1
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Huang W, Baliga C, Vázquez-Laslop N, Mankin A. Sequence diversity of apidaecin-like peptides arresting the terminating ribosome. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:8967-8978. [PMID: 38953159 PMCID: PMC11347161 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The Proline-rich Antimicrobial Peptide (PrAMP) apidaecin (Api) inhibits translation by binding in the ribosomal nascent peptide exit tunnel, trapping release factors RF1 or RF2, and arresting ribosomes at stop codons. To explore the extent of sequence variations of the native 18-amino acid Api that allows it to preserve its activity, we screened a library of synthetic mutant Api genes expressed in bacterial cells, resulting in nearly 350000 peptide variants with multiple substitutions. By applying orthogonal negative and positive selection strategies, we identified a number of multi-substituted Api variants capable of arresting ribosomes at stop codons. Our findings underscore the critical contribution of specific amino acid residues of the peptide for its on-target function while significantly expanding the variety of PrAMPs acting on the terminating ribosome. Additionally, some of the tested synthesized multi-substituted Api variants exhibit improved antibacterial activity compared to that of the wild type PrAMP and may constitute the starting point to develop clinically useful antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Chetana Baliga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Nora Vázquez-Laslop
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Alexander S Mankin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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2
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Wall BJ, Sharma KK, O’Brien EA, Donovan A, VanVeller B. General Installation of (4 H)-Imidazolone cis-Amide Bioisosteres Along the Peptide Backbone. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:11648-11656. [PMID: 38629317 PMCID: PMC11062833 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Imidazolones represent an important class of heterocycles present in a wide range of pharmaceuticals, metabolites, and bioactive natural products and serve as the active chromophore in green fluorescent protein. Recently, imidazolones have received attention for their ability to act as a nonaromatic amide bond bioisotere which improves pharmacological properties. Herein, we present a tandem amidine installation and cyclization with an adjacent ester to yield (4H)-imidazolone products. Using amino acid building blocks, we can access the first examples of α-chiral imidazolones that have been previously inaccessible. Additionally, our method is amenable to on-resin installation which can be seamlessly integrated into existing solid-phase peptide synthesis protocols. Finally, we show that peptide imidazolones are potent cis-amide bond surrogates that preorganize linear peptides for head-to-tail macrocyclization. This work represents the first general approach to the backbone and side-chain insertion of imidazolone bioisosteres at various positions in linear and cyclic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan J. Wall
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | | | | | - Aaron Donovan
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Brett VanVeller
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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3
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Brakel A, Grochow T, Fritsche S, Knappe D, Krizsan A, Fietz SA, Alber G, Hoffmann R, Müller U. Evaluation of proline-rich antimicrobial peptides as potential lead structures for novel antimycotics against Cryptococcus neoformans. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1328890. [PMID: 38260890 PMCID: PMC10800876 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1328890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cryptococcosis and cryptococcal meningitis, caused by Cryptococcus neoformans infections, lead to approximately 180,000 deaths per year, primarily in developing countries. Individuals with compromised immune systems, e.g., due to HIV infection (AIDS) or chemotherapy, are particularly vulnerable. Conventional treatment options are often limited and can cause severe side effects. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the antifungal effect of insect-derived proline-rich antimicrobial peptides (PrAMPs) against C. neoformans. These peptides are known for their low toxicity and their high efficacy in murine infection models, making them a promising alternative for treatment. Results A preliminary screening of the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 20 AMPs, including the well-known PrAMPs Onc112, Api137, and Chex1Arg20 as well as the cathelicidin CRAMP against the C. neoformans strains 1841, H99, and KN99α revealed promising results, with MICs as low as 1.6 μmol/L. Subsequent investigations of selected peptides, determining their influence on fungal colony-forming units, confirmed their strong activity. The antifungal activity was affected by factors such as peptide net charge and sequence, with stronger effects at higher net charges probably due to better intracellular uptake confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Inactive scrambled peptides suggest a specific intracellular target, although scanning electron microscopy showed that PrAMPs also damaged the cell exterior for a low proportion of the cells. Possible pore formation could facilitate entry into the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Brakel
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Bioanalytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Grochow
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefanie Fritsche
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Knappe
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Bioanalytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andor Krizsan
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Bioanalytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Simone A. Fietz
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gottfried Alber
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Bioanalytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe Müller
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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4
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Richards A, Lupoli TJ. Peptide-based molecules for the disruption of bacterial Hsp70 chaperones. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 76:102373. [PMID: 37516006 PMCID: PMC11217992 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
DnaK is a chaperone that aids in nascent protein folding and the maintenance of proteome stability across bacteria. Due to the importance of DnaK in cellular proteostasis, there have been efforts to generate molecules that modulate its function. In nature, both protein substrates and antimicrobial peptides interact with DnaK. However, many of these ligands interact with other cellular machinery as well. Recent work has sought to modify these peptide scaffolds to create DnaK-selective and species-specific probes. Others have reported protein domain mimics of interaction partners to disrupt cellular DnaK function and high-throughput screening approaches to discover clinically-relevant peptidomimetics that inhibit DnaK. The described work provides a foundation for the design of new assays and molecules to regulate DnaK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aweon Richards
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Tania J Lupoli
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
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5
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Skowron KJ, Baliga C, Johnson T, Kremiller KM, Castroverde A, Dean TT, Allen AC, Lopez-Hernandez AM, Aleksandrova EV, Klepacki D, Mankin AS, Polikanov YS, Moore TW. Structure-Activity Relationships of the Antimicrobial Peptide Natural Product Apidaecin. J Med Chem 2023; 66:11831-11842. [PMID: 37603874 PMCID: PMC10768847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
With the growing crisis of antimicrobial resistance, it is critical to continue to seek out new sources of novel antibiotics. This need has led to renewed interest in natural product antimicrobials, specifically antimicrobial peptides. Nonlytic antimicrobial peptides are highly promising due to their unique mechanisms of action. One such peptide is apidaecin (Api), which inhibits translation termination through stabilization of the quaternary complex of the ribosome-apidaecin-tRNA-release factor. Synthetic derivatives of apidaecin have been developed, but structure-guided modifications have yet to be considered. In this work, we have focused on modifying key residues in the Api sequence that are responsible for the interactions that stabilize the quaternary complex. We present one of the first examples of a highly modified Api peptide that maintains its antimicrobial activity and interaction with the translation complex. These findings establish a starting point for further structure-guided optimization of Api peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornelia J Skowron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Chetana Baliga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Tatum Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Kyle M Kremiller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Alexandra Castroverde
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Trevor T Dean
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - A'Lester C Allen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Ana M Lopez-Hernandez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Elena V Aleksandrova
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Dorota Klepacki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Alexander S Mankin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Yury S Polikanov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Terry W Moore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
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6
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Mangano K, Klepacki D, Ohanmu I, Baliga C, Huang W, Brakel A, Krizsan A, Polikanov YS, Hoffmann R, Vázquez-Laslop N, Mankin AS. Inhibition of translation termination by the antimicrobial peptide Drosocin. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:1082-1090. [PMID: 36997647 PMCID: PMC10757563 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01300-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
The proline-rich antimicrobial peptide (PrAMP) Drosocin (Dro) from fruit flies shows sequence similarity to other PrAMPs that bind to the ribosome and inhibit protein synthesis by varying mechanisms. The target and mechanism of action of Dro, however, remain unknown. Here we show that Dro arrests ribosomes at stop codons, probably sequestering class 1 release factors associated with the ribosome. This mode of action is comparable to that of apidaecin (Api) from honeybees, making Dro the second member of the type II PrAMP class. Nonetheless, analysis of a comprehensive library of endogenously expressed Dro mutants shows that the interactions of Dro and Api with the target are markedly distinct. While only a few C-terminal amino acids of Api are critical for binding, the interaction of Dro with the ribosome relies on multiple amino acid residues distributed throughout the PrAMP. Single-residue substitutions can substantially enhance the on-target activity of Dro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Mangano
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dorota Klepacki
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Irueosa Ohanmu
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chetana Baliga
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Weiping Huang
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexandra Brakel
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andor Krizsan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yury S Polikanov
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Nora Vázquez-Laslop
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Alexander S Mankin
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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7
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Mohammed GK, Böttger R, Krizsan A, Volke D, Mötzing M, Li SD, Knappe D, Hoffmann R. In Vitro Properties and Pharmacokinetics of Temporarily PEGylated Onc72 Prodrugs. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202368. [PMID: 36631971 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The favorable properties of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) to rapidly kill pathogens are often limited by unfavorable pharmacokinetics due to fast degradation and renal clearance rates. Here, a prodrug strategy linking proline-rich AMP Onc72 to polyethylene glycol (PEGs) with average molecular weights of 5 and 20 kDa via a peptide linker containing a protease cleavage site is tested for the first time in vivo. Onc72 is released from these 5k- and 20k-prodrugs in mouse serum with half-life times (t1/2 ) of 8 and 14 h, respectively. Importantly, PEGylation protects Onc72 from proteolytic degradation providing a prolonged release of Onc72, balancing the degradation of free Onc72, and leading to relatively stable Onc72 concentrations and high antibacterial activities. The prodrugs are not hemolytic on human erythrocytes and show only slight cytotoxic effects on human cell lines indicating promising safety margins. When administered subcutaneously to female CD-1 mice, the prodrugs elimination t1/2 are 66 min and ≈5.5 h, respectively, compared to 43 min of free Onc72. The maximal Onc72 plasma levels are obtained ≈1 and ≈8 h postadministration, respectively. In conclusion, the prodrugs provide extended elimination t1/2 and a constant release of Onc72 in mice, potentially limiting adverse effects and increasing efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gubran Khalil Mohammed
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Roland Böttger
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Andor Krizsan
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniela Volke
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marina Mötzing
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Shyh-Dar Li
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Daniel Knappe
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,EnBiotix GmbH, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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8
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Luo X, Zhang T, Tang H, Liu J. Novel electrochemical and electrochemiluminescence dual-modality sensing platform for sensitive determination of antimicrobial peptides based on probe encapsulated liposome and nanochannel array electrode. Front Nutr 2022; 9:962736. [PMID: 36046128 PMCID: PMC9421287 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.962736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing application of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) to replace antibiotics in medicine, food and agriculture, it is highly desired to develop a fast, reliable, and convenient strategy for sensitive detection of AMPs. Herein, a novel electrochemical (EC) and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) dual-modality sensing platform was developed based on probe encapsulated liposomes and nanochannel array modified electrodes, which enables sensitive determination of nisin in food samples. The bifunctional probe with both EC and ECL signals, tris(2,2-bipyridyl) dichlororuthenium (II) (Ru(bpy)32+), was chosen to be easily encapsulated in liposomes (Ru(bpy)32+@liposome). Based on the unique sterilization mechanism that AMPs can disrupt cell membranes, Ru(bpy)32+@liposome can be destroyed by nisin and release a large number of Ru(bpy)32+ probes. Vertically-ordered mesoporous silica-nanochannel film (VMSF) modified ITO electrodes (VMSF/ITO) prepared by electrochemically assisted self-assembly (EASA) method were applied as the sensing electrode. Due to the efficient enrichment of Ru(bpy)32+ by the negatively charged nanochannel arrays, VMSF/ITO enables detection of the EC/ECL signals of the released Ru(bpy)32+ probes with ultrahigh sensitivity. In consequence, sensitive dual-modality detection of nisin was achieved by the combination of Ru(bpy)32+@liposome and VMSF/ITO. The developed sensing system can realize sensitive determination of nisin in ECL mode in the concentration range of 10 ng/ml to 50 μg/ml with a limit of detection (LOD) of 9.3 ng/ml, or in EC mode from 800 ng/ml to 100 μg/ml with a LOD of 70 ng/ml. Combined with the excellent anti-fouling and anti-interference performance of VMSF, rapid and sensitive detection of nisin in milk or egg white was also achieved by the sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongliang Tang
- Affiliated Fangchenggang Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Fangchenggang, China
| | - Jiyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
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9
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Modulation of the 20S Proteasome Activity by Porphyrin Derivatives Is Steered through Their Charge Distribution. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060741. [PMID: 35740865 PMCID: PMC9220251 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic porphyrins exhibit an amazing variety of binding modes and inhibition mechanisms of 20S proteasome. Depending on the spatial distribution of their electrostatic charges, they can occupy different sites on α rings of 20S proteasome by exploiting the structural code responsible for the interaction with regulatory proteins. Indeed, they can act as competitive or allosteric inhibitors by binding at the substrate gate or at the grooves between the α subunits, respectively. Moreover, the substitution of a charged moiety in the peripheral arm with a hydrophobic moiety revealed a “new” 20S functional state with higher substrate affinity and catalytic efficiency. In the present study, we expand our structure–activity relationship (SAR) analysis in order to further explore the potential of this versatile class of 20S modulators. Therefore, we have extended the study to additional macrocyclic compounds, displaying different structural features, comparing their interaction behavior on the 20S proteasome with previously investigated compounds. In particular, in order to evaluate how the introduction of a peptidic chain can affect the affinity and the interacting mechanism of porphyrins, we investigate the MTPyApi, a porphyrin derivatized with an Arg–Pro-rich antimicrobial peptide. Moreover, to unveil the role played by the porphyrin core, this was replaced with a corrole scaffold, a “contracted” version of the tetrapyrrolic ring due to the lack of a methine bridge. The analysis has been undertaken by means of integrated kinetic, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, and computational studies. Finally, in order to assess a potential pharmacological significance of this type of investigation, a preliminary attempt has been performed to evaluate the biological effect of these molecules on MCF7 breast cancer cells in dark conditions, envisaging that porphyrins may indeed represent a powerful tool for the modulation of cellular proteostasis.
