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Pena E, San Martin-Salamanca R, El Alam S, Flores K, Arriaza K. Tau Protein Alterations Induced by Hypobaric Hypoxia Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:889. [PMID: 38255962 PMCID: PMC10815386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Tauopathies are a group of neurodegenerative diseases whose central feature is dysfunction of the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT). Although the exact etiology of tauopathies is still unknown, it has been hypothesized that their onset may occur up to twenty years before the clear emergence of symptoms, which has led to questions about whether the prognosis of these diseases can be improved by, for instance, targeting the factors that influence tauopathy development. One such factor is hypoxia, which is strongly linked to Alzheimer's disease because of its association with obstructive sleep apnea and has been reported to affect molecular pathways related to the dysfunction and aggregation of tau proteins and other biomarkers of neurological damage. In particular, hypobaric hypoxia exposure increases the activation of several kinases related to the hyperphosphorylation of tau in neuronal cells, such as ERK, GSK3β, and CDK5. In addition, hypoxia also increases the levels of inflammatory molecules (IL-β1, IL-6, and TNF-α), which are also associated with neurodegeneration. This review discusses the many remaining questions regarding the influence of hypoxia on tauopathies and the contribution of high-altitude exposure to the development of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samia El Alam
- High Altitude Medicine Research Center (CEIMA), Arturo Prat University, Iquique 1110939, Chile; (E.P.); (R.S.M.-S.); (K.F.); (K.A.)
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Ayoub CA, Wagner CS, Kuret J. Identification of gene networks mediating regional resistance to tauopathy in late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010681. [PMID: 36972319 PMCID: PMC10079065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurofibrillary lesions composed of tau protein aggregates are defining hallmarks of Alzheimer’s Disease. Despite tau filaments appearing to spread between networked brain regions in a prion-like manner, certain areas including cerebellum resist trans-synaptic spread of tauopathy and degeneration of their constituent neuronal cell bodies. To identify molecular correlates of resistance, we derived and implemented a ratio of ratios approach for disaggregating gene expression data on the basis of regional vulnerability to tauopathic neurodegeneration. When applied to vulnerable pre-frontal cortex as an internal reference for resistant cerebellum, the approach segregated adaptive changes in expression into two components. The first was enriched for neuron-derived transcripts associated with proteostasis including specific members of the molecular chaperone family and was unique to resistant cerebellum. When produced as purified proteins, each of the identified chaperones depressed aggregation of 2N4R tau in vitro at sub-stoichiometric concentrations, consistent with the expression polarity deduced from ratio of ratios testing. In contrast, the second component enriched for glia- and microglia-derived transcripts associated with neuroinflammation, segregating these pathways from susceptibility to tauopathy. These data support the utility of ratio of ratios testing for establishing the polarity of gene expression changes with respect to selective vulnerability. The approach has the potential to identify new targets for drug discovery predicated on their ability to promote resistance to disease in vulnerable neuron populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Ayoub
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CAA); (JK)
| | - Connor S. Wagner
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jeff Kuret
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CAA); (JK)
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Walker A, Chapin B, Abisambra J, DeKosky ST. Association between single moderate to severe traumatic brain injury and long-term tauopathy in humans and preclinical animal models: a systematic narrative review of the literature. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:13. [PMID: 35101132 PMCID: PMC8805270 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01311-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The initiation, anatomic pattern, and extent of tau spread in traumatic brain injury (TBI), and the mechanism by which TBI leads to long-term tau pathology, remain controversial. Some studies suggest that moderate to severe TBI is sufficient to promote tau pathology; however, others suggest that it is simply a consequence of aging. We therefore conducted a systematic narrative review of the literature addressing whether a single moderate to severe head injury leads to long-term development of tauopathy in both humans and animal models. METHODS Studies considered for inclusion in this review assessed a single moderate to severe TBI, assessed tau pathology at long-term timepoints post-injury, comprised experimental or observational studies, and were peer-reviewed and published in English. Databases searched included: PUBMED, NCBI-PMC, EMBASE, Web of Science, Academic Search Premiere, and APA Psychnet. Search results were uploaded to Covidence®, duplicates were removed, and articles underwent an abstract and full-text screening process. Data were then extracted and articles assessed for risk of bias. FINDINGS Of 4,150 studies screened, 26 were eligible for inclusion, of which 17 were human studies, 8 were preclinical animal studies, and 1 included both human and preclinical animal studies. Most studies had low to moderate risk of bias. Most human and animal studies (n = 12 and 9, respectively) suggested that a single moderate to severe TBI resulted in greater development of long-term tauopathy compared to no history of head injury. This conclusion should be interpreted with caution, however, due to several limitations: small sample sizes; inconsistencies in controlling for confounding factors that may have affected tau pathology (e.g., family history of dementia or neurological illnesses, apolipoprotein E genotype, etc.), inclusion of mostly males, and variation in reporting injury parameters. INTERPRETATION Results indicate that a single moderate to severe TBI leads to greater chronic development of tauopathy compared to no history of head injury. This implies that tau pathology induced may not be transient, but can progressively develop over time in both humans and animal models. Targeting these tau changes for therapeutic intervention should be further explored to elucidate if disease progression can be reversed or mitigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Walker
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Ben Chapin
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Jose Abisambra
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Brain Injury, Rehabilitation, and Neuroresilience (BRAIN) Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - Steven T DeKosky
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Brain Injury, Rehabilitation, and Neuroresilience (BRAIN) Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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Rodriguez Ospina S, Blazier DM, Criado-Marrero M, Gould LA, Gebru NT, Beaulieu-Abdelahad D, Wang X, Remily-Wood E, Chaput D, Stevens S, Uversky VN, Bickford PC, Dickey CA, Blair LJ. Small Heat Shock Protein 22 Improves Cognition and Learning in the Tauopathic Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020851. [PMID: 35055033 PMCID: PMC8775832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The microtubule-associated protein tau pathologically accumulates and aggregates in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies, leading to cognitive dysfunction and neuronal loss. Molecular chaperones, like small heat-shock proteins (sHsps), can help deter the accumulation of misfolded proteins, such as tau. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the overexpression of wild-type Hsp22 (wtHsp22) and its phosphomimetic (S24,57D) Hsp22 mutant (mtHsp22) could slow tau accumulation and preserve memory in a murine model of tauopathy, rTg4510. Our results show that Hsp22 protected against deficits in synaptic plasticity and cognition in the tauopathic brain. However, we did not detect a significant change in tau phosphorylation or levels in these mice. This led us to hypothesize that the functional benefit was realized through the restoration of dysfunctional pathways in hippocampi of tau transgenic mice since no significant benefit was measured in non-transgenic mice expressing wtHsp22 or mtHsp22. To identify these pathways, we performed mass spectrometry of tissue lysates from the injection site. Overall, our data reveal that Hsp22 overexpression in neurons promotes synaptic plasticity by regulating canonical pathways and upstream regulators that have been characterized as potential AD markers and synaptogenesis regulators, like EIF4E and NFKBIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Rodriguez Ospina
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA; (S.R.O.); (D.M.B.); (M.C.-M.); (L.A.G.); (N.T.G.); (D.B.-A.); (X.W.); (V.N.U.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Danielle M. Blazier
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA; (S.R.O.); (D.M.B.); (M.C.-M.); (L.A.G.); (N.T.G.); (D.B.-A.); (X.W.); (V.N.U.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Marangelie Criado-Marrero
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA; (S.R.O.); (D.M.B.); (M.C.-M.); (L.A.G.); (N.T.G.); (D.B.-A.); (X.W.); (V.N.U.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Lauren A. Gould
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA; (S.R.O.); (D.M.B.); (M.C.-M.); (L.A.G.); (N.T.G.); (D.B.-A.); (X.W.); (V.N.U.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Niat T. Gebru
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA; (S.R.O.); (D.M.B.); (M.C.-M.); (L.A.G.); (N.T.G.); (D.B.-A.); (X.W.); (V.N.U.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - David Beaulieu-Abdelahad
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA; (S.R.O.); (D.M.B.); (M.C.-M.); (L.A.G.); (N.T.G.); (D.B.-A.); (X.W.); (V.N.U.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Xinming Wang
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA; (S.R.O.); (D.M.B.); (M.C.-M.); (L.A.G.); (N.T.G.); (D.B.-A.); (X.W.); (V.N.U.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Elizabeth Remily-Wood
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Dale Chaput
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (D.C.); (S.S.Jr.)
| | - Stanley Stevens
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (D.C.); (S.S.Jr.)
