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Canet G, Rocaboy E, Laliberté F, Boscher E, Guisle I, Diego-Diaz S, Fereydouni-Forouzandeh P, Whittington RA, Hébert SS, Pernet V, Planel E. Temperature-induced Artifacts in Tau Phosphorylation: Implications for Reliable Alzheimer's Disease Research. Exp Neurobiol 2023; 32:423-440. [PMID: 38196137 PMCID: PMC10789175 DOI: 10.5607/en23025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
In preclinical research on Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies, tau phosphorylation analysis is routinely employed in both cellular and animal models. However, recognizing the sensitivity of tau phosphorylation to various extrinsic factors, notably temperature, is vital for experimental accuracy. Hypothermia can trigger tau hyperphosphorylation, while hyperthermia leads to its dephosphorylation. Nevertheless, the rapidity of tau phosphorylation in response to unintentional temperature variations remains unknown. In cell cultures, the most significant temperature change occurs when the cells are removed from the incubator before harvesting, and in animal models, during anesthesia prior to euthanasia. In this study, we investigate the kinetics of tau phosphorylation in N2a and SH-SY5Y neuronal cell lines, as well as in mice exposed to anesthesia. We observed changes in tau phosphorylation within the few seconds upon transferring cell cultures from their 37°C incubator to room temperature conditions. However, cells placed directly on ice post-incubation exhibited negligible phosphorylation changes. In vivo, isoflurane anesthesia rapidly resulted in tau hyperphosphorylation within the few seconds needed to lose the pedal withdrawal reflex in mice. These findings emphasize the critical importance of preventing temperature variation in researches focused on tau. To ensure accurate results, we recommend avoiding anesthesia before euthanasia and promptly placing cells on ice after removal from the incubator. By controlling temperature fluctuations, the reliability and validity of tau phosphorylation studies can be significantly enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Canet
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
- Neurosciences Axis, Research Center of the CHU de Québec - Laval University, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Emma Rocaboy
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Francis Laliberté
- Neurosciences Axis, Research Center of the CHU de Québec - Laval University, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Emmanuelle Boscher
- Neurosciences Axis, Research Center of the CHU de Québec - Laval University, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Isabelle Guisle
- Neurosciences Axis, Research Center of the CHU de Québec - Laval University, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Sofia Diego-Diaz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | | | - Robert A. Whittington
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sébastien S. Hébert
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
- Neurosciences Axis, Research Center of the CHU de Québec - Laval University, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Vincent Pernet
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
- Department of Neurology, Bern University Hospital, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Planel
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
- Neurosciences Axis, Research Center of the CHU de Québec - Laval University, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
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2
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Svirsky SE, Li Y, Henchir J, Rodina A, Carlson SW, Chiosis G, Dixon CE. Experimental traumatic brain injury increases epichaperome formation. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 188:106331. [PMID: 37863370 PMCID: PMC10698712 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Under normal conditions, heat shock proteins work in unison through dynamic protein interactions collectively referred to as the "chaperome." Recent work revealed that during cellular stress, the functional interactions of the chaperome are modified to form the "epichaperome," which results in improper protein folding, degradation, aggregation, and transport. This study is the first to investigate this novel mechanism of protein dishomeostasis in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Male and female adult, Sprague-Dawley rats received a lateral controlled cortical impact (CCI) and the ipsilateral hippocampus was collected 24 h 1, 2, and 4 weeks after injury. The epichaperome complex was visualized by measuring HSP90, HSC70 and HOP expression in native-PAGE and normalized to monomeric protein expression. A two-way ANOVA examined the effect of injury and sex at each time-point. Native HSP90, HSC70 and HOP protein expression showed a significant effect of injury effect across all time-points. Additionally, HSC70 and HOP showed significant sex effects at 24 h and 4 weeks. Altogether, controlled cortical impact significantly increased formation of the epichaperome across all proteins measured. Further investigation of this pathological mechanism can lead to a greater understanding of the link between TBI and increased risk of neurodegenerative disease and targeting the epichaperome for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Svirsky
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Youming Li
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Jeremy Henchir
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Anna Rodina
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Shaun W Carlson
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - C Edward Dixon
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; V.A. Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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3
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Nadel CM, Wucherer K, Oehler A, Thwin AC, Basu K, Callahan MD, Southworth DR, Mordes DA, Craik CS, Gestwicki JE. Phosphorylation of a Cleaved Tau Proteoform at a Single Residue Inhibits Binding to the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase, CHIP. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.16.553575. [PMID: 37645969 PMCID: PMC10462110 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.16.553575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT/tau) accumulates in a family of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In disease, tau is aberrantly modified by post-translational modifications (PTMs), including hyper-phosphorylation. However, it is often unclear which of these PTMs contribute to tau's accumulation or what mechanisms might be involved. To explore these questions, we focused on a cleaved proteoform of tau (tauC3), which selectively accumulates in AD and was recently shown to be degraded by its direct binding to the E3 ubiquitin ligase, CHIP. Here, we find that phosphorylation of tauC3 at a single residue, pS416, is sufficient to block its interaction with CHIP. A co-crystal structure of CHIP bound to the C-terminus of tauC3 revealed the mechanism of this clash and allowed design of a mutation (CHIPD134A) that partially restores binding and turnover of pS416 tauC3. We find that pS416 is produced by the known AD-associated kinase, MARK2/Par-1b, providing a potential link to disease. In further support of this idea, an antibody against pS416 co-localizes with tauC3 in degenerative neurons within the hippocampus of AD patients. Together, these studies suggest a discrete molecular mechanism for how phosphorylation at a specific site contributes to accumulation of an important tau proteoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory M Nadel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Kristin Wucherer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Abby Oehler
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Aye C Thwin
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Koli Basu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Matthew D Callahan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Daniel R Southworth
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Daniel A Mordes
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Charles S Craik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
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4
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Ayoub CA, Wagner CS, Kuret J. Identification of gene networks mediating regional resistance to tauopathy in late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010681. [PMID: 36972319 PMCID: PMC10079065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurofibrillary lesions composed of tau protein aggregates are defining hallmarks of Alzheimer’s Disease. Despite tau filaments appearing to spread between networked brain regions in a prion-like manner, certain areas including cerebellum resist trans-synaptic spread of tauopathy and degeneration of their constituent neuronal cell bodies. To identify molecular correlates of resistance, we derived and implemented a ratio of ratios approach for disaggregating gene expression data on the basis of regional vulnerability to tauopathic neurodegeneration. When applied to vulnerable pre-frontal cortex as an internal reference for resistant cerebellum, the approach segregated adaptive changes in expression into two components. The first was enriched for neuron-derived transcripts associated with proteostasis including specific members of the molecular chaperone family and was unique to resistant cerebellum. When produced as purified proteins, each of the identified chaperones depressed aggregation of 2N4R tau in vitro at sub-stoichiometric concentrations, consistent with the expression polarity deduced from ratio of ratios testing. In contrast, the second component enriched for glia- and microglia-derived transcripts associated with neuroinflammation, segregating these pathways from susceptibility to tauopathy. These data support the utility of ratio of ratios testing for establishing the polarity of gene expression changes with respect to selective vulnerability. The approach has the potential to identify new targets for drug discovery predicated on their ability to promote resistance to disease in vulnerable neuron populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Ayoub
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CAA); (JK)
| | - Connor S. Wagner
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jeff Kuret
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CAA); (JK)
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5
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Sun KT, Patel TS, Kim J, Tang HSH, Eskandari-Sedighi G, Sureshkumar H, Schieve D, Mok SA. Streamlined high-throughput cloning protocol to generate arrayed mutant libraries. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:101930. [PMID: 36520626 PMCID: PMC9758493 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale, site-directed mutagenesis enables rapid characterization of the biochemical and biological properties of proteins. Here, we present a cost-effective and adaptable cloning pipeline to generate arrayed gene libraries for a construct of interest. We detail steps to use an open access web app to automate the design of mutagenesis primers optimized for our cloning protocols in a 96-well plate format. The protocol allows most molecular biology labs to clone 96 mutants (from PCR to sequence ready plasmid) in 3 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry T Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Tark S Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Justin Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Helen S H Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | | | - Dean Schieve
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - S A Mok
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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6
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Jung CG, Kato R, Zhou C, Abdelhamid M, Shaaban EIA, Yamashita H, Michikawa M. Sustained high body temperature exacerbates cognitive function and Alzheimer's disease-related pathologies. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12273. [PMID: 35851831 PMCID: PMC9293958 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16626-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Global warming is a serious public health threat to people worldwide. High body temperature is one of the important risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and the body temperature of AD patients has been found to be significantly higher than that of elderly control subjects. However, the effects of high body temperature on cognitive function and AD pathologies have not been completely elucidated. We report here that Tg2576 mice housed at a high ambient temperature of 30 °C for 13 months showed an increase in the body temperature, which is accompanied by memory impairment and an enhancement of amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) generation through the upregulation of β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) level and decrease in the level of an Aβ-degrading enzyme, neprilysin (NEP) in the brain, compared with those of Tg2576 mice at 23 °C. High body temperature also increased the levels of heat shock proteins (HSPs), stress-stimulated kinases such as JNK, and total tau, leading to the enhancement of tau phosphorylation at 30 °C. Taken together, our findings suggest that high body temperature exacerbates cognitive function and AD pathologies, which provides a mechanistic insight for its prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cha-Gyun Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Reiko Kato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Chunyu Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Mona Abdelhamid
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Esraa Ibrahim A Shaaban
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yamashita
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan.