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10
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Nelson B, Hong SH, Lupoli TJ. Protein Cofactor Mimics Disrupt Essential Chaperone Function in Stressed Mycobacteria. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:901-910. [PMID: 35412813 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial DnaK is an ATP-dependent molecular chaperone important for maintaining cellular proteostasis in concert with cofactor proteins. The cofactor DnaJ delivers non-native client proteins to DnaK and activates its ATPase activity, which is required for protein folding. In the bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, DnaK is assisted by two DnaJs, DnaJ1 and DnaJ2. Functional protein-protein interactions (PPIs) between DnaK and at least one DnaJ are essential for survival of mycobacteria; hence, these PPIs represent untapped antibacterial targets. Here, we synthesize peptide-based mimetics of DnaJ1 and DnaJ2 N-terminal domains as rational inhibitors of DnaK-cofactor interactions. We find that covalently stabilized DnaJ mimetics are capable of disrupting DnaK-cofactor activity in vitro and prevent mycobacterial recovery from proteotoxic stress in vivo, leading to cell death. Since chaperones and cofactors are highly conserved, we anticipate these results will inform the design of other mimetics to modulate chaperone function across cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brock Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Seong Ho Hong
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Tania J. Lupoli
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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11
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Ludwig T, Krizsan A, Mohammed GK, Hoffmann R. Antimicrobial Activity and 70S Ribosome Binding of Apidaecin-Derived Api805 with Increased Bacterial Uptake Rate. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11040430. [PMID: 35453182 PMCID: PMC9025336 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In view of the global spread of multiresistant bacteria and the occurrence of panresistant bacteria, there is an urgent need for antimicrobials with novel modes of action. A promising class is antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), including them proline-rich AMPs (PrAMPs), which target the 70S ribosome to inhibit protein translation. Here, we present a new designer peptide, Api805, combining the N- and C-terminal sequences of PrAMPs Api137 and drosocin, respectively. Api805 was similarly active against two Escherichia coli B strains but was inactive against E. coli K12 strain BW25113. These different activities could not be explained by the dissociation constants measured for 70S ribosome preparations from E. coli K12 and B strains. Mutations in the SbmA transporter that PrAMPs use to pass the inner membrane or proteolytic degradation of Api805 by lysate proteases could not explain this either. Interestingly, Api805 seems not to bind to the known binding sites of PrAMPs at the 70S ribosome and inhibited in vitro protein translation, independent of release factors, most likely using a “multimodal effect”. Interestingly, Api805 entered the E. coli B strain Rosetta faster and at larger quantities than the E. coli K-12 strain BW25113, which may be related to the different LPS core structure. In conclusion, slight structural changes in PrAMPs significantly altered their binding sites and mechanisms of action, allowing for the design of different antibiotic classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Ludwig
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (T.L.); (A.K.); (G.K.M.)
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), Universität Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andor Krizsan
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (T.L.); (A.K.); (G.K.M.)
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), Universität Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gubran Khalil Mohammed
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (T.L.); (A.K.); (G.K.M.)
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), Universität Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (T.L.); (A.K.); (G.K.M.)
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), Universität Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence:
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12
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Brakel A, Krizsan A, Itzenga R, Kraus CN, Otvos L, Hoffmann R. Influence of Substitutions in the Binding Motif of Proline-Rich Antimicrobial Peptide ARV-1502 on 70S Ribosome Binding and Antimicrobial Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063150. [PMID: 35328571 PMCID: PMC8950706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Proline-rich antimicrobial peptides (PrAMPs) are promising candidates to treat bacterial infections. The designer peptide ARV-1502 exhibits strong antimicrobial effects against Enterobacteriaceae both in vitro and in vivo. Since the inhibitory effects of ARV-1502 reported for the 70 kDa heat-shock protein DnaK do not fully explain the antimicrobial activity of its 176 substituted analogs, we further studied their effect on the bacterial 70S ribosome of Escherichia coli, a known target of PrAMPs. ARV-1502 analogues, substituted in positions 3, 4, and 8 to 12 (underlined) of the binding motif D3KPRPYLPRP12 with aspartic acid, lysine, serine, phenylalanine or leucine, were tested in a competitive fluorescence polarization (FP) binding screening assay using 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein-labeled (Cf-) ARV-1502 and the 70S ribosome isolated from E. coli BW25113. While their effect on ribosomal protein expression was studied for green fluorescent protein (GFP) in a cell-free expression system (in vitro translation), the importance of known PrAMP transporters SbmA and MdtM was investigated using E. coli BW25113 and the corresponding knockout mutants. The dissociation constant (Kd) of 201 ± 16 nmol/L obtained for Cf-ARV-1502 suggests strong binding to the E. coli 70S ribosome. An inhibitory binding assay indicated that the binding site overlaps with those of other PrAMPs including Onc112 and pyrrhocoricin as well as the non-peptidic antibiotics erythromycin and chloramphenicol. All these drugs and drug candidates bind to the exit-tunnel of the 70S ribosome. Substitutions of the C-terminal fragment of the binding motif YLPRP reduced binding. At the same time, inhibition of GFP expression increased with net peptide charge. Interestingly, the MIC values of wild-type and ΔsbmA and ΔmdtM knockout mutants indicated that substitutions in the ribosomal binding motif altered also the bacterial uptake, which was generally improved by incorporation of hydrophobic residues. In conclusion, most substituted ARV-1502 analogs bound weaker to the 70S ribosome than ARV-1502 underlining the importance of the YLPRP binding motif. The weaker ribosomal binding correlated well with decreased antimicrobial activity in vitro. Substituted ARV-1502 analogs with a higher level of hydrophobicity or positive net charge improved the ribosome binding, inhibition of translation, and bacterial uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Brakel
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Universität Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany; (A.K.); (R.I.)
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (R.H.)
| | - Andor Krizsan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Universität Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany; (A.K.); (R.I.)
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Renke Itzenga
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Universität Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany; (A.K.); (R.I.)
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carl N. Kraus
- Aceragen Inc., Durham, NC 27709, USA; (C.N.K.); (L.O.J.)
| | - Laszlo Otvos
- Aceragen Inc., Durham, NC 27709, USA; (C.N.K.); (L.O.J.)
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Universität Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany; (A.K.); (R.I.)
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (R.H.)