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA; (S.R.O.); (D.M.B.); (M.C.-M.); (L.A.G.); (N.T.G.); (D.B.-A.); (X.W.); (V.N.U.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
- Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy Pereulok, 9, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Paula C. Bickford
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
- Research Service, James A. Haley Veterans’ Hospital, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Chad A. Dickey
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA; (S.R.O.); (D.M.B.); (M.C.-M.); (L.A.G.); (N.T.G.); (D.B.-A.); (X.W.); (V.N.U.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Laura J. Blair
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA; (S.R.O.); (D.M.B.); (M.C.-M.); (L.A.G.); (N.T.G.); (D.B.-A.); (X.W.); (V.N.U.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
- Research Service, James A. Haley Veterans’ Hospital, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-813-369-0639
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Andrés-Benito P, Carmona M, Jordán M, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Santamaría E, del Rio JA, Ferrer I. Host Tau Genotype Specifically Designs and Regulates Tau Seeding and Spreading and Host Tau Transformation Following Intrahippocampal Injection of Identical Tau AD Inoculum. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020718. [PMID: 35054902 PMCID: PMC8775896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated the different characteristics of tau seeding and spreading following intracerebral inoculation in murine models of tau-enriched fractions of brain homogenates from AD and other tauopathies. The present study is centered on the importance of host tau in tau seeding and the molecular changes associated with the transformation of host tau into abnormal tau. The brains of three adult murine genotypes expressing different forms of tau—WT (murine 4Rtau), hTau (homozygous transgenic mice knock-out for murine tau protein and heterozygous expressing human forms of 3Rtau and 4Rtau proteins), and mtWT (homozygous transgenic mice knock-out for murine tau protein)—were analyzed following unilateral hippocampal inoculation of sarkosyl-insoluble tau fractions from the same AD and control cases. The present study reveals that (a) host tau is mandatory for tau seeding and spreading following tau inoculation from sarkosyl-insoluble fractions obtained from AD brains; (b) tau seeding does not occur following intracerebral inoculation of sarkosyl-insoluble fractions from controls; (c) tau seeding and spreading are characterized by variable genotype-dependent tau phosphorylation and tau nitration, MAP2 phosphorylation, and variable activation of kinases that co-localize with abnormal tau deposits; (d) transformation of host tau into abnormal tau is an active process associated with the activation of specific kinases; (e) tau seeding is accompanied by modifications in tau splicing, resulting in the expression of new 3Rtau and 4Rtau isoforms, thus indicating that inoculated tau seeds have the capacity to model exon 10 splicing of the host mapt or MAPT with a genotype-dependent pattern; (e) selective regional and cellular vulnerabilities, and different molecular compositions of the deposits, are dependent on the host tau of mice injected with identical AD tau inocula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pol Andrés-Benito
- Neuropathology Group, Institute of Biomedical Research, IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (P.A.-B.); (M.C.)
- CIBERNED (Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Institute of Health Carlos III, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (M.J.); (J.A.d.R.)
| | - Margarita Carmona
- Neuropathology Group, Institute of Biomedical Research, IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (P.A.-B.); (M.C.)
- CIBERNED (Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Institute of Health Carlos III, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (M.J.); (J.A.d.R.)
| | - Mónica Jordán
- CIBERNED (Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Institute of Health Carlos III, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (M.J.); (J.A.d.R.)
| | - Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Proteored-ISCIII, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), diSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.F.-I.); (E.S.)
| | - Enrique Santamaría
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Proteored-ISCIII, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), diSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.F.-I.); (E.S.)
| | - José Antoni del Rio
- CIBERNED (Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Institute of Health Carlos III, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (M.J.); (J.A.d.R.)
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Science Park Barcelona (PCB), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- Neuropathology Group, Institute of Biomedical Research, IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (P.A.-B.); (M.C.)
- CIBERNED (Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Institute of Health Carlos III, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (M.J.); (J.A.d.R.)
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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6
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Sinsky J, Pichlerova K, Hanes J. Tau Protein Interaction Partners and Their Roles in Alzheimer's Disease and Other Tauopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9207. [PMID: 34502116 PMCID: PMC8431036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau protein plays a critical role in the assembly, stabilization, and modulation of microtubules, which are important for the normal function of neurons and the brain. In diseased conditions, several pathological modifications of tau protein manifest. These changes lead to tau protein aggregation and the formation of paired helical filaments (PHF) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), which are common hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. The accumulation of PHFs and NFTs results in impairment of physiological functions, apoptosis, and neuronal loss, which is reflected as cognitive impairment, and in the late stages of the disease, leads to death. The causes of this pathological transformation of tau protein haven't been fully understood yet. In both physiological and pathological conditions, tau interacts with several proteins which maintain their proper function or can participate in their pathological modifications. Interaction partners of tau protein and associated molecular pathways can either initiate and drive the tau pathology or can act neuroprotective, by reducing pathological tau proteins or inflammation. In this review, we focus on the tau as a multifunctional protein and its known interacting partners active in regulations of different processes and the roles of these proteins in Alzheimer's disease and tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jozef Hanes
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia; (J.S.); (K.P.)
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Ebeid MA, Habib MZ, Mohamed AM, Faramawy YE, Saad SST, El-Kharashi OA, El Magdoub HM, Abd-Alkhalek HA, Aboul-Fotouh S, Abdel-Tawab AM. Cognitive effects of the GSK-3 inhibitor "lithium" in LPS/chronic mild stress rat model of depression: Hippocampal and cortical neuroinflammation and tauopathy. Neurotoxicology 2021; 83:77-88. [PMID: 33417987 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Low-dose repeated lipopolysaccharide pre-challenge followed by chronic mild stress (LPS/CMS) protocol has been introduced as a rodent model of depression combining the roles of immune activation and chronic psychological stress. However, the impact of this paradigm on cognitive functioning has not been investigated hitherto. METHODS This study evaluated LPS/CMS-induced cognitive effects and the role of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) activation with subsequent neuroinflammation and pathological tau deposition in the pathogenesis of these effects using lithium (Li) as a tool for GSK-3 inhibition. RESULTS LPS pre-challenge reduced CMS-induced neuroinflammation, depressive-like behavior and cognitive inflexibility. It also improved spatial learning but increased GSK-3β expression and exaggerated hyperphosphorylated tau accumulation in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Li ameliorated CMS and LPS/CMS-induced depressive and cognitive deficits, reduced GSK-3β over-expression and tau hyperphosphorylation, impeded neuroinflammation and enhanced neuronal survival. CONCLUSION This study draws attention to LPS/CMS-triggered cognitive changes and highlights how prior low-dose immune challenge could develop an adaptive capacity to buffer inflammatory damage and maintain the cognitive abilities necessary to withstand threats. This work also underscores the favorable effect of Li (as a GSK-3β inhibitor) in impeding exaggerated tauopathy and neuroinflammation, rescuing neuronal survival and preserving cognitive functions. Yet, further in-depth studies utilizing different low-dose LPS challenge schedules are needed to elucidate the complex interactions between immune activation and chronic stress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai A Ebeid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Z Habib
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasser El Faramawy
- Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherin S T Saad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omnyah A El-Kharashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hekmat M El Magdoub
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hadwa A Abd-Alkhalek
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sawsan Aboul-Fotouh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abdel-Tawab
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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8
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Alosco ML, Cherry JD, Huber BR, Tripodis Y, Baucom Z, Kowall NW, Saltiel N, Goldstein LE, Katz DI, Dwyer B, Daneshvar DH, Palmisano JN, Martin B, Cantu RC, Stern RA, Alvarez VE, Mez J, Stein TD, McKee AC. Characterizing tau deposition in chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE): utility of the McKee CTE staging scheme. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 140:495-512. [PMID: 32778942 PMCID: PMC7914059 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a tauopathy associated with repetitive head impacts (RHI) that has been neuropathologically diagnosed in American football players and other contact sport athletes. In 2013, McKee and colleagues proposed a staging scheme for characterizing the severity of the hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) pathology, the McKee CTE staging scheme. The staging scheme defined four pathological stages of CTE, stages I(mild)-IV(severe), based on the density and regional deposition of p-tau. The objective of this study was to test the utility of the McKee CTE staging scheme, and provide a detailed examination of the regional distribution of p-tau in CTE. We examined the relationship between the McKee CTE staging scheme and semi-quantitative and quantitative assessments of regional p-tau pathology, age at death, dementia, and years of American football play among 366 male brain donors neuropathologically diagnosed with CTE (mean age 61.86, SD 18.90). Spearman's rho correlations showed that higher CTE stage was associated with higher scores on all semi-quantitative and quantitative assessments of p-tau severity and density (p's < 0.001). The severity and distribution of CTE p-tau followed an age-dependent progression: older age was associated with increased odds for having a higher CTE stage (p < 0.001). CTE stage was independently associated with increased odds for dementia (p < 0.001). K-medoids cluster analysis of the semi-quantitative scales of p-tau across 14 regions identified 5 clusters of p-tau that conformed to increasing CTE stage (stage IV had 2 slightly different clusters), age at death, dementia, and years of American football play. There was a predilection for p-tau pathology in five regions: dorsolateral frontal cortex (DLF), superior temporal cortex, entorhinal cortex, amygdala, and locus coeruleus (LC), with CTE in the youngest brain donors and lowest CTE stage restricted to DLF and LC. These findings support the usefulness of the McKee CTE staging scheme and demonstrate the regional distribution of p-tau in CTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Alosco
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Jonathan D Cherry
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, Jamaica Plain, MA, USA
| | - Bertrand Russell Huber
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, Jamaica Plain, MA, USA
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare, Boston, USA
| | - Yorghos Tripodis
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Zachary Baucom
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Neil W Kowall
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, Jamaica Plain, MA, USA
| | - Nicole Saltiel
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Lee E Goldstein
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University College of Engineering, Boston, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University College of Engineering, Boston, USA
| | - Douglas I Katz
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
- Braintree Rehabilitation Hospital, Braintree, MA, USA
| | - Brigid Dwyer
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
- Braintree Rehabilitation Hospital, Braintree, MA, USA
| | - Daniel H Daneshvar
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Joseph N Palmisano
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Brett Martin
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Robert C Cantu
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
- Concussion Legacy Foundation, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emerson Hospital, Concord, USA
| | - Robert A Stern
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Victor E Alvarez
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, Jamaica Plain, MA, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bedford, MA, USA
| | - Jesse Mez
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Thor D Stein
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, Jamaica Plain, MA, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bedford, MA, USA
| | - Ann C McKee
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA.
