1
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Lin J, Kilani M, Baharfar M, Wang R, Mao G. Understanding the nanoscale phenomena of nucleation and crystal growth in electrodeposition. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 39380552 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr02389g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
Electrodeposition is used at the industrial scale to make coatings, membranes, and composites. With better understanding of the nanoscale phenomena associated with the early stage of the process, electrodeposition has potential to be adopted by manufacturers of energy storage devices, advanced electrode materials, fuel cells, carbon dioxide capturing technologies, and advanced sensing electronics. The ability to conduct precise electrochemical measurements using cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and chronopotentiometry in addition to control of precursor composition and concentration makes electrocrystallization an attractive method to investigate nucleation and early-stage crystal growth. In this article, we review recent findings of nucleation and crystal growth behaviors at the nanoscale, paying close attention to those that deviate from the classical theories in various electrodeposition systems. The review affirms electrodeposition as a valuable method both for gaining new insights into nucleation and crystallization on surfaces and as a low-cost scalable technology for the manufacturing of advanced materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.
| | - Mohamed Kilani
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.
| | - Mahroo Baharfar
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.
| | - Ren Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.
| | - Guangzhao Mao
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB, UK
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2
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Süle P. Resolving heterogeneous particle mobility in deeply quenched liquid iron: an ultra-fast assembly-free two-step nucleation mechanism. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024. [PMID: 39377916 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp02526a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
Despite intensive research, little is known about the intermediate state of phase transforming materials, which may form the missing link between e.g. liquids and solids on the nanoscale. The unraveling of the nanoscale interplay between the structure and dynamics of the intermediate state of phase transformations (through which e.g. crystal nucleation proceeds) is one of the biggest challenges and unsolved problems of materials science. Here we show using unbiased molecular dynamics simulations and spatially resolved atomic displacement maps (d-maps) that upon deep quenching the solidification of undercooled liquid iron proceeds through the formation of metastable pre-nucleation clusters (PNCs). We also reveal that the hitherto hidden PNCs are nearly immobile (dynamically arrested) and the related heterogeneity in atomic mobilities becomes clearly visible on atomic displacement-maps (d-maps) when atomic jumps are referenced to the final crystalline positions. However, this is in contrast to PNCs found in molecular solutions, in which PNCs tend to aggregate, move and crystallize via an activated process. Coordination filtered d-maps resolved in real space directly demonstrate that previously unseen highly ramified intermediate atomic clusters with a short lifetime emerge after incubation of undercooled liquid iron. The supercooled liquid iron is neither a spinodal system nor a liquid and undergoes a transition into a specific state called a quasi-liquid state within the temperature regime of 700-1250 K (0.5Tm > 0.7Tm, where the melting point is Tm ≈ 1811 K). Below 700 K the supercooled system is spinodal-like and above 1300 K it behaves like an ordinary liquid with long incubation times. A two-step process is proposed to explain the anomalous drop in the incubation time in the temperature regime of 700-1250 K. The 1st step is activated aggregation of small atomic clusters followed by assembly-free nearly barrierless ultrafast growth of early ramified prenucleation clusters called germs. The display and characterization of the hidden PNCs in computer simulations could provide new perspectives on the deeper understanding of the long-standing problem of precursor development during crystal nucleation following deep quenching.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Süle
- Centre for Energy Research, HUN-REN, Research Institute for Technical Physics and Material Science, Dept. of Nanostructures, Konkoly Thege u. 29-33, Budapest, Hungary.
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, HUN-REN, P. O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
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3
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Lin SW, Lam PK, Wu CT, Su KH, Sung CF, Huang SR, Chang JW, Shih O, Yeh YQ, Vo TH, Tsao HK, Hsieh HT, Jeng US, Shieh FK, Yang HC. Decoding the Biomimetic Mineralization of Metal-Organic Frameworks in Water. ACS NANO 2024; 18:25170-25182. [PMID: 39189348 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c07276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
This study unveils the "green" metal-organic framework (MOF) structuring mechanism by decoding proton transfer in water during ZIF-8 synthesis. Combining in situ small- to wide-angle X-ray scattering, multiscale simulations, and quantum calculations, we reveal that the ZIF-8 early-stage nucleation and crystallization process in aqueous solution unfolds in three distinct stages. In stage I, imidazole ligands replace water in zinc-water cages, triggering an "acidity flip" that promotes proton transfer. This leads to the assembly of structures from single zinc ions to 3D amorphous cluster nuclei. In stage II, amorphous nuclei undergo a critical transformation, evolving into crystalline nuclei and subsequently forming mesoscale-ordered structures and crystallites. The process proceeds until the amorphous precursors are completely consumed, with the transformation kinetics governed by an energy barrier that determines the rate-limiting step. In stage III, stable crystallite nanoparticles form in solution, characterized by a temperature-dependent thermal equilibrium of molecular interactions at the crystal-solution interface. Beyond these core advancements, we explore the influence of encapsulated pepsin and nonencapsulated lysozyme on ZIF-8 formation, finding that their amino acid proton transfer capacity and concentration influence the resulting biomolecule-MOF composite's shape and encapsulation efficiency. The findings contribute to understanding the molecular mechanisms behind biomimetic mineralization and have potential implications for engineering proteins within amorphous MOF nuclei as protein embryo growth sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Wei Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
| | - Phuc Khanh Lam
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Teng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hsuan Su
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fang Sung
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
| | - Sen-Ruo Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
| | - Je-Wei Chang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Orion Shih
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Qi Yeh
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Trung Hieu Vo
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Kwong Tsao
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Haw-Ting Hsieh
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - U-Ser Jeng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering & College of Semiconductor Research, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Fa-Kuen Shieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ching Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
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4
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Ilett M, Afzali M, Abdulkarim B, Aslam Z, Foster S, Burgos-Ruiz M, Kim YY, Meldrum FC, Drummond-Brydson RM. Studying crystallisation processes using electron microscopy: The importance of sample preparation. J Microsc 2024; 295:243-256. [PMID: 38594963 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
We present a comparison of common electron microscopy sample preparation methods for studying crystallisation processes from solution using both scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). We focus on two widely studied inorganic systems: calcium sulphate, gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3). We find significant differences in crystallisation kinetics and polymorph selection between the different sample preparation methods, which indicate that drying and chemical quenching can induce severe artefacts that are capable of masking the true native state of the crystallising solution. Overall, these results highlight the importance of cryogenic (cryo)-quenching crystallising solutions and the use of full cryo-TEM as the most reliable method for studying the early stages of crystallisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Ilett
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Maryam Afzali
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Bilal Abdulkarim
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Zabeada Aslam
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Stephanie Foster
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Miguel Burgos-Ruiz
- Department of Mineralogy and Petrology, University of Granada, Granada, UK
| | - Yi-Yeoun Kim
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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5
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Sakakibara M, Nakamuro T, Nakamura E. Kinetic Exploration of Nanoscale Polymorphs through Interface Energy Adjustment. ACS NANO 2024; 18:22325-22333. [PMID: 39117583 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c06618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Traditionally, the study of crystal polymorphism has relied on thermodynamics and measurements averaged over time and the crystal's constituents. This work introduces a kinetic approach to phase identification─millisecond cinematographic electron microscopic imaging of the dynamics of phase transitions of crystals of a few nm in diameter. We demonstrate a remarkable impact of the interface energy on the relative stability of the nanocrystal's polymorphs, enabling in situ manipulation of phase transitions through size increase or decrease. Starting with the B1 NaI polymorph at 298 K, we identified the previously unknown B2 polymorph of a 1 s lifetime upon sublimation of the crystal. From the CsCl liquid phase, we produced the B1 phase, previously described only at 749 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Sakakibara
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakamuro
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Eiichi Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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6
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Qian K, Stella L, Liu F, Jones DS, Andrews GP, Tian Y. Kinetic and Thermodynamic Interplay of Polymer-Mediated Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation for Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2878-2893. [PMID: 38767457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the interplay between kinetics and thermodynamics of polymer-mediated liquid-liquid phase separation is crucial for designing and implementing an amorphous solid dispersion formulation strategy for poorly water-soluble drugs. This work investigates the phase behaviors of a poorly water-soluble model drug, celecoxib (CXB), in a supersaturated aqueous solution with and without polymeric additives (PVP, PVPVA, HPMCAS, and HPMCP). Drug-polymer-water ternary phase diagrams were also constructed to estimate the thermodynamic behaviors of the mixtures at room temperature. The liquid-liquid phase separation onset point for CXB was detected using an inline UV/vis spectrometer equipped with a fiber optic probe. Varying CXB concentrations were achieved using an accurate syringe pump throughout this study. The appearance of the transient nanodroplets was verified by cryo-EM and total internal reflection fluoresence microscopic techniques. The impacts of various factors, such as polymer composition, drug stock solution pumping rates, and the types of drug-polymer interactions, are tested against the onset points of the CXB liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). It was found that the types of drug-polymer interactions, i.e., hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, are vital to the position and shapes of LLPS in the supersaturation drug solution. A relation between the behaviors of LLPS and its location in the CXB-polymer-water ternary phase diagram was drawn from the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijie Qian
- School of Pharmacy, McClay Research Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Northern Ireland BT9 7BL, U.K
| | - Lorenzo Stella
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, U.K
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, U.K
| | - Fanjun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, McClay Research Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Northern Ireland BT9 7BL, U.K
| | - David S Jones
- School of Pharmacy, McClay Research Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Northern Ireland BT9 7BL, U.K
| | - Gavin P Andrews
- School of Pharmacy, McClay Research Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Northern Ireland BT9 7BL, U.K
| | - Yiwei Tian
- School of Pharmacy, McClay Research Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Northern Ireland BT9 7BL, U.K
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7
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Du W, Wang Y, Yang J, Chen J. Two rhombic ice phases from aqueous salt solutions under graphene confinement. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:L062103. [PMID: 39020996 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.l062103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Water exhibits rich ice phases depending upon its respective formation conditions, and in particular, the two-dimensional ice with nonhexagonal symmetry adsorbed on solids relates to the exceptional arrangement of water molecules. Despite extensive reporting of two-dimensional ice on various solid surfaces, the geometry and thermodynamics of ice formation from an aqueous salt solution are still unknown. In this Letter, we show the formation of single- and two-phase mixed two-dimensional rhombic ice from aqueous salt solutions with different concentrations under strong compressed confinement of graphene at ambient temperature by using classical molecular dynamics simulations and first-principles calculations. The two rhombic ice phases exhibit identical geometry and thermodynamic properties, but different projections of the oxygen atoms against solid surface symmetry, where they relate to the stable and metastable arrangements of water molecules confined between two graphene layers. A single-phase rhombic ice would grow from the confined saturated aqueous solutions since the previously stable rhombic molecular arrangement becomes an unstable high-energy state by introducing salt ions nearby. Our result reveals different rhombic ice phases growing from pure water and aqueous solutions, highlighting the deciding role of salt ions in the ice formation process due to their common presence in liquids.