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13
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Kolano L, Knappe D, Berg A, Berg T, Hoffmann R. Effect of amino acid substitutions on 70S ribosomal binding, cellular uptake, and antimicrobial activity of oncocin Onc112. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100609. [PMID: 34902208 PMCID: PMC9306569 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Proline‐rich antimicrobial peptides (PrAMPs) are promising candidates for the treatment of infections caused by high‐priority human pathogens. Their mode of action consists of (I) passive diffusion across the outer membrane, (II) active transport through the inner membrane, and (III) inhibition of protein biosynthesis by blocking the exit tunnel of the 70S ribosome. We tested whether in vitro data on ribosomal binding and bacterial uptake could predict the antibacterial activity of PrAMPs against Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria. Ribosomal binding and bacterial uptake rates were measured for 47 derivatives of PrAMP Onc112 and compared to the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of each peptide. Ribosomal binding was evaluated for ribosome extracts from four Gram‐negative bacteria. Bacterial uptake was assessed by quantifying each peptide in the supernatants of bacterial cultures. Oncocin analogues with a higher net positive charge appeared to be more active, although their ribosome binding and uptake rates were not necessarily better than for Onc112. The data suggest a complex mode of action influenced by further factors improving or reducing the antibacterial activity, including diffusion through membranes, transport mechanism, secondary targets, off‐target binding, intracellular distribution, and membrane effects. Relying only on in vitro binding and uptake data may not be sufficient for the rational development of more active analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kolano
- Universität Leipzig Fakultät für Chemie und Mineralogie: Universitat Leipzig Fakultat fur Chemie und Mineralogie, Chemie und Mineralogie, GERMANY
| | - Daniel Knappe
- Universität Leipzig Fakultät für Chemie und Mineralogie: Universitat Leipzig Fakultat fur Chemie und Mineralogie, Chemie und Mineralogie, GERMANY
| | - Angela Berg
- Universität Leipzig Fakultät für Chemie und Mineralogie: Universitat Leipzig Fakultat fur Chemie und Mineralogie, Chemie und Mineralogie, GERMANY
| | - Thorsten Berg
- Universität Leipzig Fakultät für Chemie und Mineralogie: Universitat Leipzig Fakultat fur Chemie und Mineralogie, Chemie und Mineralogie, GERMANY
| | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Institut für Bioanalytische Chemie, Biotechnologisch-Biomedizinisches Zentrum, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, GERMANY
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14
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Translocation of non-lytic antimicrobial peptides and bacteria penetrating peptides across the inner membrane of the bacterial envelope. Curr Genet 2021; 68:83-90. [PMID: 34750687 PMCID: PMC8801401 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-021-01217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The increase in multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria has become a problem worldwide. Currently there is a strong focus on the development of novel antimicrobials, including antimicrobial peptides (AMP) and antimicrobial antisense agents. While the majority of AMP have membrane activity and kill bacteria through membrane disruption, non-lytic AMP are non-membrane active, internalize and have intracellular targets. Antimicrobial antisense agents such as peptide nucleic acids (PNA) and phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMO), show great promise as novel antibacterial agents, killing bacteria by inhibiting translation of essential target gene transcripts. However, naked PNA and PMO are unable to translocate across the cell envelope of bacteria, to reach their target in the cytosol, and are conjugated to bacteria penetrating peptides (BPP) for cytosolic delivery. Here, we discuss how non-lytic AMP and BPP-PMO/PNA conjugates translocate across the cytoplasmic membrane via receptor-mediated transport, such as the cytoplasmic membrane transporters SbmA, MdtM/YjiL, and/or YgdD, or via a less well described autonomous process.
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15
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Xia Y, Cebrián R, Xu C, de Jong A, Wu W, Kuipers OP. Elucidating the mechanism by which synthetic helper peptides sensitize Pseudomonas aeruginosa to multiple antibiotics. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009909. [PMID: 34478485 PMCID: PMC8445441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence and rapid spread of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria pose a serious threat to the global healthcare. There is an urgent need for new antibacterial substances or new treatment strategies to deal with the infections by MDR bacterial pathogens, especially the Gram-negative pathogens. In this study, we show that a number of synthetic cationic peptides display strong synergistic antimicrobial effects with multiple antibiotics against the Gram-negative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We found that an all-D amino acid containing peptide called D-11 increases membrane permeability by attaching to LPS and membrane phospholipids, thereby facilitating the uptake of antibiotics. Subsequently, the peptide can dissipate the proton motive force (PMF) (reducing ATP production and inhibiting the activity of efflux pumps), impairs the respiration chain, promotes the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bacterial cells and induces intracellular antibiotics accumulation, ultimately resulting in cell death. By using a P. aeruginosa abscess infection model, we demonstrate enhanced therapeutic efficacies of the combination of D-11 with various antibiotics. In addition, we found that the combination of D-11 and azithromycin enhanced the inhibition of biofilm formation and the elimination of established biofilms. Our study provides a realistic treatment option for combining close-to-nature synthetic peptide adjuvants with existing antibiotics to combat infections caused by P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Xia
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rubén Cebrián
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Congjuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Anne de Jong
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Weihui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (WW); (OPK)
| | - Oscar P. Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- * E-mail: (WW); (OPK)
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16
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Li W, Separovic F, O'Brien-Simpson NM, Wade JD. Chemically modified and conjugated antimicrobial peptides against superbugs. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4932-4973. [PMID: 33710195 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01026j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the greatest threats to human health that, by 2050, will lead to more deaths from bacterial infections than cancer. New antimicrobial agents, both broad-spectrum and selective, that do not induce AMR are urgently required. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a novel class of alternatives that possess potent activity against a wide range of Gram-negative and positive bacteria with little or no capacity to induce AMR. This has stimulated substantial chemical development of novel peptide-based antibiotics possessing improved therapeutic index. This review summarises recent synthetic efforts and their impact on analogue design as well as their various applications in AMP development. It includes modifications that have been reported to enhance antimicrobial activity including lipidation, glycosylation and multimerization through to the broad application of novel bio-orthogonal chemistry, as well as perspectives on the direction of future research. The subject area is primarily the development of next-generation antimicrobial agents through selective, rational chemical modification of AMPs. The review further serves as a guide toward the most promising directions in this field to stimulate broad scientific attention, and will lead to new, effective and selective solutions for the several biomedical challenges to which antimicrobial peptidomimetics are being applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Li
- Melbourne Dental School, Centre for Oral Health Research, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia. and Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia and School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Neil M O'Brien-Simpson
- Melbourne Dental School, Centre for Oral Health Research, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia. and Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - John D Wade
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia and The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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17
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Mayer MP. The Hsp70-Chaperone Machines in Bacteria. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:694012. [PMID: 34164436 PMCID: PMC8215388 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.694012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP-dependent Hsp70s are evolutionary conserved molecular chaperones that constitute central hubs of the cellular protein quality surveillance network. None of the other main chaperone families (Tig, GroELS, HtpG, IbpA/B, ClpB) have been assigned with a comparable range of functions. Through a multitude of functions Hsp70s are involved in many cellular control circuits for maintaining protein homeostasis and have been recognized as key factors for cell survival. Three mechanistic properties of Hsp70s are the basis for their high versatility. First, Hsp70s bind to short degenerate sequence motifs within their client proteins. Second, Hsp70 chaperones switch in a nucleotide-controlled manner between a state of low affinity for client proteins and a state of high affinity for clients. Third, Hsp70s are targeted to their clients by a large number of cochaperones of the J-domain protein (JDP) family and the lifetime of the Hsp70-client complex is regulated by nucleotide exchange factors (NEF). In this review I will discuss advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanism of the Hsp70 chaperone machinery focusing mostly on the bacterial Hsp70 DnaK and will compare the two other prokaryotic Hsp70s HscA and HscC with DnaK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias P Mayer
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH-Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
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18
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Khodaparast L, Wu G, Khodaparast L, Schmidt BZ, Rousseau F, Schymkowitz J. Bacterial Protein Homeostasis Disruption as a Therapeutic Intervention. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:681855. [PMID: 34150852 PMCID: PMC8206779 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.681855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells have evolved a complex molecular network, collectively called the protein homeostasis (proteostasis) network, to produce and maintain proteins in the appropriate conformation, concentration and subcellular localization. Loss of proteostasis leads to a reduction in cell viability, which occurs to some degree during healthy ageing, but is also the root cause of a group of diverse human pathologies. The accumulation of proteins in aberrant conformations and their aggregation into specific beta-rich assemblies are particularly detrimental to cell viability and challenging to the protein homeostasis network. This is especially true for bacteria; it can be argued that the need to adapt to their changing environments and their high protein turnover rates render bacteria particularly vulnerable to the disruption of protein homeostasis in general, as well as protein misfolding and aggregation. Targeting bacterial proteostasis could therefore be an attractive strategy for the development of novel antibacterial therapeutics. This review highlights advances with an antibacterial strategy that is based on deliberately inducing aggregation of target proteins in bacterial cells aiming to induce a lethal collapse of protein homeostasis. The approach exploits the intrinsic aggregation propensity of regions residing in the hydrophobic core regions of the polypeptide sequence of proteins, which are genetically conserved because of their essential role in protein folding and stability. Moreover, the molecules were designed to target multiple proteins, to slow down the build-up of resistance. Although more research is required, results thus far allow the hope that this strategy may one day contribute to the arsenal to combat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Khodaparast
- Switch Laboratory, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guiqin Wu
- Switch Laboratory, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ladan Khodaparast
- Switch Laboratory, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Béla Z Schmidt
- Switch Laboratory, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frederic Rousseau
- Switch Laboratory, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joost Schymkowitz
- Switch Laboratory, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
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19
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Charting the sequence-activity landscape of peptide inhibitors of translation termination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2026465118. [PMID: 33674389 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2026465118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Apidaecin (Api), an unmodified 18-amino-acid-long proline-rich antibacterial peptide produced by bees, has been recently described as a specific inhibitor of translation termination. It invades the nascent peptide exit tunnel of the postrelease ribosome and traps the release factors preventing their recycling. Api binds in the exit tunnel in an extended conformation that matches the placement of a nascent polypeptide and establishes multiple contacts with ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and ribosomal proteins. Which of these interactions are critical for Api's activity is unknown. We addressed this problem by analyzing the activity of all possible single-amino-acid substitutions of the Api variants synthesized in the bacterial cell. By conditionally expressing the engineered api gene, we generated Api directly in the bacterial cytosol, thereby bypassing the need for importing the peptide from the medium. The endogenously expressed Api, as well as its N-terminally truncated mutants, retained the antibacterial properties and the mechanism of action of the native peptide. Taking advantage of the Api expression system and next-generation sequencing, we mapped in one experiment all the single-amino-acid substitutions that preserve or alleviate the on-target activity of the Api mutants. Analysis of the inactivating mutations made it possible to define the pharmacophore of Api involved in critical interactions with the ribosome, transfer RNA (tRNA), and release factors. We also identified the Api segment that tolerates a variety of amino acid substitutions; alterations in this segment could be used to improve the pharmacological properties of the antibacterial peptide.