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA.
- VA Boston Healthcare System, U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, Jamaica Plain, MA, USA.
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bedford, MA, USA.
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9
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Back DB, Choi BR, Han JS, Kwon KJ, Choi DH, Shin CY, Lee J, Kim HY. Characterization of Tauopathy in a Rat Model of Post-Stroke Dementia Combining Acute Infarct and Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186929. [PMID: 32967251 PMCID: PMC7555397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-stroke dementia (PSD) is a major neurodegenerative consequence of stroke. Tauopathy has been reported in diverse neurodegenerative diseases. We investigated the cognitive impairment and pathomechanism associated with tauopathy in a rat model of PSD by modeling acute ischemic stroke and underlying chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). We performed middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery in rats to mimic acute ischemic stroke, followed by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAo) surgery to mimic CCH. We performed behavioral tests and focused on the characterization of tauopathy through histology. Parenchymal infiltration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tracers after intracisternal injection was examined to evaluate glymphatic function. In an animal model of PSD, cognitive impairment was aggravated when BCCAo was combined with MCAO. Tauopathy, manifested by tau hyperphosphorylation, was prominent in the peri-infarct area when CCH was combined. Synergistic accentuation of tauopathy was evident in the white matter. Microtubules in the neuronal axon and myelin sheath showed partial colocalization with the hyperphosphorylated tau, whereas oligodendrocytes showed near-complete colocalization. Parenchymal infiltration of CSF tracers was attenuated in the PSD model. Our experimental results suggest a hypothesis that CCH may aggravate cognitive impairment and tau hyperphosphorylation in a rat model of PSD by interfering with tau clearance through the glymphatic system. Therapeutic strategies to improve the clearance of brain metabolic wastes, including tau, may be a promising approach to prevent PSD after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Bin Back
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Korea; (D.B.B.); (B.-R.C.); (K.J.K.)
| | - Bo-Ryoung Choi
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Korea; (D.B.B.); (B.-R.C.); (K.J.K.)
| | - Jung-Soo Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Kyoung Ja Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Korea; (D.B.B.); (B.-R.C.); (K.J.K.)
- Department of Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Dong-Hee Choi
- Department of Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Chan Young Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Jongmin Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Hahn Young Kim
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Korea; (D.B.B.); (B.-R.C.); (K.J.K.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +82-2-2030-7563
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10
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Weng CC, Hsiao IT, Yang QF, Yao CH, Tai CY, Wu MF, Yen TC, Jang MK, Lin KJ. Characterization of 18F-PM-PBB3 ( 18F-APN-1607) Uptake in the rTg4510 Mouse Model of Tauopathy. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071750. [PMID: 32290239 PMCID: PMC7181044 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Misfolding, aggregation, and cerebral accumulation of tau deposits are hallmark features of Alzheimer’s disease. Positron emission tomography study of tau can facilitate the development of anti-tau treatment. Here, we investigated a novel tau tracer 18F-PM-PBB3 (18F-APN-1607) in a mouse model of tauopathy. Dynamic PET scans were collected in groups of rTg4510 transgenic mice at 2–11 months of age. Associations between distribution volume ratios (DVR) and standardized uptake value ratios (SUVR) with cerebellum reference were used to determine the optimal scanning time and uptake pattern for each age. Immunohistochemistry staining of neurofibrillary tangles and autoradiography study was performed for ex vivo validation. An SUVR 40–70 min was most consistently correlated with DVR and was used in further analyses. Significant increased 18F-PM-PBB3 uptake in the brain cortex was found in six-month-old mice (+28.9%, p < 0.05), and increased further in the nine-month-old group (+38.8%, p < 0.01). The trend of increased SUVR value remained evident in the hippocampus and striatum regions except for cortex where uptake becomes slightly reduced in 11-month-old animals (+37.3%, p < 0.05). Radioactivity distributions from autoradiography correlate well to the presence of human tau (HT7 antibody) and hyperphosphorylated tau (antibody AT8) from the immunohistochemistry study of the adjacent brain sections. These findings supported that the 40–70 min 18F-PM-PBB3 PET scan with SUVR measurement can detect significantly increased tau deposits in a living rTg4510 transgenic mouse models as early as six-months-old. The result exhibited promising dynamic imaging capability of this novel tau tracer, and the above image characteristics should be considered in the design of longitudinal preclinical tau image studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chang Weng
- HARC and Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.C.-W.); (I.-T.H.); (Q.-F.Y.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Tsung Hsiao
- HARC and Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.C.-W.); (I.-T.H.); (Q.-F.Y.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Qing-Fang Yang
- HARC and Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.C.-W.); (I.-T.H.); (Q.-F.Y.)
| | - Cheng-Hsiang Yao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Yin Tai
- APRINOIA Therapeutics Inc., Taipei 11503, Taiwan; (C.-Y.T.); (M.-F.W.); (T.-C.Y.); (M.-K.J.)
| | - Meng-Fang Wu
- APRINOIA Therapeutics Inc., Taipei 11503, Taiwan; (C.-Y.T.); (M.-F.W.); (T.-C.Y.); (M.-K.J.)
| | - Tzu-Chen Yen
- APRINOIA Therapeutics Inc., Taipei 11503, Taiwan; (C.-Y.T.); (M.-F.W.); (T.-C.Y.); (M.-K.J.)
| | - Ming-Kuei Jang
- APRINOIA Therapeutics Inc., Taipei 11503, Taiwan; (C.-Y.T.); (M.-F.W.); (T.-C.Y.); (M.-K.J.)
| | - Kun-Ju Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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11
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Haque MM, Murale DP, Kim YK, Lee JS. Crosstalk between Oxidative Stress and Tauopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081959. [PMID: 31013607 PMCID: PMC6514575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tauopathy is a collective term for neurodegenerative diseases associated with pathological modifications of tau protein. Tau modifications are mediated by many factors. Recently, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have attracted attention due to their upstream and downstream effects on tauopathy. In physiological conditions, healthy cells generate a moderate level of ROS for self-defense against foreign invaders. Imbalances between ROS and the anti-oxidation pathway cause an accumulation of excessive ROS. There is clear evidence that ROS directly promotes tau modifications in tauopathy. ROS is also highly upregulated in the patients’ brain of tauopathies, and anti-oxidants are currently prescribed as potential therapeutic agents for tauopathy. Thus, there is a clear connection between oxidative stress (OS) and tauopathies that needs to be studied in more detail. In this review, we will describe the chemical nature of ROS and their roles in tauopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mamunul Haque
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea.
| | - Dhiraj P Murale
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea.
| | - Yun Kyung Kim
- Bio-Med Division, KIST-School UST, Seoul 02792, Korea.
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Brain Science Institute (BSI), Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea.
| | - Jun-Seok Lee
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea.
- Bio-Med Division, KIST-School UST, Seoul 02792, Korea.