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8
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Maršík D, Thoresen PP, Maťátková O, Masák J, Sialini P, Rova U, Tsikourkitoudi V, Christakopoulos P, Matsakas L, Jarošová Kolouchová I. Synthesis and Characterization of Lignin-Silver Nanoparticles. Molecules 2024; 29:2360. [PMID: 38792221 PMCID: PMC11123738 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal nanoparticle synthesis via environmentally friendly methods is gaining interest for their potential advantages over conventional physico-chemical approaches. Herein, we propose a robust green synthesis route for lignin-modified silver nanoparticles, utilizing the recovery of lignin as a renewable raw material and exploring its application in valuable areas. Through a systematic approach combining UV-Vis spectroscopy with AAS and DLS, we identified repeatable and scalable reaction conditions in an aqueous solution at pH 11 for homogeneous silver nanoparticles with high uniformity. The TEM median sizes ranged from 12 to 15 nm with circularity between 0.985 and 0.993. The silver nanoparticles yield exceeded 0.010 mol L-1, comparable with traditional physico-chemical methods, with a minimal loss of silver precursor ranging between 0.5 and 3.9%. Characterization by XRD and XPS revealed the presence of Ag-O bonding involving lignin functional groups on the pure face-centered cubic structure of metallic silver. Moreover, the lignin-modified silver nanoparticles generated a localized thermal effect upon near-infrared laser irradiation (808 nm), potentially allowing for targeted applications in the biomedical field. Our study showcases the potential of lignin as a renewable reducing and capping agent for silver nanoparticle synthesis, addressing some shortcomings of green synthesis approaches and contributing to the development of suitable nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Maršík
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (D.M.); (O.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Petter Paulsen Thoresen
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden; (P.P.T.); (U.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Olga Maťátková
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (D.M.); (O.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Jan Masák
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (D.M.); (O.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Pavel Sialini
- Central Laboratories, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden; (P.P.T.); (U.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Vasiliki Tsikourkitoudi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden; (P.P.T.); (U.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Leonidas Matsakas
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden; (P.P.T.); (U.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Irena Jarošová Kolouchová
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (D.M.); (O.M.); (J.M.)
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9
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Yan Y, Wang J, Lu X, Yuan W, Zhang X. Nucleation-Supersaturation Dual-Drive Crystallization Strategy Enables Efficient Protein Crystallization. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307924. [PMID: 38072771 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
A rational crystallization strategy is essential to obtain high-quality protein crystals, yet the established methods suffer from different limitations arising from the single regulation on either nucleation or supersaturation. Herein, a nucleation-supersaturation dual-driven crystallization (DDC) strategy that realizes synergistic regulation of heterogeneous nucleation sites and solution supersaturation based on dual surface and confinement effects for efficient protein crystallization is reported. This strategy relies on a p(PEGDA-co-DMAA) hydrogel template with pre-filled NaCl under designed concentrations. Once dropping hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) protein solution on the hydrogel, the wrinkled surface provides numerous nucleation sites, while the internal structure regulates the solution supersaturation in the crystallization region through diffusion. Finally, DDC strategy can create high-quality HEWL crystals with large sizes (100-300 µm), well-defined morphologies (hexagon and tetragon), and a significantly accelerated nucleation time (9-12 times faster than that achieved using the conventional hanging drop method). It also performs well at wider protein concentrations (10-50 mg mL-1) and categories (e.g., achieving fast crystallization and large-size crystals of trypsin), therefore demonstrating clear advantages and great potential for efficiently fabricating protein crystals desirable for diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Junyou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xuechun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Weikang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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10
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Bewernitz MA, Ginder-Vogel M, Wolf SE, Seto J, Constantz BR. A bicarbonate-rich liquid condensed phase in non-saturated solutions in the absence of divalent cations. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1382047. [PMID: 38745842 PMCID: PMC11091711 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1382047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Bicarbonate (HCO3 -) and sodium (Na+)-containing solutions contain droplets of a separate, bicarbonate-rich liquid condensed phase (LCP) that have higher concentrations of HCO3 - relative to the bulk solution in which they reside. The existence and composition of the LCP droplets has been investigated by nanoparticle tracking analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, refractive index measurements and X-ray pair distribution function analysis. The bicarbonate-rich LCP species is a previously unaccounted-for, ionic phenomenon which occurs even in solutions with solely monovalent cations. Its existence requires re-evaluation of models used to describe and model aqueous solution physicochemistry, especially those used to describe and model carbonate mineral formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Bewernitz
- Physical Sciences Department, College of Arts and Sciences, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL, United States
| | - Matthew Ginder-Vogel
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Stephan E. Wolf
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Glass and Ceramics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jong Seto
- Center for Biological Physics and School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Brent R. Constantz
- Physical Sciences Department, College of Arts and Sciences, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL, United States
- Blue Planet, Ltd., Los Gatos, CA, United States
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11
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Jongert TK, Slowinski IA, Dao B, Cortez VH, Gredig T, Plascencia ND, Tian F. Zeta Potential and Size Analysis of Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 Nanocrystals Prepared by Surfactant-Assisted Synthesis. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:6138-6148. [PMID: 38488140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The crystal nucleation and growth mechanism of monodispersed metal-organic framework nanoparticles were studied using time-resolved light dynamic, electrokinetic, and powder X-ray diffraction methods. We confirmed that zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) nanocrystals follow a nonclassical crystal growth pathway, where a fast nucleation occurs with dense liquid clusters or nanocrystals forming spontaneously when two precursors are mixed. We also explored the zeta potential and solvodynamic size changes of ZIF-8 prepared by a surfactant-assisted synthesis. Three modulators, including 1-methylimidazole (1-mIm), tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (THAM), and (1-hexadecyl)trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), were studied. We found that 1-mIm dramatically increases the rate of nucleation of ZIF-8. With an increasing amount of 1-mIm, which functions as a coordination modulator, the size increases, and the zeta potential of ZIF-8 decreases. Whereas THAM, as both a coordination and a deprotonation modulator, increases the size and zeta potential of ZIF-8 simultaneously, CTAB, as a long alkyl cationic surfactant, mainly adsorbs on the surface of ZIF-8, and the zeta potential of the formed ZIF-8 is controlled by the amount of CTAB in solution compared with its critical micelle concentration. Overall, we reveal that the modulator type and concentration can be used to control the size and zeta potential of the dispersed ZIF-8 nanocrystals in a colloid system. The experiments also enable identification of the nucleation and crystal growth processes of ZIF-8. The findings will be applicable to other nanocrystals in colloid systems, which are used for heterogeneous catalysis and guest molecular loadings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan K Jongert
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, California 90840, United States
| | - Ian A Slowinski
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, California 90840, United States
| | - Benjamin Dao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, California 90840, United States
| | - Victor H Cortez
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, California 90840, United States
| | - Thomas Gredig
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, California 90840, United States
| | - Nestor D Plascencia
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, California 90840, United States
| | - Fangyuan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, California 90840, United States
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12
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Ge X, Fan Y, Zhai H, Chi J, Putnis CV, Wang L, Zhang W. Direct observations of nanoscale brushite dissolution by the concentration-dependent adsorption of phosphate or phytate. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 248:120851. [PMID: 37976955 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
With the development of agricultural intensification, phosphorus (P) accumulation in croplands and sediments has resulted in the increasingly widespread interaction between inorganic and organic P species, which has been, previously, underestimated or even ignored. We quantified the nanoscale dissolution kinetics of sparingly soluble brushite (CaHPO4·2H2O, DCPD) over a broad range of phosphate and/or phytate concentrations by using in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM). Compared to water, we found that low concentrations of phosphate (1-1000 µM) or phytate (1-100 µM) inhibited brushite dissolution by slowing single step retraction. However, with increasing phosphate or phytate concentrations to 10 mM, there was a reverse effect of dissolution promotion at brushite-water interfaces. In situ observations of the coupled dissolution-reprecipitation showed that phosphate precipitated more readily than phytate on brushite surfaces, with the formation of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP). For a fundamental understanding, zeta potential and in situ Raman spectroscopy (RS) revealed that the concentration-dependent dissolution is attributed to the reverse of outer-sphere to inner-sphere adsorption with increasing phosphate or phytate concentrations. In addition, the mineralization of phytate with outer-sphere adsorption by phytase was higher than that with inner-spere adsorption, and the presence of phytate delayed ACP phase transformation to hydroxylapatite (HAP). These in situ observations and analyses may fill the knowledge gaps of interaction between inorganic and organic P species in P-rich terrestrial and aquatic environments, thereby implicating their biogeochemical cycling and the associated availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfei Ge
