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Zhu Z, Becam I, Tovey CA, Elfarkouchi A, Yen EC, Bernard F, Guichet A, Conduit PT. Multifaceted modes of γ-tubulin complex recruitment and microtubule nucleation at mitotic centrosomes. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202212043. [PMID: 37698931 PMCID: PMC10497398 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202212043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubule nucleation is mediated by γ-tubulin ring complexes (γ-TuRCs). In most eukaryotes, a GCP4/5/4/6 "core" complex promotes γ-tubulin small complex (γ-TuSC) association to generate cytosolic γ-TuRCs. Unlike γ-TuSCs, however, this core complex is non-essential in various species and absent from budding yeasts. In Drosophila, Spindle defective-2 (Spd-2) and Centrosomin (Cnn) redundantly recruit γ-tubulin complexes to mitotic centrosomes. Here, we show that Spd-2 recruits γ-TuRCs formed via the GCP4/5/4/6 core, but Cnn can recruit γ-TuSCs directly via its well-conserved CM1 domain, similar to its homologs in budding yeast. When centrosomes fail to recruit γ-tubulin complexes, they still nucleate microtubules via the TOG domain protein Mini-spindles (Msps), but these microtubules have different dynamic properties. Our data, therefore, help explain the dispensability of the GCP4/5/4/6 core and highlight the robustness of centrosomes as microtubule organizing centers. They also suggest that the dynamic properties of microtubules are influenced by how they are nucleated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Zhu
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Isabelle Becam
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Corinne A. Tovey
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Abir Elfarkouchi
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Eugenie C. Yen
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fred Bernard
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Guichet
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Paul T. Conduit
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
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2
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Consolati T, Locke J, Roostalu J, Chen ZA, Gannon J, Asthana J, Lim WM, Martino F, Cvetkovic MA, Rappsilber J, Costa A, Surrey T. Microtubule Nucleation Properties of Single Human γTuRCs Explained by Their Cryo-EM Structure. Dev Cell 2020; 53:603-617.e8. [PMID: 32433913 PMCID: PMC7280788 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The γ-tubulin ring complex (γTuRC) is the major microtubule nucleator in cells. The mechanism of its regulation is not understood. We purified human γTuRC and measured its nucleation properties in a total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy-based real-time nucleation assay. We find that γTuRC stably caps the minus ends of microtubules that it nucleates stochastically. Nucleation is inefficient compared with microtubule elongation. The 4 Å resolution cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of γTuRC, combined with crosslinking mass spectrometry analysis, reveals an asymmetric conformation with only part of the complex in a "closed" conformation matching the microtubule geometry. Actin in the core of the complex, and MZT2 at the outer perimeter of the closed part of γTuRC appear to stabilize the closed conformation. The opposite side of γTuRC is in an "open," nucleation-incompetent conformation, leading to a structural asymmetry explaining the low nucleation efficiency of purified human γTuRC. Our data suggest possible regulatory mechanisms for microtubule nucleation by γTuRC closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Consolati
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia Locke
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | - Zhuo Angel Chen
- Bioanalytics, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Julian Gannon
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Jayant Asthana
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wei Ming Lim
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Juri Rappsilber
- Bioanalytics, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alessandro Costa
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
| | - Thomas Surrey
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Passeig de Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
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3
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Roll-Mecak A. How cells exploit tubulin diversity to build functional cellular microtubule mosaics. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 56:102-108. [PMID: 30466050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cellular microtubules are mosaic polymers assembled from multiple αβ-tubulin isoforms bearing chemically diverse posttranslational modifications. This tubulin diversity constitutes a combinatorial code that regulates microtubule interactions with cellular effectors and alters their intrinsic dynamic and mechanical properties. Cells generate stereotyped and complex tubulin modification patterns that are important for their specialized functions. Here we give a brief overview of the tubulin genetic and chemical diversity and highlight recent advances in our understanding of how the tubulin code regulates essential biological processes ranging from intracellular cargo transport, to cell division and cardiomyocyte contraction. Finally, we speculate on the molecular mechanisms for the generation and maintenance of the complex stereotyped modification patterns that form cellular microtubule mosaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina Roll-Mecak
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, MD 20892, USA.
