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Abdildinova A, Kurth MJ, Gong YD. Heterocycles as a Peptidomimetic Scaffold: Solid-Phase Synthesis Strategies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:449. [PMID: 34068671 PMCID: PMC8151782 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptidomimetics are a privileged class of pharmacophores that exhibit improved physicochemical and biological properties. Solid-phase synthesis is a powerful tool for gaining rapid access to libraries of molecules from small molecules to biopolymers and also is widely used for the synthesis of peptidomimetics. Small molecules including heterocycles serve as a core for hundreds of drugs, including peptidomimetic molecules. This review covers solid-phase synthesis strategies for peptidomimetics molecules based on heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizhan Abdildinova
- Innovative Drug Library Research Center, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Dongguk University, 26, 3-ga, Pil-dong, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Korea;
| | - Mark J. Kurth
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Young-Dae Gong
- Innovative Drug Library Research Center, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Dongguk University, 26, 3-ga, Pil-dong, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Korea;
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2
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Synthesis of Chromeno[3,4- b]piperazines by an Enol-Ugi/Reduction/Cyclization Sequence. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051287. [PMID: 33673443 PMCID: PMC7956738 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Keto piperazines and aminocoumarins are privileged building blocks for the construction of geometrically constrained peptides and therefore valuable structures in drug discovery. Combining these two heterocycles provides unique rigid polycyclic peptidomimetics with drug-like properties including many points of diversity that could be modulated to interact with different biological receptors. This work describes an efficient multicomponent approach to condensed chromenopiperazines based on the novel enol-Ugi reaction. Importantly, this strategy involves the first reported post-condensation transformation of an enol-Ugi adduct.
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Cankařová N, Krchňák V. Isocyanide Multicomponent Reactions on Solid Phase: State of the Art and Future Application. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9160. [PMID: 33271974 PMCID: PMC7729642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug discovery efforts largely depend on access to structural diversity. Multicomponent reactions allow for time-efficient chemical transformations and provide advanced intermediates with three or four points of diversification for further expansion to a structural variety of organic molecules. This review is aimed at solid-phase syntheses of small molecules involving isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions. The majority of all reported syntheses employ the Ugi four-component reaction. The review also covers the Passerini and Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé reactions. To date, the main advantages of the solid-phase approach are the ability to prepare chemical libraries intended for biological screening and elimination of the isocyanide odor. However, the potential of multicomponent reactions has not been fully exploited. The unexplored avenues of these reactions, including chiral frameworks, DNA-encoded libraries, eco-friendly synthesis, and chiral auxiliary reactions, are briefly outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naděžda Cankařová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Viktor Krchňák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Center, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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4
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Abstract
Traceless solid-phase synthesis represents an ultimate sophisticated synthetic strategy on insoluble supports. Compounds synthesized on solid supports can be released without a trace of the linker that was used to tether the intermediates during the synthesis. Thus, the target products are composed only of the components (atoms, functional groups) inherent to the target core structure. A wide variety of synthetic strategies have been developed to prepare products in a traceless manner, and this review is dedicated to all aspects of traceless solid-phase organic synthesis. Importantly, the synthesis does not need to be carried out on a linker designed for traceless synthesis; most of the synthetic approaches described herein were developed using standard, commercially available linkers (originally devised for solid-phase peptide synthesis). The type of structure prepared in a traceless fashion is not restricted. The individual synthetic approaches are divided into eight sections, each devoted to a different methodology for traceless synthesis. Each section consists of a brief outline of the synthetic strategy followed by a description of individual reported syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naděžda Cankařová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Palacky University , 17. Listopadu 12 , Olomouc , 771 46 , Czech Republic
| | - Eva Schütznerová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Palacky University , 17. Listopadu 12 , Olomouc , 771 46 , Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Krchňák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Palacky University , 17. Listopadu 12 , Olomouc , 771 46 , Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , 251 Nieuwland Science Center , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
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5
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Usmanova L, Dar'in D, Novikov MS, Gureev M, Krasavin M. Bicyclic Piperazine Mimetics of the Peptide β-Turn Assembled via the Castagnoli-Cushman Reaction. J Org Chem 2018; 83:5859-5868. [PMID: 29701467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
