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Steinacker P, Weidehaas K, Cepek L, Feneberg E, Kretzschmar HA, Otto M. Influence of the blood-CSF-barrier function on S100B in neurodegenerative diseases. Acta Neurol Scand 2013; 128:249-56. [PMID: 23510454 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES S100B was proposed to be a CSF and blood biomarker in a number of neurological diseases. The route of S100B to the CSF and the blood in neurodegenerative diseases is unclear. To assess the impact of the physiological or impaired blood-CSF-barrier (BCSFB) function on S100B concentrations in CSF and serum, we analysed S100B in correlation of the albumin quotient. MATERIALS AND METHODS S100Bserum and S100BCSF were quantified in samples from patients with a variety of neurological diseases using an immunoluminometric assay (Sangtec LIA-mat). Measures were analysed for a potential relation to the CSF/serum-albumin quotient (Qalb ), which indicates the BCSFB functionality. RESULTS We reasserted increased S100B concentrations in CSF and serum of CJD patients. Elevated S100Bserum correlated with elevated S100BCSF in all diagnoses but with exceptions. Neither S100BCSF nor S100Bserum did correlate with Qalb , even when the BCSFB function was progressively impaired as demonstrated by increased Qalb . CONCLUSIONS The lack of correlation between Qalb and S100BCSF is typically seen for proteins which are brain derived. Therefore, we propose that S100B enters the blood with the bulk flow via Pacchioni's granules and along the spinal nerve sheaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Steinacker
- Department of Neurology; University of Ulm; Ulm; Germany
| | - K. Weidehaas
- Department of Neurology; University of Ulm; Ulm; Germany
| | - L. Cepek
- Department of Neurology; University of Ulm; Ulm; Germany
| | - E. Feneberg
- Department of Neurology; University of Ulm; Ulm; Germany
| | - H. A. Kretzschmar
- Centre for Neuropathology and Prion Research; Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich; Munich; Germany
| | - M. Otto
- Department of Neurology; University of Ulm; Ulm; Germany
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Jesse S, Steinacker P, Lehnert S, Sdzuj M, Cepek L, Papst A, Tumani H, Schmidt H, Otto M. Differentialdiagnose bakterielle versus virale Meningitis – Gibt die Messung von GFAP-Messung eine relevante Zusatzinformation? Akt Neurol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1086557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Mollenhauer B, Bibl M, Esselmann H, Steinacker P, Trenkwalder C, Wiltfang J, Otto M. Tauopathies and synucleinopathies: Do cerebrospinal fluid β-amyloid peptides reflect disease-specific pathogenesis? J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2007; 114:919-27. [PMID: 17318305 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-007-0629-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2006] [Accepted: 01/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate variations in amyloid beta (Abeta) peptide pattern in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in neurodegenerative disorders. A recently established quantitative urea-based Abeta-sodium-dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide-gel-electrophoresis with western immunoblot (Abeta-SDS-PAGE/immunoblot) revealed a highly conserved Abeta peptide (Abeta1-37, 1-38, 1-39, 1-40, 1-42) pattern in CSF. We asked whether the variation might be useful to further elucidate the overlap between or distinctions among neurodegenerative diseases in Abeta-processing. We used the Abeta-SDS-PAGE/immunoblot to investigate CSF for disease-specific Abeta peptide patterns. CSF samples from 96 patients with mainly clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease (n = 15), progressive supranuclear palsy (n = 20), corticobasal degeneration (n = 12), Parkinson's disease (n = 11), multiple systems atrophy (n = 18), and dementia with Lewy-bodies (n = 20) were analysed as well a comparison group (n = 19). The Abeta peptide patterns varied between tauopathies and synucleinopathies and between all diseases and the comparison group, possibly due to the influence of tau and alpha-synuclein on Abeta-processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mollenhauer
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Mollenhauer B, Bibl M, Esselmann H, Steinacker P, Trenkwalder C, Brechlin P, Wiltfang J, Otto M. Selective reduction of amyloid beta42 discriminates Alzheimer's disease from Huntington's disease: indication for distinct pathological events in amyloid beta peptide aggregation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006; 77:1201-3. [PMID: 16549413 PMCID: PMC2077534 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2005.084673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Mollenhauer B, Steinacker P, Schlossmacher M, Locascio J, Wiltfang J, Trenkwalder C, Otto M. H-FABP und Tau Protein: Biomarker Kandidaten für die Demenz mit Lewy Bodies. Akt Neurol 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-953379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Mollenhauer B, Bibl M, Esselmann H, Steinacker P, Trenkwalder C, Wiltfang J, Otto M. Beta-amyloid-Peptid-Spektrum im Liquor von Patienten mit Chorea Huntington. Akt Neurol 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-919518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Mollenhauer B, Bibl M, Trenkwalder C, Stiens G, Cepek L, Steinacker P, Ciesielczyk B, Neubert K, Wiltfang J, Kretzschmar HA, Poser S, Otto M. Follow-up investigations