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Sidal H, Colakoglu Erkan P, Uslu M, Kocabas F. Development of small-molecule-induced fibroblast expansion technologies. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:1476-1487. [PMID: 32770632 DOI: 10.1002/term.3112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dermal fibroblasts are responsible from the production of extracellular matrix and take role in the closure of skin wounds. Dermal fibroblasts are major cells of origin in the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs) and are historically being used as feeder layer and biofiller in the restorative surgeries. ex vivo expansion of the dermal fibroblasts provides a suitable model to study skin biology and to engineer bioartifical skins. Thus, development of efficient fibroblast expansion technologies gets outmost importance day by day. We sought to identify small molecules that induce ex vivo fibroblast expansion and understand their mechanisms. We analyzed the effect of 35 small molecules, which are expected to target molecular pathways involving cellular quiescence. We have found that small molecules, especially AS1949490 and SKF96365, increase human dermal fibroblast expansion of at least three different fibroblasts. Cell cycle analysis confirms that these small molecules allow cell cycle progression, as evident by increased percentage of cells in S-G2 -M phase of cell cycle. They led to a lower profile of apoptotic or necrotic fibroblasts. Intriguingly, we have found that identified small molecules could also endogenously induce the expression of IPSC generation, collagen synthesis, and aging-related genes. Identified small molecules may contribute to the induction of collagen synthesis in the biofiller products, the development of fibroblast products with better aging profile, and the improvement of IPSC generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humeyra Sidal
- Biology Department, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France.,Regenerative Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pinar Colakoglu Erkan
- Regenerative Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Biotechnology Program, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Uslu
- Regenerative Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Biotechnology Program, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Kocabas
- Regenerative Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Biotechnology Program, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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2
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Khavinson V, Trofimova S, Trofimov A, Solomin I. Molecular-Physiological Aspects of Regulatory Effect of Peptide Retinoprotectors. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2019; 15:439-442. [PMID: 30859383 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-019-09882-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Retinal diseases were always difficult problem for clinical ophthalmology. Modern methods of their treatment only decrease risk of complications, however in Russia was created better technology for this purpose: peptide bioregulators, which were made by sequential adding of amino acids one to another, binding with the promoter region of genes, and promoting retinoprotective effect by regulation of their expression, improving the state of the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Khavinson
- Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontlogy, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Pavlov Institute of Physiology RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - S Trofimova
- Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontlogy, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - A Trofimov
- Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontlogy, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - I Solomin
- Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontlogy, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
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3
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Lenz DR, Gunewardene N, Abdul-Aziz DE, Wang Q, Gibson TM, Edge ASB. Applications of Lgr5-Positive Cochlear Progenitors (LCPs) to the Study of Hair Cell Differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:14. [PMID: 30873406 PMCID: PMC6401656 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The mouse cochlea contains approximately 15,000 hair cells. Its dimensions and location, and the small number of hair cells, make mechanistic, developmental and cellular replacement studies difficult. We recently published a protocol to expand and differentiate murine neonatal cochlear progenitor cells into 3D organoids that recapitulate developmental pathways and can generate large numbers of hair cells with intact stereociliary bundles, molecular markers of the native cells and mechanotransduction channel activity, as indicated by FM1-43 uptake. Here, we elaborate on the method and application of these Lgr5-positive cochlear progenitors, termed LCPs, to the study of inner ear development and differentiation. We demonstrate the use of these cells for testing several drug candidates, gene silencing and overexpression, as well as genomic modification using CRISPR/Cas9. We thus establish LCPs as a valuable in vitro tool for the analysis of progenitor cell manipulation and hair cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle R Lenz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Niliksha Gunewardene
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dunia E Abdul-Aziz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tyler M Gibson
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Albert S B Edge
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
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Abstract
The retina is a very fine and layered neural tissue, which vitally depends on the preservation of cells, structure, connectivity and vasculature to maintain vision. There is an urgent need to find technical and biological solutions to major challenges associated with functional replacement of retinal cells. The major unmet challenges include generating sufficient numbers of specific cell types, achieving functional integration of transplanted cells, especially photoreceptors, and surgical delivery of retinal cells or tissue without triggering immune responses, inflammation and/or remodeling. The advances of regenerative medicine enabled generation of three-dimensional tissues (organoids), partially recreating the anatomical structure, biological complexity and physiology of several tissues, which are important targets for stem cell replacement therapies. Derivation of retinal tissue in a dish creates new opportunities for cell replacement therapies of blindness and addresses the need to preserve retinal architecture to restore vision. Retinal cell therapies aimed at preserving and improving vision have achieved many improvements in the past ten years. Retinal organoid technologies provide a number of solutions to technical and biological challenges associated with functional replacement of retinal cells to achieve long-term vision restoration. Our review summarizes the progress in cell therapies of retina, with focus on human pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal tissue, and critically evaluates the potential of retinal organoid approaches to solve a major unmet clinical need—retinal repair and vision restoration in conditions caused by retinal degeneration and traumatic ocular injuries. We also analyze obstacles in commercialization of retinal organoid technology for clinical application.