| | - Makoto Michikawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
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7
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Johnson OT, Gestwicki JE. Multivalent protein-protein interactions are pivotal regulators of eukaryotic Hsp70 complexes. Cell Stress Chaperones 2022; 27:397-415. [PMID: 35670950 PMCID: PMC9346034 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-022-01281-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is a molecular chaperone and central regulator of protein homeostasis (proteostasis). Paramount to this role is Hsp70's binding to client proteins and co-chaperones to produce distinct complexes, such that understanding the protein-protein interactions (PPIs) of Hsp70 is foundational to describing its function and dysfunction in disease. Mounting evidence suggests that these PPIs include both "canonical" interactions, which are universally conserved, and "non-canonical" (or "secondary") contacts that seem to have emerged in eukaryotes. These two categories of interactions involve discrete binding surfaces, such that some clients and co-chaperones engage Hsp70 with at least two points of contact. While the contributions of canonical interactions to chaperone function are becoming increasingly clear, it can be challenging to deconvolute the roles of secondary interactions. Here, we review what is known about non-canonical contacts and highlight examples where their contributions have been parsed, giving rise to a model in which Hsp70's secondary contacts are not simply sites of additional avidity but are necessary and sufficient to impart unique functions. From this perspective, we propose that further exploration of non-canonical contacts will generate important insights into the evolution of Hsp70 systems and inspire new approaches for developing small molecules that tune Hsp70-mediated proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleta T Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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8
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Moll A, Ramirez LM, Ninov M, Schwarz J, Urlaub H, Zweckstetter M. Hsp multichaperone complex buffers pathologically modified Tau. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3668. [PMID: 35760815 PMCID: PMC9237115 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31396-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder in which misfolding and aggregation of pathologically modified Tau is critical for neuronal dysfunction and degeneration. The two central chaperones Hsp70 and Hsp90 coordinate protein homeostasis, but the nature of the interaction of Tau with the Hsp70/Hsp90 machinery has remained enigmatic. Here we show that Tau is a high-affinity substrate of the human Hsp70/Hsp90 machinery. Complex formation involves extensive intermolecular contacts, blocks Tau aggregation and depends on Tau’s aggregation-prone repeat region. The Hsp90 co-chaperone p23 directly binds Tau and stabilizes the multichaperone/substrate complex, whereas the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CHIP efficiently disassembles the machinery targeting Tau to proteasomal degradation. Because phosphorylated Tau binds the Hsp70/Hsp90 machinery but is not recognized by Hsp90 alone, the data establish the Hsp70/Hsp90 multichaperone complex as a critical regulator of Tau in neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by the accumulation of aggregated tau protein. Here the authors find that Hsp chaperones, which normally protect cell homeostasis, can assemble with co-chaperones in a “multichaperone machinery” to target tau aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Moll
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,Department for NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lisa Marie Ramirez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,Department for NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Momchil Ninov
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,University Medical Center Goettingen, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Bioanalytics, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Juliane Schwarz
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,University Medical Center Goettingen, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Bioanalytics, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,University Medical Center Goettingen, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Bioanalytics, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Zweckstetter
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075, Göttingen, Germany. .,Department for NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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9
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Carrettiero DC, Almeida MC, Longhini AP, Rauch JN, Han D, Zhang X, Najafi S, Gestwicki JE, Kosik KS. Stress routes clients to the proteasome via a BAG2 ubiquitin-independent degradation condensate. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3074. [PMID: 35654899 PMCID: PMC9163039 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30751-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of membraneless organelles can be a proteotoxic stress control mechanism that locally condenses a set of components capable of mediating protein degradation decisions. The breadth of mechanisms by which cells respond to stressors and form specific functional types of membraneless organelles, is incompletely understood. We found that Bcl2-associated athanogene 2 (BAG2) marks a distinct phase-separated membraneless organelle, triggered by several forms of stress, particularly hyper-osmotic stress. Distinct from well-known condensates such as stress granules and processing bodies, BAG2-containing granules lack RNA, lack ubiquitin and promote client degradation in a ubiquitin-independent manner via the 20S proteasome. These organelles protect the viability of cells from stress and can traffic to the client protein, in the case of Tau protein, on the microtubule. Components of these ubiquitin-independent degradation organelles include the chaperone HSP-70 and the 20S proteasome activated by members of the PA28 (PMSE) family. BAG2 condensates did not co-localize with LAMP-1 or p62/SQSTM1. When the proteasome is inhibited, BAG2 condensates and the autophagy markers traffic to an aggresome-like structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Carrettiero
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria C Almeida
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrew P Longhini
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer N Rauch
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Dasol Han
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Saeed Najafi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth S Kosik
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
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10
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Taheri M, Aslani S, Ghafouri H, Mohammadi A, Akbary Moghaddam V, Moradi N, Naeimi H. Synthesis, in vitro biological evaluation and molecular modelling of new 2-chloro-3-hydrazinopyrazine derivatives as potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on PC12 cells. BMC Chem 2022; 16:7. [PMID: 35193649 PMCID: PMC8864858 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-022-00799-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The loss of cholinergic neurotransmission in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients' brain is accompanied by a reduced concentration of Acetylcholine (ACh) within synaptic clefts. Thus, the use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) to block the cholinergic degradation of ACh is a promising approach for AD treatment. In the present study, a series of 2-chloro-3-hydrazinopyrazine derivatives (CHP1-5) were designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated as potential multifunctional anti-AD agents. Methods In addition, the chemical structures and purity of the synthesized compounds were elucidated through using IR, 1H and 13C NMR, and elemental analyses. Further, the intended compounds were assessed in vitro for their AChE inhibitory and neuroprotective effects. Furthermore, DPPH, FRAP and ABTS assays were utilized to determine their antioxidant activity. The statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA. Results Based on the results, CHP4 and CHP5 exhibited strong AChE inhibitory effects with the IC50 values of 3.76 and 4.2 µM compared to the donepezil (0.53 µM), respectively. The study examined the effect and molecular mechanism of CHP4 on the Ab1–42-induced cytotoxicity in differentiated PC12 cells. At concentrations of 0–100 μM, CHP4 was non-toxic in PC12. Additionally, Ab1–42 significantly stimulated tau hyperphosphorylation and induced differentiated PC12 cell death. Further, CHP4 resulted in diminishing the Ab1–42-induced toxicity in PC12 cell significantly. CHP4 at 30 μM concentration significantly increased the Ab1–42-induced HSP70 expression and decreased tau hyperphosphorylation. Conclusions According to the results of our studies CHP4 can be considered as safe and efficient AChEI and employed as a potential multifunctional anti-AD agent. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13065-022-00799-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Taheri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Samira Aslani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hossein Ghafouri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. .,Department of Marine Sciences, The Caspian Sea Basin Research Center, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Asadollah Mohammadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Nastarn Moradi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hananeh Naeimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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11
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Tracy TE, Madero-Pérez J, Swaney DL, Chang TS, Moritz M, Konrad C, Ward ME, Stevenson E, Hüttenhain R, Kauwe G, Mercedes M, Sweetland-Martin L, Chen X, Mok SA, Wong MY, Telpoukhovskaia M, Min SW, Wang C, Sohn PD, Martin J, Zhou Y, Luo W, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VMY, Gong S, Manfredi G, Coppola G, Krogan NJ, Geschwind DH, Gan L. Tau interactome maps synaptic and mitochondrial processes associated with neurodegeneration. Cell 2022; 185:712-728.e14. [PMID: 35063084 PMCID: PMC8857049 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tau (MAPT) drives neuronal dysfunction in Alzheimer disease (AD) and other tauopathies. To dissect the underlying mechanisms, we combined an engineered ascorbic acid peroxidase (APEX) approach with quantitative affinity purification mass spectrometry (AP-MS) followed by proximity ligation assay (PLA) to characterize Tau interactomes modified by neuronal activity and mutations that cause frontotemporal dementia (FTD) in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons. We established interactions of Tau with presynaptic vesicle proteins during activity-dependent Tau secretion and mapped the Tau-binding sites to the cytosolic domains of integral synaptic vesicle proteins. We showed that FTD mutations impair bioenergetics and markedly diminished Tau’s interaction with mitochondria proteins, which were downregulated in AD brains of multiple cohorts and correlated with disease severity. These multimodal and dynamic Tau interactomes with exquisite spatial resolution shed light on Tau’s role in neuronal function and disease and highlight potential therapeutic targets to block Tau-mediated pathogenesis. By combining APEX and AP-MS proteomic approaches, Tau interactome mapping reveals that Tau interactors are modified by neuronal activity and FTD mutations in human iPSC-derived neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara E Tracy
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA.
