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Abstract
Traceless solid-phase synthesis represents an ultimate sophisticated synthetic strategy on insoluble supports. Compounds synthesized on solid supports can be released without a trace of the linker that was used to tether the intermediates during the synthesis. Thus, the target products are composed only of the components (atoms, functional groups) inherent to the target core structure. A wide variety of synthetic strategies have been developed to prepare products in a traceless manner, and this review is dedicated to all aspects of traceless solid-phase organic synthesis. Importantly, the synthesis does not need to be carried out on a linker designed for traceless synthesis; most of the synthetic approaches described herein were developed using standard, commercially available linkers (originally devised for solid-phase peptide synthesis). The type of structure prepared in a traceless fashion is not restricted. The individual synthetic approaches are divided into eight sections, each devoted to a different methodology for traceless synthesis. Each section consists of a brief outline of the synthetic strategy followed by a description of individual reported syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naděžda Cankařová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Palacky University , 17. Listopadu 12 , Olomouc , 771 46 , Czech Republic
| | - Eva Schütznerová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Palacky University , 17. Listopadu 12 , Olomouc , 771 46 , Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Krchňák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Palacky University , 17. Listopadu 12 , Olomouc , 771 46 , Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , 251 Nieuwland Science Center , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
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Aparna EP, Devaky KS. Advances in the Solid-Phase Synthesis of Pyrimidine Derivatives. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2019; 21:35-68. [PMID: 30607935 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.8b00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This Review describes the existing synthetic approaches for the solid-phase synthesis (SPS) of differently substituted and fused pyrimidine derivatives. These synthetic strategies are classified on the basis of the different synthetic routes leading to the particular type of pyrimidine heterocycle formed. The Review discusses the application of a variety of polystyrene derived supports for the construction of pyrimidine rings. The effect of microwave heating on the solid-phase synthesis is also addressed in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. P. Aparna
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India
| | - K. S. Devaky
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India
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Kumar S, Ho PH, Barve IJ, Sun CM. Enantiospecific Synthesis of Imidazoquinazolin-2-ones via Base-Catalyzed Tandem Cyclization. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao-Tung University; Hsinchu 300-10 Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Pei-Heng Ho
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao-Tung University; Hsinchu 300-10 Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Indrajeet J. Barve
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao-Tung University; Hsinchu 300-10 Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chung-Ming Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao-Tung University; Hsinchu 300-10 Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry; Kaohsiung Medical University; 100, Shih-Chuan 1 Road Kaohsiung 807-08 Taiwan, R.O.C
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Saidulu G, Arun Kumar R, Anitha T, Srinivasulu A, Sridhar B, Liu ST, Rajender Reddy K. C–N and C–P bond formation via cross dehydrative coupling reaction: an efficient synthesis of novel 3,4-dihydroquinazolines. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10203g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Messina I, Popa I, Maier V, Soural M. Solid-phase synthesis of 5-noranagrelide derivatives. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2014; 16:33-8. [PMID: 24304422 DOI: 10.1021/co4001315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Solid-phase synthesis of 1H-benzo[d]imidazo[1,2-a]imidazol-2(3H)-one derivatives employing Fmoc-α-amino acids and nitroaryl fluorides as key building blocks has been developed. The Fmoc-α-amino acids immobilized on Wang resin, equipped with a piperazine carbamate linker, were transformed to o-nitroanilines in two steps. After reduction of the nitro group, the corresponding o-phenylenediamines gave the 2-aminobenzimidazole scaffold by reaction either with cyanogen bromide or with Fmoc-NCS. Cleavage from the polymer support and further cyclization afforded the target compounds. The developed methodology represents a versatile and simple approach for the preparation of various corresponding 1H-benzo[d]imidazo[1,2-a]imidazol-2(3H)-ones from a large number of commercially available building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivano Messina
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine,
Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Popa
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine,
Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vítězslav Maier
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Analytical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Soural
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine,
Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Kumar RA, Saidulu G, Sridhar B, Liu ST, Reddy KR. Copper-catalyzed activation of α-amino peroxy and hydroxy intermediates to iminium ion precursor: an access to C4-substituted 3,4-dihydroquinazolines via oxidative cross coupling strategy. J Org Chem 2013; 78:10240-50. [PMID: 24060201 DOI: 10.1021/jo401622r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A simple and straightforward approach to access C4-substituted-3,4-dihydroquinazolines has been achieved, where copper-catalyzed activation of α-amino peroxide and hydroxide intermediates to iminium ion precursors has been realized as an important step. Reactions of these intermediates with alkynes, indoles, pyrrole, and silylenol ether afforded the structurally diverse C4-substituted-3,4-dihydroquinazoline derivatives in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Arun Kumar
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 607, India
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Kumar RA, Saidulu G, Prasad KR, Kumar GS, Sridhar B, Reddy KR. Transition Metal-Free α-C(sp3)H Bond Functionalization of Amines by Oxidative Cross Dehydrogenative Coupling Reaction: Simple and Direct Access to C-4-Alkylated 3,4-Dihydroquinazoline Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Gil C, Bräse S. Solid-Phase Synthesis of Biologically Active Benzoannelated Nitrogen Heterocycles: An Update. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 11:175-97. [DOI: 10.1021/cc800102t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Gil
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain, and Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH) and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain, and Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH) and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Saha B, Sharma S, Kundu B. Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Benzimidazoquinazoline Derivatives with Three‐Point Diversity. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910701489453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Saha
- a Medicinal Chemistry Division , Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow, India
| | - Sunil Sharma
- a Medicinal Chemistry Division , Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow, India
| | - Bijoy Kundu
- a Medicinal Chemistry Division , Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow, India
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Kundu B, Sawant D, Chhabra R. A modified strategy for Pictet-Spengler reaction leading to the synthesis of imidazoquinoxalines on solid phase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 7:317-21. [PMID: 15762762 DOI: 10.1021/cc049851j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An alternative strategy for Pictet-Spengler reaction involving an N-1 linked aromatic amine of imidazole and aldehydes is described. This is in contrast to a typical Pictet-Spengler reaction, which involves an aliphatic amine attached to the carbon of an activated aromatic nucleus and an aldehyde. Our strategy commences with the nucleophilic replacement of fluorine in resin-bound o-fluoro-nitrobenzoic acid with mono- or disubstituted imidazole, followed by reduction of the nitro group to give an N1 linked aromatic amine of the resin-bound imidazole. This was subsequently treated with an aldehyde in toluene at 80 degrees C and then oxidized in the presence of DDQ to give resin-bound imidazoquinoxalines. Finally, acidolytic cleavage furnished the desired compounds in high yields and purities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijoy Kundu
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
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Kundu B, Partani P, Duggineni S, Sawant D. Solid-Phase Synthesis of 2-Aminoquinazolinone Derivatives with Two- and Three-Point Diversity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 7:909-15. [PMID: 16283801 DOI: 10.1021/cc0500699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A versatile solid-phase method for the synthesis of various substituted 2-amino-4(3H)-quinazolinones with two- and three-point diversity is described. The synthesis commenced with the generation of polymer-bound S-methylisothiourea followed by N-acylation with different substituted o-nitrobenzoic acid. Finally, reduction of the nitro group triggered intramolecular cyclization via formation of guanidine to afford 2-amino-4(3H)-quinazolinone and its derivatives in high yields and purities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijoy Kundu
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
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Wang X, Dixon S, Kurth MJ, Lam KS. Traceless solid-phase synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted-6-nitro-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinoline-2-ones. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Grover RK, Kesarwani AP, Srivastava GK, Kundu B, Roy R. Base catalyzed intramolecular transamidation of 2-aminoquinazoline derivatives on solid phase. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Facile solid phase synthesis of 1,2-disubstituted-6-nitro-1,4-dihydroquinazolines using a tetrafunctional scaffold. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.11.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Roy AD, Sharma S, Grover RK, Kundu B, Roy R. Novel Intramolecular Rearrangement Leading to the Synthesis of Biheterocyclic Indole−Benzoimidazole Derivatives on Solid Phase. Org Lett 2004; 6:4763-6. [PMID: 15575680 DOI: 10.1021/ol0479794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A novel intramolecular SNAr rearrangement observed during the S-alkylation of benzoimidazole-2-thione with alpha-haloacetophenone is reported. The rearrangement led to the formation of a new benzoimidazole-based intermediate, which is further utilized for the generation of a new biheterocyclic indole-benzimidazole derivatives with a two-point diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet Deb Roy
- Division of SAIF, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland E Dolle
- Department of Chemistry, Adolor Corporation, 700 Pennsylvania Drive, Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, USA.
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Song A, Mařı́k J, Lam KS. Solid-phase synthesis of 3-alkyl-2-arylamino-3,4-dihydroquinazolines. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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