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4
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Roostalu J, Surrey T. Microtubule nucleation: beyond the template. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2017; 18:702-710. [PMID: 28831203 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2017.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules are cytoskeletal filaments central to a wide range of essential cellular functions in eukaryotic cells. Consequently, cells need to exert tight control over when, where and how many microtubules are being made. Whereas the regulation of microtubule dynamics is well studied, the molecular mechanisms of microtubule nucleation are still poorly understood. Next to the established master template of nucleation, the γ-tubulin ring complex, other microtubule-associated proteins that affect microtubule dynamic properties have recently been found to contribute to nucleation. It has begun to emerge that the nucleation efficiency is controlled not only by template activity but also by, either additionally or alternatively, the stabilization of the nascent microtubule 'nucleus'. This suggests a simple conceptual framework for the mechanisms regulating microtubule nucleation in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Surrey
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
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5
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Bhunia D, Chowdhury R, Bhattacharyya K, Ghosh S. Fluorescence fluctuation of an antigen-antibody complex: circular dichroism, FCS and smFRET of enhanced GFP and its antibody. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 17:25250-9. [PMID: 26353083 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04908c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The structure and dynamics of an antigen-antibody complex are monitored by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and single molecule FRET (smFRET). In this work, the antigen is enhanced GFP (EGFP) and the antibody is anti-EGFP VHH-His6. From FCS measurements, the hydrodynamic radius (rH) of EGFP and its antibody (VHH-His6) is found to be 24 ± 2 Å and 18 ± 2 Å, respectively. For the antigen-antibody complex (EGFP:anti-EGFP VHH-His6), rH is 41 ± 3 Å. CD spectra indicate that the addition of guanidium hydrochloride (GdnHCl) causes unfolding of the antigen, its antibody and their complex, and a consequent increase in size is observed from FCS data. smFRET between EGFP (donor, D) and Alexa 594 (acceptor, A) bound to anti-EGFP VHH-His6 reveals a time dependent fluctuation in donor-acceptor distances. This suggests that the structure of the antigen-antibody complex is dynamic in nature and is not rigid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debmalya Bhunia
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India.
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6
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Denning D, Roos WH. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying cellular response to biophysical cues using synthetic biology approaches. Cell Adh Migr 2016; 10:540-553. [PMID: 27266767 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2016.1170259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of synthetic surfaces and materials to influence and study cell behavior has vastly progressed our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in cellular response to physicochemical and biophysical cues. Reconstituting cytoskeletal proteins and interfacing them with a defined microenvironment has also garnered deep insight into the engineering mechanisms existing within the cell. This review presents recent experimental findings on the influence of several parameters of the extracellular environment on cell behavior and fate, such as substrate topography, stiffness, chemistry and charge. In addition, the use of synthetic environments to measure physical properties of the reconstituted cytoskeleton and their interaction with intracellular proteins such as molecular motors is discussed, which is relevant for understanding cell migration, division and structural integrity, as well as intracellular transport. Insight is provided regarding the next steps to be taken in this interdisciplinary field, in order to achieve the global aim of artificially directing cellular response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Denning
- a Moleculaire Biofysica , Zernike instituut, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Wouter H Roos
- a Moleculaire Biofysica , Zernike instituut, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
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7
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Kim CH, Bang JH, Hong KB, Park MH. Fabrication of highly photoluminescent quantum dot-polymer composite micropatterned surface using thiol-ene chemistry. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra19581d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The fabrication of a micropatterned QD composite with superior PL properties in that the presence of a positive charge on the QDs enhances the dispersion interaction between the QDs, and the allylic group enables the QDs to form strong chemical binding to the polymer matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Sahmyook University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyuk Bang
- Department of Chemistry
- Sahmyook University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Bum Hong
- New Drug Development Center (NDDC)
- Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF)
- Daegu
- Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Hwan Park
- Department of Chemistry
- Sahmyook University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
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8
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Roostalu J, Cade NI, Surrey T. Complementary activities of TPX2 and chTOG constitute an efficient importin-regulated microtubule nucleation module. Nat Cell Biol 2015; 17:1422-34. [PMID: 26414402 PMCID: PMC4826748 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Spindle assembly and function require precise control of microtubule nucleation and dynamics. The chromatin-driven spindle assembly pathway exerts such control locally in the vicinity of chromosomes. One of the key targets of this pathway is TPX2. The molecular mechanism of how TPX2 stimulates microtubule nucleation is not understood. Using microscopy-based dynamic in vitro reconstitution assays with purified proteins, we find that human TPX2 directly stabilizes growing microtubule ends and stimulates microtubule nucleation by stabilizing early microtubule nucleation intermediates. Human microtubule polymerase chTOG (XMAP215/Msps/Stu2p/Dis1/Alp14 homologue) only weakly promotes nucleation, but acts synergistically with TPX2. Hence, a combination of distinct and complementary activities is sufficient for efficient microtubule formation in vitro. Importins control the efficiency of the microtubule nucleation by selectively blocking the interaction of TPX2 with microtubule nucleation intermediates. This in vitro reconstitution reveals the molecular mechanism of regulated microtubule formation by a minimal nucleation module essential for chromatin-dependent microtubule nucleation in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Roostalu