| | - Jesus Madero-Pérez
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Danielle L Swaney
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Timothy S Chang
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Program and Program in Neurogenetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michelle Moritz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Csaba Konrad
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Erica Stevenson
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ruth Hüttenhain
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Grant Kauwe
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Maria Mercedes
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Lauren Sweetland-Martin
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Xu Chen
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sue-Ann Mok
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Man Ying Wong
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | | | - Sang-Won Min
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | | | - Yungui Zhou
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Wenjie Luo
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Virginia M Y Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shiaoching Gong
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Giovanni Manfredi
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Program and Program in Neurogenetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Program and Program in Neurogenetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Institute of Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Li Gan
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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12
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Ryder BD, Wydorski PM, Hou Z, Joachimiak LA. Chaperoning shape-shifting tau in disease. Trends Biochem Sci 2022; 47:301-313. [PMID: 35045944 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, originate from the conversion of proteins into pathogenic conformations. The microtubule-associated protein tau converts into β-sheet-rich amyloid conformations, which underlie pathology in over 25 related tauopathies. Structural studies of tau amyloid fibrils isolated from human tauopathy tissues have revealed that tau adopts diverse structural polymorphs, each linked to a different disease. Molecular chaperones play central roles in regulating tau function and amyloid assembly in disease. New data supports the model that chaperones selectively recognize different conformations of tau to limit the accumulation of proteotoxic species. The challenge now is to understand how chaperones influence disease processes across different tauopathies, which will help guide the development of novel conformation-specific diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D Ryder
- Molecular Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Pawel M Wydorski
- Molecular Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Hou
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lukasz A Joachimiak
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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13
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Ginsberg SD, Joshi S, Sharma S, Guzman G, Wang T, Arancio O, Chiosis G. The penalty of stress - Epichaperomes negatively reshaping the brain in neurodegenerative disorders. J Neurochem 2021; 159:958-979. [PMID: 34657288 PMCID: PMC8688321 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation to acute and chronic stress and/or persistent stressors is a subject of wide interest in central nervous system disorders. In this context, stress is an effector of change in organismal homeostasis and the response is generated when the brain perceives a potential threat. Herein, we discuss a nuanced and granular view whereby a wide variety of genotoxic and environmental stressors, including aging, genetic risk factors, environmental exposures, and age- and lifestyle-related changes, act as direct insults to cellular, as opposed to organismal, homeostasis. These two concepts of how stressors impact the central nervous system are not mutually exclusive. We discuss how maladaptive stressor-induced changes in protein connectivity through epichaperomes, disease-associated pathologic scaffolds composed of tightly bound chaperones, co-chaperones, and other factors, impact intracellular protein functionality altering phenotypes, that in turn disrupt and remodel brain networks ranging from intercellular to brain connectome levels. We provide an evidence-based view on how these maladaptive changes ranging from stressor to phenotype provide unique precision medicine opportunities for diagnostic and therapeutic development, especially in the context of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease where treatment options are currently limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D. Ginsberg
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience & Physiology, the NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Suhasini Joshi
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Sahil Sharma
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Gianny Guzman
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Tai Wang
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Ottavio Arancio
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA
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14
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Jiang L, Lin W, Zhang C, Ash PEA, Verma M, Kwan J, van Vliet E, Yang Z, Cruz AL, Boudeau S, Maziuk BF, Lei S, Song J, Alvarez VE, Hovde S, Abisambra JF, Kuo MH, Kanaan N, Murray ME, Crary JF, Zhao J, Cheng JX, Petrucelli L, Li H, Emili A, Wolozin B. Interaction of tau with HNRNPA2B1 and N 6-methyladenosine RNA mediates the progression of tauopathy. Mol Cell 2021; 81:4209-4227.e12. [PMID: 34453888 PMCID: PMC8541906 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The microtubule-associated protein tau oligomerizes, but the actions of oligomeric tau (oTau) are unknown. We have used Cry2-based optogenetics to induce tau oligomers (oTau-c). Optical induction of oTau-c elicits tau phosphorylation, aggregation, and a translational stress response that includes stress granules and reduced protein synthesis. Proteomic analysis identifies HNRNPA2B1 as a principle target of oTau-c. The association of HNRNPA2B1 with endogenous oTau was verified in neurons, animal models, and human Alzheimer brain tissues. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that HNRNPA2B1 functions as a linker, connecting oTau with N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modified RNA transcripts. Knockdown of HNRNPA2B1 prevents oTau or oTau-c from associating with m6A or from reducing protein synthesis and reduces oTau-induced neurodegeneration. Levels of m6A and the m6A-oTau-HNRNPA2B1 complex are increased up to 5-fold in the brains of Alzheimer subjects and P301S tau mice. These results reveal a complex containing oTau, HNRNPA2B1, and m6A that contributes to the integrated stress response of oTau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Weiwei Lin
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Peter E A Ash
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Mamta Verma
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Julian Kwan
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Emily van Vliet
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Zhuo Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Anna Lourdes Cruz
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Samantha Boudeau
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Brandon F Maziuk
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Shuwen Lei
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jaehyup Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Victor E Alvarez
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Stacy Hovde
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jose F Abisambra
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Min-Hao Kuo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Nicholas Kanaan
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Melissa E Murray
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - John F Crary
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02459, USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02459, USA
| | | | - Hu Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Andrew Emili
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Benjamin Wolozin
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Center for Neurophotonics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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15
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Caballero B, Bourdenx M, Luengo E, Diaz A, Sohn PD, Chen X, Wang C, Juste YR, Wegmann S, Patel B, Young ZT, Kuo SY, Rodriguez-Navarro JA, Shao H, Lopez MG, Karch CM, Goate AM, Gestwicki JE, Hyman BT, Gan L, Cuervo AM. Acetylated tau inhibits chaperone-mediated autophagy and promotes tau pathology propagation in mice. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2238. [PMID: 33854069 PMCID: PMC8047017 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22501-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Disrupted homeostasis of the microtubule binding protein tau is a shared feature of a set of neurodegenerative disorders known as tauopathies. Acetylation of soluble tau is an early pathological event in neurodegeneration. In this work, we find that a large fraction of neuronal tau is degraded by chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) whereas, upon acetylation, tau is preferentially degraded by macroautophagy and endosomal microautophagy. Rerouting of acetylated tau to these other autophagic pathways originates, in part, from the inhibitory effect that acetylated tau exerts on CMA and results in its extracellular release. In fact, experimental blockage of CMA enhances cell-to-cell propagation of pathogenic tau in a mouse model of tauopathy. Furthermore, analysis of lysosomes isolated from brains of patients with tauopathies demonstrates similar molecular mechanisms leading to CMA dysfunction. This study reveals that CMA failure in tauopathy brains alters tau homeostasis and could contribute to aggravate disease progression. The tau protein has been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders and can propagate from cell to cell. Here, the authors show that tau acetylation reduces its degradation by chaperone-mediated autophagy, causing re-routing to other autophagic pathways and increasing extracellular tau release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Caballero
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Roche Chile Pharmaceuticals, Las Condes, Region Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Mathieu Bourdenx
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Enrique Luengo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Institute Teofilo Hernando for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Hospital de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Diaz
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Peter Dongmin Sohn
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xu Chen
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yves R Juste
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Susanne Wegmann
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Bindi Patel
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Zapporah T Young
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Szu Yu Kuo
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jose Antonio Rodriguez-Navarro
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hao Shao
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Manuela G Lopez
- Institute Teofilo Hernando for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Hospital de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Celeste M Karch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alison M Goate
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Li Gan
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ana Maria Cuervo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA. .,Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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16
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Zeng Y, Yang J, Zhang B, Gao M, Su Z, Huang Y. The structure and phase of tau: from monomer to amyloid filament. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:1873-1886. [PMID: 33078207 PMCID: PMC11073437 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03681-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein involved in regulation of assembly and spatial organization of microtubule in neurons. However, in pathological conditions, tau monomers assemble into amyloid filaments characterized by the cross-β structures in a number of neurodegenerative diseases known as tauopathies. In this review, we summarize recent progression on the characterization of structures of tau monomer and filament, as well as the dynamic liquid droplet assembly. Our aim is to reveal how post-translational modifications, amino acid mutations, and interacting molecules modulate the conformational ensemble of tau monomer, and how they accelerate or inhibit tau assembly into aggregates. Structure-based aggregation inhibitor design is also discussed in the context of dynamics and heterogeneity of tau structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bailing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengding Su
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongqi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China.
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17
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Koren SA, Galvis-Escobar S, Abisambra JF. Tau-mediated dysregulation of RNA: Evidence for a common molecular mechanism of toxicity in frontotemporal dementia and other tauopathies. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 141:104939. [PMID: 32413399 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementias (FTDs) encompass several disorders commonly characterized by progressive frontotemporal lobar degeneration and dementia. Pathologically, TDP-43, FUS, dipeptide repeats, and tau constitute the protein aggregates in FTD, which in turn coincide with heterogeneity in clinical variants. The underlying molecular etiology explaining the formation of each type of protein aggregate remains unclear; however, dysregulated RNA metabolism rises as a common pathogenic factor. Alongside with TDP-43 and FUS, which bind to and regulate RNA dynamics, emerging data suggest that tau may also regulate RNA metabolism and translation. The complex mechanisms that drive translational selectivity in turn regulate the broad clinical presentation of FTDs. Here, we focus on the enigmatic relationship between tau and RNA and review the mechanisms of tau-mediated dysregulation of RNA in tauopathies such as FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shon A Koren
- Department of Neuroscience & Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, BOX 100159, 1275 Center Drive, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Sara Galvis-Escobar
- Department of Neuroscience & Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, BOX 100159, 1275 Center Drive, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Jose F Abisambra
- Department of Neuroscience & Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, BOX 100159, 1275 Center Drive, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America.