5-Oxopiperazine-2-carboxamides and respective carboxylic acids (obtained by the Castagnoli-Cushman reaction of protected iminodiacetic anhydride) were converted into cis- and trans-configured bicyclic piperazines containing two stereogenic centers. The latter are not only well-established mimetics of peptide β-turn but also attractive, high-Fsp3 cores for drug design in general. The methodology was applied to the preparation of ring-expanded version of bicyclic piperazines not described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliia Usmanova
- Saint Petersburg State University , Saint Petersburg 199034 , Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Dar'in
- Saint Petersburg State University , Saint Petersburg 199034 , Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail S Novikov
- Saint Petersburg State University , Saint Petersburg 199034 , Russian Federation
| | - Maxim Gureev
- Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University) , Saint Petersburg 190013 , Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Saint Petersburg State University , Saint Petersburg 199034 , Russian Federation
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6
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Treder AP, Tremblay MC, Yudin AK, Marsault E. Solid-Phase Synthesis of Piperazinones via Disrupted Ugi Condensation. Org Lett 2014; 16:4674-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol5023118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam P. Treder
- Département
de Pharmacologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Marie-Claude Tremblay
- Département
de Pharmacologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Andrei K. Yudin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Davenport Building, rm. 362, 80
St. George, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Eric Marsault
- Département
de Pharmacologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4
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Koopmanschap G, Ruijter E, Orru RVA. Isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions towards cyclic constrained peptidomimetics. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:544-98. [PMID: 24605172 PMCID: PMC3943360 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the recent past, the design and synthesis of peptide mimics (peptidomimetics) has received much attention. This because they have shown in many cases enhanced pharmacological properties over their natural peptide analogues. In particular, the incorporation of cyclic constructs into peptides is of high interest as they reduce the flexibility of the peptide enhancing often affinity for a certain receptor. Moreover, these cyclic mimics force the molecule into a well-defined secondary structure. Constraint structural and conformational features are often found in biological active peptides. For the synthesis of cyclic constrained peptidomimetics usually a sequence of multiple reactions has been applied, which makes it difficult to easily introduce structural diversity necessary for fine tuning the biological activity. A promising approach to tackle this problem is the use of multicomponent reactions (MCRs), because they can introduce both structural diversity and molecular complexity in only one step. Among the MCRs, the isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions (IMCRs) are most relevant for the synthesis of peptidomimetics because they provide peptide-like products. However, these IMCRs usually give linear products and in order to obtain cyclic constrained peptidomimetics, the acyclic products have to be cyclized via additional cyclization strategies. This is possible via incorporation of bifunctional substrates into the initial IMCR. Examples of such bifunctional groups are N-protected amino acids, convertible isocyanides or MCR-components that bear an additional alkene, alkyne or azide moiety and can be cyclized via either a deprotection-cyclization strategy, a ring-closing metathesis, a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition or even via a sequence of multiple multicomponent reactions. The sequential IMCR-cyclization reactions can afford small cyclic peptide mimics (ranging from four- to seven-membered rings), medium-sized cyclic constructs or peptidic macrocycles (>12 membered rings). This review describes the developments since 2002 of IMCRs-cyclization strategies towards a wide variety of small cyclic mimics, medium sized cyclic constructs and macrocyclic peptidomimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs Koopmanschap
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eelco Ruijter
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Romano VA Orru
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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8
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Van CT, Zdobinsky T, Seebohm G, Nennstiel D, Zerbe O, Scherkenbeck J. Structural Prerequisites for Receptor Binding of Helicokinin I, a Diuretic Insect Neuropeptide fromHelicoverpa zea. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Borthwick AD. 2,5-Diketopiperazines: synthesis, reactions, medicinal chemistry, and bioactive natural products. Chem Rev 2012; 112:3641-716. [PMID: 22575049 DOI: 10.1021/cr200398y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 606] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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10
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Zhu D, Xia L, Pan L, Li S, Chen R, Mou Y, Chen X. An Asymmetric Ugi Three-Component Reaction Induced by Chiral Cyclic Imines: Synthesis of Morpholin– or Piperazine–Keto-carboxamide Derivatives. J Org Chem 2012; 77:1386-95. [DOI: 10.1021/jo2021967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deguang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Liang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Li Pan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Sheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Ruijiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Yongren Mou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Xiaochuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied
Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University,
Lanzhou 730000, PR China
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11
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Islas-Jácome A, González-Zamora E, Gámez-Montaño R. A short microwave-assisted synthesis of tetrahydroisoquinolin-pyrrolopyridinones by a triple process: Ugi-3CR–aza Diels–Alder/S-oxidation/Pummerer. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.07.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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12
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Ressurreição ASM, Delatouche R, Gennari C, Piarulli U. Bifunctional 2,5‐Diketopiperazines as Rigid Three‐Dimensional Scaffolds in Receptors and Peptidomimetics. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201001330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia M. Ressurreição
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Ambientali, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy, Fax: +39‐031‐2386449
- Universidade de Lisboa, iMed. UL, Faculdade de Farmácia, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 649‐003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Régis Delatouche
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Ambientali, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy, Fax: +39‐031‐2386449
| | - Cesare Gennari
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di ChimicaOrganica e Industriale, via G. Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Umberto Piarulli
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Ambientali, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy, Fax: +39‐031‐2386449
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13
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Defining scaffold geometries for interacting with proteins: geometrical classification of secondary structure linking regions. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2010; 24:917-34. [PMID: 20862601 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-010-9384-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal chemists synthesize arrays of molecules by attaching functional groups to scaffolds. There is evidence suggesting that some scaffolds yield biologically active molecules more than others, these are termed privileged substructures. One role of the scaffold is to present its side-chains for molecular recognition, and biologically relevant scaffolds may present side-chains in biologically relevant geometries or shapes. Since drug discovery is primarily focused on the discovery of compounds that bind to proteinaceous targets, we have been deciphering the scaffold shapes that are used for binding proteins as they reflect biologically relevant shapes. To decipher the scaffold architecture that is important for binding protein surfaces, we have analyzed the scaffold architecture of protein loops, which are defined in this context as continuous four residue segments of a protein chain that are not part of an α-helix or β-strand secondary structure. Loops are an important molecular recognition motif of proteins. We have found that 39 clusters reflect the scaffold architecture of 89% of the 23,331 loops in the dataset, with average intra-cluster and inter-cluster RMSD of 0.47 and 1.91, respectively. These protein loop scaffolds all have distinct shapes. We have used these 39 clusters that reflect the scaffold architecture of protein loops as biological descriptors. This involved generation of a small dataset of scaffold-based peptidomimetics. We found that peptidomimetic scaffolds with reported biological activities matched loop scaffold geometries and those peptidomimetic scaffolds with no reported biologically activities did not. This preliminary evidence suggests that organic scaffolds with tight matches to the preferred loop scaffolds of proteins, implies the likelihood of the scaffold to be biologically relevant.
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14
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Liu Z, Nefzi A. Solid-phase synthesis of N-substituted pyrrolidinone-tethered N-substituted piperidines via Ugi reaction. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2010; 12:566-70. [PMID: 20527770 PMCID: PMC2917892 DOI: 10.1021/cc100054u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Starting with resin-bound glutamic acid, an efficient synthesis of N-substituted pyrrolidinones is described, using the Ugi four-component reaction (U-4CR). The same methodology is employed to produce N-substituted pyrrolidinone tethered N-substituted piperidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Liu
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port Saint Lucie, Florida 34987, USA
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16
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17
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Banfi L, Basso A, Riva R. Synthesis of Heterocycles Through Classical Ugi and Passerini Reactions Followed by Secondary Transformations Involving One or Two Additional Functional Groups. SYNTHESIS OF HETEROCYCLES VIA MULTICOMPONENT REACTIONS I 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2009_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Erb W, Neuville L, Zhu J. Ugi-Post Functionalization, from a Single Set of Ugi-Adducts to Two Distinct Heterocycles by Microwave-Assisted Palladium-Catalyzed Cyclizations: Tuning the Reaction Pathways by Ligand Switch. J Org Chem 2009; 74:3109-15. [DOI: 10.1021/jo900210x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William Erb
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Luc Neuville
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Jieping Zhu
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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19
