Synthesis of Hydantoins and Thiohydantoins Spiro-Fused to Pyrrolidines: Druglike Molecules Based on the 2-Arylethyl Amine Scaffold

Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Hydantoins: The State of the Art of a Valuable Scaffold

The review highlights the hydantoin syntheses presented from the point of view of the preparation methods. Novel synthetic routes to various hydantoin structures, the advances brought to the classical methods in the aim of producing more sustainable and environmentally friendly procedures for the preparation of these biomolecules, and a critical comparison of the different synthetic approaches developed in the last twelve years are also described. The review is composed of 95 schemes, 8 figures and 528 references for the last 12 years and includes the description of the hydantoin-based marketed drugs and clinical candidates.

Poly(ethylene) glycols and mechanochemistry for the preparation of bioactive 3,5-disubstituted hydantoins

Mechanochemistry was effective for the preparation of 3,5-disubstituted hydantoins from α-amino methyl esters, using either 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) or alkyl isocyanates.

A facile synthesis of functionalized dispirooxindole derivatives via a three-component 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction

An efficient synthesis of novel dispirooxindoles has been achieved through three-component 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides generated in situ by the decarboxylative condensation of isatin and an α-amino acid with the dipolarophile 5-benzylideneimidazolidine-2,4-dione. The improved procedure features mild reaction conditions, high yields, high diastereoselectivities, a one-pot procedure and operational simplicity.

Synthesis of dihydrouracils spiro-fused to pyrrolidines: druglike molecules based on the 2-arylethyl amine scaffold

The synthesis of a small library of dihydrouracils spiro-fused to pyrrolidines is described. These compounds are synthesized from beta-aryl pyrrolidines, providing products with the 2-arylethyl amine moiety, a structural feature often encountered in compounds active in the central nervous system. The b-aryl pyrrolidines are synthesized through a three-step methodology that includes a Knoevenagel condensation reaction, a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction, and a nitrile reduction.