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuke Fan
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hang Zhai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Jialin Chi
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Christine V Putnis
- Institut für Mineralogie, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany; School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth 6845, Australia
| | - Lijun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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13
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Kurtyka N, van Devener B, Chung BW, McDonald LW. In Situ Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Studtite Particle Formation and Growth via Electron Beam Radiolysis. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:48336-48343. [PMID: 38144047 PMCID: PMC10733958 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
This study presents in situ observations of studtite (UO2O2(H2O)2·2H2O) crystal growth utilizing liquid phase transmission electron microscopy (LP-TEM). Studtite was precipitated from a uranyl nitrate hexahydrate solution using hydrogen peroxide formed by the radiolysis of water in the TEM electron beam. The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration, directly controlled by the electron beam current, was varied to create local environments of low and high concentrations to compare the impact of the supersaturation ratio on the nucleation and growth mechanisms of studtite particles. The subsequent growth mechanisms were observed in real time by TEM and scanning TEM imaging. After the initial precipitation reaction, a post-mortem TEM analysis was performed on the samples to obtain high-resolution TEM images and selected area electron diffraction patterns to investigate crystallinity as well as energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy spectra to ensure that studtite was produced. The results reveal that studtite particles form through various mechanisms based on the concentration ratio of uranyl to H2O2 and that studtite is initially produced through an amorphous intermediary prior to formation of the crystalline material commonly reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Kurtyka
- Department
of Nuclear Engineering, University of Utah, 110 Central Campus Dr., Suite 2000, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Brian van Devener
- Electron
Microscopy and Surface Analysis Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Brandon W. Chung
- Lawrence
Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Luther W. McDonald
- Department
of Nuclear Engineering, University of Utah, 110 Central Campus Dr., Suite 2000, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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14
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Christie KSS, McGaughey A, McBride SA, Xu X, Priestley RD, Ren ZJ. Membrane Distillation-Crystallization for Sustainable Carbon Utilization and Storage. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:16628-16640. [PMID: 37857373 PMCID: PMC10621001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions from power plants can be limited using postcombustion carbon dioxide capture by amine-based solvents. However, sustainable strategies for the simultaneous utilization and storage of carbon dioxide are limited. In this study, membrane distillation-crystallization is used to facilitate the controllable production of carbonate minerals directly from carbon dioxide-loaded amine solutions and waste materials such as fly ash residues and waste brines from desalination. To identify the most suitable conditions for carbon mineralization, we vary the membrane type, operating conditions, and system configuration. Feed solutions with 30 wt % monoethanolamine are loaded with 5-15% CO2 and heated to 40-50 °C before being dosed with 0.18 M Ca2+ and Mg2+. Membranes with lower surface energy and greater roughness are found to more rapidly promote mineralization due to up to 20% greater vapor flux. Lower operating temperature improves membrane wetting tolerance by 96.2% but simultaneously reduces crystal growth rate by 48.3%. Sweeping gas membrane distillation demonstrates a 71.6% reduction in the mineralization rate and a marginal improvement (37.5%) on membrane wetting tolerance. Mineral identity and growth characteristics are presented, and the analysis is extended to explore the potential improvements for carbon mineralization as well as the feasibility of future implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kofi S. S. Christie
- Andlinger
Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Allyson McGaughey
- Andlinger
Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Samantha A. McBride
- Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Rodney D. Priestley
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Princeton
Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Zhiyong Jason Ren
- Andlinger
Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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15
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Poudyal M, Patel K, Gadhe L, Sawner AS, Kadu P, Datta D, Mukherjee S, Ray S, Navalkar A, Maiti S, Chatterjee D, Devi J, Bera R, Gahlot N, Joseph J, Padinhateeri R, Maji SK. Intermolecular interactions underlie protein/peptide phase separation irrespective of sequence and structure at crowded milieu. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6199. [PMID: 37794023 PMCID: PMC10550955 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41864-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) has emerged as a crucial biological phenomenon underlying the sequestration of macromolecules (such as proteins and nucleic acids) into membraneless organelles in cells. Unstructured and intrinsically disordered domains are known to facilitate multivalent interactions driving protein LLPS. We hypothesized that LLPS could be an intrinsic property of proteins/polypeptides but with distinct phase regimes irrespective of their sequence and structure. To examine this, we studied many (a total of 23) proteins/polypeptides with different structures and sequences for LLPS study in the presence and absence of molecular crowder, polyethylene glycol (PEG-8000). We showed that all proteins and even highly charged polypeptides (under study) can undergo liquid condensate formation, however with different phase regimes and intermolecular interactions. We further demonstrated that electrostatic, hydrophobic, and H-bonding or a combination of such intermolecular interactions plays a crucial role in individual protein/peptide LLPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Poudyal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Komal Patel
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
- Sunita Sanghi Centre of Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Laxmikant Gadhe
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Ajay Singh Sawner
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Pradeep Kadu
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Debalina Datta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Semanti Mukherjee
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Soumik Ray
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Ambuja Navalkar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Siddhartha Maiti
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
- Department of Bioengineering, VIT Bhopal University, Bhopal-Indore Highway, Kothrikalan, Sehore, Madhya Pradesh, 466114, India
| | - Debdeep Chatterjee
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Jyoti Devi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Riya Bera
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Nitisha Gahlot
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Jennifer Joseph
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Ranjith Padinhateeri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Samir K Maji
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
- Sunita Sanghi Centre of Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
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16
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Skrdla PJ, Coscia BJ, Gavartin J, Browning A, Shelley J. Drug Aggregation of Sparingly-Soluble Ionizable Drugs: Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Papaverine and Prostaglandin F2α. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5135-5147. [PMID: 37671526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation in aqueous solution can have important implications on both the in vivo exposure of a drug and its pharmaceutical manufacturability. However, the drug aggregates formed can be very small and, thus, difficult to interrogate experimentally. On the other hand, at higher supersaturations where larger aggregates are supported, the chemical system is inherently metastable and therefore likewise challenging to study from an experimental standpoint. Understanding aggregation behavior is further complicated in the case of ionizable drugs where, unlike neutral compounds, there can be uncertainty in the kinds of drug molecules (i.e., charged, neutral, or both) that become incorporated into various clusters, particularly at pH values near the pKa. In this paper, we apply physics-based all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study aggregation in the weakly basic drug papaverine and in the weakly acidic drug prostaglandin F2α. We employ in silico tools to construct simulation workflows and comprehensive cluster analysis protocols to elucidate the size distributions and dynamics of the drug aggregates formed at both an experimentally relevant concentration and at high supersaturation. We build on a previously published treatment [Solubility of sparingly soluble ionizable drugs. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 2007, 59, 568-590, DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2007.05.008] to translate the predicted aggregate distributions of each ionized drug into corresponding pH-solubility curves that can be compared directly to experiment. Our findings show that the assumption of a single predominant (charged) aggregate can be misleading in interpreting experimental pH-solubility curves, as it does not adequately reflect the rich diversity revealed in our simulations. Beyond not accounting for the distribution of ionized drug-containing clusters actually observed in solution, for both drugs we find evidence that neutral drug molecules can also participate in the aggregation phenomena. Notably, we observe that many drug molecules remain as free monomers in solution even under simulated conditions designed to mimic those where there is significant deviation of the experimental pH-solubility curve from the Henderson-Hasselbalch (H-H) equation, often taken to be a clear signpost of drug aggregation.