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Scheffelaar R, Nijenhuis RAK, Paravidino M, Lutz M, Spek AL, Ehlers AW, de Kanter FJJ, Groen MB, Orru RVA, Ruijter E. Synthesis of Conformationally Constrained Peptidomimetics using Multicomponent Reactions. J Org Chem 2008; 74:660-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo802052j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Scheffelaar
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roel A. Klein Nijenhuis
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Monica Paravidino
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Lutz
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anthony L. Spek
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas W. Ehlers
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frans J. J. de Kanter
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marinus B. Groen
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Romano V. A. Orru
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eelco Ruijter
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Sureshbabu VV, Narendra N, Nagendra G. Chiral N-Fmoc-β-Amino Alkyl Isonitriles Derived from Amino Acids: First Synthesis and Application in 1-Substituted Tetrazole Synthesis. J Org Chem 2008; 74:153-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo801527d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vommina V. Sureshbabu
- Peptide Research Laboratory, Department of Studies in Chemistry, Central College Campus, Bangalore University, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Veedhi, Bangalore 560 001, India
| | - N. Narendra
- Peptide Research Laboratory, Department of Studies in Chemistry, Central College Campus, Bangalore University, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Veedhi, Bangalore 560 001, India
| | - G. Nagendra
- Peptide Research Laboratory, Department of Studies in Chemistry, Central College Campus, Bangalore University, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Veedhi, Bangalore 560 001, India
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21
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A convergent synthesis of enantiopure bicyclic scaffolds through multicomponent Ugi reaction. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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22
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O'Neill J, Blackwell HE. Solid-phase and microwave-assisted syntheses of 2,5-diketopiperazines: small molecules with great potential. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2007; 10:857-76. [PMID: 18288948 PMCID: PMC2585775 DOI: 10.2174/138620707783220365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diketopiperazines (DKPs) are a well-known class of heterocycles that have recently emerged as a promising biologically active scaffold. Solid-phase organic synthesis has become an important tool in the combinatorial exploration of these privileged structures, expediting the synthesis and, therefore, the discovery of active compounds. To date, certain DKPs have shown potent activities against a range of diseases and biological phenomena, including bacterial infections, various cancers, asthma, infertility, premature labor, and HIV. Recent applications of solid-phase DKP synthesis, with a particular focus on cyclative cleavage and microwave-assisted reactions, are highlighted herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.C. O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - H. E. Blackwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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23
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Abstract
Several functionalized diazabicyclo[4.3.0]nonenes and other heterocycles have been prepared as potential peptidomimetic scaffolds. A novel and efficient method has been developed for the preparation of N-substituted gamma-lactams 13. Preparation of amidine-containing 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]nonenes 43 and 44 has been achieved through Hg-mediated cyclization of the precursor N-aminopropyl-gamma-thiolactams and subsequent functional group manipulation. Bicycle 43 represents a novel scaffold for potential peptide turn mimetics, whereas 44 could potentially be employed as an alpha-helix template attached to the C-terminus of peptides. These compounds are novel additions to the current range of small-molecule constrained peptidomimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A Hutton
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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Rosa-Bauzá YT, Berst F, Ellman JA. Straightforward Preparation and Assay of Aspartyl Protease Substrates with an Internal Thioester Linkage. Chembiochem 2007; 8:981-4. [PMID: 17492698 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yazmín T Rosa-Bauzá
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkley, CA 94720, USA
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Banfi L, Basso A, Guanti G, Kielland N, Repetto C, Riva R. Ugi Multicomponent Reaction Followed by an Intramolecular Nucleophilic Substitution: Convergent Multicomponent Synthesis of 1-Sulfonyl 1,4-Diazepan-5-ones and of Their Benzo-Fused Derivatives. J Org Chem 2007; 72:2151-60. [PMID: 17309311 DOI: 10.1021/jo062626z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A short, two-step approach to the synthesis of diazepane or diazocane systems, based on a Ugi multicomponent reaction followed by a subsequent intramolecular SN2 reaction was studied. 1-sulfonyl tetrahydrobenzo[e]-1,4-diazepin-1-ones 1 were obtained in very high yield through a Ugi multicomponent reaction followed by Mitsunobu cyclization. On the other hand, aliphatic 1-sulfonyl 1,4-diazepan-5-ones 2 could be obtained employing different cyclization conditions (sulfuryl diimidazole). A similar approach toward diazocane rings using hydroxamates as nucleophiles was less successful, affording only O-cyclized adducts or unexpected side products. A mechanistic explanation of the observed outcomes is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Banfi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, via Dodecaneso 31, I-16146 Genova, Italy.