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20
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Han H, Teng D, Mao R, Hao Y, Yang N, Wang Z, Li T, Wang X, Wang J. Marine Peptide-N6NH2 and Its Derivative-GUON6NH2 Have Potent Antimicrobial Activity Against Intracellular Edwardsiella tarda in vitro and in vivo. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:637427. [PMID: 33767681 PMCID: PMC7985170 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.637427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Edwardsiella tarda is a facultative intracellular pathogen in humans and animals. There is no effective way except vaccine candidates to eradicate intracellular E. tarda. In this study, four derivatives of marine peptide-N6NH2 were designed by an introduction of unnatural residues or substitution of natural ones, and their intracellular activities against E. tarda were evaluated in macrophages and in mice, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of N6NH2 and GUON6NH2 against E. tarda was 8 μg/mL. GUON6NH2 showed higher stability to trypsin, lower toxicity (<1%) and longer post-antibiotic effect (PAE) than N6NH2 and other derivatives. Antibacterial mechanism results showed that GUON6NH2 could bind to LPS and destroyed outer/inner cell membranes of E. tarda, superior to N6NH2 and norfloxacin. Both N6NH2 and GUON6NH2 were internalized into macrophages mainly via lipid rafts, micropinocytosis, and microtubule polymerization, respectively, and distributed in the cytoplasm. The intracellular inhibition rate of GUON6NH2 against E. tarda was 97.05–100%, higher than that in case of N6NH2 (96.82–100%). In the E. tarda-induced peritonitis mouse model, after treatment with of 1 μmol/kg N6NH2 and GUON6NH2, intracellular bacterial numbers were reduced by 1.54- and 1.97-Log10 CFU, respectively, higher than norfloxacin (0.35-Log10 CFU). These results suggest that GUON6NH2 may be an excellent candidate for novel antimicrobial agents to treat infectious diseases caused by intracellular E. tarda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Han
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Da Teng
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Ruoyu Mao
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Hao
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Na Yang
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenlong Wang
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Li
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Xiumin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China.,Chinese Herbal Medicine Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
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21
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Upert G, Luther A, Obrecht D, Ermert P. Emerging peptide antibiotics with therapeutic potential. MEDICINE IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2021; 9:100078. [PMID: 33398258 PMCID: PMC7773004 DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2020.100078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This review covers some of the recent progress in the field of peptide antibiotics with a focus on compounds with novel or established mode of action and with demonstrated efficacy in animal infection models. Novel drug discovery approaches, linear and macrocyclic peptide antibiotics, lipopeptides like the polymyxins as well as peptides addressing targets located in the plasma membrane or in the outer membrane of bacterial cells are discussed.
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Key Words
- ADMET, absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion – toxicity in pharmacokinetics
- AMP, antimicrobial peptide
- AMR, antimicrobial resistance
- ATCC, ATCC cell collection
- Antibiotic
- BAM, β-barrel assembly machinery
- CC50, cytotoxic concentration to kill 50% of cells
- CD, circular dichroism
- CFU, colony forming unit
- CLSI, clinical and laboratory standards institute
- CMS, colistin methane sulfonate
- DMPC, 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
- ESKAPE, acronym encompassing six bacterial pathogens (often carrying antibiotic resistance): Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp
- FDA, U. S. Food and Drug Administration
- HABP, hospital acquired bacterial pneumonia
- HDP, host-defense peptide
- HEK293, human embryonic kidney 293 cells
- HK-2, human kidney 2 cells (proximal tubular cell line)
- HepG2, human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line
- Hpg, 4-hydroxy-phenyl glycine
- ITC, isothermal titration calorimetry
- KPC, Klebsiella pneumoniae metallo-β-lactamase C resistant
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- LptA, lipopolysaccharide transport protein A
- LptC, lipopolysaccharide transport protein C
- LptD, lipopolysaccharide transport protein D
- MDR, multidrug-resistant
- MH-I, Müller-Hinton broth I
- MH-II, Müller-Hinton broth II (cation adjusted)
- MIC, minimal inhibitory concentration
- MRSA, methicilline-resistant S. aureus
- MSSA, methicilline-sensitive S. aureus
- MoA, mechanism (mode) of action
- NDM-1, New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase resistant
- NOAEL, no adverse effect level
- ODL, odilorhabdin
- OMPTA (outer membrane targeting antibiotic)
- OMPTA, outer membrane targeting antibiotic
- Omp, outer membrane protein
- PBMC, peripheral mononuclear blood cell
- PBP, penicillin-binding protein
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PK, pharmacokinetics
- POPC, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
- POPG, 2-oleoyl-1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1-glycerol)
- PrAMPs, polyproline antimicrobial peptides
- RBC, red blood cell
- SAR, structure-activity relationship
- SPR, surface plasmon resonance
- SPase I, signal peptidase I
- VABP, ventilator associated bacterial pneumonia
- VIM-1, beta-lactamase 2 (K. pneumoniae)
- VISA, vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus
- VRE, vancomycin-resistant enterococcus
- WHO, World Health Organization
- WT, wild type
- WTA, wall teichoic acid
- XDR, extremely drug-resistant
- antimicrobial peptide
- antimicrobial resistance
- bid, bis in die (two times a day)
- i.p., intraperitoneal
- i.v., intravenous
- lipopeptide
- mITT population, minimal intend-to-treat population
- peptide antibiotic
- s.c., subcutaneous
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Upert
- Polyphor Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 125, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Anatol Luther
- Bachem AG, Hauptstrasse 114, 4416 Bubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Obrecht
- Polyphor Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 125, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Ermert
- Polyphor Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 125, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
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22
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Li Q, Cebrián R, Montalbán-López M, Ren H, Wu W, Kuipers OP. Outer-membrane-acting peptides and lipid II-targeting antibiotics cooperatively kill Gram-negative pathogens. Commun Biol 2021; 4:31. [PMID: 33398076 PMCID: PMC7782785 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01511-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens is a growing global threat to public health. Novel compounds and/or therapeutic strategies are required to face the challenge posed, in particular, by Gram-negative bacteria. Here we assess the combined effect of potent cell-wall synthesis inhibitors with either natural or synthetic peptides that can act on the outer-membrane. Thus, several linear peptides, either alone or combined with vancomycin or nisin, were tested against selected Gram-negative pathogens, and the best one was improved by further engineering. Finally, peptide D-11 and vancomycin displayed a potent antimicrobial activity at low μM concentrations against a panel of relevant Gram-negative pathogens. This combination was highly active in biological fluids like blood, but was non-hemolytic and non-toxic against cell lines. We conclude that vancomycin and D-11 are safe at >50-fold their MICs. Based on the results obtained, and as a proof of concept for the newly observed synergy, a Pseudomonas aeruginosa mouse infection model experiment was also performed, showing a 4 log10 reduction of the pathogen after treatment with the combination. This approach offers a potent alternative strategy to fight (drug-resistant) Gram-negative pathogens in humans and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands ,grid.34418.3a0000 0001 0727 9022Present Address: State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 430062 Wuhan, China
| | - Rubén Cebrián
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Manuel Montalbán-López
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands ,grid.4489.10000000121678994Present Address: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Huan Ren
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 30071 Tianjin, China
| | - Weihui Wu
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 30071 Tianjin, China
| | - Oscar P. Kuipers
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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23
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Li T, Wang Z, Han H, Teng D, Mao R, Hao Y, Yang N, Wang X, Wang J. Dual Antibacterial Activities and Biofilm Eradication of a Marine Peptide-N6NH 2 and Its Analogs against Multidrug-Resistant Aeromonas veronii. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9637. [PMID: 33348848 PMCID: PMC7767178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas veronii is one of the main pathogens causing various diseases in humans and animals. It is currently difficult to eradicate drug-resistant A. veronii due to the biofilm formation by conventional antibiotic treatments. In this study, a marine peptide-N6NH2 and its analogs were generated by introducing Orn or replacing with D-amino acids, Val and Pro; their enzymic stability and antibacterial/antibiofilm ability against multi-drug resistant (MDR) A. veronii ACCC61732 were detected in vitro and in vivo, respectively. The results showed that DN6NH2 more rapidly killed A. veronii ACCC61732 and had higher stability in trypsin, simulated gastric/intestinal fluid, proteinase K, and mouse serum than the parent peptide-N6NH2. DN6NH2 and other analogs significantly improved the ability of N6NH2 to penetrate the outer membrane of A. veronii ACCC61732. DN6NH2, N6PNH2 and V112N6NH2 protected mice from catheter-associated biofilm infection with MDR A. veronii ACCC61732, superior to N6NH2 and CIP. DN6NH2 had more potent efficacy at a dose of 5 μmol/kg (100% survival) in a mouse peritonitis model than other analogs (50-66.67%) and CIP (83.33%), and it inhibited the bacterial translocation, downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines, upregulated the anti-inflammatory cytokine, and ameliorated multiple-organ injuries (including the liver, spleen, lung, and kidney). These data suggest that the analogs of N6NH2 may be a candidate for novel antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents against MDR A. veronii infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (T.L.); (Z.W.); (H.H.); (D.T.); (R.M.); (Y.H.); (N.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhenlong Wang
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (T.L.); (Z.W.); (H.H.); (D.T.); (R.M.); (Y.H.); (N.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huihui Han
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (T.L.); (Z.W.); (H.H.); (D.T.); (R.M.); (Y.H.); (N.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Da Teng
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (T.L.); (Z.W.); (H.H.); (D.T.); (R.M.); (Y.H.); (N.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ruoyu Mao
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (T.L.); (Z.W.); (H.H.); (D.T.); (R.M.); (Y.H.); (N.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ya Hao
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (T.L.); (Z.W.); (H.H.); (D.T.); (R.M.); (Y.H.); (N.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Na Yang
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (T.L.); (Z.W.); (H.H.); (D.T.); (R.M.); (Y.H.); (N.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiumin Wang
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (T.L.); (Z.W.); (H.H.); (D.T.); (R.M.); (Y.H.); (N.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
- Chinese Herbal Medicine Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (T.L.); (Z.W.); (H.H.); (D.T.); (R.M.); (Y.H.); (N.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
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24
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Kolano L, Knappe D, Volke D, Sträter N, Hoffmann R. Ribosomal Target-Binding Sites of Antimicrobial Peptides Api137 and Onc112 Are Conserved among Pathogens Indicating New Lead Structures To Develop Novel Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2628-2634. [PMID: 32293093 PMCID: PMC7540576 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Proline-rich antimicrobial peptides expressed in insects are primarily active against Enterobacteriaceae. Mechanistically, they target the bacterial (70S) ribosome after partially transporter-based cellular uptake, as revealed for Api137 and Onc112 on Escherichia coli. Following molecular modeling indicating that the Onc112 contact site is conserved among the ribosomes of high-priority pathogens, the ribosome binding of Api137 and Onc112 was studied. The dissociation constants (Kd ) of Onc112 were ∼75 nmol/L for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii, 36 nmol/L for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 102 nmol/L for Staphylococcus aureus, thus indicating a very promising lead structure for developing broad-spectrum antibiotics. Api137 bound weaker with Kd values ranging from 155 nmol/L to 13 μmol/L. For most bacteria, the antibacterial activities were lower than predicted from the Kd values, which was only partially explained by their ability to enter bacterial cells. Other factors limiting the activity expected from the ribosome binding might be off-target binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kolano
- Faculty of Chemistry and MineralogyInstitute of Bioanalytical ChemistryDeutscher Platz 504103LeipzigGermany
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ)Deutscher Platz 504103LeipzigGermany
| | - Daniel Knappe
- Faculty of Chemistry and MineralogyInstitute of Bioanalytical ChemistryDeutscher Platz 504103LeipzigGermany
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ)Deutscher Platz 504103LeipzigGermany
- EnBiotix GmbHLeipzigDeutscher Platz 5E04103LeipzigGermany
| | - Daniela Volke
- Faculty of Chemistry and MineralogyInstitute of Bioanalytical ChemistryDeutscher Platz 504103LeipzigGermany
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ)Deutscher Platz 504103LeipzigGermany
| | - Norbert Sträter
- Faculty of Chemistry and MineralogyInstitute of Bioanalytical ChemistryDeutscher Platz 504103LeipzigGermany
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ)Deutscher Platz 504103LeipzigGermany
| | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and MineralogyInstitute of Bioanalytical ChemistryDeutscher Platz 504103LeipzigGermany