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12
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Woo JAA, Liu T, Fang CC, Cazzaro S, Kee T, LePochat P, Yrigoin K, Penn C, Zhao X, Wang X, Liggett SB, Kang DE. Activated cofilin exacerbates tau pathology by impairing tau-mediated microtubule dynamics. Commun Biol 2019; 2:112. [PMID: 30911686 PMCID: PMC6430779 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0359-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia. While the accumulation of Aβ is pivotal to the etiology of AD, both the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) and the F-actin severing protein cofilin are necessary for the deleterious effects of Aβ. However, the molecular link between tau and cofilin remains unclear. In this study, we found that cofilin competes with tau for direct microtubule binding in vitro, in cells, and in vivo, which inhibits tau-induced microtubule assembly. Genetic reduction of cofilin mitigates tauopathy and synaptic defects in Tau-P301S mice and movement deficits in tau transgenic C. elegans. The pathogenic effects of cofilin are selectively mediated by activated cofilin, as active but not inactive cofilin selectively interacts with tubulin, destabilizes microtubules, and promotes tauopathy. These results therefore indicate that activated cofilin plays an essential intermediary role in neurotoxic signaling that promotes tauopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-A. A. Woo
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Tian Liu
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Cenxiao C. Fang
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Sara Cazzaro
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Teresa Kee
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Patrick LePochat
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Ksenia Yrigoin
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Courtney Penn
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Xingyu Zhao
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Xinming Wang
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Stephen B. Liggett
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - David E. Kang
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- James A. Haley Veteran’s Administration Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
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13
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Matsumoto G, Matsumoto K, Kimura T, Suhara T, Higuchi M, Sahara N, Mori N. Tau Fibril Formation in Cultured Cells Compatible with a Mouse Model of Tauopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051497. [PMID: 29772786 PMCID: PMC5983680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein are primarily neuropathological features of a number of neurodegenerative diseases collectively termed tauopathy. To understand the mechanisms underlying the cause of tauopathy, precise cellular and animal models are required. Recent data suggest that the transient introduction of exogenous tau can accelerate the development of tauopathy in the brains of non-transgenic and transgenic mice expressing wild-type human tau. However, the transmission mechanism leading to tauopathy is not fully understood. In this study, we developed cultured-cell models of tauopathy representing a human tauopathy. Neuro2a (N2a) cells containing propagative tau filaments were generated by introducing purified tau fibrils. These cell lines expressed full-length (2N4R) human tau and the green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fused repeat domain of tau with P301L mutation. Immunocytochemistry and super-resolution microscopic imaging revealed that tau inclusions exhibited filamentous morphology and were composed of both full-length and repeat domain fragment tau. Live-cell imaging analysis revealed that filamentous tau inclusions are transmitted to daughter cells, resulting in yeast-prion-like propagation. By a standard method of tau preparation, both full-length tau and repeat domain fragments were recovered in sarkosyl insoluble fraction. Hyperphosphorylation of full-length tau was confirmed by the immunoreactivity of phospho-Tau antibodies and mobility shifts by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). These properties were similar to the biochemical features of P301L mutated human tau in a mouse model of tauopathy. In addition, filamentous tau aggregates in cells barely co-localized with ubiquitins, suggesting that most tau aggregates were excluded from protein degradation systems, and thus propagated to daughter cells. The present cellular model of tauopathy will provide an advantage for dissecting the mechanisms of tau aggregation and degradation and be a powerful tool for drug screening to prevent tauopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Matsumoto
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Matsumoto
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
| | - Taeko Kimura
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Suhara
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Makoto Higuchi
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Naruhiko Sahara
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Nozomu Mori
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
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14
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Tagge CA, Fisher AM, Minaeva OV, Gaudreau-Balderrama A, Moncaster JA, Zhang XL, Wojnarowicz MW, Casey N, Lu H, Kokiko-Cochran ON, Saman S, Ericsson M, Onos KD, Veksler R, Senatorov VV, Kondo A, Zhou XZ, Miry O, Vose LR, Gopaul KR, Upreti C, Nowinski CJ, Cantu RC, Alvarez VE, Hildebrandt AM, Franz ES, Konrad J, Hamilton JA, Hua N, Tripodis Y, Anderson AT, Howell GR, Kaufer D, Hall GF, Lu KP, Ransohoff RM, Cleveland RO, Kowall NW, Stein TD, Lamb BT, Huber BR, Moss WC, Friedman A, Stanton PK, McKee AC, Goldstein LE. Concussion, microvascular injury, and early tauopathy in young athletes after impact head injury and an impact concussion mouse model. Brain 2018; 141:422-458. [PMID: 29360998 PMCID: PMC5837414 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underpinning concussion, traumatic brain injury, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and the relationships between these disorders, are poorly understood. We examined post-mortem brains from teenage athletes in the acute-subacute period after mild closed-head impact injury and found astrocytosis, myelinated axonopathy, microvascular injury, perivascular neuroinflammation, and phosphorylated tau protein pathology. To investigate causal mechanisms, we developed a mouse model of lateral closed-head impact injury that uses momentum transfer to induce traumatic head acceleration. Unanaesthetized mice subjected to unilateral impact exhibited abrupt onset, transient course, and rapid resolution of a concussion-like syndrome characterized by altered arousal, contralateral hemiparesis, truncal ataxia, locomotor and balance impairments, and neurobehavioural deficits. Experimental impact injury was associated with axonopathy, blood-brain barrier disruption, astrocytosis, microgliosis (with activation of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells, TREM2), monocyte infiltration, and phosphorylated tauopathy in cerebral cortex ipsilateral and subjacent to impact. Phosphorylated tauopathy was detected in ipsilateral axons by 24 h, bilateral axons and soma by 2 weeks, and distant cortex bilaterally at 5.5 months post-injury. Impact pathologies co-localized with serum albumin extravasation in the brain that was diagnostically detectable in living mice by dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. These pathologies were also accompanied by early, persistent, and bilateral impairment in axonal conduction velocity in the hippocampus and defective long-term potentiation of synaptic neurotransmission in the medial prefrontal cortex, brain regions distant from acute brain injury. Surprisingly, acute neurobehavioural deficits at the time of injury did not correlate with blood-brain barrier disruption, microgliosis, neuroinflammation, phosphorylated tauopathy, or electrophysiological dysfunction. Furthermore, concussion-like deficits were observed after impact injury, but not after blast exposure under experimental conditions matched for head kinematics. Computational modelling showed that impact injury generated focal point loading on the head and seven-fold greater peak shear stress in the brain compared to blast exposure. Moreover, intracerebral shear stress peaked before onset of gross head motion. By comparison, blast induced distributed force loading on the head and diffuse, lower magnitude shear stress in the brain. We conclude that force loading mechanics at the time of injury shape acute neurobehavioural responses, structural brain damage, and neuropathological sequelae triggered by neurotrauma. These results indicate that closed-head impact injuries, independent of concussive signs, can induce traumatic brain injury as well as early pathologies and functional sequelae associated with chronic traumatic encephalopathy. These results also shed light on the origins of concussion and relationship to traumatic brain injury and its aftermath.awx350media15713427811001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad A Tagge
- Molecular Aging and Development Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Boston University College of Engineering, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Andrew M Fisher
- Molecular Aging and Development Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Boston University College of Engineering, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Olga V Minaeva
- Molecular Aging and Development Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Boston University College of Engineering, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Boston University Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Amanda Gaudreau-Balderrama
- Molecular Aging and Development Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Boston University College of Engineering, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Juliet A Moncaster
- Molecular Aging and Development Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Boston University Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Xiao-Lei Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Mark W Wojnarowicz
- Molecular Aging and Development Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Noel Casey
- Molecular Aging and Development Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- The Center for Biometals and Metallomics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Haiyan Lu
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Olga N Kokiko-Cochran
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Sudad Saman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Maria Ericsson
- Electron Microscope Facility, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Ronel Veksler
- Departments of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Physiology and Cell Biology, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Vladimir V Senatorov
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Asami Kondo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xiao Z Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Omid Miry
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Linnea R Vose
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Katisha R Gopaul
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Chirag Upreti
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Christopher J Nowinski
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Center, CTE Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Robert C Cantu
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Center, CTE Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emerson Hospital, Concord, MA 01742, USA
| | - Victor E Alvarez
- Alzheimer’s Disease Center, CTE Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | | | - Erich S Franz
- Molecular Aging and Development Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Boston University College of Engineering, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Janusz Konrad
- Boston University College of Engineering, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Ning Hua
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Yorghos Tripodis
- Alzheimer’s Disease Center, CTE Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | | | | | - Daniela Kaufer
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Garth F Hall
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Kun P Lu
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Richard M Ransohoff
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Robin O Cleveland
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Neil W Kowall
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Center, CTE Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Thor D Stein
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Center, CTE Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Bruce T Lamb
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Bertrand R Huber
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Center, CTE Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - William C Moss
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - Alon Friedman
- Departments of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Physiology and Cell Biology, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Brain Repair Center, Dalhousie University, Halifax, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Patric K Stanton
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Ann C McKee
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Center, CTE Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Lee E Goldstein
- Molecular Aging and Development Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Boston University College of Engineering, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Boston University Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- The Center for Biometals and Metallomics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Center, CTE Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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15
