1
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Macyszyn J, Burmistrz M, Mieczkowski A, Wojciechowska M, Trylska J. Conjugates of Aminoglycosides with Stapled Peptides as a Way to Target Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:19047-19056. [PMID: 37273645 PMCID: PMC10233823 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The misuse and overuse of antibiotics led to the development of bacterial resistance to existing aminoglycoside (AMG) antibiotics and limited their use. Consequently, there is a growing need to develop effective antimicrobials against multidrug-resistant bacteria. To target resistant strains, we propose to combine 2-deoxystreptamine AMGs, neomycin (NEO) and amikacin (AMK), with a membrane-active antimicrobial peptide anoplin and its hydrocarbon stapled derivative. The AMG-peptide hybrids were conjugated using the click chemistry reaction in solution to obtain a non-cleavable triazole linker and by disulfide bridge formation on the resin to obtain a linker cleavable in the bacterial cytoplasm. Homo-dimers connected via disulfide bridges between the N-terminus thiol analogues of anoplin and hydrocarbon stapled anoplin were also synthesized. These hybrid compounds show a notable increase in antibacterial and bactericidal activity, as compared to the unconjugated ones or their combinations, against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, especially for the strains resistant to AMK or NEO. The conjugates and disulfide peptide dimers exhibit low hemolytic activity on sheep red blood erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Macyszyn
- Centre
of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Burmistrz
- Centre
of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Mieczkowski
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Wojciechowska
- Centre
of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Trylska
- Centre
of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Ayon NJ. High-Throughput Screening of Natural Product and Synthetic Molecule Libraries for Antibacterial Drug Discovery. Metabolites 2023; 13:625. [PMID: 37233666 PMCID: PMC10220967 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the continued emergence of resistance and a lack of new and promising antibiotics, bacterial infection has become a major public threat. High-throughput screening (HTS) allows rapid screening of a large collection of molecules for bioactivity testing and holds promise in antibacterial drug discovery. More than 50% of the antibiotics that are currently available on the market are derived from natural products. However, with the easily discoverable antibiotics being found, finding new antibiotics from natural sources has seen limited success. Finding new natural sources for antibacterial activity testing has also proven to be challenging. In addition to exploring new sources of natural products and synthetic biology, omics technology helped to study the biosynthetic machinery of existing natural sources enabling the construction of unnatural synthesizers of bioactive molecules and the identification of molecular targets of antibacterial agents. On the other hand, newer and smarter strategies have been continuously pursued to screen synthetic molecule libraries for new antibiotics and new druggable targets. Biomimetic conditions are explored to mimic the real infection model to better study the ligand-target interaction to enable the designing of more effective antibacterial drugs. This narrative review describes various traditional and contemporaneous approaches of high-throughput screening of natural products and synthetic molecule libraries for antibacterial drug discovery. It further discusses critical factors for HTS assay design, makes a general recommendation, and discusses possible alternatives to traditional HTS of natural products and synthetic molecule libraries for antibacterial drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid J Ayon
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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3
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Tai CJ, Chao CH, Ahmed AF, Yen CH, Hwang TL, Chang FR, Huang YM, Sheu JH. New 3,4- seco-3,19-Dinor- and Spongian-Based Diterpenoid Lactones from the Marine Sponge Spongia sp. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021252. [PMID: 36674768 PMCID: PMC9860656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Continuing chemical investigation of the Red Sea sponge Spongia sp. led to the isolation of four new 3,4-seco-3,19-dinorspongian diterpenoid lactones, secodinorspongins A-D (1-4), along with a classical spongian diterpenoid lactone, sponginolide (5). The chemical structures, including the absolute configurations of these compounds, were elucidated using the extensive spectroscopic study composed of 1D and 2D NMR data analyses, and a comparison between calculated-electronic-circular-dichroism (ECD) and experimental-circular-dichroism (CD) spectra. A plausible biosynthetic pathway of 1-4 was also proposed. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of 1-5 were evaluated. Compound 1 was found to exhibit inhibitory activity against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and 4 and 5 exhibited suppression of superoxide-anion generation and elastase release in fMLF/CB-induced human neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Jen Tai
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 944401, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hua Chao
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40604, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40604, Taiwan