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18
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Weickert S, Wawrzyniuk M, John LH, Rüdiger SGD, Drescher M. The mechanism of Hsp90-induced oligomerizaton of Tau. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaax6999. [PMID: 32201713 PMCID: PMC7069708 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax6999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of the microtubule-associated protein Tau is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease with Tau oligomers suspected as the most toxic agent. Tau is a client of the molecular chaperone Hsp90, although it is unclear whether and how the chaperone massages the structure of intrinsically disordered Tau. Using electron paramagnetic resonance, we extract structural information from the very broad conformational ensemble of Tau: Tau in solution is highly dynamic and polymorphic, although "paper clip"-shaped by long-range contacts. Interaction with Hsp90 promotes an open Tau conformation, which we identify as the molecular basis for the formation of small Tau oligomers by exposure of the aggregation-prone repeat domain to other Tau molecules. At the same time, formation of Tau fibrils is inhibited. We therefore provide the nanometer-scale zoom into chaperoning an amyloid client, highlighting formation of oligomers as the consequence of this biologically relevant interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Weickert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - M. Wawrzyniuk
- Cellular Protein Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - L. H. John
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - S. G. D. Rüdiger
- Cellular Protein Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - M. Drescher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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19
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The epichaperome is a mediator of toxic hippocampal stress and leads to protein connectivity-based dysfunction. Nat Commun 2020; 11:319. [PMID: 31949159 PMCID: PMC6965647 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal functioning of neuronal networks is critical to the complex cognitive processes of memory and executive function that deteriorate in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here we use cellular and animal models as well as human biospecimens to show that AD-related stressors mediate global disturbances in dynamic intra- and inter-neuronal networks through pathologic rewiring of the chaperome system into epichaperomes. These structures provide the backbone upon which proteome-wide connectivity, and in turn, protein networks become disturbed and ultimately dysfunctional. We introduce the term protein connectivity-based dysfunction (PCBD) to define this mechanism. Among most sensitive to PCBD are pathways with key roles in synaptic plasticity. We show at cellular and target organ levels that network connectivity and functional imbalances revert to normal levels upon epichaperome inhibition. In conclusion, we provide proof-of-principle to propose AD is a PCBDopathy, a disease of proteome-wide connectivity defects mediated by maladaptive epichaperomes. The biology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains unknown. We propose AD is a protein connectivity-based dysfunction disorder whereby a switch of the chaperome into epichaperomes rewires proteome-wide connectivity, leading to brain circuitry malfunction that can be corrected by novel therapeutics.
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20
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Wentink A, Nussbaum-Krammer C, Bukau B. Modulation of Amyloid States by Molecular Chaperones. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:cshperspect.a033969. [PMID: 30755450 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a033969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant protein aggregation is a defining feature of most neurodegenerative diseases. During pathological aggregation, key proteins transition from their native state to alternative conformations, which are prone to oligomerize into highly ordered fibrillar states. As part of the cellular quality control machinery, molecular chaperones can intervene at many stages of the aggregation process to inhibit or reverse aberrant protein aggregation or counteract the toxicity associated with amyloid species. Although the action of chaperones is considered cytoprotective, essential housekeeping functions can be hijacked for the propagation and spreading of protein aggregates, suggesting the cellular protein quality control system constitutes a double-edged sword in neurodegeneration. Here, we discuss the various mechanisms used by chaperones to influence protein aggregation into amyloid fibrils to understand how the interplay of these activities produces specific cellular outcomes and to define mechanisms that may be targeted by pharmacological agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Wentink
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carmen Nussbaum-Krammer
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Bukau
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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21
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Maziuk BF, Apicco DJ, Cruz AL, Jiang L, Ash PEA, da Rocha EL, Zhang C, Yu WH, Leszyk J, Abisambra JF, Li H, Wolozin B. RNA binding proteins co-localize with small tau inclusions in tauopathy. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:71. [PMID: 30068389 PMCID: PMC6069705 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0574-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of insoluble, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles composed of the microtubule-associated protein tau is a defining feature of tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Accumulating evidence suggests that tau pathology co-localizes with RNA binding proteins (RBPs) that are known markers for stress granules (SGs). Here we used proteomics to determine how the network of tau binding proteins changes with disease in the rTg4510 mouse, and then followed up with immunohistochemistry to identify RNA binding proteins that co-localize with tau pathology. The tau interactome networks revealed striking disease-related changes in interactions between tau and a multiple RBPs, and biochemical fractionation studies demonstrated that many of these proteins including hnRNPA0, EWSR1, PABP and RPL7 form insoluble aggregates as tau pathology develops. Immunohistochemical analysis of mouse and human brain tissues suggest a model of evolving pathological interaction, in which RBPs co-localize with pathological phospho-tau but occur adjacent to larger pathological tau inclusions. We suggest a model in which tau initially interacts with RBPs in small complexes, but evolves into isolated aggregated inclusions as tau pathology matures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon F Maziuk
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J Apicco
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna Lourdes Cruz
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lulu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter E A Ash
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Wai Haung Yu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Alzheimer's Disease Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Leszyk
- University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jose F Abisambra
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Physiology, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, and Epilepsy Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Hu Li
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Benjamin Wolozin
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Neurology Program in Neuroscience, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord St., R614, Boston, MA, 02118-2526, USA.
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22
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Radli M, Rüdiger SGD. Dancing with the Diva: Hsp90-Client Interactions. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3029-3040. [PMID: 29782836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The molecular chaperone Hsp90 is involved in the folding, maturation, and degradation of a large number structurally and sequentially unrelated clients, often connected to serious diseases. Elucidating the principles of how Hsp90 recognizes this large variety of substrates is essential for comprehending the mechanism of this chaperone machinery, as well as it is a prerequisite for the design of client specific drugs targeting Hsp90. Here, we discuss the recent progress in understanding the substrate recognition principles of Hsp90 and its implications for the role of Hsp90 in the lifecycle of proteins. Hsp90 acts downstream of the chaperone Hsp70, which exposes its substrate to a short and highly hydrophobic cleft. The subsequently acting Hsp90 has an extended client-binding interface that enables a large number of low-affinity contacts. Structural studies show interaction modes of Hsp90 with the intrinsically disordered Alzheimer's disease-causing protein Tau, the kinase Cdk4 in a partially unfolded state and the folded ligand-binding domain of a steroid receptor. Comparing the features shared by these different proteins provides a picture of the substrate-binding principles of Hsp90.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Radli
- Cellular Protein Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Science for Life, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan G D Rüdiger
- Cellular Protein Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Science for Life, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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23
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Mok SA, Condello C, Freilich R, Gillies A, Arhar T, Oroz J, Kadavath H, Julien O, Assimon VA, Rauch JN, Dunyak BM, Lee J, Tsai FTF, Wilson MR, Zweckstetter M, Dickey CA, Gestwicki JE. Mapping interactions with the chaperone network reveals factors that protect against tau aggregation. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2018; 25:384-393. [PMID: 29728653 PMCID: PMC5942583 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-018-0057-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A network of molecular chaperones is known to bind proteins ('clients') and balance their folding, function and turnover. However, it is often unclear which chaperones are critical for selective recognition of individual clients. It is also not clear why these key chaperones might fail in protein-aggregation diseases. Here, we utilized human microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT or tau) as a model client to survey interactions between ~30 purified chaperones and ~20 disease-associated tau variants (~600 combinations). From this large-scale analysis, we identified human DnaJA2 as an unexpected, but potent, inhibitor of tau aggregation. DnaJA2 levels were correlated with tau pathology in human brains, supporting the idea that it is an important regulator of tau homeostasis. Of note, we found that some disease-associated tau variants were relatively immune to interactions with chaperones, suggesting a model in which avoiding physical recognition by chaperone networks may contribute to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue-Ann Mok
- Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carlo Condello
- Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Freilich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anne Gillies
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Taylor Arhar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Javier Oroz
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Olivier Julien
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Victoria A Assimon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer N Rauch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bryan M Dunyak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jungsoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Francis T F Tsai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark R Wilson
- llawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Markus Zweckstetter
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Chad A Dickey
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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24
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Kundel F, De S, Flagmeier P, Horrocks MH, Kjaergaard M, Shammas SL, Jackson SE, Dobson CM, Klenerman D. Hsp70 Inhibits the Nucleation and Elongation of Tau and Sequesters Tau Aggregates with High Affinity. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:636-646. [PMID: 29300447 PMCID: PMC6374916 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
![]()
As a key player of
the protein quality control network of the cell,
the molecular chaperone Hsp70 inhibits the aggregation of the amyloid
protein tau. To date, the mechanism of this inhibition and the tau
species targeted by Hsp70 remain unknown. This is partly due to the
inherent difficulty of studying amyloid aggregates because of their
heterogeneous and transient nature. Here, we used ensemble and single-molecule
fluorescence measurements to dissect how Hsp70 counteracts the self-assembly
process of the K18 ΔK280 tau variant. We found that Hsp70 blocks
the early stages of tau aggregation by suppressing the formation of
tau nuclei. Additionally, Hsp70 sequesters oligomers and mature tau
fibrils with nanomolar affinity into a protective complex, efficiently
neutralizing their ability to damage membranes and seed further tau
aggregation. Our results provide novel insights into the molecular
mechanisms by which the chaperone Hsp70 counteracts the formation,
propagation, and toxicity of tau aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Kundel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Suman De