- The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas I. Cade
- The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Surrey
- The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, United Kingdom
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9
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Abstract
In living cells, the architecture of the microtubule cytoskeleton is intimately linked to its function. The principles determining how microtubules arrange in space are, however, still not fully understood. Biochemical activities controlling microtubule nucleation and dynamics as well as mechanochemical activities exerted by molecular motors and the dynamic microtubules themselves are known to be critical for the correct spatial organization of the microtubule cytoskeleton. In vitro reconstitution approaches have revealed the morphogenetic properties of these activities in minimal systems. In most cases, such in vitro experiments were performed in experimental chambers of spatial dimensions that exceeded typical cell sizes by orders of magnitude. Here, we describe a method for the fluorescence microscopic study of the effects of spatial confinement on the self-organization of purified motors and microtubules that are encapsulated in micrometer-sized lipid-monolayered droplets emulsified in oil. In the future, this experimental setup can be extended in several ways. Additional proteins can be added, either to the lumen or to the boundary of the microcontainers, and the droplets can be transformed into liposomes. Such more complex in vitro reconstitutions would be another step closer to mimicking intracellular cytoskeleton organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hella Baumann
- London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, London, UK
| | - Thomas Surrey
- London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, London, UK
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10
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Hepperla AJ, Willey PT, Coombes CE, Schuster BM, Gerami-Nejad M, McClellan M, Mukherjee S, Fox J, Winey M, Odde DJ, O'Toole E, Gardner MK. Minus-end-directed Kinesin-14 motors align antiparallel microtubules to control metaphase spindle length. Dev Cell 2015; 31:61-72. [PMID: 25313961 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
During cell division, a microtubule-based mitotic spindle mediates the faithful segregation of duplicated chromosomes into daughter cells. Proper length control of the metaphase mitotic spindle is critical to this process and is thought to be achieved through a mechanism in which spindle pole separation forces from plus-end-directed motors are balanced by forces from minus-end-directed motors that pull spindle poles together. However, in contrast to this model, metaphase mitotic spindles with inactive kinesin-14 minus-end-directed motors often have shorter spindle lengths, along with poorly aligned spindle microtubules. A mechanistic explanation for this paradox is unknown. Using computational modeling, in vitro reconstitution, live-cell fluorescence microscopy, and electron microscopy, we now find that the budding yeast kinesin-14 molecular motor Kar3-Cik1 can efficiently align spindle microtubules along the spindle axis. This then allows plus-end-directed kinesin-5 motors to efficiently exert the outward microtubule sliding forces needed for proper spindle bipolarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin J Hepperla
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Patrick T Willey
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Courtney E Coombes
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Breanna M Schuster
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Maryam Gerami-Nejad
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Mark McClellan
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Janet Fox
- MCD Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Mark Winey
- MCD Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - David J Odde
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Eileen O'Toole
- MCD Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Melissa K Gardner
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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11
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Mondal P, Chattoraj S, Chowdhury R, Bhunia D, Ghosh S, Bhattacharyya K. Direct observation of the growth and shrinkage of microtubules by single molecule Förster resonance energy transfer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:6687-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp06031h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Single molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) has been applied to monitor the growth and the shrinkage of the dynamic microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Mondal
- Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Jadavpur
- India
| | - Shyamtanu Chattoraj
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Jadavpur
- India
| | - Rajdeep Chowdhury
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Jadavpur
- India
| | - Debmalya Bhunia
- Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Jadavpur
- India
| | - Surajit Ghosh
- Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Jadavpur
- India
| | - Kankan Bhattacharyya
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Jadavpur
- India
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12