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ)Deutscher Platz 504103LeipzigGermany
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25
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André C, Veillard F, Wolff P, Lobstein AM, Compain G, Monsarrat C, Reichhart JM, Noûs C, Burnouf DY, Guichard G, Wagner JE. Antibacterial activity of a dual peptide targeting the Escherichia coli sliding clamp and the ribosome. RSC Chem Biol 2020; 1:137-147. [PMID: 34458754 PMCID: PMC8341878 DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00060d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial processivity factor, or sliding clamp (SC), is a target of choice for new antibacterial drugs development. We have previously developed peptides that target Escherichia coli SC and block its interaction with DNA polymerases in vitro. Here, one such SC binding peptide was fused to a Proline-rich AntiMicrobial Peptide (PrAMP) to allow its internalization into E. coli cells. Co-immunoprecipitation assays with a N-terminally modified bifunctional peptide that still enters the bacteria but fails to interact with the bacterial ribosome, the major target of PrAMPs, demonstrate that it actually interacts with the bacterial SC. Moreover, when compared to SC non-binding controls, this peptide induces a ten-fold higher antibacterial activity against E. coli, showing that the observed antimicrobial activity is linked to SC binding. Finally, an unmodified bifunctional compound significantly increases the survival of Drosophila melanogaster flies challenged by an E. coli infection. Our study demonstrates the potential of PrAMPs to transport antibiotics into the bacterial cytoplasm and validates the development of drugs targeting the bacterial processivity factor of Gram-negative bacteria as a promising new class of antibiotics. Bifunctional peptides targeting both the translation and the replication machineries have been developed and shown to act as new antimicrobials.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe André
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie 2 rue Robert Escarpit F-33607 Pessac France
| | - Florian Veillard
- Insect Models of Innate Immunity, UPR 9022-CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Philippe Wolff
- CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR 9002, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Anne-Marie Lobstein
- CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR 9002, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Guillaume Compain
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie 2 rue Robert Escarpit F-33607 Pessac France
| | - Clément Monsarrat
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie 2 rue Robert Escarpit F-33607 Pessac France
| | - Jean-Marc Reichhart
- Insect Models of Innate Immunity, UPR 9022-CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Camille Noûs
- Laboratoire Cogitamus 1 3/4 rue Descartes 75005 Paris France
| | - Dominique Y Burnouf
- CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR 9002, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Gilles Guichard
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie 2 rue Robert Escarpit F-33607 Pessac France
| | - Jérôme E Wagner
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR 7242, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg 67400 Illkirch France
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26
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Dalphin MD, Stangl AJ, Liu Y, Cavagnero S. KLR-70: A Novel Cationic Inhibitor of the Bacterial Hsp70 Chaperone. Biochemistry 2020; 59:1946-1960. [PMID: 32326704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The heat-shock factor Hsp70 and other molecular chaperones play a central role in nascent protein folding. Elucidating the task performed by individual chaperones within the complex cellular milieu, however, has been challenging. One strategy for addressing this goal has been to monitor protein biogenesis in the absence and presence of inhibitors of a specific chaperone, followed by analysis of folding outcomes under both conditions. In this way, the role of the chaperone of interest can be discerned. However, development of chaperone inhibitors, including well-known proline-rich antimicrobial peptides, has been fraught with undesirable side effects, including decreased protein expression yields. Here, we introduce KLR-70, a rationally designed cationic inhibitor of the Escherichia coli Hsp70 chaperone (also known as DnaK). KLR-70 is a 14-amino acid peptide bearing naturally occurring residues and engineered to interact with the DnaK substrate-binding domain. The interaction of KLR-70 with DnaK is enantioselective and is characterized by high affinity in a buffered solution. Importantly, KLR-70 does not significantly interact with the DnaJ and GroEL/ES chaperones, and it does not alter nascent protein biosynthesis yields across a wide concentration range. Some attenuation of the anti-DnaK activity of KLR-70, however, has been observed in the complex E. coli cell-free environment. Interestingly, the d enantiomer D-KLR-70, unlike its all-L KLR-70 counterpart, does not bind the DnaK and DnaJ chaperones, yet it strongly inhibits translation. This outcome suggests that the two enantiomers (KLR-70 and D-KLR-70) may serve as orthogonal inhibitors of chaperone binding and translation. In summary, KLR-70 is a novel chaperone inhibitor with high affinity and selectivity for bacterial Hsp70 and with considerable potential to help in parsing out the role of Hsp70 in nascent protein folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Dalphin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Andrew J Stangl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Silvia Cavagnero
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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27
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Cytryńska M, Rahnamaeian M, Zdybicka-Barabas A, Dobslaff K, Züchner T, Sacheau G, Innis CA, Vilcinskas A. Proline-Rich Antimicrobial Peptides in Medicinal Maggots of Lucilia sericata Interact With Bacterial DnaK But Do Not Inhibit Protein Synthesis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:532. [PMID: 32390853 PMCID: PMC7194015 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the search for new antibiotics to combat multidrug-resistant microbes, insects offer a rich source of novel anti-infectives, including a remarkably diverse array of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with broad activity against a wide range of species. Larvae of the common green bottle fly Lucilia sericata are used for maggot debridement therapy, and their effectiveness in part reflects the large panel of AMPs they secrete into the wound. To investigate the activity of these peptides in more detail, we selected two structurally different proline rich peptides (Lser-PRP2 and Lser-PRP3) in addition to the α-helical peptide Lser-stomoxyn. We investigated the mechanism of anti-Escherichia coli action of the PRPs in vitro and found that neither of them interfered with protein synthesis but both were able to bind the bacterial chaperone DnaK and are therefore likely to inhibit protein folding. However, unlike Lser-stomoxyn that permeabilized the bacterial membrane by 1% at the low concentration (0.25 µM) neither of the PRPs alone was able to permeabilize E. coli membrane. In the presence of this Lser-stomoxyn concentration significant increase in anti-E. coli activity of Lser-PRP2 was observed, indicating that this peptide needs specific membrane permeabilizing agents to exert its antibacterial activity. We then examined the AMPs-treated bacterial surface and observed detrimental structural changes in the bacterial cell envelope in response to combined AMPs. The functional analysis of insect AMPs will help select optimal combinations for targeted antimicrobial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Cytryńska
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Mohammad Rahnamaeian
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Giessen, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Zdybicka-Barabas
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Kristin Dobslaff
- Institute of Bioanalyticappll Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy and Center of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thole Züchner
- Department of Bioanalytics and Laboratory automation, Faculty of Life Sciences, Albstadt-Sigmaringen University, Sigmaringen, Germany
| | - Guénaël Sacheau
- ARNA Laboratory, Inserm U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - C Axel Innis
- ARNA Laboratory, Inserm U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Andreas Vilcinskas
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Giessen, Germany.,Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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28
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Chen X, Liu Y, Wang C, Hu X, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Bian C, You X, Hu L. Synthesis and in vitro activity of asymmetric indole-based bisamidine compounds against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:126887. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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29
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Han X, Kou Z, Jiang F, Sun X, Shang D. Interactions of Designed Trp-Containing Antimicrobial Peptides with DNA of Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 40:414-424. [PMID: 32023094 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.4874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the intracellular mechanisms of seven Trp-containing peptides in clinically isolated multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MRPA0108). The results showed that the Trp-containing peptides had high antibacterial activity against the MRPA0108 strain, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 6.25 to 25 μM. The peptides rapidly and completely killed the MRPA0108 at a concentration of 16 × MIC at 60-90 min. The Trp-containing peptides were found to penetrate the bacterial cell membrane and accumulate in the cells. A DNA gel retardation assay indicated that the peptides were able to bind with the genomic DNA of MRPA0108 cells; L5W exhibited a stronger DNA binding ability than that of the other peptides, and the ratio of peptide to DNA was 0.62/1. Next, the UV absorption spectrum of the DNA indicated that L5W interacted with the MRPA0108 genomic DNA and intercalated into the groove of the DNA molecule, resulting in loosening of the double-helical structure of the originally contracted DNA and leading to the occurrence of a hyperchromic effect. The circular dichroism spectrum suggested that I1W and L5W associated with the DNA via a trench combination mode resulting from the compact structure of the DNA double helix and reduction in ππ accumulation between base pairs. Furthermore, real-time quantitative PCR demonstrated that the Trp-containing peptides could downregulate the expression of DNA replication-initiating genes in MRPA0108 cells. MRPA0108 DNA may be a potential active target for the antimicrobial activity of Trp-containing peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhiru Kou
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Fengquan Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaomi Sun
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Dejing Shang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
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30
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Brakel A, Volke D, Kraus CN, Otvos L, Hoffmann R. Quantitation of a Novel Engineered Anti-infective Host Defense Peptide, ARV-1502: Pharmacokinetic Study of Different Doses in Rats and Dogs. Front Chem 2019; 7:753. [PMID: 31799234 PMCID: PMC6863955 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The designer proline-rich antimicrobial peptide (PrAMP) Chex1-Arg20 amide (ARV-1502) is active against Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens in different murine infection models when administered parenterally and possesses a wide therapeutic index. Here we studied the pharmacokinetics of ARV-1502 for the first time when administered intramuscularly or intravenously (IV) in Sprague Dawley rats and Beagle dogs. First, a specific and robust quantitation method relying on parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) using a high-resolution hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer coupled on-line to reversed-phase uHPLC was established and validated. The limit of detection was 2 ng/mL and the limit of quantitation was 4 ng/mL when spiked to pooled rat and dog plasma. When ARV-1502 was administered IV at doses of 75 and 250 μg/kg in dogs and rats, the plasma concentrations were 0.7 and 3.4 μg/mL 2 min post-administration, respectively. ARV-1502 plasma concentrations declined exponentially reaching levels between 2 and 4 ng/mL after 2 h. Intramuscular administration of 0.75 mg/kg in dogs and 2.5 mg/kg in rats resulted in a different pharmacokinetics profile. The plasma concentrations peaked at 15 min post-injection at 1 μg/mL (dogs) and 12 μg/mL (rats) and decreased exponentially within 3 h to 4 and 16 ng/mL, respectively. The initial plasma concentrations of ARV-1502 and the decay timing afterwards indicated that the peptide circulated in the blood stream for several hours, at some point above the minimal inhibitory concentration against multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, with blood concentrations sufficient to suppress bacterial growth and to modulate the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Brakel
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniela Volke
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Laszlo Otvos
- Arrevus, Inc., Raleigh, NC, United States.,Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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31
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Non-Lytic Antibacterial Peptides That Translocate Through Bacterial Membranes to Act on Intracellular Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194877. [PMID: 31581426 PMCID: PMC6801614 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of multidrug resistance among pathogenic bacteria has attracted great attention worldwide. As a response to this growing challenge, diverse studies have focused on the development of novel anti-infective therapies, including antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The biological properties of this class of antimicrobials have been thoroughly investigated, and membranolytic activities are the most reported mechanisms by which AMPs kill bacteria. Nevertheless, an increasing number of works have pointed to a different direction, in which AMPs are seen to be capable of displaying non-lytic modes of action by internalizing bacterial cells. In this context, this review focused on the description of the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of non-lytic AMPs, including indolicidin, buforin II PR-39, bactenecins, apidaecin, and drosocin, also shedding light on how AMPs interact with and further translocate through bacterial membranes to act on intracellular targets, including DNA, RNA, cell wall and protein synthesis.
