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Xiao R, Zeng J, Bressler EM, Lu W, Grinstaff MW. Synthesis of bioactive (1→6)-β-glucose branched poly-amido-saccharides that stimulate and induce M1 polarization in macrophages. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4661. [PMID: 35945224 PMCID: PMC9363418 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32346-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Glucans are of significant interest due to their potent antitumor and immunomodulatory activities. Nevertheless, the difficulty in purification, structural heterogenicity, and limited solubility impede the development of structure-property relationships and translation to therapeutic applications. Here, we report the synthesis of a new class of (1→6)-β-glucose-branched poly-amido-saccharides (PASs) as β-glucan mimetics by ring-opening polymerization of a gentiobiose-based disaccharide β-lactam and its copolymerization with a glucose-based β-lactam, followed by post-polymerization deprotection. The molecular weight (Mn) and frequency of branching (FB) of PASs is readily tuned by adjusting monomer-to-initiator ratio and mole fraction of gentiobiose-lactam in copolymerization. Branched PASs stimulate mouse macrophages, and enhance production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in a FB-, dose-, and Mn-dependent manner. The stimulation proceeds via the activation of NF-κB/AP-1 pathway in a Dectin-1-dependent manner, similar to natural β-glucans. The lead PAS significantly polarizes primary human macrophages towards M1 phenotype compared to other β-glucans such as lentinan, laminarin, and curdlan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Shenzhen Middle School, Shenzhen, GD, 518001, China
| | - Jialiu Zeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Eric M Bressler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Wei Lu
- Tosoh Bioscience LLC, King of Prussia, PA, 19406, USA
| | - Mark W Grinstaff
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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2
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Peng D, Wen Y, Bi S, Huang C, Yang J, Guo Z, Huang W, Zhu J, Yu R, Song L. A new GlcNAc-containing polysaccharide from Morchella importuna fruiting bodies: Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activities in vitro and in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:1134-1149. [PMID: 34656541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the purification and characterization of a new immunomodulatory GlcNAc-containing polysaccharide (MIPB70-1) from Morchella importuna with molecular weights of 20.6 kDa. Structural analysis indicated that MIPB70-1 was composed of GlcNAc:Gal:Glc:Man with molar ratios of 1.00:7.16:5.54:5.61, and its primary structure was characterized as a repeating unit consisting of →6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, α-D-GlcpNAc-(1→, α-D-Galp-(1→, β-D-Glcp-(1→, →6)-α-D-Manp-(1→, →4)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1→, →4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→, →3,6)-α-D-Manp-(1→, →2)-α-D-Galp-(1→, →2,3,6)-α-D-Manp-(1→. Immunological assays indicated that MIPB70-1 enhanced the phagocytic function and promoted the secretion of nitric oxide (NO) as well as cytokines through targeting Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on macrophage membrane and activating the downstream signaling pathways in RAW 264.7 cells. MIPB70-1 regulated mouse immunity to counteract the immune damage caused by the chemotherapy drug cyclophosphamide (CTX) in vivo. Furthermore, MIPB70-1 enhanced the anti-tumor activity of doxorubicin (DOX) and inhibited the growth of tumors, by immunomodulation in the orthotopic murine model of 4T1 breast cancer. These results demonstrate the potential of this GlcNAc-containing polysaccharide as an immune enhancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yao Wen
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Sixue Bi
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chunhua Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jianing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhongyi Guo
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Weijuan Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Rongmin Yu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China; Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Liyan Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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3
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Wen Y, Peng D, Li C, Hu X, Bi S, Song L, Peng B, Zhu J, Chen Y, Yu R. A new polysaccharide isolated from Morchella importuna fruiting bodies and its immunoregulatory mechanism. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 137:8-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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4
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Reddy Bonam S, Naidu Gorantla J, Thangarasu AK, Lankalapalli RS, Sampath Kumar HM. Polyhydroxy-N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidinones as a new class of glycolipid analogues with immune modulation potential. J Carbohydr Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2017.1413193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
- Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, Natural Products Chemistry Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
- CNRS UPR 3572, Laboratory of Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry/Laboratory of Excellence MEDALIS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jaggaiah Naidu Gorantla