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Ramón DJ, Yus M. Asymmetric multicomponent reactions (AMCRs): the new frontier. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 44:1602-34. [PMID: 15719349 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200460548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1405] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric multicomponent reactions involve the preparation of chiral compounds by the reaction of three or more reagents added simultaneously. This kind of addition and reaction has some advantages over classic divergent reaction strategies, such as lower costs, time, and energy, as well as environmentally friendlier aspects. All these advantages, together with the high level of stereoselectivity attained in some of these reactions, will force chemists in industry as in academia to adopt this new strategy of synthesis, or at least to consider it as a viable option. The positive aspects as well as the drawbacks of this strategy are discussed in this Review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego J Ramón
- Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica y Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080-Alicante, Spain
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Dömling A, Beck B, Magnin-Lachaux M. 1-Isocyanomethylbenzotriazole and 2,2,4,4-tetramethylbutylisocyanide—cleavable isocyanides useful for the preparation of α-aminomethyl tetrazoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Dömling A. Recent developments in isocyanide based multicomponent reactions in applied chemistry. Chem Rev 2006; 106:17-89. [PMID: 16402771 DOI: 10.1021/cr0505728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3387] [Impact Index Per Article: 188.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sun D, Lee RE. Solid-phase synthesis development of a thymidinyl and 2′-deoxyuridinyl Ugi library for anti-bacterial agent screening. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Application of divergent multi-component reactions in the synthesis of a library of peptidomimetics based on γ-amino-α,β-cyclopropyl acids. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ilyin AP, Kobak VV, Dmitrieva IG, Peregudova YN, Kustova VA, Mishunina YS, Tkachenko SE, Ivachtchenko AV. Synthesis of Annelated Azaheterocycles Containing a 5-Carbamoylpyrazin-3-one Fragment by a Modification of the Four-Component Ugi Reaction. European J Org Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Ramón DJ, Yus M. Neue Entwicklungen in der asymmetrischen Mehrkomponenten-Reaktion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200460548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Ilyn AP, Kuzovkova JA, Shkirando AM, Ivachtchenko AV. AN EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS OF 3-OXO-1,2,3,4-TETRAHYDROPYRROLO[1,2-α]PYRAZINE-1-CARBOXAMIDES USING NOVEL MODIFICATION OF UGI CONDENSATION. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2005. [DOI: 10.1515/hc.2005.11.6.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Banfi L, Basso A, Guanti G, Riva R. Enantio- and diastereoselective synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidines through a multicomponent Ugi reaction and their transformation into bicyclic scaffolds. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gedey S, Fülöp F, Vainiotalo P, De Witte PAM, Zupkó I. Liquid-phase synthesis of mixture-based bicyclic β-lactam libraries. J Heterocycl Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570400601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Vergnon AL, Pottorf RS, Player MR. Solid-Phase Synthesis of a Library of Hydroxyproline Derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 6:91-8. [PMID: 14714991 DOI: 10.1021/cc0300356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a library of N-alkylated O-arylated hydroxyproline derivatives has been achieved on solid phase. The choice of O-protection and the optimization of the Mitsunobu reaction involving a secondary alcohol were key to the success of this synthesis. First, acylation of resin-bound amines with N-Fmoc-O-THP-hydroxyproline was accomplished readily. Subsequent deprotection of the Fmoc and reductive amination with different aldehydes resulted in the tertiary amine intermediate. The deprotection of the THP group by p-toluenesulfonic acid was followed by a Mitsunobu reaction with a series of phenols. Finally, the products were cleaved from the resin using trifluoroacetic acid to produce a 10 200 member library.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L Vergnon
- 3-Dimensional Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 8 Clarke Drive, Cranbury, New Jersey 08512, USA
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Banfi L, Basso A, Guanti G, Riva R. Application of tandem Ugi reaction/ring-closing metathesis in multicomponent synthesis of unsaturated nine-membered lactams. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland E Dolle
- Department of Chemistry, Adolor Corporation, 700 Pennsylvania Drive, Exton, PA 19341, USA.
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