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Kaur N. Environmentally Benign Synthesis of Five-Membered 1,3-N,N-Heterocycles by Microwave Irradiation. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2013.825808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Navjeet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
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Ionic liquid-supported synthesis of dihydroquinazolines and tetrahydroquinazolines under microwave irradiation. Mol Divers 2011; 16:241-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-011-9350-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chanda K, Chou CT, Lai JJ, Lin SF, Yellol GS, Sun CM. Traceless synthesis of diketopiperazine fused tetrahydro-β-carbolines on soluble polymer support. Mol Divers 2010; 15:569-81. [PMID: 20936530 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-010-9284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Pictet-Spengler reaction, using polyethylene glycol immobilized tryptophan ester with a variety of ketones, was achieved by refluxing condition in acidic chloroform. The linear as well as cyclic ketones were employed. All the ketones were reacted within 6-8 h to furnish soluble polymer-supported tetrahydro-β-carboline in good yields. Further expansion at N-terminus of tetrahydro-β-carbolines was achieved through a reaction with chloroacetyl chloride. Finally, the 2,5-diketopiperazine skeleton was constructed over a β-carboline by amination of the resulting N-chloroacetamides and subsequent intramolecular cyclization leading to cleavage of the polymer; constitutes a traceless synthesis of tetracyclic molecular architecture. Significantly, this strategy affords a straightforward and efficient approach for the construction of biological promising molecules with high purity and good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Chanda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, 300-10, Taiwan, ROC
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Hsiao YS, Yellol GS, Chen LH, Sun CM. Multidisciplinary Synthetic Approach for Rapid Combinatorial Library Synthesis of Triaza-Fluorenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 12:723-32. [DOI: 10.1021/cc1000902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Shan Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan
| | - Gorakh S. Yellol
- Department of Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ming Sun
- Department of Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan
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Chang WJ, Chanda K, Sun CM. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Tetracyclic 2,5-Diketopiperazines on a Soluble Polymer Support: A Structural Analogue of Tadalafil. Aust J Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1071/ch08334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Structural analogues of tadalafil that contain two diversity points have been synthesized from a soluble polymer support employing a Pictet–Spengler reaction using focussed microwave irradiation. Polymer-bound deprotected tryptophan reacts with various aldehydes to generate the tetrahydro-β-carbolines on the support. Subsequently immobilized tetrahydro-β-carboline underwent a highly efficient intramolecular N-heterocyclization in a traceless fashion from various in-situ generated α-alkyl and heteroalkyl amides in two steps to generate tetracyclic 2,5-diketopiperazines in high purity. All the compounds were isolated as cis and trans isomers with good yields.
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Chen HY, Kulkarni MV, Chen CH, Sun CM. Synthesis of structurally diverse benzimidazolyl benzimidazolones by application of soluble polymer support. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Chang CM, Kulkarni MV, Chen CH, Wang CH, Sun CM. Parallel Synthesis of 2-Sulphanylated Bis-benzimidazoles on Soluble Polymer Support. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 10:466-74. [PMID: 18407696 DOI: 10.1021/cc7002045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Mao Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan, ROC, and Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, Taitung 950, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Manohar V. Kulkarni
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan, ROC, and Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, Taitung 950, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Hau Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan, ROC, and Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, Taitung 950, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Hsiang Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan, ROC, and Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, Taitung 950, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chung-Ming Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan, ROC, and Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, Taitung 950, Taiwan, ROC
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Mallakpour S, Taghavi M. A facile, microwave-assisted synthesis of novel optically active polyamides derived from 5-(3-methyl-2-phthalimidylpentanoylamino)isophthalic acid and different diisocyanates. Eur Polym J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Yang G, Zhang H, Huang Y, Chen Z. Synthesis of Methyl N‐Aryl Oxamate Using Soluble Polymer Support. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910500408357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guichun Yang
- a Faculty of Chemistry and Material Science , Hubei University , Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haiqing Zhang
- a Faculty of Chemistry and Material Science , Hubei University , Wuhan, Hubei, China
- b Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Resources and Environment , Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanling Huang
- a Faculty of Chemistry and Material Science , Hubei University , Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zuxing Chen
- a Faculty of Chemistry and Material Science , Hubei University , Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Martínez-Palou R. Advances in Microwave-Assisted Combinatorial Chemistry Without Polymer-Supported Reagents. Mol Divers 2006; 10:435-62. [PMID: 16896542 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-006-9021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2005] [Accepted: 01/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Combinatorial methodologies have dramatically changed the chemical research and discovery process, offering an unlimited source of new molecule entities to be screened for activity. The application of microwave irradiation in Combinatorial Chemistry and high-throughput synthesis has become increasingly popular. By taking advantage of this energy source, compound libraries for lead generation can be assembled in a fraction of time required by conventional thermal heating. This review focuses on the advances in developing synthetic methodologies in microwave without polymer-supported reagents suitable for combinatorial chemistry, including the advances in microwave-assisted fluorous synthesis technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Martínez-Palou
- Programa de Ingeniería Molecular, Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo, México, DF, México.