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17
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Singh V, Feldman Y, Leitus G, Brumfeld V, Shimon LJW, Lahav M, van der Boom ME. Factors Controlling Complex Morphologies of Isomorphous Metal-Organic Frameworks. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301825. [PMID: 37334917 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate here how nitrate salts of bivalent copper, nickel, cobalt, and manganese, along with an achiral organic ligand, assemble into various structures such as symmetrical double-decker flowers, smooth elongated hexagonal bipyramids, and hexagonal prisms. Large morphological changes occur in these structures because of different metal cations, although they maintain isomorphous hexagonal crystallographic structures. Metal cations with stronger coordination to ligands (Cu and Ni) tend to form uniform crystals with unusual shapes, whereas weaker coordinating metal cations (Mn and Co) produce crystals with more regular hexagonal morphologies. The unusual flower-like crystals formed with copper nitrate have two pairs of six symmetrical petals with hexagonal convex centers. The texture of the petals indicates dendritic growth. Two different types of morphologies were formed by using different copper nitrate-to-ligand ratios. An excess of the metal salt results in uniform and hexagonal crystals having a narrow size distribution, whereas the use of an excess of ligand results in double-decker morphologies. Mechanistically, an intermediate structure was observed with slightly concave facets and a domed center. Such structures most likely play a key role in the formation of double-decker crystals that can be formed by fusion processes. The coordination chemistry results in isostructural chiral frameworks consisting of two types of continuous helical channels. Four pyridine units from four separate ligands are coordinated to the metal center in a plane having a chiral (propeller-type) arrangement. The individual double-decker flower crystals are homochiral and a batch consists of crystals having both handedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Singh
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Yishay Feldman
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Gregory Leitus
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Vlad Brumfeld
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Linda J W Shimon
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Michal Lahav
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Milko E van der Boom
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
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18
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Korede V, Nagalingam N, Penha FM, van der Linden N, Padding JT, Hartkamp R, Eral HB. A Review of Laser-Induced Crystallization from Solution. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2023; 23:3873-3916. [PMID: 37159656 PMCID: PMC10161235 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.2c01526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Crystallization abounds in nature and industrial practice. A plethora of indispensable products ranging from agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals to battery materials are produced in crystalline form in industrial practice. Yet, our control over the crystallization process across scales, from molecular to macroscopic, is far from complete. This bottleneck not only hinders our ability to engineer the properties of crystalline products essential for maintaining our quality of life but also hampers progress toward a sustainable circular economy in resource recovery. In recent years, approaches leveraging light fields have emerged as promising alternatives to manipulate crystallization. In this review article, we classify laser-induced crystallization approaches where light-material interactions are utilized to influence crystallization phenomena according to proposed underlying mechanisms and experimental setups. We discuss nonphotochemical laser-induced nucleation, high-intensity laser-induced nucleation, laser trapping-induced crystallization, and indirect methods in detail. Throughout the review, we highlight connections among these separately evolving subfields to encourage the interdisciplinary exchange of ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Korede
- Process
& Energy Department, Delft University
of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Nagaraj Nagalingam
- Process
& Energy Department, Delft University
of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Frederico Marques Penha
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, Teknikringen
42, 114-28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Noah van der Linden
- Process
& Energy Department, Delft University
of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Johan T. Padding
- Process
& Energy Department, Delft University
of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Remco Hartkamp
- Process
& Energy Department, Delft University
of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Huseyin Burak Eral
- Process
& Energy Department, Delft University
of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
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19
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Sheng H, Li Y, Feng J, Liu Y. Regulation of thermodynamics and kinetics of silica nucleation during the silicification process in higher plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 198:107674. [PMID: 37018864 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The formation mechanism of SiO2 aggregates is controversial because two contrasting hypotheses are often proposed to explain plant silicification. In this review, we summarize the physicochemical fundamentals of amorphous silica nucleation and discuss how plants regulate the process of silicification by influencing the thermodynamics and kinetics of silica nucleation. At silicification positions, plants overcome the thermodynamic barrier by establishing the supersaturation of the H4SiO4 solution and reducing the interfacial free energy. Among the thermodynamic-drivers, the establishment of supersaturation of H4SiO4 solution mainly depends on the expression of Si transporters for H4SiO4 supply, evapotranspiration for concentrating Si, and the other solutes in H4SiO4 solution for influencing the dissolution equilibrium of SiO2; while the interfacial free energy was reduced seemingly by the overexpression Na+/H+ antiporter SOS1 in high NaCl-stressed rice. Moreover, some kinetic-drivers, such as silicification-related proteins (Slp1 and PRP1) and new cell wall components, are actively expressed or synthesized by plants to interact with silicic acid, thereby reducing the kinetic barrier. According to classical nucleation theory, when the thermodynamic barrier is overcome, the super-saturated silicic acid solution (such as H4SiO4 in xylem sap) does not necessarily have to precipitate, just has the potential ability to precipitation. Thus, based on the mediators of SiO2 deposition at the thermodynamic-driven stage, it is difficult to evaluate whether the process of plant silicification is active or passive. We conclude that the characteristics of kinetic-drivers determine the mechanism of plant silicification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huachun Sheng
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610225, PR China; Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610225, PR China; Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610225, PR China.
| | - Ying Li
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610225, PR China; Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610225, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610225, PR China
| | - Jingqiu Feng
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610225, PR China; Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610225, PR China; Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610225, PR China.
| | - Yuan Liu
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610225, PR China; Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610225, PR China; Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610225, PR China.
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20
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Iida Y, Hiratsuka T, Miyahara MT, Watanabe S. Mechanism of Nucleation Pathway Selection in Binary Lennard-Jones Solution: A Combined Study of Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Free Energy Analysis. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:3524-3533. [PMID: 37027488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c08893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
The nucleation process, which is the initial step in particle synthesis, determines the properties of the resultant particles. Although recent studies have observed various nucleation pathways, the physical factors that determine these pathways have not been fully elucidated. Herein, we conducted molecular dynamics simulations in a binary Lennard-Jones system as a model solution and found that the nucleation pathway can be classified into four types depending on microscopic interactions. The key parameters are (1) the strength of the solute-solute interaction and (2) the difference between the strengths of the like-pair and unlike-pair interactions. The increment of the former alters the nucleation mechanism from a two-step to a one-step pathway, whereas that of the latter causes quick assembly of solutes. Moreover, we developed a thermodynamic model based on the formation of core-shell nuclei to calculate the free energy landscapes. Our model successfully described the pathway observed in the simulations and demonstrated that the two parameters, (1) and (2), define the degree of supercooling and supersaturation, respectively. Thus, our model interpreted the microscopic insights from a macroscopic point of view. Because the only inputs required for our model are the interaction parameters, our model can a priori predict the nucleation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Iida
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tatsumasa Hiratsuka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Minoru T Miyahara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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21
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Guo M, Jones MJ, Goh R, Verma V, Guinn E, Heng JYY. The Effect of Chain Length and Conformation on the Nucleation of Glycine Homopeptides during the Crystallization Process. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2023; 23:1668-1675. [PMID: 36879769 PMCID: PMC9983003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.2c01229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
To explore the effect of chain length and conformation on the nucleation of peptides, the primary nucleation induction time of glycine homopeptides in pure water at different supersaturation levels under various temperatures has been determined. Nucleation data suggest that longer chains will prolong the induction time, especially for chains longer than three, where nucleation will occur over several days. In contrast, the nucleation rate increased with an increase in the supersaturation for all homopeptides. Induction time and nucleation difficulty increase at lower temperatures. However, for triglycine, the dihydrate form was produced with an unfolded peptide conformation (pPII) at low temperature. The interfacial energy and activation Gibbs energy of this dihydrate form are both lower than those at high temperature, while the induction time is longer, indicating the classical nucleation theory is not suitable to explain the nucleation phenomenon of triglycine dihydrate. Moreover, gelation and liquid-liquid separation of longer chain glycine homopeptides were observed, which was normally classified to nonclassical nucleation theory. This work provides insight into how the nucleation process evolves with increasing chain length and variable conformation, thereby offering a fundamental understanding of the critical peptide chain length for the classical nucleation theory and complex nucleation process for peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Guo
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial
College London, South Kensington
Campus, LondonSW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Marie J. Jones
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial
College London, South Kensington
Campus, LondonSW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Racheal Goh
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial
College London, South Kensington
Campus, LondonSW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Vivek Verma
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial
College London, South Kensington
Campus, LondonSW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Emily Guinn
- Synthetic
Molecule Design and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana46221, United States
| | - Jerry Y. Y. Heng
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial
College London, South Kensington
Campus, LondonSW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Institute
for Molecular Science and Engineering, Imperial
College London, South Kensington
Campus, LondonSW7 2AZ, U.K.
