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Mukherjee T, Biswas S, Ehnbom A, Ghosh SK, El-Zoghbi I, Bhuvanesh N, Bazzi HS, Gladysz JA. Syntheses, structures, and stabilities of aliphatic and aromatic fluorous iodine(I) and iodine(III) compounds: the role of iodine Lewis basicity. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:2486-2501. [PMID: 29234476 PMCID: PMC5704765 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The title molecules are sought in connection with various synthetic applications. The aliphatic fluorous alcohols Rfn CH2OH (Rfn = CF3(CF2) n-1; n = 11, 13, 15) are converted to the triflates Rfn CH2OTf (Tf2O, pyridine; 22-61%) and then to Rfn CH2I (NaI, acetone; 58-69%). Subsequent reactions with NaOCl/HCl give iodine(III) dichlorides Rfn CH2ICl2 (n = 11, 13; 33-81%), which slowly evolve Cl2. The ethereal fluorous alcohols CF3CF2CF2O(CF(CF3)CF2O) x CF(CF3)CH2OH (x = 2-5) are similarly converted to triflates and then to iodides, but efforts to generate the corresponding dichlorides fail. Substrates lacking a methylene group, Rfn I, are also inert, but additions of TMSCl to bis(trifluoroacetates) Rfn I(OCOCF3)2 appear to generate Rfn ICl2, which rapidly evolve Cl2. The aromatic fluorous iodides 1,3-Rf6C6H4I, 1,4-Rf6C6H4I, and 1,3-Rf10C6H4I are prepared from the corresponding diiodides, copper, and Rfn I (110-130 °C, 50-60%), and afford quite stable Rfn C6H4ICl2 species upon reaction with NaOCl/HCl (80-89%). Iodinations of 1,3-(Rf6)2C6H4 and 1,3-(Rf8CH2CH2)2C6H4 (NIS or I2/H5IO6) give 1,3,5-(Rf6)2C6H3I and 1,2,4-(Rf8CH2CH2)2C6H3I (77-93%). The former, the crystal structure of which is determined, reacts with Cl2 to give a 75:25 ArICl2/ArI mixture, but partial Cl2 evolution occurs upon work-up. The latter gives the easily isolated dichloride 1,2,4-(Rf8CH2CH2)2C6H3ICl2 (89%). The relative thermodynamic ease of dichlorination of these and other iodine(I) compounds is probed by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tathagata Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas, 77842-3012, USA
| | - Soumik Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas, 77842-3012, USA
| | - Andreas Ehnbom
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas, 77842-3012, USA
| | - Subrata K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas, 77842-3012, USA
| | - Ibrahim El-Zoghbi
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, P.O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas, 77842-3012, USA
| | - Hassan S Bazzi
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, P.O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar
| | - John A Gladysz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas, 77842-3012, USA
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Abstract
The synthesis, some of the properties and the applications of fluorous phosphines in biphasic, organometallic and organo-catalysis were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - István T. Horváth
- Department of Biology and Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon
- China
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Packheiser R, Ecorchard P, Rüffer T, Lang H. Mixed-Transition-Metal Acetylides: Synthesis and Characterization of Complexes with up to Six Different Transition Metals Connected by Carbon-Rich Bridging Units. Chemistry 2008; 14:4948-60. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kleijn H, Kleij AW, de Pater JJ, Lutz M, Spek AL, Jastrzebski JT, Deelman BJ, van Koten G. 2-(1-(Dimethylamino)ethyl)phenylpalladium(II) complexes 5-functionalized with fluorous silyl tails. Inorganica Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2005.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Dinh LV, Gladysz JA. Monophasic and biphasic hydrosilylations of enones and ketones using a fluorous rhodium catalyst that is easily recycled under fluorous–organic liquid–liquid biphasic conditions. NEW J CHEM 2005. [DOI: 10.1039/b415344h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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