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Boldt GE, Dickerson TJ, Janda KD. Emerging chemical and biological approaches for the preparation of discovery libraries. Drug Discov Today 2006; 11:143-8. [PMID: 16533712 DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6446(05)03697-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The term of combinatorial chemistry has come to embrace all types of small-molecule library strategies. In both academic and industrial settings, the development of many combinatorial techniques has been driven by a desire to generate diverse libraries of molecules. Recently, chemical approaches have been reported that range from alternative library design concepts to new synthetic procedures that allow for selective product formation in extremely short reaction times. Concurrently, biological techniques have made great strides by adapting naturally occurring strategies for library preparation and screening. With proper understanding of library design, combinatorial endeavors and molecular libraries will continue to impact on the development of the next generation of tools for modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant E Boldt
- Department of Chemistry, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Worm Institute for Research and Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Kuznetsov DV, Raev VA, Kuranov GL, Arapov OV, Kostikov RR. Microwave Activation in Organic Synthesis. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11178-006-0030-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Sedlák M. Recent Advances in Chemistry and Applications of Substituted Poly(ethylene glycol)s. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc20050269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene glycol)s are well defined and easily accessible macromolecules with suitable properties for applications in chemistry, biotechnologies and medicine. The terminal hydroxy groups of poly(ethylene glycol)s can easily be converted into reactive functional groups by a number of routine reactions of organic chemistry. The chemical reagents or catalysts anchored to poly(ethylene glycol) chains were used in a number of syntheses including the enantioselective ones. Poly(ethylene glycol)s serve as carriers in combinatorial syntheses in the liquid phase. Coupling of poly(ethylene glycol)s with other polymers was used to prepare series of block copolymers having numerous applications. From the point of view of medical applications it is significant that substituted poly(ethylene glycol)s are non-toxic and resistant to recognition by the immunity system. That is why they are often used as carriers of many low-molecular-weight as well as high-molecular-weight medical drugs (drug delivery systems). In the conjugates with drugs their biological activity increases and their toxicity decreases. A review with 41 references.
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Ribière P, Yadav-Bhatnagar N, Martinez J, Lamaty F. Microwave-assisted aza-Baylis-Hillman Reaction. Preparation of Poly(ethylene Glycol) Supported α-methylene-β-Aminoester. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/qsar.200420041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Although fire is now rarely used in synthetic chemistry, it was not until Robert Bunsen invented the burner in 1855 that the energy from this heat source could be applied to a reaction vessel in a focused manner. The Bunsen burner was later superseded by the isomantle, oil bath, or hot plate as a source for applying heat to a chemical reaction. In the past few years, heating and driving chemical reactions by microwave energy has been an increasingly popular theme in the scientific community. This nonclassical heating technique is slowly moving from a laboratory curiosity to an established technique that is heavily used in both academia and industry. The efficiency of "microwave flash heating" in dramatically reducing reaction times (from days and hours to minutes and seconds) is just one of the many advantages. This Review highlights recent applications of controlled microwave heating in modern organic synthesis, and discusses some of the underlying phenomena and issues involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Oliver Kappe
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Karl-Franzens University Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
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Kappe CO. Kontrolliertes Erhitzen mit Mikrowellen in der modernen organischen Synthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200400655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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