| | - Atallah F. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Chia-Hung Yen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- National Natural Product Libraries and High-Throughput Screening Core Facility, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Healthy Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yusheng M. Huang
- Department of Marine Recreation, National Penghu University of Science and Technology, Magong 88046, Taiwan
- Tropical Island Sustainable Development Research Center, National Penghu University of Science and Technology, Magong 88046, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Horng Sheu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-525-2000 (ext. 5030); Fax: +886-7-525-5020
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4
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Martin C, Bonnet M, Patino N, Azoulay S, Di Giorgio A, Duca M. Design, synthesis and evaluation of neomycin‐imidazole conjugates for RNA cleavage. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200250. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Martin
- Université Côte d'Azur Faculté des Sciences: Universite Cote d'Azur Faculte des Sciences Institut de Chimie de Nice 28 Avenue Valrose 06100 Nice FRANCE
| | - Maurinne Bonnet
- Université Côte d'Azur Faculté des Sciences: Universite Cote d'Azur Faculte des Sciences Institut de Chimie de Nice 28 Avenue Valrose 06100 Nice FRANCE
| | - Nadia Patino
- Université Côte d'Azur Faculté des Sciences: Universite Cote d'Azur Faculte des Sciences Institut de Chimie de Nice 28 Avenue Valrose 06100 Nice FRANCE
| | - Stéphane Azoulay
- Université Côte d'Azur Faculté des Sciences: Universite Cote d'Azur Faculte des Sciences Institut de Chimie de Nice 28 Avenue Valrose 06100 Nice FRANCE
| | - Audrey Di Giorgio
- Université Côte d'Azur Faculté des Sciences: Universite Cote d'Azur Faculte des Sciences Institut de Chimie de Nice 28 Avenue Valrose 06100 Nice FRANCE
| | - Maria Duca
- Institut de Chimie de Nice Université Côte d'Azur Parc Valrose 06100 Nice FRANCE
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5
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Spongenolactones A–C, Bioactive 5,5,6,6,5-Pentacyclic Spongian Diterpenes from the Red Sea Sponge Spongia sp. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080498. [PMID: 36005501 PMCID: PMC9410434 DOI: 10.3390/md20080498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new 5,5,6,6,5-pentacyclic spongian diterpenes, spongenolactones A–C (1–3), were isolated from a Red Sea sponge Spongia sp. The structures of the new metabolites were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and the absolute configurations of 1–3 were determined on the basis of comparison of the experimental circular dichroism (CD) and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Compounds 1–3 are the first 5,5,6,6,5-pentacyclic spongian diterpenes bearing an β-hydroxy group at C-1. These metabolites were assayed for their cytotoxic, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities. All three compounds were found to exert inhibitory activity against superoxide anion generation in fMLF/CB-stimulated human neutrophils. Furthermore, 1 showed a higher activity against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in comparison to 2.
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6
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Obszynski J, Loidon H, Blanc A, Weibel JM, Pale P. Targeted modifications of neomycin and paromomycin: Towards resistance-free antibiotics? Bioorg Chem 2022; 126:105824. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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7
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Tai CJ, Ahmed AF, Chao CH, Yen CH, Hwang TL, Chang FR, Huang YM, Sheu JH. The Chemically Highly Diversified Metabolites from the Red Sea Marine Sponge Spongia sp. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20040241. [PMID: 35447914 PMCID: PMC9028682 DOI: 10.3390/md20040241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A polyoxygenated and halogenated labdane, spongianol (1); a polyoxygenated steroid, 3β,5α,9α-trihydroxy-24S-ethylcholest-7-en-6-one (2); a rare seven-membered lactone B ring, (22E,24S)-ergosta-7,22-dien-3β,5α-diol-6,5-olide (3); and an α,β-unsaturated fatty acid, (Z)-3-methyl-9-oxodec-2-enoic acid (4) as well as five known compounds, 10-hydroxykahukuene B (5), pacifenol (6), dysidamide (7), 7,7,7-trichloro-3-hydroxy-2,2,6-trimethyl-4-(4,4,4-trichloro-3-methyl-1-oxobu-tylamino)-heptanoic acid methyl ester (8), and the primary metabolite 2’-deoxynucleoside thymidine (9), have been isolated from the Red Sea sponge Spongia sp. The stereoisomer of 3 was discovered in Ganoderma resinaceum, and metabolites 5 and 6, isolated previously from red algae, were characterized unprecedentedly in the sponge. Compounds 7 and 8 have not been found before in the genus Spongia. Compounds 1–9 were also assayed for cytotoxicity as well as antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Jen Tai
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| | - Atallah F. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Chih-Hua Chao
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan;
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Yen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-H.Y.); (F.-R.C.)
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Healthy Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-H.Y.); (F.-R.C.)
| | - Yusheng M. Huang
- Department of Marine Recreation, National Penghu University of Science and Technology, Magong 880011, Taiwan;
- Tropical Island Sustainable Development Research Center, National Penghu University of Science and Technology, Magong 880011, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Horng Sheu
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-H.Y.); (F.-R.C.)