- Organic Chemistry Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Arun Kumar Thangarasu
- Organic Chemistry Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Ravi Shankar Lankalapalli
- Organic Chemistry Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Halmuthur Mahabalarao Sampath Kumar
- Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, Natural Products Chemistry Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
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5
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6
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A novel self-assembly Lentinan-tetraphenylethylene composite with strong blue fluorescence in water and its properties. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 174:13-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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7
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Nguyen AH, Gonzaga MI, Lim VM, Adler MJ, Mitkov MV, Cappel MA. Clinical features of shiitake dermatitis: a systematic review. Int J Dermatol 2017; 56:610-616. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria I. Gonzaga
- Department of Biology; Frank R. Seaver College of Science and Engineering; Loyola Marymount University; Los Angeles CA USA
| | | | | | - Mario V. Mitkov
- Department of Dermatology; Mayo Clinic Florida; Jacksonville FL USA
| | - Mark A. Cappel
- Department of Dermatology; Mayo Clinic Florida; Jacksonville FL USA
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8
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Barley β-glucan-protein based bioplastic film with enhanced physicochemical properties for packaging. Food Hydrocoll 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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Liu Y, Gong G, Sun Y, Gu X, Huang L, Wang Z. Isolation, structural characterization, and immunological activity of a polysaccharide LRLP4-A from the leaves ofLycium ruthenicum. J Carbohydr Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2015.1120875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Sugita K, Tanabe Y, Kodaira N, Hirakawa M, Yamaguchi S, Shibata A, Shimojoh M, Kurita K. Facile synthesis of branched chitin by glycosylation of fully trimethylsilylated chitin with a glucosamine-derived oxazoline. Polym Bull (Berl) 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-014-1104-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Cellulose–chitin hybrids: synthesis of branched amino polysaccharides by regioselective introduction of (N-acetyl-)d-glucosamine branches into cellulose. Polym Bull (Berl) 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-013-1062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Arancibia R, Maturana C, Silva D, Tobar N, Tapia C, Salazar JC, Martínez J, Smith PC. Effects of chitosan particles in periodontal pathogens and gingival fibroblasts. J Dent Res 2013; 92:740-5. [PMID: 23788611 DOI: 10.1177/0022034513494816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a naturally derived polymer with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. However, studies evaluating the role of chitosan in the control of periodontal pathogens and the responses of fibroblasts to inflammatory stimuli are lacking. In the present study, we analyzed whether chitosan particles may inhibit the growth of periodontal pathogens and modulate the inflammatory response in human gingival fibroblasts. Chitosan particles were generated through ionic gelation. They inhibited the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans at 5 mg/mL. Conversely, IL-1β strongly stimulated PGE2 protein levels in gingival fibroblasts, and chitosan inhibited this response at 50 µg/mL. IL-1β-stimulated PGE2 production was dependent on the JNK pathway, and chitosan strongly inhibited this response. IL-1β stimulated NF-κB activation, another signaling pathway involved in PGE2 production. However, chitosan particles were unable to modify NF-κB signaling. The present study shows that chitosan exerts a predominantly anti-inflammatory activity by modulating PGE2 levels through the JNK pathway, which may be useful in the prevention or treatment of periodontal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Arancibia
- Dentistry Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
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13
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Xu X, Yan H, Zhang X. Structure and immuno-stimulating activities of a new heteropolysaccharide from Lentinula edodes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:11560-6. [PMID: 23106232 DOI: 10.1021/jf304364c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new heteropolysaccharide, here called L2, was separated from the fruit body of Lentinula edodes. Chemical and physical analyses indicated that L2 has a molecular weight of 26 KDa and consists of glucose (87.5%), galactose (9.6%), and arabinose (2.8%), but it does not possess a triple-helical conformation. Stimulation of the production of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in RAW 264.7 cells showed that L2 has significant immune activities involving toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). Further studies demonstrated that the activities of L2 exhibited high stability in wide range of pH from 4.0 to 10.0, when the thermal processing temperature was below 121 °C. Our findings revealed that a new heteropolysaccharide without triple-helical conformation from Lentinula edodes shows immuno-stimulating activities involving TLR2 at modest pH and thermal processing conditions, which enable it to act as an active component in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Xu