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Flagmeier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Mathew H. Horrocks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Magnus Kjaergaard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah L. Shammas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie E. Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher M. Dobson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - David Klenerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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25
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Young ZT, Mok SA, Gestwicki JE. Therapeutic Strategies for Restoring Tau Homeostasis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2018; 8:cshperspect.a024612. [PMID: 28159830 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a024612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Normal tau homeostasis is achieved when the synthesis, processing, and degradation of the protein is balanced. Together, the pathways that regulate tau homeostasis ensure that the protein is at the proper levels and that its posttranslational modifications and subcellular localization are appropriately controlled. These pathways include the enzymes responsible for posttranslational modifications, those systems that regulate mRNA splicing, and the molecular chaperones that control tau turnover and its binding to microtubules. In tauopathies, this delicate balance is disturbed. Tau becomes abnormally modified by posttranslational modification, it loses affinity for microtubules, and it accumulates in proteotoxic aggregates. How and why does this imbalance occur? In this review, we discuss how molecular chaperones and other components of the protein homeostasis (e.g., proteostasis) network normally govern tau quality control. We also discuss how aging might reduce the capacity of these systems and how tau mutations might further affect this balance. Finally, we discuss how small-molecule inhibitors are being used to probe and perturb the tau quality-control systems, playing a particularly prominent role in revealing the logic of tau homeostasis. As such, there is now interest in developing these chemical probes into therapeutics, with the goal of restoring normal tau homeostasis to treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zapporah T Young
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Sue Ann Mok
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
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26
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Cesa LC, Shao H, Srinivasan SR, Tse E, Jain C, Zuiderweg ERP, Southworth DR, Mapp AK, Gestwicki JE. X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) is a client of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and a biomarker of its inhibition. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:2370-2380. [PMID: 29255093 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and Hsp90 are molecular chaperones that play essential roles in tumor growth by stabilizing pro-survival client proteins. However, although the development of Hsp90 inhibitors has benefited from the identification of clients, such as Raf-1 proto-oncogene, Ser/Thr kinase (RAF1), that are particularly dependent on this chaperone, no equivalent clients for Hsp70 have been reported. Using chemical probes and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, we found here that the inhibitors of apoptosis proteins, including c-IAP1 and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), are obligate Hsp70 clients that are rapidly (within ∼3-12 h) lost after inhibition of Hsp70 but not of Hsp90. Mutagenesis and pulldown experiments revealed multiple Hsp70-binding sites on XIAP, suggesting that it is a direct, physical Hsp70 client. Interestingly, this interaction was unusually tight (∼260 nm) for an Hsp70-client interaction and involved non-canonical regions of the chaperone. Finally, we also found that Hsp70 inhibitor treatments caused loss of c-IAP1 and XIAP in multiple cancer cell lines and in tumor xenografts, but not in healthy cells. These results are expected to significantly accelerate Hsp70 drug discovery by providing XIAP as a pharmacodynamic biomarker. More broadly, our findings further suggest that Hsp70 and Hsp90 have partially non-overlapping sets of obligate protein clients in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hao Shao
- the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | | | - Eric Tse
- Biological Chemistry, and.,The Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 and
| | | | | | - Daniel R Southworth
- From the Program in Chemical Biology.,Biological Chemistry, and.,The Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 and
| | - Anna K Mapp
- From the Program in Chemical Biology.,The Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 and.,Departments of Chemistry and
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
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27
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Woo JA, Liu T, Zhao X, Trotter C, Yrigoin K, Cazzaro S, Narvaez ED, Khan H, Witas R, Bukhari A, Makati K, Wang X, Dickey C, Kang DE. Enhanced tau pathology via RanBP9 and Hsp90/Hsc70 chaperone complexes. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:3973-3988. [PMID: 29016855 PMCID: PMC6075219 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) and tau represent the two major pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite the critical importance of Aβ accumulation as an early event in AD pathogenesis, multiple lines of evidence indicate that tau is required to mediate Aβ-induced neurotoxic signals in neurons. We have previously shown that the scaffolding protein Ran-binding protein 9 (RanBP9), which is highly elevated in brains of AD and AD mouse models, both enhances Aβ production and mediates Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. However, it is unknown whether and how RanBP9 transmits Aβ-induced neurotoxic signals to tau. Here we show for the first time that overexpression or knockdown of RanBP9 directly enhances and reduces tau levels, respectively, in vitro and in vivo. Such changes in tau levels are associated with the ability of RanBP9 to physically interact with tau and heat shock protein 90/heat shock cognate 70 (Hsp90/Hsc70) complexes. Meanwhile, both RanBP9 and tau levels are simultaneously reduced by Hsp90 or Hsc70 inhibitors, whereas overexpression or knockdown of RanBP9 significantly diminishes the anti-tau potency of Hsp90/Hsc70 inhibitors as well as Hsc70 variants (WT & E175S). Further, RanBP9 increases the capacity for Hsp90 and Hsc70 complexes to bind ATP and enhances their ATPase activities in vitro. These observations in vitro and cell lines are recapitulated in primary neurons and in vivo, as genetic reduction in RanBP9 not only ameliorates tauopathy in Tau-P301S mice but also rescues the deficits in synaptic integrity and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung A Woo
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute
- Department of Molecular Medicine
| | - Tian Liu
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute
- Department of Molecular Medicine
| | - Xingyu Zhao
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute
- Department of Molecular Medicine
| | - Courtney Trotter
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute
- Department of Molecular Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xinming Wang
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Chad Dickey
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute
- Department of Molecular Medicine
- James A. Haley Veteran’s Administration Hospital, Research Division, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - David E Kang
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute
- Department of Molecular Medicine
- James A. Haley Veteran’s Administration Hospital, Research Division, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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28
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Calderwood SK, Murshid A. Molecular Chaperone Accumulation in Cancer and Decrease in Alzheimer's Disease: The Potential Roles of HSF1. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:192. [PMID: 28484363 PMCID: PMC5399083 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular chaperones are required to maintain the proteome in a folded and functional state. When challenges to intracellular folding occur, the heat shock response is triggered, leading to increased synthesis of a class of inducible chaperones known as heat shock proteins (HSP). Although HSP synthesis is known to undergo a general decline in most cells with aging, the extent of this process varies quite markedly in some of the diseases associated with advanced age. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), a prevalent protein folding disorder in the brain, the heat shock response of some critical classes of neurons becomes reduced. The resulting decline in HSP expression may be a consequence of the general enfeeblement of many aspects of cell physiology with aging and/or a response to the pathological changes in metabolism observed specifically in AD. Cancer cells, in contrast to normal aging cells, undergo de novo increases in HSP levels. This expansion in HSP expression has been attributed to increases in folding demand in cancer or to the evolution of new mechanisms for induction of the heat shock response in rapidly adapting cancer cells. As the predominant pathway for regulation of HSP synthesis involves transcription factor HSF1, it has been suggested that dysregulation of this factor may play a decisive role in the development of each disease. We will discuss what is known of the mechanisms of HSF1 regulation in regard to the HSP dysregulation seen in in AD and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart K Calderwood
- Molecular and Cellular Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Center for Life Sciences 610, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Ayesha Murshid
- Molecular and Cellular Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Center for Life Sciences 610, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
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29
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Rauch JN, Tse E, Freilich R, Mok SA, Makley LN, Southworth DR, Gestwicki JE. BAG3 Is a Modular, Scaffolding Protein that physically Links Heat Shock Protein 70 (Hsp70) to the Small Heat Shock Proteins. J Mol Biol 2016; 429:128-141. [PMID: 27884606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) are a family of ATP-independent molecular chaperones that are important for binding and stabilizing unfolded proteins. In this task, the sHsps have been proposed to coordinate with ATP-dependent chaperones, including heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70). However, it is not yet clear how these two important components of the chaperone network are linked. We report that the Hsp70 co-chaperone, BAG3, is a modular, scaffolding factor to bring together sHsps and Hsp70s. Using domain deletions and point mutations, we found that BAG3 uses both of its IPV motifs to interact with sHsps, including Hsp27 (HspB1), αB-crystallin (HspB5), Hsp22 (HspB8), and Hsp20 (HspB6). BAG3 does not appear to be a passive scaffolding factor; rather, its binding promoted de-oligomerization of Hsp27, likely by competing for the self-interactions that normally stabilize large oligomers. BAG3 bound to Hsp70 at the same time as Hsp22, Hsp27, or αB-crystallin, suggesting that it might physically bring the chaperone families together into a complex. Indeed, addition of BAG3 coordinated the ability of Hsp22 and Hsp70 to refold denatured luciferase in vitro. Together, these results suggest that BAG3 physically and functionally links Hsp70 and sHsps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Rauch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Eric Tse
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rebecca Freilich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sue-Ann Mok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Leah N Makley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Daniel R Southworth
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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30
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Su KH, Dai C. Metabolic control of the proteotoxic stress response: implications in diabetes mellitus and neurodegenerative disorders. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:4231-4248. [PMID: 27289378 PMCID: PMC5599143 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2291-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proteome homeostasis, or proteostasis, is essential to maintain cellular fitness and its disturbance is associated with a broad range of human health conditions and diseases. Cells are constantly challenged by various extrinsic and intrinsic insults, which perturb cellular proteostasis and provoke proteotoxic stress. To counter proteomic perturbations and preserve proteostasis, cells mobilize the proteotoxic stress response (PSR), an evolutionarily conserved transcriptional program mediated by heat shock factor 1 (HSF1). The HSF1-mediated PSR guards the proteome against misfolding and aggregation. In addition to proteotoxic stress, emerging studies reveal that this proteostatic mechanism also responds to cellular energy state. This regulation is mediated by the key cellular metabolic sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). In this review, we present an overview of the maintenance of proteostasis by HSF1, the metabolic regulation of the PSR, particularly focusing on AMPK, and their implications in the two major age-related diseases-diabetes mellitus and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hui Su
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Chengkai Dai
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA.
