Ultra-Easy Access to NH2-Functionalized TSILs, Their Potential as Highly Volume-Efficient Electrophile Scavengers, and Insights into the Electronics of Girard's Reagent T, A Venerable Chemical Work Horse

Ionic Liquids in Metal, Photo-, Electro-, and (Bio) Catalysis

Ionic liquids (ILs) have unique physicochemical properties that make them advantageous for catalysis, such as low vapor pressure, non-flammability, high thermal and chemical stabilities, and the ability to enhance the activity and stability of (bio)catalysts. ILs can improve the efficiency, selectivity, and sustainability of bio(transformations) by acting as activators of enzymes, selectively dissolving substrates and products, and reducing toxicity. They can also be recycled and reused multiple times without losing their effectiveness. ILs based on imidazolium cation are preferred for structural organization aspects, with a semiorganized layer surrounding the catalyst. ILs act as a container, providing a confined space that allows modulation of electronic and geometric effects, miscibility of reactants and products, and residence time of species. ILs can stabilize ionic and radical species and control the catalytic activity of dynamic processes. Supported IL phase (SILP) derivatives and polymeric ILs (PILs) are good options for molecular engineering of greener catalytic processes. The major factors governing metal, photo-, electro-, and biocatalysts in ILs are discussed in detail based on the vast literature available over the past two and a half decades. Catalytic reactions, ranging from hydrogenation and cross-coupling to oxidations, promoted by homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts in both single and multiphase conditions, are extensively reviewed and discussed considering the knowledge accumulated until now.

Design, spectral, molecular modeling, antimitotic, analytical and mechanism studies of phenyl isothiocyanate Girard's T derived metal complexes

The ligand N-{[(phenyl amino) thioxomethyl] hydrazino carbonyl methyl} trimethyl ammonium chloride (PTHAC) was prepared by the refluxing phenyl isothiocyanate and Girard-T (trimethyl ammonium-acethydrazide) in a molar ratio (1:1). The metal complexes derived from NiCl2.6H2O, CuCl2.2H2O and Co(CH3COO)2.6H2O were synthesized and purified. The PTHAC and its Cu(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) metal complexes(1-3) were characterized using a variety of various instrumental performances such as elemental analysis, magnetic moment, spectra (IR, UV-Vis, 1H NMR, mass) and thermal analysis (TGA and DTG).The results of element analysis, magnetic moment, spectra (IR, UV-Vis, 1H NMR, mass), and thermal (TGA and DTA) analyses provide the structures of the produced ligand and its (1-3) complexes. According to the spectroscopic results, PTHAC acts as an O, N and S tridentate donor, creating a mononuclear complex with copper(II), cobalt(II), and nickel(II) ions with an octahedral geometry. All of the atomic properties, including bond lengths, bond angles, HOMO, LUMO, dipole moments, and charges, have been determined. The cytotoxic activities of the PTHAC and the produced (1-3) complexes against breast carcinoma cells have been studied and correlated to the molecular modeling. When compared to the free ligand, CoII-L, and NiII-L, the CuII-L complex inhibits breast cancer cell growth more effectively. Furthermore, the PTHAC ligand was successfully applied for separation via flotation and spectrophotometric determination of Co(II) in several natural water, certified ore and pharmaceutical samples using oleic acid surfactant (HOL). At pH 6.5, PTHAC reacted with Co(II) to create a dark green (1:1) Co(II):PTHAC complex that was floated significantly using oleic acid (HOL) surfactant. The different experimental variable affecting the separation procedure e.g. pH, concentration of Co(II), HOL, PTHAC, temperature etc.…, were investigated. Co(II) had a linear range of (0.1-7.0) mgL-1. In the aqueous and scum layers, the molar absorptivities for the coloured complex are 0.14 × 104 and 0.16 × 105Lmol-1 cm-1, respectively. The LOD was 0.04 mgL-1, which is related to Sandell sensitivity of 3.7 × 10-3 µg cm-2 with a preconcentration factor of 200 and a RSD, % (n = 5) less than 4.2%. In addition, the mechanisms involved in the process of coordination of PTHAC with Cu(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) and the mechanism involved in the process of flotation of the PTHAC-Co(II) complex using HOL surfactant were elucidated.

Magnetically Retrievable Nanocomposite Based on Thiosemicarbazide-Formaldehyde Resin as a Versatile Nucleophilic Scavenger

A magnetically retrievable nanocomposite was prepared by in situ polycondensation and entrapment of iron oxide nanoparticles. This material was found to be efficient in trapping excess electrophilic reagents such as carbonyl compounds, acid chlorides and isothiocyanates. Advantages of the new scavenger include facile preparation, high loading capacity, low cost, satisfactory swelling properties in polar solvents, and convenient magnetic recovery.