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32
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Holfeld L, Knappe D, Hoffmann R. Proline-rich antimicrobial peptides show a long-lasting post-antibiotic effect on Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 73:933-941. [PMID: 29309652 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Proline-rich antimicrobial peptides (PrAMPs) represent a promising class of potential therapeutics to treat multiresistant infections. They inhibit bacterial protein translation at the 70S ribosome by either blocking the peptide-exit tunnel (oncocin type) or trapping release factors (apidaecin type). Objectives Besides direct concentration-dependent antibacterial effects, the post-antibiotic effect (PAE) is the second most important criterion of antimicrobial pharmacodynamics to be determined in vitro. Here, PAEs of 10 PrAMPs and three antibiotics against three Escherichia coli strains, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 10031 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 were studied after 1 h of exposure. Methods A robust high-throughput screening to determine PAEs was established, i.e. liquid handling by a 96-channel pipetting system and continuous incubation and absorbance measurement in a microplate reader. Results Prolonged PAEs (≥4 h) were detected for all peptides at their MIC values against all strains; PAEs were even >10 h for Api88, Api137, Bac7(1-60) and A3-APO. The PAEs increased further at 4 × MIC. Aminoglycosides gentamicin and kanamycin usually showed lower PAEs (≤4 h) at MIC, but PAEs increased to > 10 h at 4 × MIC. Bacteriostatic chloramphenicol exhibited the shortest PAEs (<4 h). Conclusions The PAEs of PrAMPs studied against Enterobacteriaceae and P. aeruginosa for the first time were typically 4-fold stronger than for conventional antibiotics. Together with their fast and irreversible uptake by bacteria, the observed prolonged PAE of PrAMPs helps to explain their high in vivo efficacy despite unfavourable pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luzia Holfeld
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, Leipzig, Germany.,Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Knappe
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, Leipzig, Germany.,Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, Leipzig, Germany.,Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, Leipzig, Germany
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33
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Camó C, Bonaterra A, Badosa E, Baró A, Montesinos L, Montesinos E, Planas M, Feliu L. Antimicrobial peptide KSL-W and analogues: Promising agents to control plant diseases. Peptides 2019; 112:85-95. [PMID: 30508634 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent strong restrictions on the use of pesticides has prompted the search for safer alternatives, being antimicrobial peptides promising candidates. Herein, with the aim of identifying new agents, 15 peptides reported as plant defense elicitors, promiscuous, multifunctional or antimicrobial were selected and tested against six plant pathogenic bacteria of economic importance. Within this set, KSL-W (KKVVFWVKFK-NH2) displayed high antibacterial activity against all the tested pathogens, low hemolysis and low phytotoxicity in tobacco leaves. This peptide was taken as a lead and 49 analogues were designed and synthesized, including N-terminal deletion sequences, peptides incorporating a d-amino acid and lipopeptides. The screening of these sequences revealed that a nine amino acid length was the minimum for activity. The presence of a d-amino acid significantly decreased the hemolysis and endowed KSL-W with the capacity to induce the expression of defense-related genes in tomato plants. The incorporation of an acyl chain led to sequences with high activity against Xanthomonas strains, low hemolysis and phytotoxicity. Therefore, this study demonstrates that KSL-W constitutes an excellent candidate as new agent to control plant diseases and can be considered as a lead to develop derivatives with multifunctional properties, including antimicrobial and plant defense elicitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Camó
- LIPPSO, Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona, Spain
| | - Anna Bonaterra
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology-CIDSAV-XaRTA, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona, Spain
| | - Esther Badosa
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology-CIDSAV-XaRTA, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona, Spain
| | - Aina Baró
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology-CIDSAV-XaRTA, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona, Spain
| | - Laura Montesinos
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology-CIDSAV-XaRTA, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona, Spain
| | - Emilio Montesinos
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology-CIDSAV-XaRTA, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona, Spain
| | - Marta Planas
- LIPPSO, Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona, Spain.
| | - Lidia Feliu
- LIPPSO, Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona, Spain.
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34
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Mardirossian M, Sola R, Degasperi M, Scocchi M. Search for Shorter Portions of the Proline‐Rich Antimicrobial Peptide Fragment Bac5(1–25) That Retain Antimicrobial Activity by Blocking Protein Synthesis. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:343-348. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Mardirossian
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Trieste Via Licio Giorgieri 5 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Riccardo Sola
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Trieste Via Licio Giorgieri 5 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Margherita Degasperi
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Trieste Via Licio Giorgieri 5 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Marco Scocchi
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Trieste Via Licio Giorgieri 5 34127 Trieste Italy
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35
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Phospholipid composition of the outer membrane of Escherichia coli influences its susceptibility against antimicrobial peptide apidaecin 1b. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 90:316-323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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36
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Lam PL, Lee KKH, Wong RSM, Cheng GYM, Bian ZX, Chui CH, Gambari R. Recent advances on topical antimicrobials for skin and soft tissue infections and their safety concerns. Crit Rev Microbiol 2018; 44:40-78. [PMID: 28423970 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2017.1313811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance of disease-related microorganisms is considered a worldwide prevalent and serious issue which increases the failure of treatment outcomes and leads to high mortality. Considering that the increased resistance to systemic antimicrobial therapy often needs of the use of more toxic agents, topical antimicrobial therapy emerges as an attractive route for the treatment of infectious diseases. The topical antimicrobial therapy is based on the absorption of high drug doses in a readily accessible skin surface, resulting in a reduction of microbial proliferation at infected skin sites. Topical antimicrobials retain the following features: (a) they are able to escape the enzymatic degradation and rapid clearance in the gastrointestinal tract or the first-pass metabolism during oral administration; (b) alleviate the physical discomfort related to intravenous injection; (c) reduce possible adverse effects and drug interactions of systemic administrations; (d) increase patient compliance and convenience; and (e) reduce the treatment costs. Novel antimicrobials for topical application have been widely exploited to control the emergence of drug-resistant microorganisms. This review provides a description of antimicrobial resistance, common microorganisms causing skin and soft tissue infections, topical delivery route of antimicrobials, safety concerns of topical antimicrobials, recent advances, challenges and future prospective in topical antimicrobial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Lam
- a Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong , P.R. China
| | - K K H Lee
- b Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , P.R. China
| | - R S M Wong
- b Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , P.R. China
| | - G Y M Cheng
- c Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Macau , Macau , P.R. China
| | - Z X Bian
- d Clinical Division, School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong , P.R. China
| | - C H Chui
- a Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong , P.R. China
- d Clinical Division, School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong , P.R. China
| | - R Gambari
- e Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Centre of Biotechnology , University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
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37
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Antibacterial and immunomodulatory activities of insect defensins-DLP2 and DLP4 against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12124. [PMID: 28935900 PMCID: PMC5608901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10839-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), are the most frequent cause of sepsis, which urgently demanding new drugs for treating infection. Two homologous insect CSαβ peptides-DLP2 and DLP4 from Hermetia illucens were firstly expressed in Pichia pastoris, with the yields of 873.5 and 801.3 mg/l, respectively. DLP2 and DLP4 displayed potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria especially MRSA and had greater potency, faster killing, and a longer postantibiotic effect than vancomycin. A 30-d serial passage of MRSA in the presence of DLP2/DLP4 failed to produce resistant mutants. Macromolecular synthesis showed that DLP2/DLP4 inhibited multi-macromolecular synthesis especially for RNA. Flow cytometry and electron microscopy results showed that the cell cycle was arrested at R-phase; the cytoplasmic membrane and cell wall were broken by DLP2/DLP4; mesosome-like structures were observed in MRSA. At the doses of 3‒7.5 mg/kg DLP2 or DLP4, the survival of mice challenged with MRSA were 80‒100%. DLP2 and DLP4 reduced the bacterial translocation burden over 95% in spleen and kidneys; reduced serum pro-inflammatory cytokines levels; promoted anti-inflammatory cytokines levels; and ameliorated lung and spleen injury. These data suggest that DLP2 and DLP4 may be excellent candidates for novel antimicrobial peptides against staphylococcal infections.
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38
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Correlating uptake and activity of proline-rich antimicrobial peptides in Escherichia coli. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:5581-5592. [PMID: 28717895 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0496-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing death tolls accounted for by antimicrobial drug resistance demand novel antibiotic lead compounds. Among different promising candidate classes, proline-rich antimicrobial peptides (PrAMPs) are very favorable due to their intracellular mechanism, i.e., binding to the 70S ribosome and DnaK, after active uptake relying on bacterial transporters like SbmA and MdtM. Studies on peptide internalization as the first step of their complex mode of action rely typically on fluorophore or radioactive labeling and quantification using microscopy, flow cytometry, or radioactivity. Here, a liquid chromatography based assay was applied to quantify the unlabeled internalized full-length peptides and their proteolytic degradation products (metabolites) using UV absorbance and mass spectrometry. Knockout mutants lacking transporter proteins showed reduced PrAMP uptakes, explaining their reduced susceptibility against PrAMPs. Interestingly, major metabolites produced by bacterial proteases still bound to the 70S ribosome provide evidence that degradation by cytosolic proteases as a possible resistance mechanism is not very efficient. Graphical abstract The uptake of unlabeled proline-rich antimicrobial peptides (PrAMPs) is analyzed in Escherichia coli BW25113 wild-type and transporter knockout mutants ΔsbmA and BS2 (ΔsbmA yjiL::Tn10) by reversed-phase chromatography and quantified by UV detection or mass spectrometry with multi-reaction monitoring (scheme right). Internalized peptide amounts correlated to minimal inhibitory concentrations and bacterial transport activities based on the present transporter proteins (scheme left).