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22
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Liu H, Zhao Y, Sun J. Heterogeneous Nucleation in Protein Crystallization. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:68. [PMID: 36810399 PMCID: PMC9944892 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein crystallization was first discovered in the nineteenth century and has been studied for nearly 200 years. Protein crystallization technology has recently been widely used in many fields, such as drug purification and protein structure analysis. The key to successful crystallization of proteins is the nucleation in the protein solution, which can be influenced by many factors, such as the precipitating agent, temperature, solution concentration, pH, etc., among which the role of the precipitating agent is extremely important. In this regard, we summarize the nucleation theory of protein crystallization, including classical nucleation theory, two-step nucleation theory, and heterogeneous nucleation theory. We focus on a variety of efficient heterogeneous nucleating agents and crystallization methods as well. The application of protein crystals in crystallography and biopharmaceutical fields is further discussed. Finally, the bottleneck of protein crystallization and the prospect of future technology development are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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23
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Xue Y, Ma H, Li YY. Anammox-based granulation cycle for sustainable granular sludge biotechnology from mechanisms to strategies: A critical review. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 228:119353. [PMID: 36423549 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) granular sludge is a promising biotechnological process for treating low-carbon nitrogenous wastewater, and is featured with low energy consumption and footprint. Previous theoretical and experimental research on anammox granular sludge processes mainly focused on granulation (flocs → granules), but pay little attention to the granulation cycle including granulation and regeneration. This work reviewed the previous studies from the perspective of anammox granules lifecycle and proposed various sustainable formation mechanisms of anammox granules. By reviewing the anaerobic, aerobic, and anammox granulation mechanisms, we summarize the mechanisms of thermodynamic theory, heterogeneous growth, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS)-based adhesion, quorum sensing (QS)-based regulation, biomineralization-based growth, and stratification of microorganisms to understand anammox granulation. In the regeneration process, the formation of precursors for re-granulation is explained by the mechanisms of physical crushing, quorum quenching and dispersion cue sensing. Based on the granulation cycle mechanism, the rebuilding of the normal regeneration process is considered essential to avoid granule floatation and the wash-out of granules. This comprehensive review indicates that future research on anammox granulation cycle should focus on the effects of filamentous bacteria in denitrification-anammox granulation cycle, the role of QS/ quorum quenching (QQ)-based autoinducers, development of diversified mechanisms to understand the cycle and the cycle mechanisms of stored granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xue
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Haiyuan Ma
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 40045, China
| | - Yu-You Li
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
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24
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Xu Q, Zheng F, Yang P, Tu P, Xing Y, Zhang P, Liu H, Liu X, Bi X. Effect of autoclave-cooling cycles combined pullulanase on the physicochemical and structural properties of resistant starch from black Tartary buckwheat. J Food Sci 2023; 88:315-327. [PMID: 36510380 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A starch-rich portion is produced as a by-product of black Tartary buckwheat processing. The effect of enzymatic combined with autoclaving-cooling cycles (one, two, or three times) on the physicochemical and structural properties of black Tartary buckwheat type 3 resistant starch (BRS) was evaluated. The autoclaving-cooling cycles enhanced solubility and reduced swelling, with the BRS content increasing from 14.12% to 25.18%. The high crystallinity of the BRS reflected a high molecular order. However, increasing the number of autoclaving-cooling cycles did not result in higher BRS content. The highest BRS yield in the autoclaved starch samples was 25.18% after double-autoclaving-cooling cycles. Furthermore, the autoclaving-cooling cycles altered the crystalline structure of black Tartary buckwheat, and the subsequent crystallinity changed from 36.33% to 42.05% to 38.27%. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy shows that the number of cycles results in more efficient double-helical packing within the crystalline lamella. Principal component analysis showed that the autoclaving-cooling cycle treatment leads to significant changes in the molecular structure of resistant starch (RS). These results indicated that autoclaving-cooling cycles might be a feasible way for producing RS from black Tartary buckwheat starch with better structural stability to expand their application range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Processing and Food Safety of Sichuan Province, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Faying Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Processing and Food Safety of Sichuan Province, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Processing and Food Safety of Sichuan Province, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Tu
- Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Processing and Food Safety of Sichuan Province, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yage Xing
- Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Processing and Food Safety of Sichuan Province, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Huantai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Processing and Food Safety of Sichuan Province, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaocui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Processing and Food Safety of Sichuan Province, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiufang Bi
- Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Processing and Food Safety of Sichuan Province, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
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25
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Sakakibara M, Nada H, Nakamuro T, Nakamura E. Cinematographic Recording of a Metastable Floating Island in Two- and Three-Dimensional Crystal Growth. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:1704-1710. [PMID: 36589889 PMCID: PMC9801501 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Many chemical reactions go through a cascade of events in which a series of metastable intermediates appear, and crystal nucleation is no exception. Although the consensus on the energetics of nucleation suggests the formation of metastable states preceding the crystal growth, little experimental evidence has been reported for their dynamics at an atomistic level. Operando imaging of two-dimensional nucleation on a defect-free NaCl nanocrystal in carbon nanotubes using a millisecond angstrom-resolution transmission electron microscope revealed the formation of a metastable "floating island" (FI) that migrates thermally on the (100) facet of NaCl as the first intermediate of epitaxy. The speed of the migration at 298 K is estimated to be larger than 0.3 nm ms-1. When a crystal tumbles in a container, a space repeatedly forms between the crystal and the container wall that hosts the FI. Tumbling changes the surface energy repeatedly and promotes the conversion of the FI into a new epitaxial layer. We anticipate that this surface catalysis mechanism found on the nanoscale also operates in bulk heterogeneous nucleation where agitation and attrition accelerate crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Sakakibara
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nada
- Environmental
Management Research Institute, National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8569, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakamuro
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Eiichi Nakamura
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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26
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Gradišek A, Apih T, Beira MJ, Cruz C, Fernandes SN, Godinho HM, Sebastião PJ. Observing short-range orientational order in small-molecule liquids. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22500. [PMID: 36577850 PMCID: PMC9797480 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27187-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Local molecular ordering in liquids has attracted a lot of interest from researchers investigating crystallization, but is still poorly understood on the molecular scale. Classical nucleation theory (CNT), a macroscopic thermodynamic description of condensation, has shortcomings when dealing with clusters consisting of tens of molecules. Cluster formation and local order fluctuations in liquid media are difficult to study due to the limited spatial resolution of electron- and photon-imaging methods. We used NMR relaxometry to demonstrate the existence of dynamic clusters with short-range orientational order in nominally isotropic liquids consisting of elongated molecules. We observed clusters in liquids where the local ordering is driven by polar, steric, and hydrogen-bond interactions between the molecules. In the case of a liquid crystal, measuring the local orientational order fluctuations allowed us to observe the size of these clusters diverging when approaching the phase transition from the isotropic to the nematic phase. These fluctuations are described in terms of rotational elasticity as a consequence of the correlated reorientations of the neighbouring molecules. Our quantitative observations of the dynamic clusters in liquids, numbering about ten or fewer molecules, indicate that this is a general phenomenon in various types of liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Gradišek
- grid.11375.310000 0001 0706 0012Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomaž Apih
- grid.11375.310000 0001 0706 0012Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maria J. Beira
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Center of Physics and Engineering of Advanced Materials, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal ,grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Department of Physics, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos Cruz
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Center of Physics and Engineering of Advanced Materials, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal ,grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Department of Physics, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Susete N. Fernandes
- grid.10772.330000000121511713CENIMAT/I3N, Departamento de Ciência Dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências E Tecnologia, UNL, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Helena M. Godinho
- grid.10772.330000000121511713CENIMAT/I3N, Departamento de Ciência Dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências E Tecnologia, UNL, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro J. Sebastião
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Center of Physics and Engineering of Advanced Materials, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal ,grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Department of Physics, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation Prediction of Proteins in Salt Solution by Deep Neural Network. Biomolecules 2022; 13:biom13010042. [PMID: 36671427 PMCID: PMC9855436 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) underlies the formation of membrane-free organelles in eukaryotic cells and plays an important role in the development of some diseases. The phase boundary of metastable liquid-liquid phase separation as well as the cloud point temperature of some globular proteins characterize the phase behavior of proteins and have been widely studied theoretically and experimentally. In the present study, we used a regression and classification neural network to deal with the phase behavior of lysozyme and bovine serum albumin (BSA). We predicted the cloud point temperature and solubility of a lysozyme solution containing sodium chloride by regression and the reentrant phase behavior of BSA in YCl3 solution containing a surfactant dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide (DDAO) by classification. Specifically, our network model is capable of predicting (a) the solubility of lysozyme in the range: pH 4.0-5.4, temperature 0-25 °C, and NaCl concentration 2-7% (w/v); (b) the cloud point temperature of lysozyme in the range: pH 4.0-4.8, NaCl concentration 2-7%, and lysozyme concentration 0-400 mg/mL; and (c) the phase behavior of BSA in the range: DDAO 1-60 mM, BSA 30-100 mg/mL, and YCl3 1-20 mM. We experimentally tested the model at some prediction points with a high accuracy, which means that deep neural networks can be applicable in qualitative and quantitive analysis of liquid-liquid phase separation.