in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2004; 112:933-48. [PMID: 15937638 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-004-0235-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2004] [Accepted: 09/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Measuring proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has gained wide acceptance for the differential diagnosis of dementia. Some groups have already extended these investigations in Alzheimer's disease (AD) by asking how stable these markers are in follow-up analysis, if they depend on the stage of disease and whether they can be used to monitor the progression and biological effects of treatment. We evaluated 21 patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and 19 patients with AD, on two occasions, with regard to levels of tau protein, tau protein phosphorylated at threonine 181 (p-tau), Abeta42, Abeta40 and S-100B protein, using a set of commercially available assays. Tau protein levels were lower in DLB in first and second LP compared to AD and decreased during course of both groups. P-tau levels were increased in AD and DLB and decreased during follow-up. Abeta42 and Abeta40 remained relatively stable during follow-up but we found a slight increase of the median Abeta42 level in DLB, whereas in AD, Abeta42 tends to decrease during follow-up. S-100B protein increased during follow-up in both diseases. The protein dynamics in DLB and AD are relatively similar. S-100B protein may be a useful marker for follow-up in neurodegenerative diseases but has to be analysed in longer follow-up periods. Tau protein may be used to differentiate between DLB and AD. Follow-up CSF analyses are of limited value for the differentiation of AD and DLB. We conclude that more specific markers have to be established for the differentiation and follow-up of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mollenhauer
- Department of Neurology, Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany.
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Baxter HC, Fraser JR, Liu WG, Forster JL, Clokie S, Steinacker P, Otto M, Bahn E, Wiltfang J, Aitken A. Specific 14-3-3 isoform detection and immunolocalization in prion diseases. Biochem Soc Trans 2002; 30:387-91. [PMID: 12196100 DOI: 10.1042/bst0300387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins are involved in signalling processes in neuronal cells. Using isoform-specific antibodies we have examined the variation in 14-3-3 isoform neurolocation in normal and scrapie-infected murine brain and show that in defined areas of the brain there are significant changes associated with the pathology of the disease process. The appearance of 14-3-3 proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a consequence of neuronal disease and the detection of specific isoforms of the 14-3-3 proteins in the CSF is characteristic of some neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, monitoring specifically for the gamma 14-3-3 isoform in the CSF by both Western-blot analysis and ELISA we can show a level of correlation between the assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Baxter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.
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Otto M, Wiltfang J, Cepek L, Neumann M, Mollenhauer B, Steinacker P, Ciesielczyk B, Schulz-Schaeffer W, Kretzschmar HA, Poser S. Tau protein and 14-3-3 protein in the differential diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Neurology 2002; 58:192-7. [PMID: 11805244 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.58.2.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is made according to the typical clinical picture and can be supported by a positive 14-3-3 CSF immunoblot. Promising results for the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of tau-protein measurement in CSF already have been described in a smaller group of patients. Both tests in a larger group of patients with the differential diagnosis of CJD were evaluated. METHODS CSF of 297 patients under the differential diagnosis of CJD (109 definite, 55 probable, 39 possible; 85 others, 1 iatrogenic, 8 genetic), 23 nondemented control subjects, and 15 non-CJD patients with positive 14-3-3 immunoblots were analyzed. The 14-3-3 immunoblot bands were semiquantitatively rated as strong, medium, and weak. Tau-protein was analyzed using a commercially available ELISA. In addition, patients were neuropathologically classified according to prion protein type and polymorphism at codon 129. RESULTS A diagnostic sensitivity of 94%, a diagnostic specificity of 90%, and a positive predictive value of 92% were achieved for tau-protein at a cut-off of 1,300 pg/mL. These results are comparable with those of the 14-3-3 immunoblot. For patients with type II prion protein and methionine/valine or valine/valine polymorphism at codon 129, tau-protein has a higher diagnostic sensitivity than 14-3-3 protein. Tau-protein levels were significantly higher in patients with higher-rated 14-3-3 immunoblot bands. CONCLUSION The differential diagnostic significance of the 14-3-3 immunoblot is similar to that of the tau-protein ELISA. The advantage of the tau-protein ELISA is that it is easy to use in routine laboratories. Patients with a negative 14-3-3 immunoblot already have measurable tau-protein levels. This increases information on 14-3-3-negative patients with CJD and especially on patients with other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Otto
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Germany.
