Diversification of a Thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one Scaffold via Regioselective Alkylation Reactions

Recent developments regarding the use of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one derivatives in medicinal chemistry, with a focus on their synthesis and anticancer properties

It is generally understood that the antitumor properties of synthetic heterocyclic compounds are among the most powerful properties that can be made use in medicinal chemistry. More specifically, their substantial cytotoxic effects against different types of human tumor cells, in addition to their roles as enzymes or receptors for various kinase inhibitors, make them critically important. In recent years, thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one derivatives (TPs), which are analogs of quinazoline alkaloids, have frequently attracted the interest of medicinal chemistry researchers due to their promising anticancer properties. The present study is a review of the latest advances (i.e., since 2006) in TP derivative-related research, with a focus on how such derivatives are synthesized and on their anticancer activities.

Quinoline derivatives: candidate drugs for a class B G-protein coupled receptor, the calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor, a cause of migraines

Class B G-protein coupled receptors are involved in a wide variety of diseases and are a major focus in drug design. Migraines are a common problem, and one of their major causative agents is the class B G-protein coupled receptor, Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor, a target for competitive drug discovery. The calcitonin receptor-like receptor generates complexes with a receptor activity-modifying protein, which determines the type of receptor protein formed. The CGRP receptor comprises a complex formed from the calcitonin receptor-like receptor and receptor activity-modifying protein 1. In this study, an in silico docking approach was used to target the calcitonin receptor-like receptor in the bound form with receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (CGRP receptor), as well as in the unbound form. In both cases, the resulting inhibitors bound to the same cavity of the calcitonin receptor-like receptor. The twelve evaluated compounds were competitive inhibitors and showed efficient inhibitory activity against the CGRP receptor and Calcitonin receptor-like receptor. The two studied quinoline derivatives demonstrated potentially ideal inhibitory activity in terms of binding interactions and low range nano-molar inhibition constants. These compounds could prove helpful in designing drugs for the effective treatment of migraines. We propose that quinoline derivatives possess inhibitory activity by disturbing CGRP binding in the trigeminovascular system and may be considered for further preclinical appraisal for the treatment of migraines.

Copper-catalyzed cascade preparation of dihydropyrimidin-4-ones from N-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)amides and azides

Dihydropyrimidin-4-ones were efficiently synthesized from copper catalyzed reaction between N-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)amides and sulfonylazides under mild conditions in moderate to excellent yields (up to 96% yields). The cascade process involves the copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition, the formation of ketenimine intermediate, the intramolecular nucleophilic addition of ketenimine, and subsequent rearrangement.

The synthesis of low molecular weight pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-7-one scaffold

A facile method for the synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-7-ones is developed that applies an acid-promoted intramolecular cyclization of 2-pyrrolecarboxylic acid amidoacetals as key step. The synthesis is easily scaled up to 1.5 mol quantity with no yield decrease. The alkylation/arylation reaction of the pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-7-ones proceeds regioselectively giving N6-substituted derivatives.

The Gewald multicomponent reaction

The Gewald reaction of sulfur, cyanoacetic acid derivatives, and oxo-component (G-3CR) yielding highly substituted 2-aminothiophene derivatives has seen diverse applications in combinatorial and medicinal chemistry. Its products are of great use in pharmaceutical industry mainly as small molecular weight inhibitors. We herein review synthetic scope and variations, usage, and structural biology of Gewald products.