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39
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Differential stability of therapeutic peptides with different proteolytic cleavage sites in blood, plasma and serum. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178943. [PMID: 28575099 PMCID: PMC5456363 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteolytic degradation of peptide-based drugs is often considered as major weakness limiting systemic therapeutic applications. Therefore, huge efforts are typically devoted to stabilize sequences against proteases present in serum or plasma, obtained as supernatants after complete blood coagulation or centrifugation of blood supplemented with anticoagulants, respectively. Plasma and serum are reproducibly obtained from animals and humans allowing consistent for clinical analyses and research applications. However, the spectrum of active or activated proteases appears to vary depending on the activation of proteases and cofactors during coagulation (serum) or inhibition of such enzymes by anticoagulants (plasma), such as EDTA (metallo- and Ca2+-dependent proteases) and heparin (e.g. thrombin, factor Xa). Here, we studied the presumed effects on peptide degradation by taking blood via cardiac puncture of CD-1 mice using a syringe containing a peptide solution. Due to absence of coagulation activators (e.g. glass surfaces and damaged cells), visible blood clotting was prevented allowing to study peptide degradation for one hour. The remaining peptide was quantified and the degradation products were identified using mass spectrometry. When the degradation rates (half-life times) were compared to serum derived freshly from the same animal and commercial serum and plasma samples, peptides of three different families showed indeed considerably different stabilities. Generally, peptides were faster degraded in serum than in plasma, but surprisingly all peptides were more stable in fresh blood and the order of degradation rates among the peptides varied among the six different incubation experiments. This indicates, that proteolytic degradation of peptide-based therapeutics may often be misleading stimulating efforts to stabilize peptides at degradation sites relevant only in vitro, i.e., for serum or plasma stability assays, but of lower importance in vivo.
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40
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López-Pérez PM, Grimsey E, Bourne L, Mikut R, Hilpert K. Screening and Optimizing Antimicrobial Peptides by Using SPOT-Synthesis. Front Chem 2017; 5:25. [PMID: 28447030 PMCID: PMC5388751 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2017.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide arrays on cellulose are a powerful tool to investigate peptide interactions with a number of different molecules, for examples antibodies, receptors or enzymes. Such peptide arrays can also be used to study interactions with whole cells. In this review, we focus on the interaction of small antimicrobial peptides with bacteria. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) can kill multidrug-resistant (MDR) human pathogenic bacteria and therefore could be next generation antibiotics targeting MDR bacteria. We describe the screen and the result of different optimization strategies of peptides cleaved from the membrane. In addition, screening of antibacterial activity of peptides that are tethered to the surface is discussed. Surface-active peptides can be used to protect surfaces from bacterial infections, for example implants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Grimsey
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's University of LondonLondon, UK
| | - Luc Bourne
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's University of LondonLondon, UK
| | - Ralf Mikut
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Applied Computer Science (IAI)Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Kai Hilpert
- TiKa Diagnostics LtdLondon, UK
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's University of LondonLondon, UK
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41
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Schmidt R, Knappe D, Wende E, Ostorházi E, Hoffmann R. In vivo Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics of Optimized Apidaecin Analogs. Front Chem 2017; 5:15. [PMID: 28373972 PMCID: PMC5357639 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2017.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proline-rich antimicrobial peptides (PrAMPs) represent promising alternative therapeutic options for the treatment of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. PrAMPs are predominantly active against Gram-negative bacteria by inhibiting protein expression via at least two different modes of action, i.e., blocking the ribosomal exit tunnel of 70S ribosomes (oncocin-type binding) or inhibiting the assembly of the 50S ribosomal subunit (apidaecin-type binding). The in vivo efficacy and favorable biodistribution of oncocins confirmed the therapeutic potential of short PrAMPs for the first time, whereas the in vivo evaluation of apidaecins is still limited despite the promising efficacy of apidaecin-analog Api88 in an intraperitoneal murine infection model. Here, the in vivo efficacy of apidaecin-analog Api137 was studied, which rescued all NMRI mice from a lethal intraperitoneal infection with E. coli ATCC 25922 when administered three times intraperitoneal at doses of 0.6 mg/kg starting 1 h after infection. When Api88 and Api137 were administered intravenous or intraperitoneal at doses of 5 and 20 mg/kg, their plasma levels were similarly low (<3 μg/mL) and four-fold lower than for oncocin-analog Onc72. This contradicted earlier expectation based on the very low serum stability of Api88 with a half-life time of only ~5 min compared to ~6 and ~3 h for Api137 and Onc72, respectively. Pharmacokinetic data relying on a sensitive mass spectrometry method utilizing multiple reaction monitoring and isotope-labeled peptides revealed that Api88 and Api137 were present in blood, urine, and kidney, and liver homogenates at similar levels accompanied by the same major metabolites comprising residues 1-16 and 1-17. The pretended discrepancy was solved, when all peptides were incubated in peritoneal lavage. Api137 was rapidly degraded at the C-terminus, while Api88 was rather stable despite releasing the same degradation products. Onc72 was very stable explaining its higher plasma levels compared to Api88 and Api137 after intraperitoneal administration illuminating its good in vivo efficacy. The data indicate that the degradation of therapeutic peptides should be studied in serum and further body fluids. Moreover, the high efficacy in murine infection models and the fast clearance of Api88 and Api137 within ~60 min after intravenous and ~90 min after intraperitoneal injections indicate that their in vivo efficacy relates to the maximal peptide concentration achieved in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rico Schmidt
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Universität LeipzigLeipzig, Germany; Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität LeipzigLeipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Knappe
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Universität LeipzigLeipzig, Germany; Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität LeipzigLeipzig, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Wende
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Universität LeipzigLeipzig, Germany; Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität LeipzigLeipzig, Germany
| | - Eszter Ostorházi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Universität LeipzigLeipzig, Germany; Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität LeipzigLeipzig, Germany
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42
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Montagner G, Bezzerri V, Cabrini G, Fabbri E, Borgatti M, Lampronti I, Finotti A, Nielsen PE, Gambari R. An antisense peptide nucleic acid against Pseudomonas aeruginosa inhibiting bacterial-induced inflammatory responses in the cystic fibrosis IB3-1 cellular model system. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 99:492-498. [PMID: 28167114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Discovery of novel antimicrobial agents against Pseudomonas aeruginosa able to inhibit bacterial growth as well as the resulting inflammatory response is a key goal in cystic fibrosis research. We report in this paper that a peptide nucleic acid (PNA3969) targeting the translation initiation region of the essential acpP gene of P. aeruginosa, and previously shown to inhibit bacterial growth, concomitantly also strongly inhibits induced up-regulation of the pro-inflammatory markers IL-8, IL-6, G-CSF, IFN-γ, IP-10, MCP-1 and TNF-α in IB3-1 cystic fibrosis cells infected by P. aeruginosa PAO1. Remarkably, no effect on PAO1 induction of VEGF, GM-CSF and IL-17 was observed. Analogous experiments using a two base mis-match control PNA did not show such inhibition. Furthermore, no significant effects of the PNAs were seen on cell growth, apoptosis or secretome profile in uninfected IB3-1 cells (with the exception of a PNA-mediated up-regulation of PDGF, IL-17 and GM-CSF). Thus, we conclude that in cell culture an antimicrobial PNA against P. aeruginosa can inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines otherwise induced by the infection. In particular, the effects of PNA-3969 on IL-8 gene expression are significant considering the key role of this protein in the cystic fibrosis inflammatory process exacerbated by P. aeruginosa infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valentino Bezzerri
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University Hospital of Verona, Italy
| | - Giulio Cabrini
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University Hospital of Verona, Italy
| | - Enrica Fabbri
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Monica Borgatti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Alessia Finotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Peter E Nielsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Ferrara, Italy.