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Hylin MJ, Holden RC, Smith AC, Logsdon AF, Qaiser R, Lucke-Wold BP. Juvenile Traumatic Brain Injury Results in Cognitive Deficits Associated with Impaired Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Early Tauopathy. Dev Neurosci 2018; 40:175-188. [PMID: 29788004 PMCID: PMC6376969 DOI: 10.1159/000488343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The leading cause of death in the juvenile population is trauma, and in particular neurotrauma. The juvenile brain response to neurotrauma is not completely understood. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been shown to contribute to injury expansion and behavioral deficits in adult rodents and furthermore has been seen in adult postmortem human brains diagnosed with chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Whether endoplasmic reticulum stress is increased in juveniles with traumatic brain injury (TBI) is poorly delineated. We investigated this important topic using a juvenile rat controlled cortical impact (CCI) model. We proposed that ER stress would be significantly increased in juvenile rats following TBI and that this would correlate with behavioral deficits using a juvenile rat model. A juvenile rat (postnatal day 28) CCI model was used. Binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) were measured at 4 h in the ipsilateral pericontusion cortex. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α was measured at 48 h and tau kinase measured at 1 week and 30 days. At 4 h following injury, BiP and CHOP (markers of ER stress) were significantly elevated in rats exposed to TBI. We also found that HIF-1α was significantly upregulated 48 h following TBI showing delayed hypoxia. The early ER stress activation was additionally asso-ciated with the activation of a known tau kinase, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), by 1 week. Tau oligomers measured by R23 were significantly increased by 30 days following TBI. The biochemical changes following TBI were associated with increased impulsive-like or anti-anxiety behavior measured with the elevated plus maze, deficits in short-term memory measured with novel object recognition, and deficits in spatial memory measured with the Morris water maze in juvenile rats exposed to TBI. These results show that ER stress was increased early in juvenile rats exposed to TBI, that these rats developed tau oligomers over the course of 30 days, and that they had significant short-term and spatial memory deficits following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Hylin
- Neurotrauma and Rehabilitation Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Ryan C. Holden
- Neurotrauma and Rehabilitation Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Aidan C. Smith
- Neurotrauma and Rehabilitation Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Aric F. Logsdon
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rabia Qaiser
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Brandon P. Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
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16
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Joly-Amado A, Serraneau KS, Brownlow M, Marín de Evsikova C, Speakman JR, Gordon MN, Morgan D. Metabolic changes over the course of aging in a mouse model of tau deposition. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 44:62-73. [PMID: 27318134 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Weight loss and food intake disturbances that often precede cognitive decline and diagnosis have been extensively reported in Alzheimer's disease patients. Previously, we observed that transgenic mice overexpressing tau seemed to eat more food yet weigh less than nontransgenic littermates. Thus, the present longitudinal study measured the time course of changes in metabolic state over the lifespan of the tau depositing Tg4510 mouse model of tau deposition. Although body weight was comparable to nontransgenic littermates at 2 months of age, Tg4510 mice weighed less at older ages. This was accompanied by the accumulation of tau pathology and by dramatically increased activity in all phases of the 24-hour cycle. Resting metabolic rate was also increased at 7 months of age. At 12 months near the end of the Tg4510 lifespan, there was a wasting phase, with a considerable decrease of resting metabolic rate, although hyperactivity was maintained. These diverse changes in metabolism in a mouse model of tau deposition are discussed in the context of known changes in energy metabolism in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Joly-Amado
- Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Karisa S Serraneau
- Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Milene Brownlow
- Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - John R Speakman
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, China
| | - Marcia N Gordon
- Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Dave Morgan
- Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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17
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Li L, Xu ZP, Liu GP, Xu C, Wang ZH, Li XG, Liu EJ, Zeng J, Chai DM, Yao WL, Wang JZ. Expression of 1N3R-Tau isoform inhibits cell proliferation by inducing S phase arrest in N2a cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119865. [PMID: 25822823 PMCID: PMC4378987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein implicated in neurodegenerative tauopathies. Six tau isoforms are generated from a single gene through alternative splicing of exons 2, 3 and 10 in human brain. Differential expression of tau isoforms has been detected in different brain areas, during neurodevelopment and in neurodegenerative disorders. However, the biological significance of different tau isoforms is not clear. Here, we investigated the individual effect of six different isoforms of tau on cell proliferation and the possible mechanisms by transient expression of eGFP-labeled tau isoform plasmid in N2a cells. Our study showed the transfection efficiency was comparable between different isoforms of tau by examining GFP expression. Compared with other isoforms, we found expression of 1N3R-tau significantly inhibited cell proliferation by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and BrdU incorporation. Flow cytometry analysis further showed expression of 1N3R-tau induced S phase arrest. Compared with the longest isoform of tau, expression of 1N3R-tau induced cyclin E translocation from the nuclei to cytoplasm, while it did not change the level of cell cycle checkpoint proteins. These data indicate that 1N3R-tau inhibits cell proliferation through inducing S phase arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gong-Ping Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Guang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - En-Jie Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Zeng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Da-Min Chai
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Long Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- * E-mail:
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18
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Li Y, Chen JA, Sears RL, Gao F, Klein ED, Karydas A, Geschwind MD, Rosen HJ, Boxer AL, Guo W, Pellegrini M, Horvath S, Miller BL, Geschwind DH, Coppola G. An epigenetic signature in peripheral blood associated with the haplotype on 17q21.31, a risk factor for neurodegenerative tauopathy. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004211. [PMID: 24603599 PMCID: PMC3945475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about how changes in DNA methylation mediate risk for human diseases including dementia. Analysis of genome-wide methylation patterns in patients with two forms of tau-related dementia--progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD)--revealed significant differentially methylated probes (DMPs) in patients versus unaffected controls. Remarkably, DMPs in PSP were clustered within the 17q21.31 region, previously known to harbor the major genetic risk factor for PSP. We identified and replicated a dose-dependent effect of the risk-associated H1 haplotype on methylation levels within the region in blood and brain. These data reveal that the H1 haplotype increases risk for tauopathy via differential methylation at that locus, indicating a mediating role for methylation in dementia pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jason A. Chen
- Interdepartmental Program in Bioinformatics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Renee L. Sears
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Fuying Gao
- Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Eric D. Klein
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Anna Karydas
- Memory and Aging Center/Sandler Neurosciences Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Michael D. Geschwind
- Memory and Aging Center/Sandler Neurosciences Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Howard J. Rosen
- Memory and Aging Center/Sandler Neurosciences Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Adam L. Boxer
- Memory and Aging Center/Sandler Neurosciences Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Weilong Guo
- Bioinformatics Division and Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, TNLIST, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Steve Horvath
- Departments of Biostatistics and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Bruce L. Miller
- Memory and Aging Center/Sandler Neurosciences Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel H. Geschwind
- Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Wu J, Nie SD, Wang S. Tau pathology in diabetes mellitus. Pharmazie 2013; 68:649-652. [PMID: 24020118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative tauopathy characterized by hyperphosphorylation tau has been implicated in the pathophysiology of diabetic central nervous system (CNS) complication. Emerging evidence has suggested that hyperphosphorylation tau is caused by an imbalance of protein kinase and phosphatase activity. This review focuses on the contributions of impaired insulin signaling to diabetes-related tauopathy through disrupting the balance of tau-related protein kinases and phosphatases. In addition, we describe tau pathology as a potential target for central neuronal degeneration in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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20
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Rozenstein-Tsalkovich L, Grigoriadis N, Lourbopoulos A, Nousiopoulou E, Kassis I, Abramsky O, Karussis D, Rosenmann H. Repeated immunization of mice with phosphorylated-tau peptides causes neuroinflammation. Exp Neurol 2013; 248:451-6. [PMID: 23876516 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The recent studies of others and of us showing robust efficacy of anti-tangle immunotherapy, directed against phosphorylated (phos)-tau protein, may pave the way to clinical trials of phos-tau immunotherapy in Alzheimer's-disease and other tauopathies. At this stage addressing the safety of the phos-tau-immunotherapy is highly needed, particularly since we have previously shown the neurotoxic potential of tau-immunotherapy, specifically of full-length unphosphorylated-tau vaccine under a CNS-proinflammatory milieu [induced by emulsification in complete-Freund's-adjuvant (CFA) and pertussis-toxin (PT)] in young wild-type (WT)-mice. The aim of our current study was to address safety aspects of the phos-tau-immunotherapy in both neurofibrillary-tangle (NFT)-mice as well as in WT-mice, under challenging conditions of repeated immunizations with phos-tau peptides under a CNS-proinflammatory milieu. NFT- and WT-mice were repeatedly immunized (7 injections in adult-, 4 in aged-mice) with phos-tau peptides emulsified in CFA-PT. A paralytic disease was evident in the phos-tau-immunized adult NFT-mice, developing progressively to 26.7% with the number of injections. Interestingly, the WT-mice were even more prone to develop neuroinflammation following phos-tau immunization, affecting 75% of the immunized mice. Aged mice were less prone to neuroinflammatory manifestations. Anti-phos-tau antibodies, detected in the serum of immunized mice, partially correlated with the neuroinflammation in WT-mice. This points that repeated phos-tau immunizations in the frame of a proinflammatory milieu may be encephalitogenic to tangle-mice, and more robustly to WT-mice, indicating that - under certain conditions - the safety of phos-tau immunotherapy is questionable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Rozenstein-Tsalkovich
- The Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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21
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Leboucher A, Laurent C, Fernandez-Gomez FJ, Burnouf S, Troquier L, Eddarkaoui S, Demeyer D, Caillierez R, Zommer N, Vallez E, Bantubungi K, Breton C, Pigny P, Buée-Scherrer V, Staels B, Hamdane M, Tailleux A, Buée L, Blum D. Detrimental effects of diet-induced obesity on τ pathology are independent of insulin resistance in τ transgenic mice. Diabetes 2013; 62:1681-8. [PMID: 23250356 PMCID: PMC3636620 DOI: 10.2337/db12-0866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The τ pathology found in Alzheimer disease (AD) is crucial in cognitive decline. Midlife development of obesity, a major risk factor of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, increases the risk of dementia and AD later in life. The impact of obesity on AD risk has been suggested to be related to central insulin resistance, secondary to peripheral insulin resistance. The effects of diet-induced obesity (DIO) on τ pathology remain unknown. In this study, we evaluated effects of a high-fat diet, given at an early pathological stage, in the THY-Tau22 transgenic mouse model of progressive AD-like τ pathology. We found that early and progressive obesity potentiated spatial learning deficits as well as hippocampal τ pathology at a later stage. Surprisingly, THY-Tau22 mice did not exhibit peripheral insulin resistance. Further, pathological worsening occurred while hippocampal insulin signaling was upregulated. Together, our data demonstrate that DIO worsens τ phosphorylation and learning abilities in τ transgenic mice independently from peripheral/central insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Leboucher