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28
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Takahashi KZ. Molecular cluster analysis using local order parameters selected by machine learning. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 25:658-672. [PMID: 36484716 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03696g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Accurately extracting local molecular structures is essential for understanding the mechanisms of phase and structural transitions. A promising method to characterize the local molecular structure is defining the value of the local order parameter (LOP) for each particle. This work develops the Molecular Assembly structure Learning package for Identifying Order parameters (MALIO), a machine learning package that can propose an optimal (set of) LOP(s) quickly and automatically for a huge number of LOP species and various methods of selecting neighboring particles for the calculation. We applied this package to distinguish between the nematic and smectic phases of uniaxial liquid crystal molecules, and selected candidate LOPs that could be used to precisely observe the nematic-smectic phase transition. The LOP candidates were used to observe the nucleation and subsequent percolation transition, and the effect of the choice of LOP species and neighboring particles on the statistics of local molecular structures (clusters) was examined. The procedure revealed the time evolution of the number of clusters and the dependence of the percolation curve on the number of neighboring particles for each LOP species. The LOP species with the lowest dependence on the number of neighboring particles was the best-performing LOP species in the MALIO screening strategy. These results not only show that machine learning can powerfully screen a huge number of LOP species and suggest only a few promising candidates, but also indicate that MALIO can select the best LOP species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Z Takahashi
- Research Center for Computational Design of Advanced Functional Materials, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, 305-8568, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Seifert AI, Simons J, Gutsch J, Wohlgemuth K. Inert Gassing Crystallization for Improved Product Separation of Oleo-Chemicals toward an Efficient Circular Economy. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid I. Seifert
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Plant and Process Design, TU Dortmund University, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Justin Simons
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Plant and Process Design, TU Dortmund University, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan Gutsch
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Plant and Process Design, TU Dortmund University, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wohlgemuth
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Plant and Process Design, TU Dortmund University, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
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30
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Jin L, Shi Y, Allen FI, Chen LQ, Wu J. Probing the Critical Nucleus Size in the Metal-Insulator Phase Transition of VO_{2}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:245701. [PMID: 36563252 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.245701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In a first-order phase transition, critical nucleus size governs nucleation kinetics, but the direct experimental test of the theory and determination of the critical nucleation size have been achieved only recently in the case of ice formation in supercooled water. The widely known metal-insulator phase transition (MIT) in strongly correlated VO_{2} is a first-order electronic phase transition coupled with a solid-solid structural transformation. It is unclear whether classical nucleation theory applies in such a complex case. In this Letter, we directly measure the critical nucleus size of the MIT by introducing size-controlled nanoscale nucleation seeds with focused ion irradiation at the surface of a deeply supercooled metal phase of VO_{2}. The results compare favorably with classical nucleation theory and are further explained by phase-field modeling. This Letter validates the application of classical nucleation theory as a parametrizable model to describe phase transitions of strongly correlated electron materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yin Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Frances I Allen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Long-Qing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Junqiao Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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31
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Effect of in vitro dynamic gastrointestinal digestion on antioxidant activity and bioaccessibility of vitexin nanoencapsulated in vaterite calcium carbonate. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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32
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Chevalier OJGL, Nakamuro T, Sato W, Miyashita S, Chiba T, Kido J, Shang R, Nakamura E. Precision Synthesis and Atomistic Analysis of Deep-Blue Cubic Quantum Dots Made via Self-Organization. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21146-21156. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Takayuki Nakamuro
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Wataru Sato
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyashita
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takayuki Chiba
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Junji Kido
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Rui Shang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Eiichi Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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33
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Huang Y, Wang J, Wang N, Li X, Ji X, Yang J, Zhou L, Wang T, Huang X, Hao H. Molecular mechanism of liquid–liquid phase separation in preparation process of crystalline materials. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.118005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hong MH, Lee JH, Jung HS, Shin H, Shin H. Biomineralization of bone tissue: calcium phosphate-based inorganics in collagen fibrillar organic matrices. Biomater Res 2022; 26:42. [PMID: 36068587 PMCID: PMC9450317 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-022-00288-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone regeneration research is currently ongoing in the scientific community. Materials approved for clinical use, and applied to patients, have been developed and produced. However, rather than directly affecting bone regeneration, these materials support bone induction, which regenerates bone. Therefore, the research community is still researching bone tissue regeneration. In the papers published so far, it is hard to find an improvement in the theory of bone regeneration. This review discusses the relationship between the existing theories on hard tissue growth and regeneration and the biomaterials developed so far for this purpose and future research directions. MAINBODY Highly complex nucleation and crystallization in hard tissue involves the coordinated action of ions and/or molecules that can produce different organic and inorganic composite biomaterials. In addition, the healing of bone defects is also affected by the dynamic conditions of ions and nutrients in the bone regeneration process. Inorganics in the human body, especially calcium- and/or phosphorus-based materials, play an important role in hard tissues. Inorganic crystal growth is important for treating or remodeling the bone matrix. Biomaterials used in bone tissue regeneration require expertise in various fields of the scientific community. Chemical knowledge is indispensable for interpreting the relationship between biological factors and their formation. In addition, sources of energy for the nucleation and crystallization processes of such chemical bonds and minerals that make up the bone tissue must be considered. However, the exact mechanism for this process has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, a convergence of broader scientific fields such as chemistry, materials, and biology is urgently needed to induce a distinct bone tissue regeneration mechanism. CONCLUSION This review provides an overview of calcium- and/or phosphorus-based inorganic properties and processes combined with organics that can be regarded as matrices of these minerals, namely collagen molecules and collagen fibrils. Furthermore, we discuss how this strategy can be applied to future bone tissue regenerative medicine in combination with other academic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ho Hong
- Department of Dental Biomaterials and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Heon Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Heungsoo Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nano Science & Technology (INST), Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Shin
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Energy Science, Nature Inspired Materials Processing Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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35
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Sugiyama T, Wang SF. Manipulation of nucleation and polymorphism by laser irradiation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C: PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2022.100530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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36
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Rodzik A, Railean V, Pomastowski P, Žuvela P, Wong MW, Sprynskyy M, Buszewski B. Study on silver ions binding to β-lactoglobulin. Biophys Chem 2022; 291:106897. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2022.106897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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37
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Ortiz Peña N, Ihiawakrim D, Creţu S, Cotin G, Kiefer C, Begin-Colin S, Sanchez C, Portehault D, Ersen O. In situ liquid transmission electron microscopy reveals self-assembly-driven nucleation in radiolytic synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles in organic media. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:10950-10957. [PMID: 35860928 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01511k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the early stages of the formation of iron oxide nanoparticles from iron stearate precursors in the presence of sodium stearate in an organic solvent by in situ liquid phase transmission electron microscopy (IL-TEM). Before nucleation, we have evidenced the spontaneous formation of vesicular assemblies made of iron polycation-based precursors sandwiched between stearate layers. Nucleation of iron oxide nanoparticles occurs within the walls of the vesicles, which subsequently collapse upon the consumption of the iron precursors and the growth of the nanoparticles. We then evidenced that fine control of the electron dose, and therefore of the local concentration of reactive iron species in the vicinity of the nuclei, enables controlling crystal growth and selecting the morphology of the resulting iron oxide nanoparticles. Such a direct observation of the nucleation process templated by vesicular assemblies in a hydrophobic organic solvent sheds new light on the formation process of metal oxide nanoparticles and therefore opens ways for the synthesis of inorganic colloidal systems with tunable shape and size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaly Ortiz Peña
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504 CNRS Université de Strasbourg, BP 43 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France.
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Dris Ihiawakrim
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504 CNRS Université de Strasbourg, BP 43 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France.
| | - Sorina Creţu
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504 CNRS Université de Strasbourg, BP 43 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France.
| | - Geoffrey Cotin
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504 CNRS Université de Strasbourg, BP 43 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France.
| | - Céline Kiefer
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504 CNRS Université de Strasbourg, BP 43 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France.
| | - Sylvie Begin-Colin
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504 CNRS Université de Strasbourg, BP 43 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France.
| | - Clément Sanchez
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Collège de France, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (CMCP), 4 place Jussieu, F-75005, Paris, France
- University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Studies (USIAS), 67083 Strasbourg, France
| | - David Portehault
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Collège de France, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (CMCP), 4 place Jussieu, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Ovidiu Ersen
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504 CNRS Université de Strasbourg, BP 43 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France.