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-525-2000 (ext. 5030); Fax: +886-7-525-5020
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8
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Ghosh A, Ranjan N, Jiang L, Ansari AH, Degyatoreva N, Ahluwalia S, Arya DP, Maiti S. Fine-tuning miR-21 expression and inhibition of EMT in breast cancer cells using aromatic-neomycin derivatives. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 27:685-698. [PMID: 35070496 PMCID: PMC8763640 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are a class of endogenously expressed non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression within cells and participate in maintaining cellular homeostasis. By targeting 3' UTRs of target genes, individual miRs can control a wide array of gene expressions. Previous research has shed light upon the fact that aberrantly expressed miRs within cells can pertain to diseased conditions, such as cancer. Malignancies caused due to miRs are because of the high expression of onco-miRs or feeble expression of tumor-suppressing miRs. Studies have also shown miRs to engage in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), which allows cancer cells to become more invasive and metastasize. miR-21 is an onco-miR highly expressed in breast cancer cells and targets protein PTEN, which abrogates EMT. Therefore, we discuss an approach where in-house-developed peptidic amino sugar molecules have been used to target pre-miR-21 to inhibit miR-21 biogenesis, and hence antagonize its tumor-causing effect and inhibit EMT. Our study shows that small-molecule-based fine-tuning of miR expression can cause genotypic as well as phenotypic changes and also reinstates the potential and importance of nucleic acid therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Ghosh
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, Delhi 110025, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR- Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nihar Ranjan
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Liuwei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Asgar Hussain Ansari
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, Delhi 110025, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR- Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Shivaksh Ahluwalia
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, Delhi 110025, India.,Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Dev P Arya
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.,NUBAD LLC, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
| | - Souvik Maiti
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, Delhi 110025, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR- Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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9
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Tevyashova AN, Shapovalova KS. Potential for the Development of a New Generation of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics. Pharm Chem J 2022; 55:860-875. [PMID: 35039693 PMCID: PMC8754558 DOI: 10.1007/s11094-021-02510-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present review summarizes recent publications devoted to aminoglycosides that study the main types of resistance to antibiotics of this class and the main directions of chemical modification aimed at overcoming the resistance or changing the spectrum of biological activity. Conjugates of aminoglycosides with various pharmacophores including amino acids, peptides, peptide nucleic acids, nucleic bases, and several other biologically active molecules and modifications resulting in other types of biological activity of this class of antibiotics are described. It is concluded that a promising research direction aimed at increasing the activity of antibiotics against resistant strains is the search for selective inhibitors of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. This would allow renewal of the use of antibiotics already meeting widespread resistance and would increase the potential of a new generation of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. N. Tevyashova
- G. F. Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11/1 B. Pirogovskaya St, Moscow, 119021 Russia
| | - K. S. Shapovalova
- G. F. Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11/1 B. Pirogovskaya St, Moscow, 119021 Russia
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10
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Parameswaran P, Ranjan N, Flora SJS. New Approaches in Sensing and Targeting Bacterial rRNA A-site. Med Chem 2021; 17:299-309. [PMID: 31660840 DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666191011160035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
New chemical agents that could combat increasing antibiotic resistance are urgently needed. In this mini-review, an old but highly relevant RNA sequence which is crucial for the continuation of bacterial life-cycle is covered. Some of the most significant advances of the last decade in sensing and targeting the bacterial rRNA A-site: a well-validated binding site of proverbially known aminoglycoside antibiotics are described. Some of the major advances in direct sensing of the bacterial decoding side (A-site) are described and also new fluorescent molecules that are capable of detecting lead compounds through high-throughput assays by displacement of fluorescent probe molecules are highlighted. Lastly, some of the recently discovered non-aminoglycoside small molecule binders of bacterial rRNA A-site as a new class of molecules that could provide future scaffolds and molecules for developing new antibacterial agents have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethi Parameswaran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)- Raebareli, New Transit Campus, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Nihar Ranjan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)- Raebareli, New Transit Campus, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Swaran J S Flora
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, New Transit Campus, Lucknow 226002, India
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11
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Harvey DJ. ANALYSIS OF CARBOHYDRATES AND GLYCOCONJUGATES BY MATRIX-ASSISTED LASER DESORPTION/IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY: AN UPDATE FOR 2015-2016. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021; 40:408-565. [PMID: 33725404 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This review is the ninth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2016. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation and arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions and applications to chemical synthesis. The reported work shows increasing use of combined new techniques such as ion mobility and the enormous impact that MALDI imaging is having. MALDI, although invented over 30 years ago is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and range of applications show no sign of deminishing. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
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12
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Umuhire Juru A, Cai Z, Jan A, Hargrove AE. Template-guided selection of RNA ligands using imine-based dynamic combinatorial chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:3555-3558. [PMID: 32104839 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00266f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study establishes the applicability of imine-based dynamic combinatorial chemistry to discover non-covalent ligands for RNA targets. We elucidate properties underlying the reactivity of arylamines and demonstrate target-guided amplification of tight binders in an amiloride-based dynamic library.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Umuhire Juru
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
| | - Zhengguo Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
| | - Adina Jan
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
| | - Amanda E Hargrove
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
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13
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Aradi K, Di Giorgio A, Duca M. Aminoglycoside Conjugation for RNA Targeting: Antimicrobials and Beyond. Chemistry 2020; 26:12273-12309. [PMID: 32539167 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Natural aminoglycosides are therapeutically useful antibiotics and very efficient RNA ligands. They are oligosaccharides that contain several ammonium groups able to interfere with the translation process in prokaryotes upon binding to bacterial ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and thus, impairing protein synthesis. Even if aminoglycosides are commonly used in therapy, these RNA binders lack selectivity and are able to bind to a wide number of RNA sequences/structures. This is one of the reasons for their toxicity and limited applications in therapy. At the same time, the ability of aminoglycosides to bind to various RNAs renders them a great source of inspiration for the synthesis of new binders with improved affinity and specificity toward several therapeutically relevant RNA targets. Thus, a number of studies have been performed on these complex and highly functionalized compounds, leading to the development of various synthetic methodologies toward the synthesis of conjugated aminoglycosides. The aim of this review is to highlight recent progress in the field of aminoglycoside conjugation, paying particular attention to modifications performed toward the improvement of affinity and especially to the selectivity of the resulting compounds. This will help readers to understand how to introduce a desired chemical modification for future developments of RNA ligands as antibiotics, antiviral, and anticancer compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Aradi
