materials Processing
- College of Material Science and Engineering
- Guilin University of Technology
- Guilin 541004
- China
| | - Jianhui Qiu
- Department of Machine Intelligence and Systems Engineering
- Faculty of Systems Science and Technology
- Akita Prefectural University
- Yurihonjo 015-0055
- Japan
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37
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Dal Magro L, Hertz PF, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Klein MP, Rodrigues RC. Preparation and characterization of a Combi-CLEAs from pectinases and cellulases: a potential biocatalyst for grape juice clarification. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03940e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Combi-CLEAs of pectinases and cellulases were prepared for grape juice clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Dal Magro
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess and Biocatalysis Group
- Institute of Food Science and Technology
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
- Porto Alegre
- Brazil
| | - Plinho F. Hertz
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess and Biocatalysis Group
- Institute of Food Science and Technology
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
- Porto Alegre
- Brazil
| | | | - Manuela P. Klein
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess and Biocatalysis Group
- Institute of Food Science and Technology
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
- Porto Alegre
- Brazil
| | - Rafael C. Rodrigues
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess and Biocatalysis Group
- Institute of Food Science and Technology
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
- Porto Alegre
- Brazil
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38
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Koda Y, Terashima T, Maynard HD, Sawamoto M. Protein storage with perfluorinated PEG compartments in a hydrofluorocarbon solvent. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01333c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel storage technology of proteins with surface-perfluorinated poly(ethylene glycol) compartments in 2H,3H-perfluoropentane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Koda
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Takaya Terashima
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Heather D. Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California Nano Systems Institute
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Mitsuo Sawamoto
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
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Lee SW, Cheon SA, Kim MI, Park TJ. Organic-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers: types, characteristics, and future prospects. J Nanobiotechnology 2015; 13:54. [PMID: 26337651 PMCID: PMC4559159 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-015-0118-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers, a newly developed class of flower-like hybrid nanoparticles, have received much attention due to their simple synthesis, high efficiency, and enzyme stabilizing ability. This article covers, in detail, the types, structural features, mechanism of formation, and bio-related applications of hybrid nanoflowers. The five major types of hybrid nanoflowers are discussed, i.e., copper-protein, calcium-protein, and manganese-protein hybrid nanoflowers, copper-DNA hybrid nanoflowers, and capsular hybrid nanoflowers. The structural features of these nanoflowers, such as size, shape, and protein ratio generally determine their applications. Thus, the specific characteristics of hybrid nanoflowers are summarized in this review. The interfacial mechanism of nanoflower formation is examined in three steps: first, combination of metal ion and organic matter; second, formation of petals; third, growth of nanoflowers. The explanations provided herein can be utilized in the development of innovative approaches for the synthesis of hybrid nanoflowers for prospective development of a plethora of hybrid nanoflowers. The future prospects of hybrid nanoflowers in the biotechnology industry, medicine, sensing, and catalysis are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Woo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seon Ah Cheon
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Moon Il Kim
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 461-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Jung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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Hou M, Wang R, Wu X, Zhang Y, Ge J, Liu Z. Synthesis of Lutein Esters by Using a Reusable Lipase-Pluronic Conjugate as the Catalyst. Catal Letters 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-015-1597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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42
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Dai L, Li CX, Liu KF, Su HJ, Chen BQ, Zhang GF, He J, Lei JD. Self-assembled serum albumin–poly(l-lactic acid) nanoparticles: a novel nanoparticle platform for drug delivery in cancer. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16346j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new protein–hydrophobic polymeric nanoparticle platform BSA–PLLA NPs has been prepared. A large amount of BA was well encapsulated into the BSA–PLLA NPs. Moreover, the BSA–PLLA/BA NPs shows excellent antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083
- P. R. China
| | - Chun-Xiao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083
- P. R. China
| | - Ke-Feng Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083
- P. R. China
| | - Hai-Jia Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Bi-Qiang Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Gui-Feng Zhang
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100090
- P. R. China
| | - Jing He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083
- P. R. China
| | - Jian-Du Lei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083
- P. R. China
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Wu X, Ge J, Zhu J, Zhang Y, Yong Y, Liu Z. A general method for synthesizing enzyme–polymer conjugates in reverse emulsions using Pluronic as a reactive surfactant. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:9674-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc01776a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A general method was proposed for synthesizing enzyme–Pluronic nanoconjugates and microgels in reverse emulsions formed by using aldehyde-functionalized Pluronic F-127 as a reactive surfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Wu
- Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
| | - Jun Ge
- Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
| | - Jingying Zhu
- Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
| | - You Yong
- Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
| | - Zheng Liu
- Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
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44
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Lipase immobilization on magnetic microspheres via spacer arms: Effect of steric hindrance on the activity. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-013-0495-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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45
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Enzyme activity in liquid lipase melts as a step towards solvent-free biology at 150 °C. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5058. [PMID: 25284507 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Water molecules play a number of critical roles in enzyme catalysis, including mass transfer of substrates and products, nucleophilicity and proton transfer at the active site, and solvent shell-mediated dynamics for accessing catalytically competent conformations. The pervasiveness of water in enzymolysis therefore raises the question concerning whether biocatalysis can be undertaken in the absence of a protein hydration shell. Lipase-mediated catalysis has been undertaken with reagent-based solvents and lyophilized powders, but there are no examples of molecularly dispersed enzymes that catalyse reactions at sub-solvation levels within solvent-free melts. Here we describe the synthesis, properties and enzyme activity of self-contained reactive biofluids based on solvent-free melts of lipase-polymer surfactant nanoconjugates. Desiccated substrates in liquid (p-nitrophenyl butyrate) or solid (p-nitrophenyl palmitate) form can be mixed or solubilized, respectively, into the enzyme biofluids, and hydrolysed in the solvent-free state. Significantly, the efficiency of product formation increases as the temperature is raised to 150 °C.
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47
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Qi D, Cao Z, Ziener U. Recent advances in the preparation of hybrid nanoparticles in miniemulsions. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 211:47-62. [PMID: 24951391 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize recent advances in the synthesis of hybrid nanoparticles in miniemulsions since 2009. These hybrid nanoparticles include organic-inorganic, polymeric, and natural macromolecule/synthetic polymer hybrid nanoparticles. They may be prepared through encapsulation of inorganic components or natural macromolecules by miniemulsion (co)polymerization, simultaneous polymerization of vinyl monomers and vinyl-containing inorganic precursors, precipitation of preformed polymers in the presence of inorganic constituents through solvent displacement techniques, and grafting polymerization onto, from or through natural macromolecules. Characterization, properties, and applications of hybrid nanoparticles are also discussed.
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48
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Li Z, Zhang Y, Su Y, Ouyang P, Ge J, Liu Z. Spatial co-localization of multi-enzymes by inorganic nanocrystal–protein complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:12465-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05478d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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49
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Wang R, Zhang Y, Ge J, Liu Z. Activation of enzyme nanogel in organic solvents by PEG–substrate joint imprinting. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06660j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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50
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Wu X, Wang R, Zhang Y, Ge J, Liu Z. Enantioselective Ammonolysis of Phenylglycine Methyl Ester with Lipase–Pluronic Nanoconjugate in Tertiary Butanol. Catal Letters 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-014-1289-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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