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Institut de Médecine Prédictive et de Recherche Thérapeutique, Lille, France
| | - Cyril Laurent
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Institut de Médecine Prédictive et de Recherche Thérapeutique, Lille, France
| | - Francisco-José Fernandez-Gomez
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Institut de Médecine Prédictive et de Recherche Thérapeutique, Lille, France
| | - Sylvie Burnouf
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Institut de Médecine Prédictive et de Recherche Thérapeutique, Lille, France
| | - Laetitia Troquier
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Institut de Médecine Prédictive et de Recherche Thérapeutique, Lille, France
| | - Sabiha Eddarkaoui
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Institut de Médecine Prédictive et de Recherche Thérapeutique, Lille, France
| | - Dominique Demeyer
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Institut de Médecine Prédictive et de Recherche Thérapeutique, Lille, France
| | - Raphaëlle Caillierez
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Institut de Médecine Prédictive et de Recherche Thérapeutique, Lille, France
| | - Nadège Zommer
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Institut de Médecine Prédictive et de Recherche Thérapeutique, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Vallez
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U1011, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Kadiombo Bantubungi
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U1011, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Breton
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- EA 4489, Environnement Perinatal et Croissance, Lille, France
| | - Pascal Pigny
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Institut de Médecine Prédictive et de Recherche Thérapeutique, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Valérie Buée-Scherrer
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Institut de Médecine Prédictive et de Recherche Thérapeutique, Lille, France
| | - Bart Staels
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U1011, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Malika Hamdane
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Institut de Médecine Prédictive et de Recherche Thérapeutique, Lille, France
| | - Anne Tailleux
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U1011, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Luc Buée
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Institut de Médecine Prédictive et de Recherche Thérapeutique, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - David Blum
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Institut de Médecine Prédictive et de Recherche Thérapeutique, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Corresponding author: David Blum,
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven T DeKosky
- Office of the Dean and Department of Neurology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, USA
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23
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Yotsumoto K, Saito T, Asada A, Oikawa T, Kimura T, Uchida C, Ishiguro K, Uchida T, Hasegawa M, Hisanaga SI. Effect of Pin1 or microtubule binding on dephosphorylation of FTDP-17 mutant Tau. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:16840-16847. [PMID: 19401603 PMCID: PMC2719320 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.003277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Revised: 04/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative tauopathies, including Alzheimer disease, are characterized by abnormal hyperphosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein Tau. One group of tauopathies, known as frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17), is directly associated with mutations of the gene tau. However, it is unknown why mutant Tau is highly phosphorylated in the patient brain. In contrast to in vivo high phosphorylation, FTDP-17 Tau is phosphorylated less than wild-type Tau in vitro. Because phosphorylation is a balance between kinase and phosphatase activities, we investigated dephosphorylation of mutant Tau proteins, P301L and R406W. Tau phosphorylated by Cdk5-p25 was dephosphorylated by protein phosphatases in rat brain extracts. Compared with wild-type Tau, R406W was dephosphorylated faster and P301L slower. The two-dimensional phosphopeptide map analysis suggested that faster dephosphorylation of R406W was due to a lack of phosphorylation at Ser-404, which is relatively resistant to dephosphorylation. We studied the effect of the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 or microtubule binding on dephosphorylation of wild-type Tau, P301L, and R406W in vitro. Pin1 catalyzes the cis/trans isomerization of phospho-Ser/Thr-Pro sequences in a subset of proteins. Dephosphorylation of wild-type Tau was reduced in brain extracts of Pin1-knockout mice, and this reduction was not observed with P301L and R406W. On the other hand, binding to microtubules almost abolished dephosphorylation of wild-type and mutant Tau proteins. These results demonstrate that mutation of Tau and its association with microtubules may change the conformation of Tau, thereby suppressing dephosphorylation and potentially contributing to the etiology of tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Yotsumoto
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397
| | - Taro Saito
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397
| | - Akiko Asada
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397
| | - Takayuki Oikawa
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397; Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Psychiatry, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8585
| | - Taeko Kimura
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397
| | - Chiyoko Uchida
- University Health Center, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512
| | - Koichi Ishiguro
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Science, Machida, Tokyo 194-8511
| | - Takafumi Uchida
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8555, Japan
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Psychiatry, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8585
| | - Shin-Ichi Hisanaga
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397.
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Inden M, Kitamura Y, Takeuchi H, Yanagida T, Takata K, Kobayashi Y, Taniguchi T, Yoshimoto K, Kaneko M, Okuma Y, Taira T, Ariga H, Shimohama S. Neurodegeneration of mouse nigrostriatal dopaminergic system induced by repeated oral administration of rotenone is prevented by 4-phenylbutyrate, a chemical chaperone. J Neurochem 2007; 101:1491-1504. [PMID: 17459145 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04440.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is primarily characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway. Previous studies have demonstrated that chronic systemic exposure of Lewis rats to rotenone produced many features of PD, and cerebral tauopathy was also detected in the case of severe weight loss. The present study was designed to assess the neurotoxicity of rotenone after daily oral administration for 28 days at several doses in C57BL/6 mice. In addition, we examined the protective effects of 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) on nigral dopamine (DA) neurons in rotenone-treated mice. 4-PBA was injected intraperitoneally daily 30 min before each oral administration of rotenone. Chronic oral administration of rotenone at high doses induced specific nigrostriatal DA neurodegeneration, motor deficits and the up-regulation of alpha-synuclein in the surviving DA neurons. In contrast to the Lewis rat model, cerebral tauopathy was not detected in this mouse model. 4-PBA inhibited rotenone-induced neuronal death and decreased the protein level of alpha-synuclein. These results suggest that this rotenone mouse model may be useful for understanding the mechanism of DA neurodegeneration in PD, and that 4-PBA has a neuroprotective effect in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Inden
- Department of Neurobiology and 21st Century COE Program, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
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25
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Mollenhauer B, Bibl M, Esselmann H, Steinacker P, Trenkwalder C, Wiltfang J, Otto M. Tauopathies and synucleinopathies: Do cerebrospinal fluid β-amyloid peptides reflect disease-specific pathogenesis? J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2007; 114:919-27. [PMID: 17318305 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-007-0629-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2006] [Accepted: 01/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate variations in amyloid beta (Abeta) peptide pattern in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in neurodegenerative disorders. A recently established quantitative urea-based Abeta-sodium-dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide-gel-electrophoresis with western immunoblot (Abeta-SDS-PAGE/immunoblot) revealed a highly conserved Abeta peptide (Abeta1-37, 1-38, 1-39, 1-40, 1-42) pattern in CSF. We asked whether the variation might be useful to further elucidate the overlap between or distinctions among neurodegenerative diseases in Abeta-processing. We used the Abeta-SDS-PAGE/immunoblot to investigate CSF for disease-specific Abeta peptide patterns. CSF samples from 96 patients with mainly clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease (n = 15), progressive supranuclear palsy (n = 20), corticobasal degeneration (n = 12), Parkinson's disease (n = 11), multiple systems atrophy (n = 18), and dementia with Lewy-bodies (n = 20) were analysed as well a comparison group (n = 19). The Abeta peptide patterns varied between tauopathies and synucleinopathies and between all diseases and the comparison group, possibly due to the influence of tau and alpha-synuclein on Abeta-processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mollenhauer
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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26
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Skrabana R, Sevcik J, Novak M. Intrinsically Disordered Proteins in the Neurodegenerative Processes: Formation of Tau Protein Paired Helical Filaments and Their Analysis. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2006; 26:1085-97. [PMID: 16779670 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-006-9083-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2005] [Accepted: 05/01/2006] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
1. Several intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) play principal role in the neurodegenerative processes of various types. Among them, alpha-synuclein is involved in Parkinson's disease, prion protein in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, and tau protein in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related tauopathies. Neuronal damage in AD is accompanied by the presence of tau protein fibrils composed of paired helical filaments (PHF). 2. Tau protein represents a typical IDP. IDPs do not exhibit any stable secondary structure in the free form, but they are able to fold after binding to targets and contain regions with large propensity to adopt a defined type of secondary structure. Binding-folding event at tau protein leading to PHF generation is believed to happen in the course of tauopathies. 3. Detailed molecular topology of PHF formation is unknown. There are evidences about the cross-beta structure in PHF core; however the precise arrangement of the tau polypeptide chain is unclear. In this review we summarize current attempts at in vitro PHF reconstruction and the development of methods for PHF structure determination. The emphasis is put on the monoclonal antibodies used as structural molecular probes for research on the role of IDPs in pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rostislav Skrabana
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Beach TG, Sue L, Scott S, Layne K, Newell A, Walker D, Baker M, Sahara N, Yen SH, Hutton M, Caselli R, Adler C, Connor D, Sabbagh M. Hippocampal sclerosis dementia with tauopathy. Brain Pathol 2006; 13:263-78. [PMID: 12946017 PMCID: PMC8095804 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2003.tb00027.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In some elderly individuals with dementia, hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is the only remarkable autopsy finding. The cause of HS in this setting is puzzling, since known causes of HS such as seizures or global hypoxic-ischemic episodes are rarely present. We here describe a series of HS cases that have a widespread neuronal and/or glial tauopathy. Of 14 consecutive cases of HS, 12 had been clinically diagnosed with dementia and/or Alzheimer's disease (AD) while 2 were non-demented; 7 cases had also been clinically diagnosed with parkinsonism. In addition to HS, 6 cases also met pathologic diagnostic criteria for AD. Gallyas silver staining and immunohistochemistry with the AT8 antibody revealed a glial and/or neuronal tauopathy in 12 of 14 cases, with frequent positive neurons and/or glial cells in the neocortex, basal ganglia, thalamus and/or limbic regions; in addition, 8 of the 14 cases had argyrophilic grains. Screening for known tau mutations was negative in all cases. Western blots of sarkosyl-insoluble tau protein showed a mixture of 3- and 4-repeat forms. The results suggest that most cases of HS dementia are sporadic multisystem tauopathies; we suggest the term "hippocampal sclerosis dementia with tauopathy" (HSDT) for these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Beach
- W. H. Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Ariz 85372, USA.