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31
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Hsp90 directly interacts, in vitro, with amyloid structures and modulates their assembly and disassembly. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2598-2609. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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32
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Modulation of Molecular Chaperones in Huntington’s Disease and Other Polyglutamine Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5829-5854. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0120-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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33
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Rauch JN, Zuiderweg ERP, Gestwicki JE. Non-canonical Interactions between Heat Shock Cognate Protein 70 (Hsc70) and Bcl2-associated Anthanogene (BAG) Co-Chaperones Are Important for Client Release. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:19848-57. [PMID: 27474739 PMCID: PMC5025674 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.742502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70) regulates protein homeostasis through its reversible interactions with client proteins. Hsc70 has two major domains: a nucleotide-binding domain (NBD), that hydrolyzes ATP, and a substrate-binding domain (SBD), where clients are bound. Members of the BAG family of co-chaperones, including Bag1 and Bag3, are known to accelerate release of both ADP and client from Hsc70. The release of nucleotide is known to be mediated by interactions between the conserved BAG domain and the Hsc70 NBD. However, less is known about the regions required for client release, and it is often assumed that this activity also requires the BAG domain. It is important to better understand this step because it determines how long clients remain in the inactive, bound state. Here, we report the surprising observation that truncated versions of either human Bag1 or Bag3, comprised only the BAG domain, promoted rapid release of nucleotide, but not client, in vitro Rather, we found that a non-canonical interaction between Bag1/3 and the Hsc70 SBD is sufficient for accelerating this step. Moreover, client release did not seem to require the BAG domain or Hsc70 NBD. These results suggest that Bag1 and Bag3 control the stability of the Hsc70-client complex using at least two distinct protein-protein contacts, providing a previously under-appreciated layer of molecular regulation in the human Hsc70 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Rauch
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 and
| | - Erik R P Zuiderweg
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 and
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
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34
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Stabilizing the Hsp70-Tau Complex Promotes Turnover in Models of Tauopathy. Cell Chem Biol 2016; 23:992-1001. [PMID: 27499529 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is a chaperone that normally scans the proteome and initiates the turnover of some proteins (termed clients) by linking them to the degradation pathways. This activity is critical to normal protein homeostasis, yet it appears to fail in diseases associated with abnormal protein accumulation. It is not clear why Hsp70 promotes client degradation under some conditions, while sparing that protein under others. Here, we used a combination of chemical biology and genetic strategies to systematically perturb the affinity of Hsp70 for the model client, tau. This approach revealed that tight complexes between Hsp70 and tau were associated with enhanced turnover while transient interactions favored tau retention. These results suggest that client affinity is one important parameter governing Hsp70-mediated quality control.
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35
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Martin MD, Baker JD, Suntharalingam A, Nordhues BA, Shelton LB, Zheng D, Sabbagh JJ, Haystead TA, Gestwicki JE, Dickey CA. Inhibition of Both Hsp70 Activity and Tau Aggregation in Vitro Best Predicts Tau Lowering Activity of Small Molecules. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:2041-8. [PMID: 27177119 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Three scaffolds with inhibitory activity against the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) family of chaperones have been found to enhance the degradation of the microtubule associated protein tau in cells, neurons, and brain tissue. This is important because tau accumulation is linked to neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Here, we expanded upon this study to investigate the anti-tau efficacy of additional scaffolds with Hsp70 inhibitory activity. Five of the nine scaffolds tested lowered tau levels, with the rhodacyanine and phenothiazine scaffolds exhibiting the highest potency as previously described. Because phenothiazines also inhibit tau aggregation in vitro, we suspected that this activity might be a more accurate predictor of tau lowering. Interestingly, the rhodacyanines did inhibit in vitro tau aggregation to a similar degree as phenothiazines, correlating well with tau-lowering efficacy in cells and ex vivo slices. Moreover, other Hsp70 inhibitor scaffolds with weaker tau-lowering activity in cells inhibited tau aggregation in vitro, albeit at lower potencies. When we tested six well-characterized tau aggregation inhibitors, we determined that this mechanism of action was not a better predictor of tau-lowering than Hsp70 inhibition. Instead, we found that compounds possessing both activities were the most effective at promoting tau clearance. Moreover, cytotoxicity and PAINS activity are critical factors that can lead to false-positive lead identification. Strategies designed around these principles will likely yield more efficacious tau-lowering compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie D. Martin
- Department of Molecular
Medicine and Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33613, United States
| | - Jeremy D. Baker
- Department of Molecular
Medicine and Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33613, United States
| | - Amirthaa Suntharalingam
- Department of Molecular
Medicine and Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33613, United States
| | - Bryce A. Nordhues
- Department of Molecular
Medicine and Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33613, United States
| | - Lindsey B. Shelton
- Department of Molecular
Medicine and Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33613, United States
| | - Dali Zheng
- Department of Molecular
Medicine and Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33613, United States
| | - Jonathan J. Sabbagh
- Department of Molecular
Medicine and Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33613, United States
| | - Timothy A.J. Haystead
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Jason E. Gestwicki
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San
Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Chad A. Dickey
- Department of Molecular
Medicine and Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33613, United States
- James A. Haley Veteran’s Hospital, 13000 Bruce B. Downs Blvd. Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
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36
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Sabbagh JJ, Dickey CA. The Metamorphic Nature of the Tau Protein: Dynamic Flexibility Comes at a Cost. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:3. [PMID: 26834532 PMCID: PMC4720746 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of the microtubule associated protein tau occurs in several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The tau protein is intrinsically disordered, giving it unique structural properties that can be dynamically altered by post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation and cleavage. Over the last decade, technological advances in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and structural modeling have permitted more in-depth insights into the nature of tau. These studies have helped elucidate how metamorphism of tau makes it ideally suited for dynamic microtubule regulation, but how it also facilitates tau self-assembly, oligomerization, and neurotoxicity. This review will focus on how the distinct structure of tau governs its function, accumulation, and toxicity as well as how other cellular factors such as molecular chaperones control these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Sabbagh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, University of South Florida Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Chad A Dickey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, University of South Florida Tampa, FL, USA
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37
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Parameswaran S, Sharma RK. Expression of calcineurin, calpastatin and heat shock proteins during ischemia and reperfusion. Biochem Biophys Rep 2015; 4:207-214. [PMID: 30338302 PMCID: PMC6189699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Calcineurin (CaN) interacts with calpains (Calpn) and causes cellular damage eventually leading to cell death. Calpastatin (Calp) is a specific Calpn inhibitor, along with CaN stimulation has been implicated in reduced cell death and self-repair. Molecular chaperones, heat shock proteins (Hsp70 and Hsp90) acts as regulators in Calpn signaling. This study aims to elucidate the role of CaN, Calp and Hsps during induced ischemia and reperfusion in primary cardiomyocyte cultures (murine). Methods and results Protein expression was analyzed concurrently with viability using flow cytometry (FACS) in ischemia- and reperfusion-induced murine cardiomyocyte cultures. The expression of Hsp70 and Hsp90, both being molecular chaperones, increased during ischemia with a concurrent increase in death of cells expressing these proteins. The relative expression of Hsp70 and Hsp90 during ischemia with respect to CaN was enhanced in comparison to Calp. Reperfusion slightly decreased the number of cells expressing these chaperones. There was no increase in death of cells co-expressing Hsp70 and Hsp90 along with CaN and Calp. CaN expression peaked during ischemia and subsequent reperfusion reduced its expression and cell death. Calp expression increased both during ischemia and subsequent reperfusion but cell death decreased during reperfusion. Conclusion The present study adds to the existing knowledge that Hsp70, Hsp90, CaN and Calp interact with each other and play significant role in cardio protection. Differential expression of calcineurin and calpastatin during ischemia and reperfusion. Enhanced ischemia induced cell death in cells expressing Hsp70 and Hsp90. Cardio protective role of calcineurin, calpastatin, Hsp70 and Hsp90.