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry of Nice (ICN), 06100, Nice, France
| | - Audrey Di Giorgio
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry of Nice (ICN), 06100, Nice, France
| | - Maria Duca
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry of Nice (ICN), 06100, Nice, France
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14
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Ranjan N, Andreasen KF, Arora Y, Xue L, Arya DP. Surface Dependent Dual Recognition of a G-quadruplex DNA With Neomycin-Intercalator Conjugates. Front Chem 2020; 8:60. [PMID: 32117884 PMCID: PMC7028757 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplexes have been characterized as structures of vital importance in the cellular functioning of several life forms. They have subsequently been established to serve as a therapeutic target of several diseases including cancer, HIV, tuberculosis and malaria. In this paper, we report the binding of aminosugar-intercalator conjugates with a well-studied anti-parallel G-quadruplex derived from Oxytricha Nova G-quadruplex DNA. Of the four neomycin-intercalator conjugates studied with varying surface areas, BQQ-neomycin conjugate displayed the best binding to this DNA G-quadruplex structure with an association constant of Ka = (1.01 ±0.03) × 107 M−1 which is nearly 100-fold higher than the binding of neomycin to this quadruplex. The binding of BQQ-neomycin displays a binding stoichiometry of 1:1 indicating the presence of a single and unique binding site for this G-quadruplex. In contrast, the BQQ-neomycin displays very weak binding to the bacterial A-site rRNA sequence showing that BQQ-does not enhance the neomycin binding to its natural target, the bacterial rRNA A-site. The BQQ-neomycin conjugate is prone to aggregation even at low micromolar concentrations (4 μM) leading to some ambiguities in the analysis of thermal denaturation profiles. Circular dichroism experiments showed that binding of BQQ-neomycin conjugate causes some structural changes in the quadruplex while still maintaining the overall anti-parallel structure. Finally, the molecular docking experiments suggest that molecular surface plays an important role in the recognition of a second site on the G-quadruplex. Overall, these results show that molecules with more than one binding moieties can be made to specifically recognize G-quadruplexes with high affinities. The dual binding molecules comprise of quadruplex groove binding and intercalator units, and the molecular surface of the intercalator plays an important part in enhancing binding interaction to the G-quadruplex structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihar Ranjan
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, India
| | - Katrine F Andreasen
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Yashaswina Arora
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, India
| | - Liang Xue
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Dev P Arya
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
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15
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A fluorescent aminosugar to rapidly screen and study RNA binders. Methods Enzymol 2019. [PMID: 31239051 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
RNA targeted high-throughput assays that allow for rapid detection of high affinity binding ligands are important in RNA recognition studies. A number for fluorescent dyes have been reported that can assist in rapidly identifying nucleic acid (RNA) binding elements without the need for immobilization of RNA or the ligand. A number of these dyes are planar aromatic molecules that bind non-specifically to nucleic acids and often distort their parent nucleic acid structures leading to ambiguity in the interpretation of results. In this light, we report here, the use of an aminoglycoside (neomycin) based fluorescent probe (F-Neo) which can reversibly bind to different RNA motifs and help identify ligands with needed affinity and selectivity, without any immobilization of the probe or the target. In this chapter, we provide the details of the assay development, experimental considerations and data analysis to use the probe and identify novel ligands. We then provide a brief introduction to calorimetry (ITC) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy based methods in validating the binding of such identified compounds.
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16
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Cheng MSQ, Su MXX, Wang MXN, Sun MZY, Ou TM. Probes and drugs that interfere with protein translation via targeting to the RNAs or RNA-protein interactions. Methods 2019; 167:124-133. [PMID: 31185274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein synthesis is critical to cell survival and translation regulation is essential to post-transcriptional gene expression regulation. Disorders of this process, particularly through RNA-binding proteins, is associated with the development and progression of a number of diseases, including cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the initiation of protein synthesis are intricate, making it difficult to find a drug that interferes with this process. Chemical probes are useful in elucidating the structures of RNA-protein complex and molecular mechanism of biological events. Moreover, some of these chemical probes show certain therapeutic benefits and can be further developed as leading compounds. Here, we will briefly review the general process and mechanism of protein synthesis, and emphasis on chemical probes in examples of probing the RNA structural changes and RNA-protein interactions. Moreover, the therapeutic potential of these probes is also discussed to give a comprehensive understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miss Sui-Qi Cheng
- Sun Yat-Sen University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Miss Xiao-Xuan Su
- Sun Yat-Sen University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Miss Xiao-Na Wang
- Sun Yat-Sen University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Miss Zhi-Yin Sun
- Sun Yat-Sen University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Tian-Miao Ou
- Sun Yat-Sen University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 132 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou University City, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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17
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Wicks SL, Hargrove AE. Fluorescent indicator displacement assays to identify and characterize small molecule interactions with RNA. Methods 2019; 167:3-14. [PMID: 31051253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent indicator displacement (FID) assays are an advantageous approach to convert receptors into optical sensors that can detect binding of various ligands. In particular, the identification of ligands that bind to RNA receptors has become of increasing interest as the roles of RNA in cellular processes and disease pathogenesis continue to be discovered. Small molecules have been validated as tools to elucidate unknown RNA functions, underscoring the critical need to rapidly identify and quantitatively characterize RNA:small molecule interactions for the development of chemical probes. The successful application of FID assays to evaluate interactions between diverse RNA receptors and small molecules has been facilitated by the characterization of distinct fluorescent indicators that reversibly bind RNA and modulate the fluorescence signal. The utility of RNA-based FID assays to both academia and industry has been demonstrated through numerous uses in high-throughput screening efforts, structure-activity relationship studies, and in vitro target engagement studies. Furthermore, the development, optimization, and validation of a variety of RNA-based FID assays has led to general guidelines that can be utilized for facile implementation of the method with new or underexplored RNA receptors. Altogether, the use of RNA-based FID assays as a general analysis tool has provided valuable insights into small molecule affinity and selectivity, furthering the fundamental understanding of RNA:small molecule recognition. In this review, we will summarize efforts to employ FID assays using RNA receptors and describe the significant contributions of the method towards the development of chemical probes to reveal unknown RNA functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Wicks
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Durham, NC 27705, United States
| | - Amanda E Hargrove
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Durham, NC 27705, United States.