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28
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Rodriguez-Martin T, Garcia-Blanco MA, Mansfield SG, Grover AC, Hutton M, Yu Q, Zhou J, Anderton BH, Gallo JM. Reprogramming of tau alternative splicing by spliceosome-mediated RNA trans-splicing: implications for tauopathies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:15659-64. [PMID: 16230627 PMCID: PMC1266082 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0503150102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the microtubule-associated protein, tau. Some FTDP-17 mutations affect exon 10 splicing. To correct aberrant exon 10 splicing while retaining endogenous transcriptional control, we evaluated the feasibility of using spliceosome-mediated RNA trans-splicing (SMaRT) to reprogram tau mRNA. We designed a pre-trans-splicing molecule containing human tau exons 10 to 13 and a binding domain complementary to the 3' end of tau intron 9. A minigene comprising tau exons 9, 10, and 11 and minimal flanking intronic sequences was used as a target. RT-PCR analysis of SH-SY5Y cells or COS cells cotransfected with a minigene and a pre-trans-splicing molecule using primers to opposite sides of the predicted splice junction generated products containing exons 9 to 13. Sequencing of the chimeric products showed that an exact exon 9-exon 10 junction had been created, thus demonstrating that tau RNA can be reprogrammed by trans-splicing. Furthermore, by using the same paradigm with a minigene containing full-length intronic sequences, we show that cis-splicing exclusion of exon 10 can be by-passed by trans-splicing and that conversion of exon 10(-) tau RNA into exon 10(+) tau RNA could be achieved with approximately 34% efficiency. Our results demonstrate that an alternatively spliced exon can be replaced by trans-splicing and open the way to novel therapeutic applications of SMaRT for tauopathies and other disorders linked to aberrant alternative splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Rodriguez-Martin
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neurodegeneration, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
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29
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Abstract
It has been suggested that a high serum cholesterol level is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), that treatment with cholesterol-lowering drugs (statins) reduces the frequency of AD development, and that the polymorpholism of genes encoding proteins regulating cholesterol metabolism is associated with the frequency of AD development. However, the mechanism by which high serum cholesterol level leads to AD, still remains unclarified. Several recent studies have shown the results challenging the above notions. Here another notion is proposed, that is, a low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level in serum and cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) is a risk factor for the development of AD; moreover, the possibility that AD and Niemann-Pick type C disease share a common cascade, by which altered cholesterol metabolism leads to neurodegeneration (tauopathy) is discussed. In this review, the association between cholesterol and AD pathogenesis is discussed from different viewpoints and several basic issues are delineated and addressed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Michikawa
- Department of Alzheimer's Disease Research, National Institute for Longevity Sciences, 36-3 Gengo, Obu, Aichi 474-8522, Japan.
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30
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Ko LW, DeTure M, Sahara N, Chihab R, Vega IE, Yen SH. Recent advances in experimental modeling of the assembly of tau filaments. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2005; 1739:125-39. [PMID: 15615632 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2004.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2004] [Revised: 09/01/2004] [Accepted: 09/07/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular assembly of microtubule-associated protein tau into filamentous inclusions is central to Alzheimer's disease and related disorders collectively known as tauopathies. Although tau mutations, posttranslational modifications and degradations have been the focus of investigations, the mechanism of tau fibrillogenesis in vivo still remains elusive. Different strategies have been undertaken to generate animal and cellular models for tauopathies. Some are used to study the molecular events leading to the assembly and accumulation of tau filaments, and others to identify potential therapeutic agents that are capable of impeding tauopathy. This review highlights the latest developments in new models and how their utility improves our understanding of the sequence of events leading to human tauopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wen Ko
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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Josephs KA, Tsuboi Y, Cookson N, Watt H, Dickson DW. Apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 is a determinant for Alzheimer-type pathologic features in tauopathies, synucleinopathies, and frontotemporal degeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 61:1579-84. [PMID: 15477512 DOI: 10.1001/archneur.61.10.1579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine if apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 influences the frequency of Alzheimer-type pathologic features in tauopathies, synucleinopathies, and frontotemporal degeneration and to determine if the frequency of Alzheimer-type pathologic features in synucleinopathies is similar to the frequency of such features in tauopathies and frontotemporal degeneration. METHODS A total of 285 patients with pathologically proven neurodegenerative disorders, including diffuse and transitional Lewy body disease, frontotemporal degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, and multiple system atrophy, with a mean age of 75.1 +/- 9.3 years, were suitable for genetic and pathological analysis. Disorders were grouped as tauopathies (progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration), synucleinopathies (Lewy body disease and multiple system atrophy), and frontotemporal degeneration. Braak neurofibrillary tangle staging and quantitative scores of senile plaques were used to determine the degree of concomitant Alzheimer-type pathologic features in each case, and apolipoprotein E genotype was determined from DNA isolated from frozen brain tissue. The relationship of apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 to Alzheimer-type pathologic features was determined. RESULTS Across all neurodegenerative disorders, apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 and older age independently predicted the co-occurrence of Alzheimer-type pathologic features (P<.001), whereas female sex had a lesser effect (P = .03). When divided into the 3 subgroups (tauopathies, synucleinopathies, and frontotemporal degeneration), apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 had a similar effect, whereas older age and female sex were less predictive. There was a significant difference between the frequency of Alzheimer-type pathologic features in synucleinopathies and the frequency of such features in tauopathies and frontotemporal degeneration (P<.001 for both). The frequency of apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele was not significantly different among the 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS Apolipoprotein E epsilon 4, independent of older age and sex, contributes to the co-occurrence of Alzheimer-type pathologic features in tauopathies, synucleinopathies, and frontotemporal degeneration, but this does not explain why Alzheimer-type pathologic features are significantly more likely to coexist with synucleinopathies than with either tauopathies or frontotemporal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Josephs
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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32
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Abstract
Tau protein is the major component of the intracellular filamentous deposits that define a number of neurodegenerative diseases. They include the largely sporadic Alzheimer's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), Pick's disease (PiD), argyrophilic grain disease, as well as the inherited frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17). The identification of mutations in Tau as the cause of FTDP-17 established that dysfunction or misregulation of tau protein is sufficient to cause neurodegeneration and dementia. At an experimental level, the new understanding is leading to the development of good transgenic animal models of the tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Goedert
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK.