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43
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Li W, Sun Z, O'Brien-Simpson NM, Otvos L, Reynolds EC, Hossain MA, Separovic F, Wade JD. The Effect of Selective D- or N α-Methyl Arginine Substitution on the Activity of the Proline-Rich Antimicrobial Peptide, Chex1-Arg20. Front Chem 2017; 5:1. [PMID: 28154813 PMCID: PMC5243837 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2017.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo pharmacokinetics studies have shown that the proline-rich antimicrobial peptide, A3-APO, which is a discontinuous dimer of the peptide, Chex1-Arg20, undergoes degradation to small fragments at positions Pro6-Arg7 and Val19-Arg20. With the aim of minimizing or abolishing this degradation, a series of Chex1-Arg20 analogs were prepared via Fmoc/tBu solid phase peptide synthesis with D-arginine or, in some cases, peptide backbone Nα-methylated arginine, substitution at these sites. All the peptides were tested for antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae. The resulting activity of position-7 substitution of Chex1-Arg20 analogs showed that arginine-7 is a crucial residue for maintaining activity against K. pneumoniae. However, arginine-20 substitution had a much less deleterious effect on the antibacterial activity of the peptide. Moreover, none of these peptides displayed any cytotoxicity to HEK and H-4-II-E mammalian cells. These results will aid the development of more effective and stable PrAMPs via judicious amino acid substitutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Li
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia; School of Chemistry, University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Zhe Sun
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia; Bio21 Institute, University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Neil M O'Brien-Simpson
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia; Bio21 Institute, University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Laszlo Otvos
- Department of Biology, Temple University Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eric C Reynolds
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia; Bio21 Institute, University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mohammed A Hossain
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia; School of Chemistry, University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- School of Chemistry, University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia; Bio21 Institute, University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - John D Wade
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia; School of Chemistry, University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
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44
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Li W, O'Brien-Simpson NM, Yao S, Tailhades J, Reynolds EC, Dawson RM, Otvos L, Hossain MA, Separovic F, Wade JD. C-Terminal Modification and Multimerization Increase the Efficacy of a Proline-Rich Antimicrobial Peptide. Chemistry 2016; 23:390-396. [PMID: 27862429 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Two series of branched tetramers of the proline-rich antimicrobial peptide (PrAMP), Chex1-Arg20, were prepared to improve antibacterial selectivity and potency against a panel of Gram-negative nosocomial pathogens including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. First, tetramerization was achieved by dithiomaleimide (DTM) conjugation of two C-terminal-cysteine bearing dimers that also incorporated C-terminal peptide chemical modification. DTM-linked tetrameric peptides containing a C-terminal hydrazide moiety on each dimer exhibited highly potent activities in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range of 0.49-2.33 μm. A second series of tetrameric analogues with C-terminal hydrazide modification was prepared by using alternative conjugation linkers including trans-1,4-dibromo-2-butene, α,α'-dibromo-p-xylene, or 6-bismaleimidohexane to determine the effect of length on activity. Each displayed potent and broadened activity against Gram-negative nosocomial pathogens, particularly the butene-linked tetrameric hydrazide. Remarkably, the greatest MIC activity is against P. aeruginosa (0.77 μm/8 μg mL-1 ) where the monomer is inactive. None of these peptides showed any cytotoxicity to mammalian cells up to 25 times the MIC. A diffusion NMR study of the tetrameric hydrazides showed that the more active antibacterial analogues were those with a more compact structure having smaller hydrodynamic radii. The results show that C-terminal PrAMP hydrazidation together with its rational tetramerization is an effective means for increasing both diversity and potency of PrAMP action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Li
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Neil M O'Brien-Simpson
- Oral Health CRC, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Shenggen Yao
- Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Julien Tailhades
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Eric C Reynolds
- Oral Health CRC, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Raymond M Dawson
- Land Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Fishermans Bend, VIC, 3207, Australia
| | - Laszlo Otvos
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Mohammed Akhter Hossain
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - John D Wade
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
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45
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Knappe D, Adermann K, Hoffmann R. Oncocin Onc72 is efficacious against antibiotic-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 43816 in a murine thigh infection model. Biopolymers 2016; 104:707-11. [PMID: 25968331 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Oncocins and apidaecins are short proline-rich antimicrobial peptides (PrAMPs) representing novel antibiotic drug lead compounds that kill bacteria after internalization and inhibition of intracellular targets (e.g. 70S ribosome and DnaK). Oncocin Onc72 is highly active against Gram-negative bacteria in vitro and in vivo protecting mice in systemic infection models with Escherichia coli and KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. Here we studied its efficacy in a murine thigh infection model using meropenem as antibiotic comparator that had a 44-fold higher molar in vitro activity than Onc72. Male CD1 mice were rendered neutropenic using cyclophosphamide for four days before intramuscular infection with K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816. After 75 min oncocin Onc72 or the antibiotic comparator meropenem were administered subcutaneously with 100 mg (43 µmol) and 25 mg (65 µmol) per kg of body weight, respectively, six times every 75 min. Onc72 and meropenem administered subcutaneously reduced the thigh tissue burden of K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 in neutropenic mice significantly by 4.14 and 4.65 a log10 cfu/g, respectively. The bacterial counts were ∼0.5 and ∼1 log10 below the pre-treatment burden, respectively, indicating bactericidal effects for both compounds. Thus, Onc72 was as efficacious as meropenem in vivo despite its much lower in vitro activity determined according to CLSI standard antimicrobial activity tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Knappe
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,AMP-Therapeutics GmbH, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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46
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Schneider VAF, Coorens M, Ordonez SR, Tjeerdsma-van Bokhoven JLM, Posthuma G, van Dijk A, Haagsman HP, Veldhuizen EJA. Imaging the antimicrobial mechanism(s) of cathelicidin-2. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32948. [PMID: 27624595 PMCID: PMC5021996 DOI: 10.1038/srep32948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Host defence peptides (HDPs) have the potential to become alternatives to conventional antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine. The HDP chicken cathelicidin-2 (CATH-2) has immunomodulatory and direct killing activities at micromolar concentrations. In this study the mechanism of action of CATH-2 against Escherichia coli (E. coli) was investigated in great detail using a unique combination of imaging and biophysical techniques. Live-imaging with confocal fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that FITC-labelled CATH-2 mainly localized at the membrane of E. coli. Upon binding, the bacterial membrane was readily permeabilized as was shown by propidium iodide influx into the cell. Concentration- and time-dependent effects of the peptide on E. coli cells were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). CATH-2 treatment was found to induce dose-dependent morphological changes in E. coli. At sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations (sub-MIC), intracellular granulation, enhanced vesicle release and wrinkled membranes were observed, while membrane breakage and cell lysis occurred at MIC values. These effects were visible within 1–5 minute of peptide exposure. Immuno-gold TEM showed CATH-2 binding to bacterial membranes. At sub-MIC values the peptide rapidly localized intracellularly without visible membrane permeabilization. It is concluded that CATH-2 has detrimental effects on E. coli at concentrations that do not immediately kill the bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria A F Schneider
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Coorens
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Soledad R Ordonez
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna L M Tjeerdsma-van Bokhoven
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - George Posthuma
- Department of Cell Biology, Cell Microscopy Core, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van Dijk
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henk P Haagsman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin J A Veldhuizen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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47
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Goldbach T, Knappe D, Reinsdorf C, Berg T, Hoffmann R. Ribosomal binding and antibacterial activity of ethylene glycol-bridged apidaecin Api137 and oncocin Onc112 conjugates. J Pept Sci 2016; 22:592-9. [PMID: 27406684 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent surveillance data on antimicrobial resistance predict the beginning of the post-antibiotic era with pan-resistant bacteria even overcoming polymyxin as the last available treatment option. Thus, new substances using novel modes of antimicrobial action are urgently needed to reduce this health threat. Antimicrobial peptides are part of the innate immune system of most vertebrates and invertebrates and accepted as valid substances for antibiotic drug development efforts. Especially, short proline-rich antimicrobial peptides (PrAMP) of insect origin have been optimized for activity against Gram-negative strains. They inhibit protein expression in bacteria by blocking the 70S ribosome exit tunnel (oncocin-type) or the assembly of the 50S subunit (apidaecin-type binding). Thus, apidaecin analog Api137 and oncocin analog Onc112 supposedly bind to different nearby or possibly partially overlapping binding sites. Here, we synthesized Api137/Onc112-conjugates bridged by ethylene glycol spacers of different length to probe synergistic activities and binding modes. Indeed, the antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa improved for some constructs, although the conjugates did not bind better to the 70S ribosome of E. coli than Api137 and Onc112 using 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein-labelled Api137 and Onc112 in a competitive fluorescence polarization assay. In conclusion, Api137/Onc112-conjugates showed increased antimicrobial activities against P. aeruginosa and PrAMP-susceptible and -resistant E. coli most likely because of improved membrane interactions, whereas the interaction to the 70S ribosome was most likely not improved relying still on the independent apidaecin- and oncocin-type binding modes. Copyright © 2016 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Goldbach
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Knappe
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Reinsdorf
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Berg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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48
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Schmidt R, Krizsan A, Volke D, Knappe D, Hoffmann R. Identification of New Resistance Mechanisms in Escherichia coli against Apidaecin 1b Using Quantitative Gel- and LC–MS-Based Proteomics. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:2607-17. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rico Schmidt
- Institute
of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Center
for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andor Krizsan
- Institute
of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Center
for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniela Volke
- Institute
of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Center
for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Knappe
- Institute
of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Center
for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Institute
of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Center
for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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49
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Insect-derived short proline-rich and murine cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptides act synergistically on Gram-negative bacteria in vitro. Future Med Chem 2016; 8:1035-45. [PMID: 27285299 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Organisms express a set of antimicrobial peptides (AMP) to protect the host against invading microbes by targeting their membranes or intracellular structures. Structurally optimized proline-rich AMPs (PrAMPs) are substantially more efficient in murine infection models than previously assumed from in vitro activities. Thus, we hypothesized that PrAMPs act synergistically with lytic AMPs intrinsically produced in hosts in response to an infection. METHODS & RESULTS Synergistic effects between lytic murine cathelicidin-related AMP (CRAMP) and apidaecin- and oncocin-derivatives were studied in chequerboard assays. Evaluation of fractional inhibitory concentration indices revealed synergies against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. CONCLUSION CRAMP synergistically enhances the activity of proline-rich AMPs, which will allow evaluating their therapeutic potential more precisely in vitro.
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50
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Rahnamaeian M, Cytryńska M, Zdybicka-Barabas A, Dobslaff K, Wiesner J, Twyman RM, Zuchner T, Sadd BM, Regoes RR, Schmid-Hempel P, Vilcinskas A. Insect antimicrobial peptides show potentiating functional interactions against Gram-negative bacteria. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:20150293. [PMID: 25833860 PMCID: PMC4426631 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and proteins are important components of innate
immunity against pathogens in insects. The production of AMPs is costly owing to
resource-based trade-offs, and strategies maximizing the efficacy of AMPs at low
concentrations are therefore likely to be advantageous. Here, we show the
potentiating functional interaction of co-occurring insect AMPs (the bumblebee
linear peptides hymenoptaecin and abaecin) resulting in more potent
antimicrobial effects at low concentrations. Abaecin displayed no detectable
activity against Escherichia coli when tested alone at
concentrations of up to 200 μM, whereas hymenoptaecin affected bacterial
cell growth and viability but only at concentrations greater than 2 μM.
In combination, as little as 1.25 μM abaecin enhanced the bactericidal
effects of hymenoptaecin. To understand these potentiating functional
interactions, we investigated their mechanisms of action using atomic force
microscopy and fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based quenching assays.
Abaecin was found to reduce the minimal inhibitory concentration of
hymenoptaecin and to interact with the bacterial chaperone DnaK (an
evolutionarily conserved central organizer of the bacterial chaperone network)
when the membrane was compromised by hymenoptaecin. These naturally occurring
potentiating interactions suggest that combinations of AMPs could be used
therapeutically against Gram-negative bacterial pathogens that have acquired
resistance to common antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rahnamaeian
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Winchester Strasse 2, Giessen 35394, Germany
| | - Małgorzata Cytryńska
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka Street 19, Lublin 20-033, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zdybicka-Barabas
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka Street 19, Lublin 20-033, Poland
| | - Kristin Dobslaff
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy and Center of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Jochen Wiesner
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Winchester Strasse 2, Giessen 35394, Germany
| | - Richard M Twyman
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Winchester Strasse 2, Giessen 35394, Germany TRM Ltd, PO Box 93, York YO43 3WE, UK
| | - Thole Zuchner
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy and Center of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Ben M Sadd
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Campus Box 4120, Normal, IL 61790, USA
| | - Roland R Regoes
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH-Zentrum CHN, Universitätsstrasse 16, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Paul Schmid-Hempel
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH-Zentrum CHN, Universitätsstrasse 16, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Vilcinskas
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Winchester Strasse 2, Giessen 35394, Germany Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, Giessen 35392, Germany
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