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18
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Evaluation of neomycin analogues for HIV-1 RRE RNA recognition identifies enhanced activity simplified neamine analogues. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:339-341. [PMID: 30477891 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic neamine mimetics have been evaluated for binding to the HIV-1 Rev response element. Modified neamine derivatives, obtained from reductive amination of neamine, led to identification of new 6-amino modified neamine-type ligands with HIV-1 RRE binding affinity up to 20× that of neamine and up to 6× that of the more complex neomycin itself. This provides a noteworthy structure-activity increase and a useful lead to simplified, chemically accessible mimetics.
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19
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Watkins D, Maiti K, Arya DP. Aminoglycoside Functionalization as a Tool for Targeting Nucleic Acids. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1973:147-162. [PMID: 31016700 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9216-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Aminoglycoside functionalization as a tool for targeting natural and unnatural nucleic acids holds great promise in their development as diagnostic probes and medicinally relevant compounds. Simple synthetic procedures designed to easily and quickly manipulate amino sugar (neomycin, kanamycin) to more powerful and selective ligands are presented in this chapter. We describe representative procedures for (a) aminoglycoside conjugation and (b) preliminary screening for their nucleic acid binding and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Watkins
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | | | - Dev P Arya
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
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20
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Synthesis, antimicrobial activity, attenuation of aminoglycoside resistance in MRSA, and ribosomal A-site binding of pyrene-neomycin conjugates. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 163:381-393. [PMID: 30530174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The development of new ligands that have comparable or enhanced therapeutic efficacy relative to current drugs is vital to the health of the global community in the short and long term. One strategy to accomplish this goal is to functionalize sites on current antimicrobials to enhance specificity and affinity while abating resistance mechanisms of infectious organisms. Herein, we report the synthesis of a series of pyrene-neomycin B (PYR-NEO) conjugates, their binding affinity to A-site RNA targets, resistance to aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs), and antibacterial activity against a wide variety of bacterial strains of clinical relevance. PYR-NEO conjugation significantly alters the affinities of NEO for bacterial A-site targets. The conjugation of PYR to NEO significantly increased the resistance of NEO to AME modification. PYR-NEO conjugates exhibited broad-spectrum activity towards Gram-positive bacteria, including improved activity against NEO-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains.
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21
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Kukielski C, Maiti K, Bhaduri S, Story S, Arya DP. Rapid solid-phase syntheses of a peptidic-aminoglycoside library. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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22
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Thamban Chandrika N, Garneau-Tsodikova S. Comprehensive review of chemical strategies for the preparation of new aminoglycosides and their biological activities. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:1189-1249. [PMID: 29296992 PMCID: PMC5818290 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00407a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A systematic analysis of all synthetic and chemoenzymatic methodologies for the preparation of aminoglycosides for a variety of applications (therapeutic and agricultural) reported in the scientific literature up to 2017 is presented. This comprehensive analysis of derivatization/generation of novel aminoglycosides and their conjugates is divided based on the types of modifications used to make the new derivatives. Both the chemical strategies utilized and the biological results observed are covered. Structure-activity relationships based on different synthetic modifications along with their implications for activity and ability to avoid resistance against different microorganisms are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishad Thamban Chandrika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA.
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23
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Gao Y, Li J, Li J, Song Z, Shang S, Rao X. High Add Valued Application of Turpentine in Crop Production through Structural Modification and QSAR Analysis. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020356. [PMID: 29419733 PMCID: PMC6017721 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Turpentine is a volatile component of resin, which is an abundant forest resource in Southern China. As one of the most important components, the integrated application of β-pinene has been studied. The broad-spectrum evaluation of β-pinene and its analogues has, therefore, been necessary. In an attempt to expand the scope of agro-activity trials, the preparation and the evaluation of the herbicidal activity of a series of β-pinene analogues against three agricultural herbs were carried out. In accordance with the overall herbicidal activity, it is noteworthy that compounds 6k, 6l, and 6m demonstrated extreme activity with IC50 values of 0.065, 0.065, and 0.052 mol active ingredients/hectare against E. crus-galli. The preliminary structure-activity relationship (SAR) was analyzed and the compounds with the appropriate volatility and substituent type that had beneficial herbicidal activity were analyzed. Simultaneously, the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model was built and the most important structural features were indicated, which was, to a certain extent, in line with the SAR study. The study aimed to study the application of the forest resource turpentine in agriculture as a potential and alternative approach for comprehensive utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Gao
- Research & Development Center of Biorational Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jingjing Li
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Resources Development and Utilization, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jian Li
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Resources Development and Utilization, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zhanqian Song
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shibin Shang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaoping Rao
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China.