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33
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Abstract
Neurofibrillary degeneration (ND) is both a pivotal and a primary lesion of Alzheimer disease (AD) and related tauopathies. To date in all known tauopathics including AD, the neurofibrillary changes, whether of paired helical filaments (PHF), twisted ribbons or straight filaments (SF) are made up of abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau, and the number of these lesions directly correlates to the degree of dementia in the affected individuals. Unlike normal tau which promotes assembly and maintains structure of microtubules, the abnormal tau not only lacks these functions but also sequesters normal tau, MAPI and MAP2, and causes disassembly of microtubules. This toxic behavior of the abnormal tau is solely due to its hyperphosphorylation because dephosphorylation restores it into a normal-like protein. The abnormal hyperphosphorylation also promotes the self-assembly of tau into PHF/SF. Missense mutations in tau that cosegregate with the disease in inherited cases of frontotemporal dementia make it a more favorable substrate for hyperphosphorylation. A cause of the abnormal hyperphosphorylation in AD brain is a decrease in the activity of protein phosphatase (PP)-2A, a major regulator of the phosphorylation of tau. The abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau and neurofibrillary degeneration may be inhibited by increasing the activity of PP-2A, inhibiting the activity of one or more tau kinases or by the sequestration of normal tau by the abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau. A great advantage of developing therapeutic drugs to inhibit neurofibrillary degeneration is that the efficacy of these drugs can be monitored by assaying the CSF levels of phosphotau and total tau, both of which are elevated in AD. Thus, the development of drugs that inhibit neurofibrillary degeneration is a very promising and feasible therapeutic approach to AD and related tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Iqbal
- Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, New York 10314-6399, USA.
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34
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Abstract
The microtubule-binding protein tau has been implicated in the neurofibrillary pathology of Alzheimer's disease. Within affected cells, ubiquitinated and hyperphosphorylated tau assembles into massive filamentous polymers. Eventually these tangle-bearing neurons die. The formation of neurofibrillary tangles closely parallels the progression and anatomic distribution of neuronal loss in Alzheimer's disease, suggesting that these lesions play a role in the disease pathogenesis. Mutations in the human tau gene cause autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorders. These and other neurodegenerative conditions are also characterized by extensive neurofibrillary pathology. The mechanisms underlying tau-mediated neurotoxicity remain unclear; however, phosphorylated tau is a strong candidate for a toxic molecule, particularly those isoforms phosphorylated by the kinases glycogen synthase kinase 3beta and Cdk5. Here we show that Alzheimer tau binds to Hsc70, and its phosphorylation is a recognition requirement for the addition of ubiquitin (Ub) by the E3 Ub ligase CHIP (carboxyl terminus of the Hsc70-interacting protein) and the E2 conjugating enzyme UbcH5B. Other E3 Ub ligases including parkin and Cbl failed to ubiquitinate phosphorylated tau. CHIP could rescue phosphorylated tau-induced cell death, and therefore the CHIP-Hsc70 complex may provide a new therapeutic target for the tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Shimura
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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35
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Yoshiyama Y, Zhang B, Bruce J, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VMY. Reduction of detyrosinated microtubules and Golgi fragmentation are linked to tau-induced degeneration in astrocytes. J Neurosci 2003; 23:10662-71. [PMID: 14627651 PMCID: PMC6740917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Several human neurodegenerative diseases are associated with abnormal accumulations of aggregated tau proteins and glial degeneration in astrocytes, but the mechanism whereby tau proteins cause astrocytic degeneration is unclear. Here, we analyzed the biological consequences of overexpressing the longest human tau isoform in primary cultures of rat astrocytes using adenoviral-mediated gene transfer. Significantly, we found specific decreases in stable detyrosinated [glutamate (Glu)] microtubules (MTs) with concomitant increases in tubulin biosynthesis and the accumulation of acetylated, tyrosinated, alpha- and beta-tubulin. The consequences of this selective reduction in stable Glu-MTs included contemporaneous decreases in kinesin levels, collapse of the intermediate filament network, progressive disruption of kinesin-dependent trafficking of organelles, fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus that culminated in atrophy, and non-apoptotic death of astrocytes. These results suggest that reduced stable Glu-MTs is a primary consequence of tau accumulation that initiates mechanisms underlying astrocyte dysfunction and death in human neurodegenerative glial tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Yoshiyama
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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36
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Abstract
A number of approaches have been taken to recreate and to study the role of genes associated with human neurodegenerative diseases in the model organism Drosophila. These studies encompass the polyglutamine diseases, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and tau-associated pathologies. The findings highlight Drosophila as an important model system in which to study the fundamental pathways influenced by these genes and have led to new insights into aspects of pathogenesis and modifier mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy M Bonini
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 415 S. University Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6018, USA.
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37
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Ferrer I, Hernández I, Boada M, Llorente A, Rey MJ, Cardozo A, Ezquerra M, Puig B. Primary progressive aphasia as the initial manifestation of corticobasal degeneration and unusual tauopathies. Acta Neuropathol 2003; 106:419-35. [PMID: 12955398 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-003-0756-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2003] [Revised: 06/24/2003] [Accepted: 06/24/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The clinical, neuroradiological, neuropathological and biochemical findings in four patients with primary progressive aphasia and tauopathy are described. The aphasic syndrome preceded by several years the appearance of other symptoms in every case. Asymmetrical apraxia with alien hand phenomenon occurred in one case. Frontotemporal symptoms occurred in three cases, but progressed to dramatic cognitive devastation in only one of these. Generalized dementia consistent with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) developed with time in another. Cerebral computer tomography scans, magnetic resonance imaging and SPECT studies revealed marked asymmetries in one case, and showed nonspecific cerebral atrophy in the remaining ones. The neuropathological examination revealed typical corticobasal degeneration (CBD) in one case; CBD and AD in another; and atypical CBD, argyrophilic grain disease (AGD) and alpha-synucleinopathy consistent with Parkinson's disease in a third. Unique neuropathological findings were found in the remaining case. This was characterized by severe cerebral atrophy, marked neuronal loss in the cerebral cortex and abnormal tau deposition in neurons of the cerebral cortex, diencephalon and brain stem. Ballooned neurons, Pick bodies, generalized cortical neurofibrillary tangles and astrocytic plaques were absent. However, massive globular inclusions, containing phospho-tau, occurred in glial cells, mainly oligodendrocytes, in the white matter. Biochemical studies of frontal homogenates revealed four bands of 73/74, 68, 64 and 60 kDa of phosphorylated tau (using antibodies recognizing phospho-tau Thr181, Ser262 and Ser422) in the patient with AD and CBD, suggesting a predominant AD pattern in this case. Two bands of 68 and 64 kDa of phospho-tau were recovered in the sarkosyl-insoluble fraction in the other three cases. This pattern is similar to that found in CBD, progressive supranuclear palsy and AGD. Taken together, the present series further supports pure and combined CBD as causes of primary progressive aphasia, and they extend the hypothesis that primary progressive aphasia may be the initial symptom of distinct tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ferrer
- Banc de Teixits Neurològics, Universitat de Barcelona/Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.
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38
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Delacourte A, Sergeant N, Wattez A, Maurage CA, Lebert F, Pasquier F, David JP. Tau aggregation in the hippocampal formation: an ageing or a pathological process? Exp Gerontol 2002; 37:1291-6. [PMID: 12470843 DOI: 10.1016/s0531-5565(02)00141-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tauopathy is a concept to describe different genetic or metabolic dysfunctions of tau proteins that generate most of the known dementing disorders. Tauopathy is a degenerating process that also affects the entorhinal formation, and then the hippocampal formation in ageing. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), a disease due to APP dysfunction, a similar tauopathy process in observed in neocortical areas, well correlated to cognitive impairment. One important gap of knowledge is the relationship between tauopathy in the hippocampal formation, ageing, AD, and cognitive impairment. Here we show that the multidisciplinary analysis of numerous brains from non-demented and demented patients suggests the following observations: tauopathy of the hippocampal formation in humans is age-related but not an age-dependent process, also independent of AD, but amplified by APP dysfunctions. Tauopathy in the entorhinal and hippocampal formation could be another type of pathological dysfunction of tau proteins, and a therapeutic target to delay AD. Relevant animal models are desperately needed to address this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Delacourte
- Unité Inserm 422, 1, Place de Verdun, 59045 Lille cedex, France.
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Abstract
Three Mutations were recently reported in the same codon (N296) in exon 10 of the tau gene. Two of these mutations, N296N and N296H, lead to a clinical syndrome similar to autosomal dominant fronto-temporal dementia with Parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17. In contrast the third mutation, delN296, gives rise to atypical progressive supranuclear palsy in individuals homozygous for the mutation, but in heterozygous individuals this mutation is incompletely penetrant and associated with a phenotype similar to idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Functional assays were employed to determine the effects of these mutations on alternative splicing of exon 10, on microtubule assembly and self-aggregation of recombinant tau protein. We demonstrate that these mutations exhibit a spectrum of potentially pathogenic changes in tau function, and provide insight into the possible cause of the incompletely penetrant phenotype of the delN296 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Grover
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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Top ten health stories of 2001. Harv Health Lett 2001; 27:1-3. [PMID: 11751085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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