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Liu Q, Xu X, Zhang L, Yu J. Interaction between polydeoxyadenylic acid and β-glucan from Lentinus edodes. Eur Polym J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Thaker HD, Som A, Ayaz F, Lui D, Pan W, Scott RW, Anguita J, Tew GN. Synthetic mimics of antimicrobial peptides with immunomodulatory responses. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:11088-91. [PMID: 22697149 DOI: 10.1021/ja303304j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new series of aryl-based synthetic mimics of antimicrobial peptides (SMAMPs) with antimicrobial activity and selectivity have been developed via systematic tuning of the aromatic groups and charge. The addition of a pendant aromatic group improved the antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, while the addition of charge improved the selectivity. SMAMP 4 with six charges and a naphthalene central ring demonstrated a selectivity of 200 against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli , compared with a selectivity of 8 for the peptide MSI-78. In addition to the direct antimicrobial activity, SMAMP 4 exhibited specific immunomodulatory activities in macrophages both in the presence and in the absence of lipopolysaccharide, a TLR agonist. SMAMP 4 also induced the production of a neutrophil chemoattractant, murine KC, in mouse primary cells. This is the first nonpeptidic SMAMP demonstrating both good antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh D Thaker
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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16
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Umemura T, Hirakawa M, Yoshida Y, Kurita K. Quantitative protection of chitin by one-step tritylation and benzylation to synthesize precursors for chemical modifications. Polym Bull (Berl) 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-012-0719-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Xu X, Pan C, Zhang L, Ashida H. Immunomodulatory beta-glucan from Lentinus edodes activates mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-kappaB in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:31194-8. [PMID: 21775433 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.246470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lentinan, a cell wall β-glucan from the fruiting bodies of Lentinus edodes, is well known to be a biological defense modifier, but the signal transduction pathway(s) induced by Lentinan have not been elucidated. In this study, we extracted Lentinan (LNT-S) by ultrasonication from Lentinus edodes and report that, in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages, LNT-S glucan activated NF-κB p65 and triggered its nuclear translocation as determined by Western blotting. Moreover, LNT-S enhanced NF-κB-luciferase activity in the Dual-Luciferase gene system assay. Its upstream signaling molecules, MAPKs such as ERK1/2 and JNK1/2, were shown to be activated by assessing the level of phosphorylation in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, but its downstream proinflammatory enzyme, inducible NOS, was not observed. The data evaluated using a TNF-α ELISA kit and Griess reagent further demonstrated that no proinflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and NO were produced by LNT-S stimulation in RAW 264.7 cells. In contrast, LPS significantly induced inducible NOS expression and increased NO and TNF-α production, which are associated with activation of the NF-κB p65/p50 heterodimer complex. It is possible that LNT-S did not activate NF-κB p65/p50, and the activation of NF-κB p65 was not sufficient to stimulate cytokine production. These data demonstrate that LNT-S glucan carries out its immunomodulating activity by activating MAPK signaling pathways without secretion of TNF-α and NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Kurita K, Matsumura Y, Takahara H, Hatta K, Shimojoh M. Synthesis and macrophage activation of lentinan-mimic branched amino polysaccharides: curdlans having N-Acetyl-d-glucosamine branches. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:2267-74. [PMID: 21526779 DOI: 10.1021/bm200353m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
N-Acetyl-d-glucosamine branches were incorporated at the C-6 position of curdlan, a linear β-1,3-d-glucan, and the resulting nonnatural branched polysaccharides were evaluated in terms of the immunomodulation activities in comparison with lentinan, a β-1,3-d-glucan having d-glucose branches at C-6. To incorporate the amino sugar branches, we conducted a series of regioselective protection-deprotections of curdlan involving triphenylmethylation at C-6, phenylcarbamoylation at C-2 and C-4, and detriphenylmethylation. Subsequent glycosylation with a d-glucosamine-derived oxazoline, followed by deprotection gave rise to the branched curdlans with various substitution degrees. The products exhibited remarkable solubility in both organic solvents and water. Their immunomodulation activities were determined using mouse macrophagelike cells, and the secretions of both the tumor necrosis factor and nitric oxide proved to be significantly higher than those with lentinan. These results conclude that the amino sugar/curdlan hybrid materials are promising as a new type of polysaccharide immunoadjuvants useful for cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kurita
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Seikei University , Musashino-shi, Tokyo, Japan.
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