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24
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Ahmed M, Kelley SO. Enhancing the Potency of Nalidixic Acid toward a Bacterial DNA Gyrase with Conjugated Peptides. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:2563-2569. [PMID: 28825963 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Quinolones and fluoroquinolones are widely used antibacterial agents. Nalidixic acid (NA) is a first-generation quinolone-based antibiotic that has a narrow spectrum and poor pharmacokinetics. Here, we describe a family of peptide-nalidixic acid conjugates featuring different levels of hydrophobicity and molecular charge prepared by solid-phase peptide synthesis that exhibit intriguing improvements in potency. In comparison to NA, which has a low level of potency in S. aureus, the NA peptide conjugates with optimized hydrophobicities and molecular charges exhibited significantly improved antibacterial activity. The most potent NA conjugate-featuring a peptide containing cyclohexylalanine and arginine-exhibited efficient bacterial uptake and, notably, specific inhibition of S. aureus DNA gyrase. A systematic study of peptide-NA conjugates revealed that a fine balance of cationic charge and hydrophobicity in an appendage anchored to the core of the drug is required to overcome the intrinsic resistance of S. aureus DNA gyrase toward this quinolone-based drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marya Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, and Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shana O. Kelley
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, and Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Gómez Ramos LM, Degtyareva NN, Kovacs NA, Holguin SY, Jiang L, Petrov AS, Biesiada M, Hu MY, Purzycka KJ, Arya DP, Williams LD. Eukaryotic Ribosomal Expansion Segments as Antimicrobial Targets. Biochemistry 2017; 56:5288-5299. [PMID: 28895721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Diversity in eukaryotic rRNA structure and function offers possibilities of therapeutic targets. Unlike ribosomes of prokaryotes, eukaryotic ribosomes contain species-specific rRNA expansion segments (ESs) with idiosyncratic structures and functions that are essential and specific to some organisms. Here we investigate expansion segment 7 (ES7), one of the largest and most variable expansions of the eukaryotic ribosome. We hypothesize that ES7 of the pathogenic fungi Candida albicans (ES7CA) could be a prototypic drug target. We show that isolated ES7CA folds reversibly to a native-like state. We developed a fluorescence displacement assay using an RNA binding fluorescent probe, F-neo. F-neo binds tightly to ES7CA with a Kd of 2.5 × 10-9 M but binds weakly to ES7 of humans (ES7HS) with a Kd estimated to be greater than 7 μM. The fluorescence displacement assay was used to investigate the affinities of a library of peptidic aminosugar conjugates (PAs) for ES7CA. For conjugates with highest affinities for ES7CA (NeoRH, NeoFH, and NeoYH), the lowest dose needed to induce mortality in C. albicans (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) was determined. PAs with the lowest MIC values were tested for cytotoxicity in HEK293T cells. Molecules with high affinity for ES7CA in vitro induce mortality in C. albicans but not in HEK293T cells. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that ESs represent useful targets for chemotherapeutics directed against eukaryotic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizzette M Gómez Ramos
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology , 315 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0363, United States.,School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
| | - Natalya N Degtyareva
- NUBAD, LLC , 900 B West Farris Road, Greenville, South Carolina 29605, United States
| | - Nicholas A Kovacs
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology , 315 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0363, United States
| | - Stefany Y Holguin
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
| | - Liuwei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University , 436 Hunter Laboratories, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0973, United States
| | - Anton S Petrov
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology , 315 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0363, United States
| | - Marcin Biesiada
- RNA Structure and Function Laboratory, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Poznan 61-704, Poland
| | - Michael Y Hu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology , 315 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0363, United States
| | - Katarzyna J Purzycka
- RNA Structure and Function Laboratory, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Poznan 61-704, Poland
| | - Dev P Arya
- NUBAD, LLC , 900 B West Farris Road, Greenville, South Carolina 29605, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Clemson University , 436 Hunter Laboratories, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0973, United States
| | - Loren Dean Williams
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology , 315 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0363, United States
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26
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Degtyareva NN, Gong C, Story S, Levinson NS, Oyelere AK, Green KD, Garneau-Tsodikova S, Arya DP. Antimicrobial Activity, AME Resistance, and A-Site Binding Studies of Anthraquinone-Neomycin Conjugates. ACS Infect Dis 2017; 3:206-215. [PMID: 28103015 PMCID: PMC5971063 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.6b00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The antibacterial effects of aminoglycosides are based on their association with the A-site of bacterial rRNA and interference with the translational process in the bacterial cell, causing cell death. The clinical use of aminoglycosides is complicated by resistance and side effects, some of which arise from their interactions with the human mitochondrial 12S rRNA and its deafness-associated mutations, C1494U and A1555G. We report a rapid assay that allows screening of aminoglycoside compounds to these classes of rRNAs. These screening tools are important to find antibiotics that selectively bind to the bacterial A-site rather than human, mitochondrial A-sites and its mutant homologues. Herein, we report our preliminary work on the optimization of this screen using 12 anthraquinone-neomycin (AMA-NEO) conjugates against molecular constructs representing five A-site homologues, Escherichia coli, human cytosolic, mitochondrial, C1494U, and A1555G, using a fluorescent displacement screening assay. These conjugates were also tested for inhibition