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Zhang J, Wang Q, Abdul-Aziz D, Mattiacio J, Edge ASB, White PM. ERBB2 signaling drives supporting cell proliferation in vitro and apparent supernumerary hair cell formation in vivo in the neonatal mouse cochlea. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 48:3299-3316. [PMID: 30270571 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, cochlear hair cells are not regenerated once they are lost, leading to permanent hearing deficits. In other vertebrates, the adjacent supporting cells act as a stem cell compartment, in that they both proliferate and differentiate into de novo auditory hair cells. Although there is evidence that mammalian cochlear supporting cells can differentiate into new hair cells, the signals that regulate this process are poorly characterized. We hypothesize that signaling from the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family may play a role in cochlear regeneration. We focus on one such member, ERBB2, and report the effects of expressing a constitutively active ERBB2 receptor in neonatal mouse cochlear supporting cells, using viruses and transgenic expression. Lineage tracing with fluorescent reporter proteins was used to determine the relationships between cells with active ERBB2 signaling and cells that divided or differentiated into hair cells. In vitro, individual supporting cells harbouring a constitutively active ERBB2 receptor appeared to signal to their neighbouring supporting cells, inducing them to down-regulate a supporting cell marker and to proliferate. In vivo, we found supernumerary hair cell-like cells near supporting cells that expressed ERBB2 receptors. Both supporting cell proliferation and hair cell differentiation were largely reproduced in vitro using small molecules that we show also activate ERBB2. Our data suggest that signaling from the receptor tyrosine kinase ERBB2 can drive the activation of secondary signaling pathways to regulate regeneration, suggesting a new model where an interplay of cell signaling regulates regeneration by endogenous stem-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Zhang
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dunia Abdul-Aziz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonelle Mattiacio
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York
| | - Albert S B Edge
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts.,Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Patricia M White
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ernest J. Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York
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Kimura A, Toyoda T, Nishi Y, Nasu M, Ohta A, Osafune K. Small molecule AT7867 proliferates PDX1-expressing pancreatic progenitor cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2017; 24:61-68. [PMID: 28843156 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While pancreatic islet transplantation achieves insulin independence in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients, its widespread application is limited by donor tissue scarcity. Pancreatic progenitor cells (PPCs) give rise to all cell types in the pancreas during development. PPCs derived from human pluripotent stem cells have been shown to differentiate into functional β cells both in vitro and in vivo, and to reverse hyperglycemia, at least in mice. Therefore, PPCs have great potential to serve as an alternative cell source for cell therapy, and the identification of compounds that facilitate PPC proliferation could provide stable and large-scale pancreatic cell preparation systems in clinical settings. Here, we developed and performed cell-based screens to identify small molecules that induce the proliferation of hiPSC-derived PDX1-expressing PPCs. The screening identified AT7867, which promoted PPC proliferation approximately five-fold within six days through the maintenance of a high Ki67+ cell ratio. The induced proliferation by AT7867 does not result in DNA damage, as revealed by pHH2AX staining, and is observed specifically in PPCs but not other cell types. The established platform utilizing small molecules for PPC proliferation may contribute to the development of cell therapy for T1D using a regenerative medicine approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azuma Kimura
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Taro Toyoda
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Yohei Nishi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Makoto Nasu
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akira Ohta
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kenji Osafune
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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Davies SG, Kennewell PD, Russell AJ, Seden PT, Westwood R, Wynne GM. Stemistry: the control of stem cells in situ using chemistry. J Med Chem 2015; 58:2863-94. [PMID: 25590360 DOI: 10.1021/jm500838d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new paradigm for drug research has emerged, namely the deliberate search for molecules able to selectively affect the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of adult stem cells within the tissues in which they exist. Recently, there has been significant interest in medicinal chemistry toward the discovery and design of low molecular weight molecules that affect stem cells and thus have novel therapeutic activity. We believe that a successful agent from such a discover program would have profound effects on the treatment of many long-term degenerative disorders. Among these conditions are examples such as cardiovascular decay, neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease, and macular degeneration, all of which have significant unmet medical needs. This perspective will review evidence from the literature that indicates that discovery of such agents is achievable and represents a worthwhile pursuit for the skills of the medicinal chemist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G Davies
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Peter D Kennewell
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Angela J Russell
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K.,‡Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, U.K
| | - Peter T Seden
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Robert Westwood
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Graham M Wynne
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
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From confluent human iPS cells to self-forming neural retina and retinal pigmented epithelium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:8518-23. [PMID: 24912154 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1324212111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in retinal-cell therapy derived from human pluripotent stem cells currently faces technical challenges that require the development of easy and standardized protocols. Here, we developed a simple retinal differentiation method, based on confluent human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC), bypassing embryoid body formation and the use of exogenous molecules, coating, or Matrigel. In 2 wk, we generated both retinal pigmented epithelial cells and self-forming neural retina (NR)-like structures containing retinal progenitor cells (RPCs). We report sequential differentiation from RPCs to the seven neuroretinal cell types in maturated NR-like structures as floating cultures, thereby revealing the multipotency of RPCs generated from integration-free hiPSCs. Furthermore, Notch pathway inhibition boosted the generation of photoreceptor precursor cells, crucial in establishing cell therapy strategies. This innovative process proposed here provides a readily efficient and scalable approach to produce retinal cells for regenerative medicine and for drug-screening purposes, as well as an in vitro model of human retinal development and disease.
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9
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Auld D, Lea W, Davis MI, Simeonov A. Literature Search and Review. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1089/adt.2013.1108.lr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Doug Auld
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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