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Key Words
- CaN, calcineurin
- Calcineurin
- Calp, Calpastatin
- Calpastatin
- Calpn, calpain
- FACS, flow cytometry
- FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate
- HMWCaMBP, high molecular weight calmodulin-binding protein
- Heat shock proteins
- I/R, Ischemia and Reperfusion
- Ischemia
- NDB, nutrient deficient buffer
- NMCC, primary neonatal mouse cardiomyocyte culture
- PE, R-phycoerythrin
- Primary cardiomyocyte culture
- Reperfusion
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38
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Haase M, Fitze G. HSP90AB1: Helping the good and the bad. Gene 2015; 575:171-86. [PMID: 26358502 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Haase
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Guido Fitze
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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39
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Cesa LC, Mapp AK, Gestwicki JE. Direct and Propagated Effects of Small Molecules on Protein-Protein Interaction Networks. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 3:119. [PMID: 26380257 PMCID: PMC4547496 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Networks of protein–protein interactions (PPIs) link all aspects of cellular biology. Dysfunction in the assembly or dynamics of PPI networks is a hallmark of human disease, and as such, there is growing interest in the discovery of small molecules that either promote or inhibit PPIs. PPIs were once considered undruggable because of their relatively large buried surface areas and difficult topologies. Despite these challenges, recent advances in chemical screening methodologies, combined with improvements in structural and computational biology have made some of these targets more tractable. In this review, we highlight developments that have opened the door to potent chemical modulators. We focus on how allostery is being used to produce surprisingly robust changes in PPIs, even for the most challenging targets. We also discuss how interfering with one PPI can propagate changes through the broader web of interactions. Through this analysis, it is becoming clear that a combination of direct and propagated effects on PPI networks is ultimately how small molecules re-shape biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Cesa
- Program in Chemical Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI , USA
| | - Anna K Mapp
- Program in Chemical Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI , USA ; Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI , USA
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Program in Chemical Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI , USA ; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA , USA
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40
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Chu TT, Li QQ, Qiu T, Sun ZY, Hu ZW, Chen YX, Zhao YF, Li YM. Clearance of the intracellular high level of the tau protein directed by an artificial synthetic hydrolase. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2015; 10:3081-5. [PMID: 25308803 DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00508b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Promoting clearance of intracellular excessive tau is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating Alzheimer's disease. In this work, we designed and synthesized a cyclen-hybrid artificial 'hydrolase' I1-Cu(II) to cleave tau in vitro. Furthermore, a cell-permeable 'hydrolase' I2-Cu(II), derived from I1-Cu(II), was also synthesized to cleave intracellular tau proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Chu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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41
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Gunawardana CG, Mehrabian M, Wang X, Mueller I, Lubambo IB, Jonkman JEN, Wang H, Schmitt-Ulms G. The Human Tau Interactome: Binding to the Ribonucleoproteome, and Impaired Binding of the Proline-to-Leucine Mutant at Position 301 (P301L) to Chaperones and the Proteasome. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:3000-14. [PMID: 26269332 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.050724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The tau protein is central to the etiology of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, a subset of frontotemporal dementias, progressive supranuclear palsy and dementia following traumatic brain injury, yet the proteins it interacts with have not been studied using a systematic discovery approach. Here we employed mild in vivo crosslinking, isobaric labeling, and tandem mass spectrometry to characterize molecular interactions of human tau in a neuroblastoma cell model. The study revealed a robust association of tau with the ribonucleoproteome, including major protein complexes involved in RNA processing and translation, and documented binding of tau to several heat shock proteins, the proteasome and microtubule-associated proteins. Follow-up experiments determined the relative contribution of cellular RNA to the tau interactome and mapped interactions to N- or C-terminal tau domains. We further document that expression of P301L mutant tau disrupts interactions of the C-terminal half of tau with heat shock proteins and the proteasome. The data are consistent with a model whereby a higher propensity of P301L mutant tau to aggregate may reflect a perturbation of its chaperone-assisted stabilization and proteasome-dependent degradation. Finally, using a global proteomics approach, we show that heterologous expression of a tau construct that lacks the C-terminal domain, including the microtubule binding domain, does not cause a discernible shift of the proteome except for a significant direct correlation of steady-state levels of tau and cystatin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Geeth Gunawardana
- From the ‡Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Ontario M5T2S8, Canada
| | - Mohadeseh Mehrabian
- From the ‡Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Ontario M5T2S8, Canada; §Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Xinzhu Wang
- From the ‡Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Ontario M5T2S8, Canada; §Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Iris Mueller
- From the ‡Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Ontario M5T2S8, Canada
| | - Isabela B Lubambo
- From the ‡Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Ontario M5T2S8, Canada
| | - James E N Jonkman
- ¶Advanced Optical Microscopy Facility, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Hansen Wang
- From the ‡Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Ontario M5T2S8, Canada
| | - Gerold Schmitt-Ulms
- From the ‡Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Ontario M5T2S8, Canada; §Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S1A8, Canada;
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42
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Fontaine SN, Rauch JN, Nordhues BA, Assimon VA, Stothert AR, Jinwal UK, Sabbagh JJ, Chang L, Stevens SM, Zuiderweg ERP, Gestwicki JE, Dickey CA. Isoform-selective Genetic Inhibition of Constitutive Cytosolic Hsp70 Activity Promotes Client Tau Degradation Using an Altered Co-chaperone Complement. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:13115-27. [PMID: 25864199 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.637595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The constitutively expressed heat shock protein 70 kDa (Hsc70) is a major chaperone protein responsible for maintaining proteostasis, yet how its structure translates into functional decisions regarding client fate is still unclear. We previously showed that Hsc70 preserved aberrant Tau, but it remained unknown if selective inhibition of the activity of this Hsp70 isoform could facilitate Tau clearance. Using single point mutations in the nucleotide binding domain, we assessed the effect of several mutations on the functions of human Hsc70. Biochemical characterization revealed that one mutation abolished both Hsc70 ATPase and refolding activities. This variant resembled the ADP-bound conformer at all times yet remained able to interact with cofactors, nucleotides, and substrates appropriately, resembling a dominant negative Hsc70 (DN-Hsc70). We then assessed the effects of this DN-Hsc70 on its client Tau. DN-Hsc70 potently facilitated Tau clearance via the proteasome in cells and brain tissue, in contrast to wild type Hsc70 that stabilized Tau. Thus, DN-Hsc70 mimics the action of small molecule pan Hsp70 inhibitors with regard to Tau metabolism. This shift in Hsc70 function by a single point mutation was the result of a change in the chaperome associated with Hsc70 such that DN-Hsc70 associated more with Hsp90 and DnaJ proteins, whereas wild type Hsc70 was more associated with other Hsp70 isoforms. Thus, isoform-selective targeting of Hsc70 could be a viable therapeutic strategy for tauopathies and possibly lead to new insights in chaperone complex biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Fontaine
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33613, James A. Haley Veteran's Hospital, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - Jennifer N Rauch
- Deparment of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, and
| | - Bryce A Nordhues
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33613, James A. Haley Veteran's Hospital, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - Victoria A Assimon
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, and
| | - Andrew R Stothert
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33613
| | - Umesh K Jinwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33613
| | - Jonathan J Sabbagh
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33613, James A. Haley Veteran's Hospital, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - Lyra Chang
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, and
| | - Stanley M Stevens
- Deparment of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620
| | - Erik R P Zuiderweg
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, and
| | - Chad A Dickey
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33613, James A. Haley Veteran's Hospital, Tampa, Florida 33612,
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43
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Abstract
For more than 300 years, the toxicity of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been known to mankind. However, this point of view is changing as an increased interest was observed in H2S biology in the last two decades. The scientific community has succeeded to unravel many important physiological and pathological effects of H2S on mammalian body systems. Thus, H2S is now referred to as a third endogenous gaseous mediator along with nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. Acting as a neuromodulator, H2S facilitates long-term potentiation and regulates intracellular calcium levels, which are important processes in learning and memory. Aberrant endogenous production and metabolism of H2S are implicated in pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Various H2S donors have shown beneficial therapeutic effects in neurodegenerative disease models by targeting hallmark pathological events (e.g., amyloid-β production in AD and neuroinflammation in PD). The results obtained from many in vivo studies clearly show that H2S not only prevents neuronal and synaptic deterioration but also improves deficits in memory, cognition, and learning. The anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic effects of H2S underlie its neuroprotective properties. In this chapter, we will overview the current understanding of H2S in context of neurodegenerative diseases, with special emphasis on its corrective effects on impaired learning, memory, and cognition.