of protein synthesis, antibacterial activity against 14 clinically relevant bacterial strains, and the effect on enzymes that inactivate aminoglycosides. The AMA-NEO conjugates demonstrated significantly improved resistance against aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs), as compared with NEO. Several compounds exhibited significantly greater inhibition of prokaryotic protein synthesis as compared to NEO and were extremely poor inhibitors of eukaryotic translation. There was significant variation in antibacterial activity and MIC of selected compounds between bacterial strains, with Escherichia coli, Enteroccocus faecalis, Citrobacter freundii, Shigella flexneri, Serratia marcescens, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter cloacae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Listeria monocytogenes exhibiting moderate to high sensitivity (50-100% growth inhibition) whereas Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiellla pneumoniae, and MRSA strains expressed low sensitivity, as compared to the parent aminoglycoside NEO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Changjun Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Sandra Story
- NUBAD, LLC, Greenville, South Carolina 29605, United States
| | - Nathanael S. Levinson
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Adegboyega K. Oyelere
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Keith D. Green
- College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | | | - Dev P. Arya
- NUBAD, LLC, Greenville, South Carolina 29605, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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27
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Probing A-form DNA: A fluorescent aminosugar probe and dual recognition by anthraquinone-neomycin conjugates. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 25:1309-1319. [PMID: 28129992 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acids adopt a broad array of hydrogen-bonded structures that enable their diverse roles in the cell; even the familiar DNA double helix displays subtle architectural nuances that are sequence dependent. While there have been many approaches for recognition of B-form nucleic acids, A-form DNA recognition has lagged behind. Here, using a tight binding fluorescein-neomycin (F-neo) conjugate that can probe the electrostatic environment of A-form DNA major groove, we developed a fluorescent displacement assay to be used as a screen for DNA duplex-binding compounds. As opposed to intercalating dyes that can significantly perturb DNA structure, the groove binding F-neo allows the probing of native DNA conformation. In combination with the assay development and probing of DNA grooves, we also report the synthesis and binding of a series of neomycin-anthraquinone conjugates, two units with a known preference for binding GC rich DNA. The assay can be used to identify duplex DNA-binding compounds, as well as probe structural features of a target DNA duplex, and can easily be scaled up for high throughput screening of compound libraries.
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28
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Jiang J, Seo H, Chow CS. Post-transcriptional Modifications Modulate rRNA Structure and Ligand Interactions. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:893-901. [PMID: 27064497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Post-transcriptional modifications play important roles in modulating the functions of RNA species. The presence of modifications in RNA may directly alter its interactions with binding partners or cause structural changes that indirectly affect ligand recognition. Given the rapidly growing list of modifications identified in noncoding and mRNAs associated with human disease, as well as the dynamic control over modifications involved in various physiological processes, it is imperative to understand RNA structural modulation by these modifications. Among the RNA species, rRNAs provide numerous examples of modification types located in differing sequence and structural contexts. In addition, the modified rRNA motifs participate in a wide variety of ligand interactions, including those with RNA, protein, and small molecules. In fact, several classes of antibiotics exert their effects on protein synthesis by binding to functionally important and highly modified regions of the rRNAs. These RNA regions often display conservation in sequence, secondary structure, tertiary interactions, and modifications, trademarks of ideal drug-targeting sites. Furthermore, ligand interactions with such regions often favor certain modification-induced conformational states of the RNA. Our laboratory has employed a combination of biophysical methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), circular dichroism, and UV melting to study rRNA modifications in functionally important motifs, including helix 31 (h31) and helix h44 (h44) of the small subunit rRNA and helix 69 (H69) of the large subunit rRNA. The modified RNA oligonucleotides used in these studies were generated by solid-phase synthesis with a variety of phosphoramidite chemistries. The natural modifications were shown to impact thermal stability, dynamic behavior, and tertiary structures of the RNAs, with additive or cooperative effects occurring with multiple, clustered modifications. Taking advantage of the structural diversity offered by specific modifications in the chosen rRNA motifs, phage display was used to select peptides that bind with moderate (low micromolar) affinity and selectivity to modified h31, h44, and H69. Interactions between peptide ligands and RNAs were monitored by biophysical methods, including electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), NMR, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The peptides compare well with natural compounds such as aminoglycosides in their binding affinities to the modified rRNA constructs. Some candidates were shown to exhibit specificity toward different modification states of the rRNA motifs. The selected peptides may be further optimized for improved RNA targeting or used in screening assays for new drug candidates. In this Account, we hope to stimulate interest in bioorganic and biophysical approaches, which may be used to deepen our understanding of other functionally important, naturally modified RNAs beyond the rRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Hyosuk Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Christine S. Chow
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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29