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Wagner A, Ezersky V, Maria R, Upcher A, Lemcoff T, Aflalo ED, Lubin Y, Palmer BA. The Non-Classical Crystallization Mechanism of a Composite Biogenic Guanine Crystal. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2202242. [PMID: 35608485 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spectacular colors and visual phenomena in animals are produced by light interference from highly reflective guanine crystals. Little is known about how organisms regulate crystal morphology to tune the optics of these systems. By following guanine crystal formation in developing spiders, a crystallization mechanism is elucidated. Guanine crystallization is a "non-classical," multistep process involving a progressive ordering of states. Crystallization begins with nucleation of partially ordered nanogranules from a disordered precursor phase. Growth proceeds by orientated attachment of the nanogranules into platelets which coalesce into single crystals, via progressive relaxation of structural defects. Despite their prismatic morphology, the platelet texture is retained in the final crystals, which are composites of crystal lamellae and interlamellar sheets. Interactions between the macromolecular sheets and the planar face of guanine appear to direct nucleation, favoring platelet formation. These findings provide insights on how organisms control the morphology and optical properties of molecular crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avital Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheba, 8410501, Israel
| | - Vladimir Ezersky
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheba, 8410501, Israel
| | - Raquel Maria
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheba, 8410501, Israel
| | - Alexander Upcher
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheba, 8410501, Israel
| | - Tali Lemcoff
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheba, 8410501, Israel
| | - Eliahu D Aflalo
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
- Department of Life Sciences, Achva Academic College, Mobile Post Shikmim, Beer-Sheba, 79800, Israel
| | - Yael Lubin
- Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Southern Israel, 8499000, Israel
| | - Benjamin A Palmer
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheba, 8410501, Israel
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39
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Molecular Mechanism of Organic Crystal Nucleation: A Perspective of Solution Chemistry and Polymorphism. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12070980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Crystal nucleation determining the formation and assembly pathway of first organic materials is the central science of various scientific disciplines such as chemical, geochemical, biological, and synthetic materials. However, our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of nucleation remains limited. Over the past decades, the advancements of new experimental and computational techniques have renewed numerous interests in detailed molecular mechanisms of crystal nucleation, especially structure evolution and solution chemistry. These efforts bifurcate into two categories: (modified) classical nucleation theory (CNT) and non-classical nucleation mechanisms. In this review, we briefly introduce the two nucleation mechanisms and summarize current molecular understandings of crystal nucleation that are specifically applied in polymorphic crystallization systems of small organic molecules. Many important aspects of crystal nucleation including molecular association, solvation, aromatic interactions, and hierarchy in intermolecular interactions were examined and discussed for a series of organic molecular systems. The new understandings relating to molecular self-assembly in nucleating systems have suggested more complex multiple nucleation pathways that are associated with the formation and evolution of molecular aggregates in solution.
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40
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Gebauer D, Gale JD, Cölfen H. Crystal Nucleation and Growth of Inorganic Ionic Materials from Aqueous Solution: Selected Recent Developments, and Implications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107735. [PMID: 35678091 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this review article, selected, latest theoretical, and experimental developments in the field of nucleation and crystal growth of inorganic materials from aqueous solution are highlighted, with a focus on literature after 2015 and on non-classical pathways. A key point is to emphasize the so far underappreciated role of water and solvent entropy in crystallization at all stages from solution speciation through to the final crystal. While drawing on examples from current inorganic materials where non-classical behavior has been proposed, the potential of these approaches to be adapted to a wide-range of systems is also discussed, while considering the broader implications of the current re-assessment of pathways for crystallization. Various techniques that are suitable for the exploration of crystallization pathways in aqueous solution, from nucleation to crystal growth are summarized, and a flow chart for the assignment of specific theories based on experimental observations is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Gebauer
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Callinstr. 9, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julian D Gale
- Curtin Institute for Computation/The Institute for Geoscience Research (TiGER), School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, PO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- University of Konstanz, Physical Chemistry, Universitätsstr. 10, 78465, Konstanz, Germany
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41
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Simoni M, Hanein T, Woo CL, Tyrer M, Nyberg M, Martinez JC, Quintero-Mora NI, Provis JL, Kinoshita H. Decarbonisation of calcium carbonate in sodium hydroxide solutions under ambient conditions: effect of residence time and mixing rates. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:16125-16138. [PMID: 35748396 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01412b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The decarbonisation of CaCO3 is essential for the production of lime (Ca(OH)2 and CaO), which is a commodity required in several large industries and the main precursor for cement production. CaCO3 is usually decarbonised at high temperatures, generating gaseous CO2 which will require post-process capture to minimise its release into the environment. We have developed a new process that can decarbonise CaCO3 under ambient conditions, while sequestering the CO2 as Na2CO3·H2O or Na2CO3 in the same stage. Here, the effects of increasing stirring rates and residence times on reaction efficiency of the key reaction occurring between CaCO3 and NaOH solution are studied. It is shown that the reaction is enhanced at lower stirring rates and longer residence times up to 300 seconds of contact between the reactants. The mass balance performed for Ca and CO2 revealed that up to the 95% of the process CO2 embodied in CaCO3 was sequestered, with maximum capture rate assessed at nn moles CO2 captured per second of reaction progress. A deeper insight into the precipitation of Na2CO3·H2O or Na2CO3 under different reaction conditions was gained, and SEM-EDX analysis enabled the observation of the reaction front by detection of Na migrating towards inner regions of partially-reacted limestone chalk particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Simoni
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Sheffield, S1 3JD, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Theodore Hanein
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Sheffield, S1 3JD, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Chun Long Woo
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Sheffield, S1 3JD, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Mark Tyrer
- Collegium Basilea, Institute of Advanced Study, Hochstrasse 51, 4053 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Magnus Nyberg
- CEMEX Asia Research AG, Römerstrasse 13, 2555 Brügg, Switzerland
| | | | | | - John L Provis
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Sheffield, S1 3JD, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Hajime Kinoshita
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Sheffield, S1 3JD, Sheffield, UK.
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42
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Feng X, Ma L, Cai F, Sun C, Ding H. Ag/CoFe
2
O
4
as a Fenton‐Like Catalyst for the Degradation of Methylene Blue. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Feng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 500 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Lili Ma
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 500 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Fanghui Cai
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 500 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Chunyu Sun
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 500 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Hanming Ding
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 500 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200241 China
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43
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Li Q, Kölbel J, Davis MP, Korter TM, Bond AD, Threlfall T, Zeitler JA. In Situ Observation of the Structure of Crystallizing Magnesium Sulfate Heptahydrate Solutions with Terahertz Transmission Spectroscopy. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2022; 22:3961-3972. [PMID: 35673396 PMCID: PMC9165030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy in a transmission geometry combined with visual analysis was used to investigate the crystallization process of MgSO4 solution. Careful spectral analysis of both a feature at 1.6 THz and the overall magnitude of absorption allowed the extraction of information about the liquid phase before and during crystallization, aiding the investigation of solvation dynamics and the behavior of molecular species at phase boundaries. The method was reproducibly applied to a number of measurements on a series of solutions of three chosen concentrations at different temperatures. When increasing temperature at the end of the measurement, the dissolution of crystals was observed as well. The temperature-dependent absorption data of the semicrystalline systems were converted to the solvent concentrations using a recently developed method. Solutions of a series of concentrations were also investigated in the temperature range of 4-25 °C. The results were compared to the theoretical calculated values, and the consistent differences proved the existence of a hydration shell around the salt ions whose behavior is different from bulk water. Future work will focus on triggering nucleation at specific positions in order to study the very beginning of the crystallization process. MgSO4 heptahydrate is used as a model system in this study, while the concept and the setup can be applied to other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - Johanna Kölbel
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - Margaret P. Davis
- Department
of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 1-046 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Timothy M. Korter
- Department
of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 1-046 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Andrew D. Bond
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Terrence Threlfall
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - J. Axel Zeitler
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
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44
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Determining Alloy Nucleation Core Origin and Grain Refinement Strategy Based on the Dependence Degree of Content Difference. METALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/met12060946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
What is nucleation core origin during alloy solidification, especially for equiaxed grains? Different dependence degrees of the magnitude or occurrence of element content variation could shed light on this long-standing issue in actual large ingots. Here, based on etched surface height and grayscale, element content distributions within the solid fraction in continuous casting billets and additive manufacturing samples are first obtained by only a two-dimensional surface. Then, combined with the phylogenetic trees, the rank correlation is applied to measure the dependence of content differences during initial solidification. Assessments of external dependence degrees are helpful to determine nucleation core origin and low internal dependence degree facilitates grain refinement. Moreover, in continuous casting, some nucleation cores in the central equiaxed grain zone are confirmed to originate from the edge-chilled zone and high equiaxed grain area ratio under a low superheat, which is attributed to the low ratio of temperature gradient to growth rate rather than remelting fewer cores originating from the chilled zone. In addition, the floating behavior of separated grains originating from the chilled zone can be affected by gravity force, but these grains should be more active when increasing the casting superheat that may weaken the influence of gravity to a certain extent.
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45
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Kipnusu WK, Zhuravlev E, Schick C, Kremer F. Homogeneous nucleation in polyamide 66, a two-stage process as revealed by combined nanocalorimetry and IR spectroscopy. Colloid Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-022-04980-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractNanocalorimetry and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy are combined to measure the calorimetric properties and molecular spectra of the same sample (sample amount about 5 ng) of polyamide 66 (PA66). By determining IR difference absorption spectra between a quenched and a sample annealed at varying temperatures (Ta) and annealing time (ta), the initial steps of homogeneous nucleation is for the first time revealed on a molecular scale, long before crystallization takes place. As starting point (i), isolated H-bonds are formed between (N–H) and (C = O) moieties of adjacent (neighboring) polymer segments promoted by far-reaching dipole–dipole interactions. In the second step (ii), the H-bonds realign, which in part requires the opening of already established H-bonds. In stage (i), the FTIR absorption intensity of the free (C = O)f moieties decreases while that of the H-bonded (C = O)b ones increases as a function of Ta at constant ta. This implies an increase in the H-bonding network in amorphous domains. The second stage of nucleation in the studied PA66 is characterized by an increase in the number of (C = O)f and a corresponding decrease in (C = O)b moieties as the sample transitions to the ordered crystalline structure. This is attributed to a change from γ to α polymorphs in PA66. The non-polar methylene units in PA66 are largely unaffected during the nucleation steps, where no changes in the overall heat capacity are detectable, proving that these changes occur prior to the onset of crystal growth.