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44
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Gerson JE, Castillo-Carranza DL, Kayed R. Advances in therapeutics for neurodegenerative tauopathies: moving toward the specific targeting of the most toxic tau species. ACS Chem Neurosci 2014; 5:752-69. [PMID: 25075869 DOI: 10.1021/cn500143n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease is one of the greatest health concerns today and with no effective treatment in sight, it is crucial that researchers find a safe and successful therapeutic. While neurofibrillary tangles are considered the primary tauopathy hallmark, more evidence continues to come to light to suggest that soluble, intermediate tau aggregates--tau oligomers--are the most toxic species in disease. These intermediate tau species may also be responsible for the spread of pathology, suggesting that oligomeric tau may be the best therapeutic target. Here, we summarize results for the modulation of tau by molecular chaperones, small molecules and aggregation inhibitors, post-translational modifications, immunotherapy, other techniques, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E. Gerson
- Department
of Neurology, George and Cynthia Mitchell
Center for Alzheimer’s Disease Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Diana L. Castillo-Carranza
- Department
of Neurology, George and Cynthia Mitchell
Center for Alzheimer’s Disease Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Rakez Kayed
- Department
of Neurology, George and Cynthia Mitchell
Center for Alzheimer’s Disease Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
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45
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Selenica MLB, Davtyan H, Housley SB, Blair LJ, Gillies A, Nordhues BA, Zhang B, Liu J, Gestwicki JE, Lee DC, Gordon MN, Morgan D, Dickey CA. Epitope analysis following active immunization with tau proteins reveals immunogens implicated in tau pathogenesis. J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:152. [PMID: 25183004 PMCID: PMC4167523 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-014-0152-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal tau hyperphosphorylation and its accumulation into intra-neuronal neurofibrillary tangles are linked to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease and similar tauopathies. One strategy to reduce accumulation is through immunization, but the most immunogenic tau epitopes have so far remained unknown. To fill this gap, we immunized mice with recombinant tau to build a map of the most immunogenic tau epitopes. METHODS Non-transgenic and rTg4510 tau transgenic mice aged 5 months were immunized with either human wild-type tau (Wt, 4R0N) or P301L tau (4R0N). Each protein was formulated in Quil A adjuvant. Sera and splenocytes of vaccinated mice were collected to assess the humoral and cellular immune responses to tau. We employed a peptide array assay to identify the most effective epitopes. Brain histology was utilized to measure the effects of vaccination on tau pathology and inflammation. RESULTS Humoral immune responses following immunization demonstrated robust antibody titers (up to 1:80,000 endpoint titers) to each tau species in both mice models. The number of IFN-γ producing T cells and their proliferation were also increased in splenocytes from immunized mice, indicating an increased cellular immune response, and tau levels and neuroinflammation were both reduced. We identified five immunogenic motifs within either the N-terminal (9-15 and 21-27 amino acids), proline rich (168-174 and 220-228 amino acids), or the C-terminal regions (427-438 amino acids) of the wild-type and P301L tau protein sequence. CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies five previously unknown immunogenic motifs of wild-type and mutated (P301L) tau protein. Immunization with both proteins resulted in reduced tau pathology and neuroinflammation in a tau transgenic model, supporting the efficacy of tau immunotherapy in tauopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maj-Linda B Selenica
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
- />USF Health, Byrd Alzheimer Institute, 4001 E. Fowler Avenue, MDC 36, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Hayk Davtyan
- />Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, 16371 Gothard Street, H, Huntington Beach, CA 92647 USA
- />Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, 2642 Biological Sciences III, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Steven B Housley
- />USF Health, Byrd Alzheimer Institute, 4001 E. Fowler Avenue, MDC 36, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- />Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Laura J Blair
- />USF Health, Byrd Alzheimer Institute, 4001 E. Fowler Avenue, MDC 36, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- />Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fowler Avenue, MDC 36, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Anne Gillies
- />Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Bryce A Nordhues
- />USF Health, Byrd Alzheimer Institute, 4001 E. Fowler Avenue, MDC 36, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- />Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fowler Avenue, MDC 36, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- />USF Health, Byrd Alzheimer Institute, 4001 E. Fowler Avenue, MDC 36, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- />Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fowler Avenue, MDC 36, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Joseph Liu
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
- />USF Health, Byrd Alzheimer Institute, 4001 E. Fowler Avenue, MDC 36, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- />Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Daniel C Lee
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
- />USF Health, Byrd Alzheimer Institute, 4001 E. Fowler Avenue, MDC 36, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Marcia N Gordon
- />USF Health, Byrd Alzheimer Institute, 4001 E. Fowler Avenue, MDC 36, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- />Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Dave Morgan
- />USF Health, Byrd Alzheimer Institute, 4001 E. Fowler Avenue, MDC 36, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- />Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Chad A Dickey
- />USF Health, Byrd Alzheimer Institute, 4001 E. Fowler Avenue, MDC 36, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- />Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fowler Avenue, MDC 36, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
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Theillet FX, Binolfi A, Frembgen-Kesner T, Hingorani K, Sarkar M, Kyne C, Li C, Crowley PB, Gierasch L, Pielak GJ, Elcock AH, Gershenson A, Selenko P. Physicochemical properties of cells and their effects on intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). Chem Rev 2014; 114:6661-714. [PMID: 24901537 PMCID: PMC4095937 DOI: 10.1021/cr400695p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francois-Xavier Theillet
- Department
of NMR-supported Structural Biology, In-cell NMR Laboratory, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP Berlin), Robert-Roessle Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andres Binolfi
- Department
of NMR-supported Structural Biology, In-cell NMR Laboratory, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP Berlin), Robert-Roessle Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tamara Frembgen-Kesner
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Bowen Science Building, 51 Newton
Road, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Karan Hingorani
- Departments
of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Chemistry, Program in
Molecular & Cellular Biology, University
of Massachusetts, Amherst, 240 Thatcher Way, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Mohona Sarkar
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger
Comprehensive Cancer Center, University
of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Ciara Kyne
- School
of Chemistry, National University of Ireland,
Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Conggang Li
- Key Laboratory
of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory
of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Center
for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, P.R. China
| | - Peter B. Crowley
- School
of Chemistry, National University of Ireland,
Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Lila Gierasch
- Departments
of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Chemistry, Program in
Molecular & Cellular Biology, University
of Massachusetts, Amherst, 240 Thatcher Way, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Gary J. Pielak
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger
Comprehensive Cancer Center, University
of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Adrian H. Elcock
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Bowen Science Building, 51 Newton
Road, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Anne Gershenson
- Departments
of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Chemistry, Program in
Molecular & Cellular Biology, University
of Massachusetts, Amherst, 240 Thatcher Way, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Philipp Selenko
- Department
of NMR-supported Structural Biology, In-cell NMR Laboratory, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP Berlin), Robert-Roessle Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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47
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S-Nitrosylation in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:268-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8672-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Karagöz GE, Duarte AMS, Akoury E, Ippel H, Biernat J, Morán Luengo T, Radli M, Didenko T, Nordhues BA, Veprintsev DB, Dickey CA, Mandelkow E, Zweckstetter M, Boelens R, Madl T, Rüdiger SGD. Hsp90-Tau complex reveals molecular basis for specificity in chaperone action. Cell 2014; 156:963-74. [PMID: 24581495 PMCID: PMC4263503 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein folding in the cell relies on the orchestrated action of conserved families of molecular chaperones, the Hsp70 and Hsp90 systems. Hsp70 acts early and Hsp90 late in the folding path, yet the molecular basis of this timing is enigmatic, mainly because the substrate specificity of Hsp90 is poorly understood. Here, we obtained a structural model of Hsp90 in complex with its natural disease-associated substrate, the intrinsically disordered Tau protein. Hsp90 binds to a broad region in Tau that includes the aggregation-prone repeats. Complementarily, a 106-Å-long substrate-binding interface in Hsp90 enables many low-affinity contacts. This allows recognition of scattered hydrophobic residues in late folding intermediates that remain after early burial of the Hsp70 sites. Our model resolves the paradox of how Hsp90 specifically selects for late folding intermediates but also for some intrinsically disordered proteins-through the eyes of Hsp90 they look the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Elif Karagöz
- Cellular Protein Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Afonso M S Duarte
- Cellular Protein Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Elias Akoury
- Department for NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hans Ippel
- Biomolecular NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Biochemistry Group, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacek Biernat
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Tania Morán Luengo
- Cellular Protein Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Radli
- Cellular Protein Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tatiana Didenko
- Cellular Protein Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bryce A Nordhues
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Dmitry B Veprintsev
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland and Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Chad A Dickey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Eckhard Mandelkow
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175 Bonn, Germany; CAESAR Research Center, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus Zweckstetter
- Department for NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), University Medical Center, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rolf Boelens
- Biomolecular NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Madl
- Biomolecular NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Neuherberg and Biomolecular NMR-Spectroscopy, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany; Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Stefan G D Rüdiger
- Cellular Protein Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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49
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Rauch JN, Gestwicki JE. Binding of human nucleotide exchange factors to heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) generates functionally distinct complexes in vitro. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:1402-14. [PMID: 24318877 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.521997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins with Bcl2-associated anthanogene (BAG) domains act as nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs) for the molecular chaperone heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70). There are six BAG family NEFs in humans, and each is thought to link Hsp70 to a distinct cellular pathway. However, little is known about how the NEFs compete for binding to Hsp70 or how they might differentially shape its biochemical activities. Toward these questions, we measured the binding of human Hsp72 (HSPA1A) to BAG1, BAG2, BAG3, and the unrelated NEF Hsp105. These studies revealed a clear hierarchy of affinities: BAG3 > BAG1 > Hsp105 ≫ BAG2. All of the NEFs competed for binding to Hsp70, and their relative affinity values predicted their potency in nucleotide and peptide release assays. Finally, we combined the Hsp70-NEF pairs with cochaperones of the J protein family (DnaJA1, DnaJA2, DnaJB1, and DnaJB4) to generate 16 permutations. The activity of the combinations in ATPase and luciferase refolding assays were dependent on the identity and stoichiometry of both the J protein and NEF so that some combinations were potent chaperones, whereas others were inactive. Given the number and diversity of cochaperones in mammals, it is likely that combinatorial assembly could generate a large number of distinct permutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Rauch
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Pathology and the Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 and
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50
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Potential synergy between tau aggregation inhibitors and tau chaperone modulators. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2013; 5:41. [PMID: 24041111 PMCID: PMC3979086 DOI: 10.1186/alzrt207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tau is a soluble, microtubule-associated protein known to aberrantly form
amyloid-positive aggregates. This pathology is characteristic for more than 15
neuropathies, the most common of which is Alzheimer’s disease. Finding
therapeutics to reverse or remove this non-native tau state is of great
interest; however, at this time only one drug is entering phase III clinical
trials for treating tauopathies. Generally, tau manipulation by therapeutics can
either directly or indirectly alter tau aggregation and stability. Drugs that
bind and change the conformation of tau itself are largely classified as
aggregation inhibitors, while drugs that alter the activity of a tau-effector
protein fall into several categories, such as kinase inhibitors, microtubule
stabilizers, or chaperone modulators. Chaperone inhibitors that have proven
effective in tau models include heat shock protein 90 inhibitors, heat shock
protein 70 inhibitors and activators, as well as inducers of heat shock
proteins. While many of these compounds can alter tau levels and/or aggregation
states, it is possible that combining these approaches may produce the most
optimal outcome. However, because many of these compounds have multiple
off-target effects or poor blood–brain barrier permeability, the
development of this synergistic therapeutic strategy presents significant
challenges. This review will summarize many of the drugs that have been
identified to alter tau biology, with special focus on therapeutics that prevent
tau aggregation and regulate chaperone-mediated clearance of tau.
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