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Jin Y, Watkins D, Degtyareva NN, Green KD, Spano MN, Garneau-Tsodikova S, Arya DP. Arginine-linked neomycin B dimers: synthesis, rRNA binding, and resistance enzyme activity. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016; 7:164-169. [PMID: 26811742 PMCID: PMC4722958 DOI: 10.1039/c5md00427f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The nucleotides comprising the ribosomal decoding center are highly conserved, as they are important for maintaining translational fidelity. The bacterial A-site has a small base variation as compared with the human analogue, allowing aminoglycoside (AG) antibiotics to selectively bind within this region of the ribosome and negatively affect microbial protein synthesis. Here, by using a fluorescence displacement screening assay, we demonstrate that neomycin B (NEO) dimers connected by L-arginine-containing linkers of varying length and composition bind with higher affinity to model A-site RNAs compared to NEO, with IC50 values ranging from ~40-70 nM, and that a certain range of linker lengths demonstrates a clear preference for the bacterial A-site RNA over the human analogue. Furthermore, AG-modifying enzymes (AMEs), such as AG O-phosphotransferases, which are responsible for conferring antibiotic resistance in many types of infectious bacteria, demonstrate markedly reduced activity against several of the L-arginine-linked NEO dimers in vitro. The antimicrobial activity of these dimers against several bacterial strains is weaker than that of the parent NEO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jin
- Clemson University, Department of Chemistry, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | | | | | - Keith D. Green
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA. Fax: 859-257-7585; Tel: 859-218-1686
| | | | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA. Fax: 859-257-7585; Tel: 859-218-1686
| | - Dev P. Arya
- Clemson University, Department of Chemistry, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
- NUBAD, LLC, Greenville, SC, 29605, USA
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Bera S, Mondal D, Palit S, Schweizer F. Structural modifications of the neomycin class of aminoglycosides. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00079g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review encompasses comprehensive literature on synthetic modification and biological activities of clinically used neomycin-class aminoglycoside antibiotics to alleviate dose-related toxicity and pathogenic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smritilekha Bera
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Central University of Gujarat
- Gandhinagar-382030
- India
| | - Dhananjoy Mondal
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Central University of Gujarat
- Gandhinagar-382030
- India
| | - Subhadeep Palit
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Campus
- Kolkata-700 032
- India
| | - Frank Schweizer
- Department of Chemistry and Medical Microbiology
- University of Manitoba
- Winnipeg
- Canada
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31
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A pH Sensitive High-Throughput Assay for miRNA Binding of a Peptide-Aminoglycoside (PA) Library. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144251. [PMID: 26656788 PMCID: PMC4699463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small RNAs that have a regulatory role in gene expression. Because of this regulatory role, miRNAs have become a new target for therapeutic compounds. Here, we outline an approach to target specific miRNAs using a high throughput capable assay and a 215 compound peptidic-aminosugar (PA) library. Aminosugars have been shown in a number of recent reports as important lead compounds that bind miRNA. In order to screen for compounds that bind miRNA, we have developed a high throughput displacement assay using a fluorescein-neomycin conjugated molecule (F-neo) as a probe for competitive miRNA binding compounds. We have applied the F-neo assay to four different miRNA constructs and the assay is applicable to most miRNAs, at various stages of processing. The results of the screen were validated by the determination of the IC50 for a select group of compounds from the library. For example, we identified eight compounds that bind to hsa-miR 504 with higher affinity than the parent neomycin. From the F-neo displacement assay we found that the number of binding sites differs for each miRNA, and the binding sites appear to differ both physically and chemically, with different affinity of the compounds resulting from the size of the molecule as well as the chemical structure. Additionally, the affinity of the compounds was dependent on the identity and position of the amino acid position of conjugation and the affinity of the compounds relative to other compounds in the library was miRNA dependent with the introduction of a second amino acid.
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Chandrika NT, Garneau-Tsodikova S. A review of patents (2011-2015) towards combating resistance to and toxicity of aminoglycosides. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015; 7:50-68. [PMID: 27019689 PMCID: PMC4806794 DOI: 10.1039/c5md00453e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first aminoglycoside (AG), streptomycin, in 1943, these broad-spectrum antibiotics have been extensively used for the treatment of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial infections. The inherent toxicity (ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity) associated with their long-term use as well as the emergence of resistant bacterial strains have limited their usage. Structural modifications of AGs by AG-modifying enzymes, reduced target affinity caused by ribosomal modification, and decrease in their cellular concentration by efflux pumps have resulted in resistance towards AGs. However, the last decade has seen a renewed interest among the scientific community for AGs as exemplified by the recent influx of scientific articles and patents on their therapeutic use. In this review, we use a non-conventional approach to put forth this renaissance on AG development/application by summarizing all patents filed on AGs from 2011-2015 and highlighting some related publications on the most recent work done on AGs to overcome resistance and improving their therapeutic use while reducing ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. We also present work towards developing amphiphilic AGs for use as fungicides as well as that towards repurposing existing AGs for potential newer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishad Thamban Chandrika
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, USA. Fax: 859-257-7585; Tel: 859-218-1686
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, USA. Fax: 859-257-7585; Tel: 859-218-1686
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