Graphical abstract
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46
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Parmar D, Niu Z, Liang Y, Dai H, Rimer JD. Manipulation of amorphous precursors to enhance zeolite nucleation. Faraday Discuss 2022; 235:322-342. [PMID: 35411361 DOI: 10.1039/d1fd00096a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Crystallization in media comprised of amorphous precursors is becoming a more common phenomenon for numerous synthetic, biological, and natural materials that grow by a combination of classical and nonclassical pathways. Amorphous phases can exhibit a wide range of physicochemical properties that may evolve during the course of nucleation and crystal growth. This creates challenges for establishing causal relationships between amorphous precursor properties and their effect(s) on the selection of mechanistic pathways of crystallization and ultimately the properties of the crystalline product. In this study, we examine ways to manipulate the composition and colloidal stability of amorphous (alumino)silicate precursors that are prevalent in nanoporous zeolite syntheses. Changes in the amorphous precursor properties are evaluated on the basis of their ability to enhance rates of crystal formation. Here, we use fumed silica as the primary silicon source and examine the effects of infusing the source or growth medium with additional alkali metal, which serves as an inorganic structure-directing agent to facilitate the formation of porous crystal structures. We also assess the impact of adding a polymer additive, which reduces the colloidal stability of precursors, wherein we posit that the confined pockets of solution within the interstitial spaces of the precursor aggregates play an important role in regulating the rate of zeolite crystallization. Three commercially relevant zeolites (mordenite, SSZ-13, and ZSM-5) were selected for this study based on their diverse frameworks and methods of preparation. Our findings reveal that alkali infusion significantly reduces the crystallization times for mordenite and SSZ-13, but has little impact on ZSM-5 synthesis. Conversely, we find that polymer addition markedly enhanced the rates of crystallization among all three zeolites, suggesting that this method may be a general approach to reduce zeolite synthesis times. Given the relatively high costs associated with commercial zeolite production, identifying new methods to improve the efficiency of hydrothermal syntheses can have significant practical implications beyond the fundamental benefits of developing new routes to tailor nonclassical crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deependra Parmar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
| | - Zhiyin Niu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
| | - Yu Liang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
| | - Heng Dai
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
| | - Jeffrey D Rimer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
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47
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Zeng SY, Hsu CH, Wu TM. Bond Orientational Order Parameters for Classifying Solid-like Clusters in a Lennard-Jones System near Liquid-Solid Transition and at Solid States. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:2018-2030. [PMID: 35297626 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c09527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we introduced an order parameter, named the local structure similarity (LSS), to measure the resemblance of a cluster structure in a liquid with respect to a perfect crystal. The LSS is based on a dot product of two bond orientational order complex vectors, with one vector associated with a particle in a liquid and the other vector with a particle in a crystal. The calculation of the LSS should scan the entire space of the Euler angles determined by the two coordinate frames describing individually the liquid and the crystal. The effectiveness of the LSS was examined by solid-like clusters in a Lennard-Jones (LJ) system near its liquid-solid phase transition and at solid states below its melting point, where the thermodynamic states of the LJ system were obtained by simulation annealing. The LSS measure was utilized to scrutinize the fcc-like, hcp-like, and bcc-like clusters classified by criteria based on W4 and W6 order parameters. As indicated by our results, the two ways of classification are consistent for fcc-like and hcp-like clusters, which are in a close resemblance to their crystalline counterparts. However, the classification with positive W6 for bcc-like clusters is inconsistent with the results of the LSS measure, which was confirmed by clusters in a LJ system confined between two parallel slabs of particles in the bcc structure arrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yuan Zeng
- Institute of Physics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chih-Hao Hsu
- Institute of Physics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ten-Ming Wu
- Institute of Physics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, R.O.C
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48
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Ezzat K, Sturchio A, Espay AJ. Proteins Do Not Replicate, They Precipitate: Phase Transition and Loss of Function Toxicity in Amyloid Pathologies. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040535. [PMID: 35453734 PMCID: PMC9031251 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein aggregation into amyloid fibrils affects many proteins in a variety of diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, and cancer. Physicochemically, amyloid formation is a phase transition process, where soluble proteins are transformed into solid fibrils with the characteristic cross-β conformation responsible for their fibrillar morphology. This phase transition proceeds via an initial, rate-limiting nucleation step followed by rapid growth. Several well-defined nucleation pathways exist, including homogenous nucleation (HON), which proceeds spontaneously; heterogeneous nucleation (HEN), which is catalyzed by surfaces; and seeding via preformed nuclei. It has been hypothesized that amyloid aggregation represents a protein-only (nucleic-acid free) replication mechanism that involves transmission of structural information via conformational templating (the prion hypothesis). While the prion hypothesis still lacks mechanistic support, it is also incompatible with the fact that proteins can be induced to form amyloids in the absence of a proteinaceous species acting as a conformational template as in the case of HEN, which can be induced by lipid membranes (including viral envelopes) or polysaccharides. Additionally, while amyloids can be formed from any protein sequence and via different nucleation pathways, they invariably adopt the universal cross-β conformation; suggesting that such conformational change is a spontaneous folding event that is thermodynamically favorable under the conditions of supersaturation and phase transition and not a templated replication process. Finally, as the high stability of amyloids renders them relatively inert, toxicity in some amyloid pathologies might be more dependent on the loss of function from protein sequestration in the amyloid state rather than direct toxicity from the amyloid plaques themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kariem Ezzat
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea Sturchio
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuro Svenningsson, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden;
- James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA;
| | - Alberto J. Espay
- James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA;
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49
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Bulutoglu PS, Wang S, Boukerche M, Nere NK, Corti DS, Ramkrishna D. An investigation of the kinetics and thermodynamics of NaCl nucleation through composite clusters. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac033. [PMID: 36713321 PMCID: PMC9802385 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Having a good understanding of nucleation is critical for the control of many important processes, such as polymorph selection during crystallization. However, a complete picture of the molecular-level mechanisms of nucleation remains elusive. In this work, we take an in-depth look at the NaCl homogeneous nucleation mechanism through thermodynamics. Distinguished from the classical nucleation theory, we calculate the free energy of nucleation as a function of two nucleus size coordinates: crystalline and amorphous cluster sizes. The free energy surface reveals a thermodynamic preference for a nonclassical mechanism of nucleation through a composite cluster, where the crystalline nucleus is surrounded by an amorphous layer. The thickness of the amorphous layer increases with an increase in supersaturation. The computed free energy landscape agrees well with the composite cluster-free energy model, through which phase specific thermodynamic properties are evaluated. As the supersaturation increases, there is a change in stability of the amorphous phase relative to the solution phase, resulting in a change from one-step to two-step mechanism, seen clearly from the free energy profile along the minimum free energy path crossing the transition curve. By obtaining phase-specific diffusion coefficients, we construct the full mesoscopic model and present a clear roadmap for NaCl nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin S Bulutoglu
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2100, USA
| | - Shiyan Wang
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2100, USA
| | - Moussa Boukerche
- Process Research and Development , AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Nandkishor K Nere
- Process Research and Development , AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - David S Corti
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2100, USA
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50
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Zhao P, Hu G, Chen H, Li M, Wang Y, Sun N, Wang L, Xu Y, Xia J, Tian B, Liu Y, He Z, Fu Q. Revealing the roles of polymers in supersaturation stabilization from the perspective of crystallization behaviors: A case of nimodipine. Int J Pharm 2022; 616:121538. [PMID: 35124119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Formulating drugs into amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) represents an attractive means to enhance the aqueous solubility of drugs. Furthermore, water-soluble polymers have proven highly advantageous for stabilizing supersaturated solutions of ASDs. However, the performance and mechanism of various polymers in stabilizing supersaturated drug solutions have not been well-studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different commercial polymers on the dissolution behaviors and supersaturation stabilization of the ASDs and to further explore the mechanism of polymer mediated supersaturation maintenance by studying the crystallization behaviors of the ASDs. In this study, nimodipine (NMD) was used as a model drug because of its poor water-solubility and fast crystallization rate in aqueous solution, and three polymers polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer (PVP VA), and polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol graft co-polymer (Soluplus) was selected as the drug carriers to form the ASDs with NMD. Solid-state characterizations of the ASDs confirmed the amorphous state of the ASD systems. ASDPVP VA demonstrated superior supersaturation maintenance in dissolution experiments compared to the other two ASD systems. Among the polymers tested, PVP VA most efficiently maintained dissolution of NMD and prevented its crystallization from the supersaturated solution. The ability of PVP VA to most-effectively maintain supersaturation of the drug was manifested by inhibition of crystal nucleation rather than inhibition of crystal growth following nucleation. These results suggest that nucleation inhibition was instrumental in enabling the polymer-mediated supersaturation maintenance, at least with NMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixu Zhao
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Guowei Hu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Haonan Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mo Li
- Liaoning Institute for Drug Control, No. 7 Chongshan West Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yiting Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Nan Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jialong Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Baocheng Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, No. 346, Guanhai Road, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
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