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Baumann H, Surrey T. Motor-mediated cortical versus astral microtubule organization in lipid-monolayered droplets. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:22524-35. [PMID: 24966327 PMCID: PMC4139258 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.582015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The correct spatial organization of microtubules is of crucial importance for determining the internal architecture of eukaryotic cells. Microtubules are arranged in space by a multitude of biochemical activities and by spatial constraints imposed by the cell boundary. The principles underlying the establishment of distinct intracellular architectures are only poorly understood. Here, we studied the effect of spatial confinement on the self-organization of purified motors and microtubules that are encapsulated in lipid-monolayered droplets in oil, varying in diameter from 5-100 μm, which covers the size range of typical cell bodies. We found that droplet size alone had a major organizing influence. The presence of a microtubule-crosslinking motor protein decreased the number of accessible types of microtubule organizations. Depending on the degree of spatial confinement, the presence of the motor caused either the formation of a cortical array of bent microtubule bundles or the generation of single microtubule asters in the droplets. These are two of the most prominent forms of microtubule arrangements in plant and metazoan cells. Our results provide insights into the combined organizing influence of spatial constraints and cross-linking motor activities determining distinct microtubule architectures in a minimal biomimetic system. In the future, this simple lipid-monolayered droplet system characterized here can be expanded readily to include further biochemical activities or used as the starting point for the investigation of motor-mediated microtubule organization inside liposomes surrounded by a deformable lipid bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hella Baumann
- From the London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Surrey
- From the London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, United Kingdom
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13
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Kawamura R, Sano KI, Ijiro K, Osada Y. Chemically cross-linked microtubule assembly shows enhanced dynamic motions on kinesins. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04491f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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14
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Biswas A, Saha A, Ghosh D, Jana B, Ghosh S. Co- and distinct existence of Tris-NTA and biotin functionalities on individual and adjacent micropatterned surfaces generated by photo-destruction. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:2341-2345. [PMID: 24623362 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm53000k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Micropatterned surfaces with Tris-NTA and biotin functionalities both in the same micropattern as well as individually in adjacent micropatterns are generated by UV light illumination through photo-masks. These surfaces are extremely useful for the immobilization of oligohistidine and biotin tagged multiple biomolecules/proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Biswas
- Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India.
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15
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Abstract
The following protocol describes a method to control the orientation and polarity of polymerizing microtubules (MTs). Reconstitution of specific geometries of dynamic MT networks is achieved using a ultraviolet (UV) micropatterning technique in combination with stabilized MT microseeds. The process is described in three main parts. First, the surface is passivated to avoid the non-specific absorption of proteins, using different polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based surface treatment. Second, specific adhesive surfaces (the micropatterns) are imprinted through a photomask using deep UVs. Lastly, MT microseeds are adhered to the micropatterns followed by MT polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Portran
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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16
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Fourniol FJ, Li TD, Bieling P, Mullins RD, Fletcher DA, Surrey T. Micropattern-guided assembly of overlapping pairs of dynamic microtubules. Methods Enzymol 2014; 540:339-60. [PMID: 24630116 PMCID: PMC4094349 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-397924-7.00019-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between antiparallel microtubules are essential for the organization of spindles in dividing cells. The ability to form immobilized antiparallel microtubule pairs in vitro, combined with the ability to image them via TIRF microscopy, permits detailed biochemical characterization of microtubule cross-linking proteins and their effects on microtubule dynamics. Here, we describe methods for chemical micropatterning of microtubule seeds on glass surfaces in configurations that specifically promote the formation of antiparallel microtubule overlaps in vitro. We demonstrate that this assay is especially well suited for reconstitution of minimal midzone overlaps stabilized by the antiparallel microtubule cross-linking protein PRC1 and its binding partners. The micropatterning method is suitable for use with a broad range of proteins, and the assay is generally applicable to any microtubule cross-linking protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck J Fourniol
- London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tai-De Li
- Department of Bioengineering and Biophysics Group, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Peter Bieling
- Department of Bioengineering and Biophysics Group, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - R Dyche Mullins
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel A Fletcher
- Department of Bioengineering and Biophysics Group, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
| | - Thomas Surrey
- London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, London, United Kingdom.
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17
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Biswas A, Kurkute P, Jana B, Laskar A, Ghosh S. An amyloid inhibitor octapeptide forms amyloid type fibrous aggregates and affects microtubule motility. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:2604-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc49396b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Peptide in dual action: an amyloid inhibitor octapeptide spontaneously forms amyloid like fibrillar aggregates in solution and slows down the microtubule gliding speed through strong peptide–tubulin interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Biswas
- Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Prashant Kurkute
- Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Batakrishna Jana
- Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Aparna Laskar
- Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Surajit Ghosh
- Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata-700032, India
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18
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Saha A, Chakraborty I, Kraft C, Bhushan S, Ghosh S. Microtubule nucleation from a functionalised SiO2 EM grid. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40273h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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