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Otto M, Esselmann H, Schulz-Shaeffer W, Neumann M, Schröter A, Ratzka P, Cepek L, Zerr I, Steinacker P, Windl O, Kornhuber J, Kretzschmar HA, Poser S, Wiltfang J. Decreased beta-amyloid1-42 in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Neurology 2000; 54:1099-102. [PMID: 10720281 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.54.5.1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Decreased levels of Abeta1-42 are found in CSF of patients with AD. Because early stages of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and AD share several clinical features, we investigated Abeta1-42 levels in CSF of these groups, inferring that this might give additional help in differentiating patients with CJD from AD patients. METHODS We investigated 27 patients with CJD, 14 patients with AD, 19 patients with other dementias, and 20 nondemented controls (NDC) for Abeta1-42 in CSF. Twenty-four of the 27 CJD patients were neuropathologically verified. All the neuropathologically verified patients presented with a type 1 prion protein pattern. CJD patients were all homozygous for methionine at codon 129. Except in five CJD patients, no beta-amyloid plaques were seen. Additionally, APOE status was determined in patients with CJD. RESULTS Levels of Abeta1-42 in CSF were decreased in patients with AD as well as in CJD. Levels of Abeta1-42 in CSF of patients with CJD and AD were significantly different from the other dementia and NDC groups. There was no substantial difference between the CJD and AD groups (p = 0.66). Decreased levels of Abeta1-42 did not correlate with the APOE epsilon4 load in patients with CJD. CONCLUSION Low levels of Abeta1-42 in CSF do not exclude a diagnosis of CJD. Decreased levels of Abeta1-42 in CSF can occur without beta-amyloid plaque formation in the brain. However, the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon must be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Otto
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Germany.
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Steinacker P, Awni LA, Becker S, Cole T, Reymann S, Hesse D, Kratzin HD, Morris-Wortmann C, Schwarzer C, Thinnes FP, Hilschmann N. The plasma membrane of Xenopus laevis oocytes contains voltage-dependent anion-selective porin channels. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2000; 32:225-34. [PMID: 10687956 DOI: 10.1016/s1357-2725(99)00124-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent patch-clamp studies have shown that anti-porin antibodies, applied to the external side of excised plasma membrane patches of mammalian astrocytes, close chloride channels that are thought to be engaged in cell volume regulation. Frog oocytes are often used to study this basic cell function. Here we document the localisation of endogenous porin voltage-dependent anion-selective channels in Xenopus laevis oocyte plasma membranes. In confocal laser microscopy images a disjunctive pattern of fluorescing spots appear about 10 microm apart. Labelling was prevented by preabsorption of the antibodies with synthetic peptides comprising the epitope of the antigen. Immuno-gold marking of oocyte surfaces followed by silver enhancement of the gold particles lead to a plasma membrane labelling corresponding to that obtained by the confocal laser approach. The data suggests the presence of voltage-dependent, anion-selective channels in oocyte plasma membranes. This data should be borne in mind when frog oocytes are used to study the characteristics of endogenous or heterologously expressed ion channels or regulatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Steinacker
- Max-Planck-Institut für Experimentelle Medizin, Abteilung Immunchemie, Göttingen, Germany
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Wiltfang J, Otto M, Baxter HC, Bodemer M, Steinacker P, Bahn E, Zerr I, Kornhuber J, Kretzschmar HA, Poser S, Rüther E, Aitken A. Isoform pattern of 14-3-3 proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. J Neurochem 1999; 73:2485-90. [PMID: 10582609 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0732485.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of CSF has been used in the diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). One of the two diagnostic protein spots was identified as isoform(s) of the 14-3-3 family of abundant brain proteins. This has led to the development of one-dimensional 14-3-3 sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis immunoblot, which is currently used to support the diagnosis of CJD. In the present study employing western blot analysis, we have identified the panel of 14-3-3 isoforms that appear in the CSF of 10 patients with CJD compared with 10 patients with other dementias. The results clearly show that the 14-3-3 isoforms beta, gamma, epsilon, and eta are present in the CSF of patients with CJD and can be used to differentiate other dementias. 14-3-3eta also gave a baseline signal in all patients with other dementias, including six patients with Alzheimer's disease. The presence of 14-3-3eta in the CSF of a patient with herpes simplex encephalitis was particularly noteworthy. This study has determined that isoform-specific 14-3-3 antibodies against beta, gamma, and epsilon should be considered for the neurochemical differentiation of CJD from other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Göttingen, Germany
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Reymann S, Flörke H, Heiden M, Jakob C, Stadtmüller U, Steinacker P, Lalk VE, Pardowitz I, Thinnes FP. Further evidence for multitopological localization of mammalian porin (VDAC) in the plasmalemma forming part of a chloride channel complex affected in cystic fibrosis and encephalomyopathy. Biochem Mol Med 1995; 54:75-87. [PMID: 8581362 DOI: 10.1006/bmme.1995.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Reymann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Experimentelle Medizin, Abteilung Immunchemie, Göttingen, Germany
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